types and characteristics of different environments by martin eriksson
TRANSCRIPT
Types and Characteristics of Different Environments
By Martin Eriksson
Student Activity
List down all the outdoor environments you have been to.Next to these briefly describe the main characteristics/features of these?
• Vegetation – tree types etc.• Terrain – rocky, hilly, flat • Weather – snow, hot, cold, wet, dry, windy
What type of environment would you consider this to be?
Factors of Natural Environments
GeologyClimatePosition and aspect
From OES VCE 1-4 (2002)
Geology
Type of soils and rocksHow much rock has eroded to become soilDrainage of soil and rocksTopography
Shape of the land
Climate
RainfallTemperatureWind patternsDaylight hoursEvaporationFrostsSnowcover
Position and Aspect
Aspect refers to the direction slopeEg. A southerly aspect faces south therefore having more shade than a northerly aspect. This may effect the vegetation that grows there.
Geographical locationEg. Queensland compared to Victoria
Some Different EnvironmentsAlpineDry Forests and WoodlandsWet forests and rainforestsGrasslandsHeathlandsCoastalMarineArid and semi-aridWetlands
Alpine
Alpine
The word alpine means ‘above the treeline’.Area where it is too cold for trees to survive.Often snow country is referred to as alpine.Main vegetation is grasses, flowers, heath and shrub.Snow cover is common, particularly in winter months.
Australian Alpine - Summer
Australian Alpine - Winter
Dry Forests and Woodlands
Dry Forests and WoodlandsConsisting often of tall trees.Support a variety of plants and animals.Much of Victorias dry forests and woodlands have been effected by:
clearing during gold rushminingtimber harvestingGrazing
Box-Ironbark forest at Rushworth, or Mt. Samaria
Wet Forests and Rainforests
Wet Forests and Rainforests
Forests with less sunlight due to canopy.The worlds largest flowering plant – Mountain Ash (up to 100m tall)Tall trees subject to timber harvesting.Lake Mountain, Wilsons Prom.
Grasslands
Grasslands
More open plains.Target for grazing and free to settlers.Less than 1% left today in small pockets under threat.Once extensive between the Murray Valley and the Great Dividing Range.
Heathlands
Heathlands
Low, shrubby with twisted trees.Exposed to dry winds.Close relationship with fire – hard woody seed pods open after fire.Over 80 species of birds inhabit this ecosystem in Victoria.Coastal areas up to Divide – Eg. Wilsons Promontory.
Coastal
Coastal
Area dividing land and ocean.Coastal weather generally more moderate than inland.Waters edge may be significantly eroded by wind and water.Intertidal wildlife require great adaptability to dry and wet conditions.
Wilsons Promontory
Marine
Marine
Seas and oceans.2/3’s of the worlds surface.Still largely unexplored and unknown.Great variety of wildlife.Ocean currents of warm and cold follow patterns from season to season.
Jarasite Reef
Arid/Semi Arid
Arid/DesertDry environment.Often sandy due to vast inland sea millions of years ago.Commonly low mallee scrub of eucalypts that withstand long periods of harsh conditions.Often considered uninhabitable and not interesting.Eg. Little Desert.
Little Desert
Wetlands
Wetlands
Rivers, creeks, lakes and swamps.Inland areas often flood during winter although this has changed with irrigation weirs and dams.A major function is water purification.Ideal for recreation.Eg. Barmah Lake, Gippsland Lakes.
Barmah State Forest