trouble in the colonies steps toward conflict. the french and indian war the french and indian war,...
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Trouble in the Colonies
Steps Toward Conflict
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The French and Indian War
• The French and Indian war, a.k.a. The Seven Years’ War, was a global war. A large portion of it took place in the colonies.
• The war ended in 1763, but there were hard feelings left between many Indians and colonists.
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http://www.wwnorton.com/nrl/history/inv1/sample-maps-v1/images/4-3-french-indian-war.jpg
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http://www.historyteacher.net/APEuroCourse/Maps/map-7YrsWar-1756-1763.jpg
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The French and Indian War
• A global war can be a bit pricey. The British won the war, but Parliament still had to pay for it all.
• On top of that, Britain needed to leave troops in the colonies to protect them from the now very hostile Indians.
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Before the Treaty of Paris.The areas with stripes indicated the disputed territory.
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After the Treaty of Paris. Poor France.
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The French and Indian War
• Troops in the colonies also cost Parliament money.
• All of these things put Britain in some pretty serious debt.
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Present Day Comparison
• Wars are expensive.• The cost of maintaining the U.S.
presence in Iraq is roughly $720 million per day.
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Paying For the War
• The Prime Minister of England, George Grenville needed to find ways to pay off the debt.
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Paying for the War
• Since the British people were already paying high taxes, and since Grenville wasn’t a big fan of the colonies, he looked to them to pick up some of the tab.
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The Sugar Act
• In 1764 Parliament passed the Sugar Act, which set duties on molasses and sugar imported by the colonists.
• This was the first law specifically aimed at raising money from the colonists.
• The colonists were not thrilled.
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The Sugar Act
• Taxes on molasses were actually lower, but the law included anti-smuggling provisions that angered colonists.
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The Currency Act
• As another little added bonus, Parliament also passed the Currency Act.
• This law banned the colonies from printing their own money.
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The Currency Act
• Parliament did not want the colonists paying taxes in colonial currency.
• But since British currency was scarce (remember the Navigation Acts), this caused economic problems in the colonies.
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Enforcing the Navigation Acts…For Real
• In addition to these new laws, Parliament decided to finally put the smack-down on smugglers and enforce the Navigation Acts.
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Enforcing the Navigation Acts…For Real
• While smugglers obviously didn’t like this, colonial merchants now had to pay duties that they had managed to avoid before.
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Woah! You can’t tax me!
• Even though colonists were British subjects, they were very independent. Most colonists were not used to Parliament making rules for them.
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Woah! You can’t tax me!
• Many colonists didn’t think Britain even had a right to tax them without their permission.
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“Print shows George Grenville holding a balance with scales "Debts" and "Savings", the debt far outweighs savings; among those in line to contribute their savings is a Native American woman representing America, she wears a yoke labeled "Taxed without representation". A melancholy Britannia sits on the far right.”(Library of Congress)
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Taxation Without Representation
• Since the Sugar Act and the Currency Act hurt the colonial economy, merchants hated them the most.
• Many merchants in the colonies began a boycott of British goods, like clothes, until these new taxes were repealed.
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Taxation Without Representation
• What upset many more colonists, even the happiest British subject, was that Parliament didn’t even consult the colonial governments.
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Taxation Without Representation
• The colonies were not represented in Parliament. They had no voice looking out for their interests.
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Taxation Without Representation
• Colonists like James Otis and Samuel Adams thought that this was unfair, and unjust, and lead the fight against these taxes.
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The Stamp Act
• In 1765 Parliament passed the Stamp Act. This act affected almost every colonist.
• The law required colonists to pay for an official British seal, or stamp on almost all paper products.
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The Stamp Act
• If you wanted to buy a paper or file a legal document, you had to pay a tax.
• This act even angered colonists who thought the Sugar Act was alright.
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http://teachpol.tcnj.edu/amer_pol_hist/fi/00000014.jpg
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Print shows citizens in Boston burning proclamations from England pertaining to the stamp act of 1765.