trimble geomatics office user guide vol 2

Trimble Geomatics OfficeUser Guide

Volume 2

Version 1.5Part Number 39329-10-ENG

Revision AJanuary 2001

Trimble Geomatics OfficeUser Guide

Volume 2

Corporate Office

Trimble Navigation LimitedTechnical Publications Group645 North Mary AvenuePost Office Box 3642Sunnyvale, CA 94088-3642U.S.A.Phone: +1-408-481-8940, 1-800-545-7762Fax: +1-408-481-7744www.trimble.com

Copyright and Trademarks

© 1999–2001, Trimble Navigation Limited. Allrights reserved. For STL support, the TrimbleGeomatics Office software uses the MoscowCenter for SPARC Technology adaptation of theSGI Standard Template Library. Copyright ©1994 Hewlett-Packard Company, Copyright ©1996, 97 Silicon Graphics Computer Systems,Inc., Copyright © 1997 Moscow Center forSPARC Technology. Printed in the United Statesof America, on recycled paper.

The Sextant logo with Trimble, and GPSPathfinder, are trademarks of Trimble NavigationLimited, registered in the United States Patent andTrademark Office.

The Globe & Triangle logo with Trimble, Convertto RINEX, Coordinate System Manager, DataDictionary Editor, DC File Editor, DTMLink,Feature and Attribute Editor, Grid Factory,GPSurvey, Line Type Editor, QuickPlan,RoadLink, Symbol Editor, Trimble GeomaticsOffice, Trimble Survey Controller, TrimbleSurvey Office, TRIMMAP, TRIMNET, TSC1,and WAVE are trademarks of Trimble NavigationLimited.

All other trademarks are the property of theirrespective owners.

Release Notice

This is the January 2001 release (Revision A) ofVolume 2 of the Trimble Geomatics Office UserGuide, part number 39329-10-ENG. It applies toversion 1.5 of the Trimble Geomatics Officesoftware.

Patents

The Trimble Geomatics Office software iscovered by the following U.S. patents: 5614913,5969708, 5986604, and other patents pending.

The following limited warranties give you specificlegal rights. You may have others, which varyfrom state/jurisdiction to state/jurisdiction.

Software and Firmware Limited Warranty

Trimble warrants that this Trimble softwareproduct (the “Software”) shall substantiallyconform to Trimble’s applicable publishedspecifications for the Software for a period ofninety (90) days, starting from the date ofdelivery.

Warranty Remedies

Trimble's sole liability and your exclusive remedyunder the warranties set forth above shall be, atTrimble’s option, to repair or replace any Productor Software that fails to conform to such warranty(“Nonconforming Product”) or refund thepurchase price paid by you for any suchNonconforming Product, upon your return of anyNonconforming Product to Trimble.

Warranty Exclusions

These warranties shall be applied only in the eventand to the extent that: (i) the Products andSoftware are properly and correctly installed,configured, interfaced, stored, maintained andoperated in accordance with Trimble's relevantoperator's manual and specifications, and; (ii) theProducts and Software are not modified ormisused. The preceding warranties shall not applyto, and Trimble shall not be responsible for, anyclaim of warranty infringement is based on (i)defects or performance problems that arise fromthe combination or utilization of the Product orSoftware with products, information, systems ordevices not made, supplied or specified byTrimble; (ii) the operation of the Product orSoftware under any specification other than, or inaddition to, Trimble's standard specifications forits products; (iii) the unauthorized modification oruse of the Product or Software; (iv) damagecaused by lightning, other electrical discharge, orfresh or salt water immersion or spray; or (v)normal wear and tear on consumable parts (e.g.,batteries).

THE WARRANTIES ABOVE STATE TRIMBLE'SENTIRE LIABILITY AND YOUR EXCLUSIVEREMEDIES PERFORMANCE OF THE PRODUCTSAND SOFTWARE. EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLYPROVIDED IN THIS AGREEMENT, TRIMBLEFURNISHES THE PRODUCTS AND SOFTWAREAS-IS, WITH NO WARRANTY, EXPRESS ORIMPLIED, AND THERE IS EXPRESSLYEXCLUDED THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OFMERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR APARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE STATED EXPRESSWARRANTIES ARE IN LIEU OF ALLOBLIGATIONS OR LIABILITIES ON THE PARTOF TRIMBLE ARISING OUT OF, OR INCONNECTION WITH, ANY PRODUCTS ORSOFTWARE. SOME STATES ANDJURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW LIMITATIONSON DURATION OF AN IMPLIED WARRANTY, SOTHE ABOVE LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TOYOU.

Limitation of Liability

TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BYAPPLICABLE LAW, TRIMBLE SHALL NOT BELIABLE TO YOU FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL,OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY KINDOR UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCE OR LEGALTHEORY RELATING IN ANY WAY TO THEPRODUCTS OR SOFTWARE, REGARDLESSWHETHER TRIMBLE HAS BEEN ADVISED OFTHE POSSIBILITY OF ANY SUCH LOSS ANDREGARDLESS OF THE COURSE OF DEALINGWHICH DEVELOPS OR HAS DEVELOPEDBETWEEN YOU AND TRIMBLE. BECAUSE SOMESTATES AND JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOWTHE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITYFOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTALDAMAGES, THE ABOVE LIMITATION MAY NOTAPPLY TO YOU.

IN ANY CASE, TRIMBLE'S SOLE LIABILITY,AND YOUR SOLE REMEDY UNDER OR FORBREACH OF THIS AGREEMENT, WILL BELIMITED TO THE REFUND OF THE PURCHASEPRICE OR LICENSE FEE PAID FOR THEPRODUCTS OR SOFTWARE.

ContentsPlease See Volume 1 for Chapters 1–10

About This ManualRelated Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxTechnical Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiYour Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiDocument Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxii

1 IntroductionIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Key Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Using the Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Trimble Geomatics Office Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Folder Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

2 Using the Trimble Geomatics Office SoftwareIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Starting the Trimble Geomatics Office Software . . . . . . . . . . . . 10The Trimble Geomatics Office Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

The Project Bar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12The Status Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

The Survey View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Other Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

The Plan View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

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ToolTips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Shortcut Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Pointers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Exiting the Trimble Geomatics Office Software . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

3 Setting up a ProjectIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Creating a Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Opening an Existing Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Changing the Project Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Changing the Project Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Selecting a Coordinate System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Selecting the Project Units and Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Setting up a Project for Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Changing the Reporting Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Changing the Recomputation Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Deleting a Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Copying a Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Using Project Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Selecting a Template for a Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Creating a Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

4 Using a Coordinate SystemIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40The Coordinate System Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Using Geoid Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Geoid Grid (*.ggf) Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Using a Geoid Model to Determine the Elevation for

GPS Points. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Selecting a Geoid Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Viewing the Current Coordinate System Details . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

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Changing the Coordinate System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Selecting a Coordinate System from the Coordinate System

wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Selecting a Coordinate System in a Survey Controller (*.dc) File 52Using a Scale Factor-Only Coordinate System . . . . . . . . . 54Using a Default Transverse Mercator Projection . . . . . . . . 55

Saving the Current Coordinate System as a Site . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Ground Coordinate Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Entering Project Location Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Setting the Ground Scale Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

5 Importing ASCII Data Files into the Trimble Geomatics OfficeSoftwareIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Importing ASCII Data Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Using Custom ASCII Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Events That May Occur When Importing Data Files . . . . . . . . . . 69

Managing Duplicate Points When Importing Data . . . . . . . 70Resolving Duplicate Points in the Database . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Import Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73The Project Details Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74The Messages Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74The Recompute Report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Example: Importing a PacSoft File Containing Control Points. . . . . 75

6 Transferring Files to the Trimble Survey Controller SoftwareIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78Transferring Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Survey Controller (*.dc) Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80Geoid Grid (*.ggf) Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Subgridding a Geoid Grid (*.ggf) File from an Existing GeoidGrid File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Transferring an Existing Geoid Grid (*.ggf) File . . . . . . . . 88

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Combined Datum Grid (*.cdg) Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89Creating a Combined Datum Grid (*.cdg) File . . . . . . . . . 89Transferring an Existing Combined Datum Grid (*.cdg) File . . 94

Feature and Attribute Library (*.fcl) Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96Data Dictionary (*.ddf) Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98Digital Terrain Model (*.dtx) Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Antenna Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101UK National Grid Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

7 Importing Survey Data into the Trimble Geomatics OfficeSoftwareIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106Importing Survey Controller (*.dc) Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Importing .dc Files from the Trimble Survey ControllerSoftware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Importing .dc Files on Your Computer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109Events That May Occur When Importing .dc Files . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Messages and Dialogs That May Appear During Import . . . . 112Trimble Survey Controller Classes and How They

Are Imported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114Qualities Assigned to Coordinates from the Trimble

Survey Controller Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116Qualities Assigned to Observations from the Trimble

Survey Controller Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117Managing Duplicate Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Importing Trimble GPS Data (*.dat) Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118Importing .dat Files from the Trimble Survey Controller

Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118Importing .dat Files from a Trimble GPS Receiver . . . . . . . 119Importing .dat Files from Your Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

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Events That May Occur When Importing .dat Files . . . . . . . . . . 125Messages and Dialogs That May Appear During Import . . . . 125How the Trimble Geomatics Office Software Assigns Qualities

to Imported Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126Managing Points with Duplicate Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

Importing RINEX Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129Importing NGS Data Sheet Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130Importing Digital Level Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Digital Level Import Dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132Editing Starting Point Elevations Before Importing . . . . . . . 134

Import Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136The Project Details Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137The Messages Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137The Recompute Report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

8 Using the Graphics Window and Selecting EntitiesIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140Using the Trimble Geomatics Office Graphics Window to

View a Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140Using the Zoom Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141Labeling Points. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142Using View Filters in the Survey View . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143Viewing Survey Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146Viewing Grid Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147Setting the Color Scheme in the Graphics Window . . . . . . . 148Viewing Background Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

Selecting Entities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151Selecting All or None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152Selecting Entities Using the Mouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152Selecting Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153Selecting Observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158Selecting Duplicate Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161Selecting Staked Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

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Selecting Calibration Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163Selecting Entities in the Plan View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163Selecting Entities Using Wildcards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165Selecting Entities Using Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166Using Selection Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

9 Viewing and Editing DataIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172Properties Window Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172Viewing Survey Data in the Properties window . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

Using Pages to View Survey Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175Viewing and Editing Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

Viewing Survey Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177Point Quality Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179Viewing the Point Derivation Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180Entering Coordinates for a Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182Viewing Stakeout Information for a Point . . . . . . . . . . . . 186Viewing CAD Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189Renaming Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

Viewing Observations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191GPS Observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191Conventional Observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194Level Observations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196Laser Rangefinder Observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197Azimuth Observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199Reduced Observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

Viewing Erroneous Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202GPS Loop Closures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

Editing Survey Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206Changing the Status of Observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206Reversing the Direction of Observations . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

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Editing Multiple Entities at One Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209Editing the Survey-Related Properties of Selected Entities . . . 211Editing the CAD-Related Properties of Selected Entities . . . . 213

Using the Data Analysis Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214Viewing the Inverse Between Two Points . . . . . . . . . . . . 214Measuring Positions Within the Graphics Window . . . . . . . 217

Viewing Note Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218Viewing CAD Entities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

Linework (Lines, Arcs, Curves) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220Annotations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

10 GPS Site CalibrationIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224Selecting the Calibration Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

Computing a Datum Transformation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226Updating Default Projection Origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227Computing a Horizontal Adjustment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227Computing a Vertical Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

Selecting the Calibration Point Pairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229Selecting Calibration Point Pairs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230

Computing the Calibration Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232Analyzing the Calibration Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233Viewing a Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

Calibration Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235Applying the Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239Using a GPS Site Calibration in Future Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

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11 Feature Code ProcessingIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314Feature and Attribute Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315Transferring a Feature and Attribute Library to the Trimble

Survey Controller Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315Transferring the Survey Controller (*.dc) File to a Trimble

Geomatics Office Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316Processing Feature Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316

Undoing Feature Code Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318The Feature Code Processing Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319

12 Using the Plan ViewIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

Selecting Entities in a Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324Creating New Layers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324Editing Existing Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325Deleting Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326Creating Layers Using the Feature and Attribute Editor Utility . 326

CAD Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327Creating CAD Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327Editing Existing CAD Styles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330Deleting CAD Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330Creating CAD Styles Using the Feature and Attribute

Editor Utility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331Annotation Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331

Creating Annotation Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332Editing Annotation Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335Deleting Annotation Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335Creating Annotation Templates Using the Feature and

Attribute Editor Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336

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13 Adding Entities to the ProjectIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338Adding Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338

Adding Points by Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338Adding Points by Azimuth and Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . 341

Adding and Editing Azimuth Observations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344Adding Linework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

Adding Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345Adding Arcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348Adding Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350

Adding Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352Adding Annotations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354Cutting, or Copying, and Pasting Entities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355

14 Reporting on the ProjectIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358Additional Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

Points Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359Stakeout Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360

Level Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362Report Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363

15 Exporting to Third-Party Software FormatsIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366Export Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366Exporting to a Third-Party Software Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370Exporting NGS Bluebook Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372Exporting Using the Trimble Data Exchange Format . . . . . . . . . 374

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Contents

16 Using Attributes in the Trimble Geomatics Office SoftwareIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378Defining Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378Setting up a Project for Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381Exporting a Feature and Attribute Library to the Trimble Survey

Controller Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383Collecting Attribute Information in the Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383Importing a Data Collector (*.dc) File Containing Attributes . . . . . 384Using Data Dictionary (*.ddf) Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385

Using Data Dictionary (*.ddf) Files for Defining Attributes . . 385Setting up a Project for Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385Exporting a Data Dictionary (*.ddf) File to the Trimble Survey

Controller Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385Managing Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386

Viewing Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386Editing Attribute Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387Adding Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388Deleting Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389

Cutting, or Copying, and Pasting Points with Attributes . . . . . . . . 389Reporting Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391

Creating a Custom Report Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391Selecting Points to Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395Running the Custom Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395

Exporting Attributes to an ASCII Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396Exporting Features and Attributes to a Geographic Information

System (GIS) Format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397GIS Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397Exporting Data to a GIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397

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Contents

17 UtilitiesIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400Trimble Data Transfer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401

Using the Data Transfer Utility from the Trimble GeomaticsOffice Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401

Using the Standalone Data Transfer Utility . . . . . . . . . . . 402Setting Up Devices Using the Data Transfer Utility . . . . . . . 402Managing Your Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409

Coordinate System Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410When to Use the Coordinate System Manager Utility . . . . . . 410Using the Coordinate System Manager Utility . . . . . . . . . 411Using the Coordinate System Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419

Symbol Editor and Line Type Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420When to Use the Symbol Editor or the Line Type Editor

Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420Using the Symbol Editor and Line Type Editor Utilities . . . . 421Using Symbols and Line Types in the Trimble Geomatics

Office Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423Feature and Attribute Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

When to Use the Feature and Attribute Editor Utility . . . . . . 425Using the Feature and Attribute Editor Utility . . . . . . . . . . 426Using a Feature and Attribute Library in the Trimble

Geomatics Office Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443DC File Editor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444

When to Use the DC File Editor Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444QuickPlan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446

When to Use the QuickPlan Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446Before Using the QuickPlan Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447Using the QuickPlan Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448Exiting the QuickPlan Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455

Convert to RINEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455When to Use the Convert to RINEX Utility . . . . . . . . . . . 455Selecting Folders and Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456

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Contents

Configuring the RINEX Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457Using the Header Field Override Dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . 461

Using the Controls Dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463Creating the RINEX Conversion File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464

A1 Viewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465Files Supported by the A1 Viewer Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . 465

Grid Factory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467NGS Antenna Models. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468

A Custom Import, Export, and Report FormatsIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470Field Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470

Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472Other Field Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472

Custom Formats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474Format Header . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474Format Body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474Format Footer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474Custom Format Definition Dialogs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475

Creating an Export Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477

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Contents

B RecomputationIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484How a Recomputation Determines the Calculated Positions for

Observed Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485How a Recomputation Determines Potential Starting Points . . 487How a Recomputation Determines the Position and Quality

for all Potential Starting Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488How a Recomputation Uses the Component Qualities to

Determine the Current Starting Point . . . . . . . . . . . 492How a Recomputation Applies Observations from the

Current Starting Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494GPS Observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494Conventional and Laser Rangefinder Observations . . . . . . . 496How Delta Elevations are Applied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499An Example of a Recomputation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500

How a Recomputation Uses Multiple Observations and Coordinatesfor a Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502Multiple Observations to a Point. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502Multiple Observations to Sideshot Points . . . . . . . . . . . . 503Multiple Observations and Meaning Coordinates . . . . . . . . 504Multiple Observations to Traverse Points . . . . . . . . . . . . 508Points with Keyed-in Coordinates and Observations . . . . . . 509

How a Recomputation Determines the Quality of Observed Points . . 510Autonomous Base Position for Real-Time Kinematic Surveys . 511

Points Moved or Adjusted Using the Trimble Geomatics OfficeSoftware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512

Project Height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513

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Contents

Using the Recompute Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513The Project Details Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515The Errors and Warnings Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515The Point Derivations Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516The Starting Points Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518The Traverse Report Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519The Survey Data Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520

Glossary

Index

xvii i Trimble Geomatics Office User Guide – Volume 2

About This ManualWelcome to the Trimble Geomatics Office User Guide. This manualdescribes how to install, set up, and use the Trimble Geomatics Officesoftware. The Trimble Geomatics Office™ software lets you processthe fieldwork from the Trimble Survey Controller™ software.

Even if you have used other Global Positioning System (GPS)products before, Trimble recommends that you spend some timereading this manual to learn about the special features of this product.

If you are not familiar with GPS, visit our web site for an interactivelook at Trimble and GPS at:

• www.trimble.com

Trimble assumes that you are familiar with Microsoft Windows andknow how to use a mouse, select options from menus and dialogs,make selections from lists, and refer to online help.

The following sections provide you with a guide to this manual, aswell as to other documentation that you may have received with thisproduct.

Trimble Geomatics Office User Guide – Volume 2 xix

About This Manual

Related InformationOther manuals in this set include:

• Trimble Geomatics Office – DTMLink User Guide

This manual describes how to set up and use the DTMLink™software. This software is a powerful tool for creating newsurfaces and editing previously created surfaces.

• Trimble Geomatics Office – RoadLink User Guide

This manual introduces you to the RoadLink™ software. TheRoadLink software is part of the Trimble Geomatics Officesoftware. It is a powerful reduction and processing package thatcalculates cut and fill volumes for earthworks between the roaddesign and the Contour Surface Model.

• Trimble Geomatics Office – WAVE Baseline Processing UserGuide

This manual describes how to set up and use the WAVE™Baseline Processing module, if you have this module installed.This module lets you process raw GPS field data collected usingstatic, FastStatic, or kinematic survey techniques.

• Trimble Geomatics Office – Network Adjustment User Guide

This manual describes how to set up and use the TrimbleNetwork Adjustment module, if you have this module installed.This module lets you adjust your GPS survey data to estimateand reduce the inherent errors.

As well as being supplied in hardcopy, these manuals are alsoavailable in portable document format (PDF). These are available onthe Trimble Geomatics Office CD.

Other sources of related information are:

• Help – the software has built-in, context-sensitive help that letsyou quickly find the information you need. You can access itfrom the Help menu, by clicking the Help button in a dialog, orby pressing [F1].

xx Trimble Geomatics Office User Guide – Volume 2

About This Manual

• Release notes – the release notes describe new features of theproduct, information not included in the manuals, and anychanges to the manuals. They are provided as a PDF file on theCD. Use Adobe Acrobat Reader to view the contents of therelease notes.

• ftp.trimble.com – use the Trimble FTP site to send files or toreceive files such as software patches, utilities, servicebulletins, and FAQs. Alternatively, access the FTP site from theTrimble web site at www.trimble.com/support/support.htm.

• Trimble training courses – consider a training course to helpyou use your GPS system to its fullest potential. For moreinformation, visit the Trimble web site atwww.trimble.com/support/training.htm.

Technical AssistanceIf you have a problem and cannot find the information you need in theproduct documentation, contact your local Distributor. Alternatively,do one of the following:

• Request technical support using the Trimble web site atwww.trimble.com/support/support.htm

• Send an e-mail to [email protected].

Your CommentsYour feedback about the supporting documentation helps us toimprove it with each revision. To forward your comments, do one ofthe following:

• Send an e-mail to [email protected].

• Complete the Reader Comment Form at the back of this manualand mail it according to the instructions at the bottom of theform.

Trimble Geomatics Office User Guide – Volume 2 xxi

About This Manual

If the reader comment form is not available, send comments andsuggestions to the address in the front of this manual. Please mark itAttention: Technical Publications Group.

Document ConventionsThe document conventions are as follows:

Convention Definition

Italics Identifies software menus, menu commands,dialog boxes, and the dialog box fields.

Helvetica Narrow Represents messages printed on the screen.

Helvetica Bold Identifies a software command button, orrepresents information that you must type in asoftware screen or window.

“Select Italics / Italics” Identifies the sequence of menus, commands, ordialog boxes that you must choose in order toreach a given screen.

[Ctrl] Is an example of a hardware function key that youmust press on a personal computer (PC). If youmust press more than one of these at the sametime, this is represented by a plus sign, forexample, [Ctrl]+[C].

xxii Trimble Geomatics Office User Guide – Volume 2

C H A P T E R

11
11 Feature Code Processing
In this chapter:

■ Introduction

■ Feature and attribute libraries

■ Transferring a feature and attribute library to the Trimble SurveyController software

■ Transferring the Survey Controller (*.dc) file to a Trimble GeomaticsOffice project

■ Processing feature codes

■ The Feature Code Processing report


11.1IntroductionFeature code processing involves processing feature codes collected inthe field so that you can generate survey plans, or assign styles topoints before exporting them. Depending on the feature codes you use,when you process feature codes the Trimble Geomatics Office™software automatically does the following:

• Assigns styles to points

• Joins points together with straight or curved lines using linestyles

• Annotates entities using annotation styles

• Adds points created by control codes

The procedure for using and processing feature codes involves severalsteps.

Firstly, you create a Feature and Attribute Library (*.fcl) file. Formore information, see Chapter 16, Using Attributes in the TrimbleGeomatics Office Software. This file contains details about how eachfeature code should be processed.

Secondly, you do one of the following:

• In the field, use the Trimble Survey Controller™ software tocollect feature codes; that is, transfer the feature and attributelibrary to the Trimble Survey Controller software, enter featurecodes in the Trimble Survey Controller, and then transfer theTrimble Survey Controller (*.dc) file to the Trimble GeomaticsOffice software.

• In the Trimble Geomatics software, enter feature codes in theProperties window. For more information, see Chapter 9,Viewing and Editing Data.

Finally, you process the feature codes using the Feature and AttributeLibrary (*.fcl) file that you created at the beginning.

For information about attributes, see Chapter 16, Using Attributes inthe Trimble Geomatics Office Software.

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Feature Code Processing 11

11.2Feature and Attribute LibrariesTo process feature codes in a project, you need to select a feature andattribute library. A feature and attribute library contains proceduresthat define:

• feature codes

• point, line, and annotation styles

• control codes

You can use any Feature and Attribute Library (*.fcl) file to processfeature codes. You can also use a feature code library from theTRIMMAP™ software.

To create and edit feature and attribute libraries, use the Feature andAttribute Editor™ utility. For information on how to create a featureand attribute library, see Defining Attributes, page 378, or refer to theFeature and Attribute Editor Help.

11.3Transferring a Feature and Attribute Library to theTrimble Survey Controller Software

When you measure a point in the field, you assign feature codes froma predefined list. To create this list in the Trimble Survey Controllersoftware, transfer a feature and attribute library from the TrimbleGeomatics Office software. This ensures that the same codes are usedby all of the field crews so that when you combine all of the field workinto one project, feature codes are consistent.

Using a feature and attribute library also saves time. You do not haveto type all of the codes in, you can simply select the appropriatefeature codes from the list.

Note – A feature code does not have to come from the list; you canenter any code. If you use the Properties window in the TrimbleGeomatics Office software to enter feature codes, enter them using thekeyboard; you cannot select them from a list.

Trimble Geomatics Office User Guide – Volume 2 315


For information on transferring a feature and attribute library to theTrimble Survey Controller software, see Feature and Attribute Library(*.fcl) Files, page 96.

For information on using feature codes with the Trimble SurveyController software, refer to the Trimble Survey Controllerdocumentation.

11.4Transferring the Survey Controller (*.dc) File to aTrimble Geomatics Office Project

After you complete your field work, transfer the Survey Controller(*.dc) file to a project.

For information on transferring a Survey Controller (*.dc) file to theTrimble Geomatics Office software, see Importing Survey Controller(*.dc) Files, page 106.

When you transfer a .dc file into your project, the Trimble GeomaticsOffice software automatically creates a selection set with the samename. Use this selection set when you process feature codes.

11.5Processing Feature CodesYou can process any points that have feature codes assigned to them.When you process feature codes assigned to points collected in thefield, process them using the same feature and attribute library thatyou transferred to the Trimble Survey Controller software. If you didnot use a library to enter feature codes in the field, create a feature andattribute library that contains all of the feature codes that you used inthe field.



To process feature codes:

1. In the Plan view, select Tools / Process Feature Codes. Thefollowing dialog appears:

2. In the Feature and attribute library group, click Browse. TheBrowse dialog appears.

3. Locate and select the feature and attribute library with whichyou want to process feature codes. This is usually the libraryyou transferred to the Trimble Survey Controller software.

4. Click Open.

5. In the Process group, select the Selection set option.

6. Select the selection set with the same name as the .dc file youimported.

It is important to choose a selection set created from theimported .dc file. This ensures that the points are processed inthe order in which they are collected. If you select points usingany other selection method, unexpected feature code processingcan occur.

7. Click OK to start processing feature codes.

The results of the feature code processing appear on the screen. Thesoftware records any errors or warnings in a feature code-processingreport. The report is called FCpro.html, and is stored in the Reportsfolder of the project.



If a feature code uses a CAD style (for example, a point style) that isdefined in the feature and attribute library, the style is created in thesoftware. If the style already exists in the software, the style from thelibrary overwrites it.

To view or edit CAD styles in the Trimble Geomatics Office software:

• Select Edit / Styles.

11.5.1 Undoing Feature Code Processing

If the result of the feature code processing is not what you expect, youcan undo it.

To do this:

• Select Edit / Undo.

To determine the cause of error in the feature code processing, checkthat:

• styles are defined correctly

• points were correctly coded in the field

• the correct selection set is being used

• control codes have been used correctly

• any styles in the Trimble Geomatics Office software that areoverwritten by styles in the library with the same name

For feature code processing troubleshooting tips, refer to the topicFeature Codes – Common Errors in the Help.



11.6The Feature Code Processing ReportWhen feature codes are processed, the Trimble Geomatics Officesoftware creates a Feature Code Processing report (FCpro.html). Thereport can be viewed in your default HTML viewer. The Feature CodeProcessing report lists:

• the selection set used

• the feature and attribute library used

• any codes that were not processed

Use the report to examine any problems that occurred during featurecode processing. For example, if a point in the selection set has afeature code that is not in the feature and attribute library, the reportdisplays the following point details:

Point : 6 (no match found in feature code and attribute library—not processed)

You need to fix any errors in the feature and attribute library andprocess feature codes again.

Note – If the feature code processing adds new entities to thedatabase, (for example, a line) delete these entities or undo the featurecode processing (select Edit / Undo) before processing feature codesagain. Otherwise, multiple entities will be added on top of oneanother.

B Tip – You can process feature codes using a selection if you are sure thepoints are selected in the right order, and that the codes on the points donot rely on selection order. For example, you can process all points withthe code tree once you have added tree to the feature code library.

In File / Project Properties / Reporting / View generated report, youcan choose the way that you are notified that a system-generatedreport is available.



You can choose:

• for the report to automatically appear on the screen

• for the report to automatically appear on error

• to be prompted that a report is available

• to be prompted that a report is available on error

For information on changing this option, see Changing the ReportingOptions, page 31.

To locate and open a report at any time:

1. In Windows Explorer, locate the report in the Reports folder ofthe Trimble Geomatics Office project.

2. Double-click the report.

The report opens in the HTML viewer.


C H A P T E R

12
12 Using the Plan View
In this chapter:

■ Introduction

■ Layers

■ CAD styles

■ Annotation templates


12.1IntroductionThis chapter introduces layers, CAD styles, and annotation templatesin the Plan view. It also shows you how to create, edit, and deletethem.

Layers organize data into different groups. CAD styles define howpoint, line, arc, annotation, and text entities are displayed in the Planview. Annotation templates let you you assign text to points, lines, andarcs.

For information about adding entities, see Chapter 13, Adding Entitiesto the Project.

12.2LayersA layer consists of a name, point style, line style, and text style. Youcan use layers to filter and organize data so that you can view differentcategories of data in your project. Organizing data into layers makes iteasier to manage, for example, you can place all tree points in a layernamed Trees. The default layer is used for all entities, unless you haveadded new layers to the project.

All entities (points, lines, arcs, curves, text, and annotations) have aLayer field.

To select the layer for an entity, use one of the following methods:

• When adding an entity to the project, select the layer from theLayer field in the appropriate dialog.

• Use feature code processing. For more information, seeCreating Layers Using the Feature and Attribute Editor Utility,page 326.

• To select the layer for existing entities in the project, use theProperties window.

• To select the current layer for the project, use the LayerSelection tool.


Using the Plan View 12

Any entities that you add to the project, but which do not have a layerdefined, are added to the current layer.

You can also use the Layer Selection tool to specify which layers youcan see and select. Any changes that you make using this tool areupdated in the Layers dialog, as shown below:

The Layers dialog lets you manage the layers for the project. Use it tocreate, edit, and delete layers in the project; and to select the currentlayer. You can also use the Layers dialog to specify which layers youcan see and select, and which CAD styles are to be used for a layer.

If a point has <By Layer> selected in the Point style field, the pointstyle specified for the layer is assigned to the point. If a line, curve, orarc has <By Layer> selected in the Line style field, the line stylespecified for the layer is assigned to the line, curve, or arc. Similarly, ifa text or annotation has <By Layer> selected in the Text style field, thetext style specified for the layer is assigned to the text or annotation.



12.2.1 Selecting Entities in a Layer

To select entities in a chosen layer:

• Choose Select / By Layer. The following dialog appears:

12.2.2 Creating New Layers

To create a layer in the Trimble Geomatics Office software:

1. In the Plan view, do one of the following:

– Select Edit / Layers.

– Click the Edit Layers tool.

The following dialog appears:



2. Click New. A new row appears in the dialog.

3. In the Name column, enter a unique name for the layer.

4. In the Point Style, Line Style, and Text Style fields, select defaultstyles from the available lists. The lists of styles are the same asthose in the Point Styles, Line Styles, and Text Styles tabs in theCAD Styles dialog.

Any entities that have their style fields set to <By Layer> aredisplayed according to this field.

5. To lock the layer, select the check box in the Locked field.When a layer is locked, you cannot select entities in the layer byclicking or using the commands in the Select menu. You alsocannot edit or view them using the Properties window.

The icon appears in the status bar when one or more layershave the Locked check box selected.

6. To hide entities in the layer, clear the check box in the Visiblefield. Hidden entities are not selected if you use any of theSelect commands.

7. Click OK to add the new layer to the project.

12.2.3 Editing Existing Layers

You can edit the properties of a default layer at any time. An entity canuse the styles from the layer or its own styles.

To edit an existing layer:


– Select Edit / Layers.

– Click the Edit Layers tool.

The Layers dialog appears.

2. Select the style of the layer that you want to edit.

3. Select the new value from the list and click OK.



The software saves your changes in the project.

Note – If you have entities in the project that have <By layer> selectedfor the Point Style, Line Style, or Text Style fields, and you change thelayer’s default value, then entities that have <By Layer> are updatedwith the new setting.

12.2.4 Deleting Layers

To delete a layer at any time:

1. In the Plan view, select Edit / Layers. The Layers dialogappears.

2. Select the appropriate layer and click Delete. If there are anyentities (points, lines, arcs, curves, text, or annotations) in thelayer, a dialog appears. Do one of the following:

– To delete the layer and all entities in the layer, click Yes.

– To cancel the deletion of the layer, click No.

3. Click OK.

The software deletes the layer from the project.

12.2.5 Creating Layers Using the Feature and Attribute EditorUtility

A feature and attribute library can have instructions to put thefollowing entities into layers:

• Features

• Annotations

Use the Feature and Attribute Editor utility to create feature andattribute libraries. When you create a feature code or an annotationstyle, select the layer that the entity is added to. If the layer does notexist in the project, a new layer is created.



12.3CAD StylesCAD styles consist of the following:

You can define styles in a project template, a project, or a feature andattribute library. The CAD styles available in a new project are thesame as the styles in the template used to create the project.

Project templates in the Trimble Geomatics Office software containstandard point styles based on the symbols in the Symbols.sym file.The templates also have a line style for each line type in the standardLinetype.ltp file.

In the software, you can create, edit, and delete CAD styles. You canalso create CAD styles, using the Feature and Attribute Editor utility.

To assign CAD styles to entities in the project, use one of thefollowing:

• The Properties window

• Feature code processing

12.3.1 Creating CAD Styles

This section shows you, by example, how to use the TrimbleGeomatics Office software to create a CAD style for a point. If youwant to create a CAD style for lines or text, the procedure isessentially the same.

Every point in the project has a point style. You can create point stylesto specify how points are displayed in the Plan view of the graphicswindow. A point style consists of a point symbol and the settings thatconfigure the appearance of the point symbol. For more information,see Symbol Editor and Line Type Editor, page 420.

This style ... defines how these entities are displayed ...

Point points

Line lines, curves, and arcs

Text text and annotations



To create a point style:

1. In the Plan view, select Edit / Styles. The following dialogappears:

2. In the Point styles tab, click New. The following dialog appears:



3. Complete the Create Point Style dialog using information inTable 12.1.

Table 12.1 Items in the Create Point Style dialog

Field Description

Name Enter a unique name for the new point style.

Symbol Select the required symbol. To view, add, or edit a symbol, use the SymbolEditor™ utility. For more information, see Symbol Editor and Line TypeEditor, page 420.

Color Select the color required for the symbol. If no color is selected, the defaultsetting is Microsoft Windows’ Window text setting. If you have the defaultbackground set in the General tab of the Project Properties dialog, whenyou are plotting points this window defaults to black. If you have the blacksetting, it defaults to white.

Diameter Enter the diameter required for the symbol. The interpretation of this fielddepends on the setting of the Dimensions field. The units for the Diameterfield change depending on whether the Dimensions group is set to thePaper option or the Ground option.

For some symbols (such as Dot) the diameter is not applicable so the field isunavailable.

Rotation Use this field to control the orientation of the symbol. The interpretation ofthis field depends on the Dimensions setting.

If the Dimensions option is set to Paper, the symbol is oriented relative tothe top of the page.

If the Dimensions option is set to Ground, the symbol is oriented relative tonorth.

Dimensions Use this group to control the operation of the Diameter and Rotation fields. Ifthe Paper option is selected, the diameter value of the symbol controls thesize of the symbol as it would appear on paper.

The representation of the paper units on the screen is calculated using thespecified plot scale from the menu File / Sheet setup.

If the Ground option is selected, the diameter value of the symbol is the sizein the field. The size of the symbol plotted depends on the scale of the plot.



12.3.2 Editing Existing CAD Styles

You can edit an existing CAD style at any time. If you edit a CADstyle that is currently being used by an entity (point, line, arc, curve,annotation, or text) in the project, the entity is updated with the newCAD style settings.

To edit an existing CAD style:

1. In the Plan view, select Edit / Styles. The CAD Styles dialogappears.

2. In the appropriate tab, select the CAD style that you want to editand click Edit.

3. Use the dialog that appears to specify the CAD style settingsand then click OK. The CAD Styles dialog returns.

4. Click Close.

12.3.3 Deleting CAD Styles

You can delete any CAD styles that are not currently referenced by anentity in the project.

To delete a CAD style:

1. In the Plan view, select Edit / Styles. The CAD Styles dialogappears.

2. In the appropriate tab, select the CAD style that you want todelete and click Delete.



12.3.4 Creating CAD Styles Using the Feature and Attribute EditorUtility

You can also create point and line styles in feature and attributelibraries using the Feature and Attribute Editor utility. The new CADstyles appear in the Trimble Geomatics Office software after youprocess the feature and attribute library in which they are defined. Youcan then view CAD styles created by the library in the CAD Stylesdialog. These new settings from the library overwrite any existingCAD style that has the same name.

For information on creating CAD styles in the Trimble Feature andAttribute Editor utility, refer to the topic Point Styles – Overview inthe Trimble Feature and Attribute Editor Help.

12.4Annotation TemplatesAnnotations are text associated with entities (points, lines, and arcs).The text that appears is defined by an annotation template. Annotationtemplates define:

• the entity types that are annotated when the template is used

• the actual text that appears

• the position of the annotation in relation to the entity

For information about adding annotations to the project, see AddingAnnotations, page 354.

Annotation templates can contain combinations of user-defined textand field codes. Field codes are expanded whenever the field beingannotated changes. For example, if a point is annotated with itselevation, and the elevation for the point changes, the annotation isupdated.

Trimble supplies some predefined annotation templates for you.



To view annotation templates:


– Select Edit / Annotation Templates.

– Select Insert / Annotations and then click Templates.


2. From the Annotation templates list, select the annotationtemplate that you want to view and click Edit. The AnnotationTemplate dialog appears. You can view the annotationtemplate’s details.

3. Click Cancel to return to the Annotation Templates dialog.

4. Click Close.

12.4.1 Creating Annotation Templates

To create an annotation template using the Trimble Geomatics Officesoftware:


– Select Edit / Annotation Templates.

– Select Insert / Annotations, and then click Templates.

The Annotation Templates dialog appears.



2. Click New. The following dialog appears.

3. Use the information in Table 12.2 to complete the Settings tab.

Table 12.2 Items in the Settings tab

Field Description

Name Enter a name for the annotation template.

Text style Select a text style for the annotation text. If you enter a text style thatdoes not exist, the Create Text Style dialog appears. Use this dialog todefine a new text style. If you select the <By Layer> option, the text styleis based on the text style setting for the layer the annotation is added to.

Point annotationorientation

Enter the point annotation orientation you require. You can use anyorientation from 00°00'00" to 360°00'00". The default is 90°00'00".



4. Select the Points tab. Use this tab to specify the text that youwant to appear with points annotated using this template.

You can annotate a point with any combination of four defaultpositions; Left, On, Right, or Floating. A floating annotation islinked to the point but clear of it.

B Tip – After you insert an annotation, you can move it from a defaultposition in the graphics window. Use the mouse to drag the annotation toa more suitable location. The annotation is still linked to the point.

The text in each location can have a maximum of 100alphanumeric characters. The annotations in each location canconsist of user-defined text and field codes.

To access the available field codes:

– Right-click to access the shortcut menu, and select Fields.

The field codes extract details from the project. For example,the field code [Name] annotates a point with its name. For moreinformation, refer to the topic Field Codes – Overview in theHelp.

Layer Place in

To place the annotations in a specified layer, select this option. You caneither select from the list of existing layers, or enter a new layer name. Ifyou enter a new layer name, this layer is automatically created when thetemplate is applied.

Place in the current layer

To place the annotations in the current layer, select this option. Thecurrent layer is displayed in the Layer Selection tool in the Plan view, andthe Layers dialog. To access the Layers dialog, select Edit / Layers.

Place in the annotated entity's layer

To place annotations in the same layer as the entity being annotated,select this option.

Table 12.2 Items in the Settings tab (Continued)

Field Description



5. If necessary, specify annotation text for the Lines and Arcs tabsin the same way, and then click OK.

The annotation template is saved and added to the list in theAnnotation Templates dialog.

12.4.2 Editing Annotation Templates

You can edit annotation templates at any time. Any changes you maketo annotation templates that are already used in the project are notupdated.

To edit an annotation template:

1. In the Plan view, select Insert / Annotations. The Annotatedialog appears.

2. Click Templates. The Annotation Templates dialog appears.

3. Select the annotation template that you want to edit and clickEdit. The Annotation Template dialog appears.

4. Use the tabs to change the template settings as required andclick OK. The Annotation Templates dialog returns.

5. Click Close to return to the Annotate dialog.

12.4.3 Deleting Annotation Templates

You can delete annotation templates at any time. If you delete anannotation template that is used to annotate entities in the project, theexisting annotations are not deleted.

To delete an annotation template:

1. In the Plan view, select Insert / Annotations. The Annotatedialog appears.

2. Click Templates. The Annotation Templates dialog appears.

3. Select the appropriate annotation template and click Delete.The template is deleted from the list.



4. Click Close to return to the Annotate dialog.

12.4.4 Creating Annotation Templates Using the Feature andAttribute Editor Utility

You can create annotation templates in feature and attribute librariesusing the Feature and Attribute Editor utility. Annotation templatescreated in feature and attribute libraries do not have a Text style field.When you process feature codes, annotation templates contained inthe feature and attribute library are added to the Trimble GeomaticsOffice software. The standard text style is used. You can view them inthe list of available annotation templates.


C H A P T E R

13
13 Adding Entities to the Project
In this chapter:

■ Introduction

■ Adding points

■ Adding and editing azimuth observations

■ Adding linework

■ Adding text

■ Adding annotations

■ Cutting, or copying, and pasting entities


13.1IntroductionGenerally, you add data to a project by importing files, processingbaselines, and processing feature codes. However, you can also addentities (points, lines, text and point annotations) manually.

This chapter shows you how to add entities using the tools providedby the Trimble Geomatics Office software.

Note – Although you can add points in both views, you can only addlines, curves, arcs, text, and annotations in the Plan view.

13.2Adding PointsPoints are the main focus of a Trimble Geomatics Office project. Youcan add them to a project by importing a data file, or by using theInsert Points or Insert points by Azimuth and Distance dialogs.

For information about imported data files, see Chapter 7, ImportingSurvey Data into the Trimble Geomatics Office Software andChapter 5, Importing ASCII Data Files into the Trimble GeomaticsOffice Software.

The following sections show you how to use the Insert Points andInsert Points by Azimuth and Distance dialogs.

13.2.1 Adding Points by Coordinates

To manually add points to a project, use the Insert Points dialog. Thisdialog allows you to enter the known coordinates and select qualitiesfor the point.

To access the dialog in the Survey view:

• Select Insert / Point.

To access the dialog in the Plan view, do one of the following:

• Select Insert / Point.

• Click the Insert Points tool.


Adding Entities to the Project 13


The dialog appears with the Grid option selected. If you select theWGS-84 or Local options, the fields in the Coordinate details groupchange.

To enter information in each field, you can use the keyboard or fieldfill-in. Field fill-in automatically enters the information when youclick the chosen point.

B Tip – You can use field fill-in to find an approximate coordinate for thepoint, and then edit the value.



To complete the dialog:

1. In the Name field, enter the point name.

2. Do one of the following:

– If you want to use the Grid option, in the Northing andEasting fields enter the appropriate values.

– If you want to use the WGS-84 or Local options, in theLatitude and Longitude fields enter the appropriate values.

Note – If you set the Display WGS-84 as field in the Units andFormat tab of the Project Properties dialog to X, Y, Z ; theLatitude, Longitude and Height fields in the Coordinate detailsgroup are replaced by X, Y, Z fields respectively.

3. In the Elevation and Height fields, enter the appropriate values.

4. In the Coordinate type field, specify how points are saved in thedatabase.

Note – The coordinate fields can only be edited when theselection in the coordinate type and the coordinate view are thesame.

5. Click the Quality button next to each coordinatecomponent and select the appropriate quality for eachcoordinate.

6. To add the point to the project, go directly to step 11. However,to add CAD properties to the point so that you can use it in thePlan view, continue with step 7.

You add CAD properties to a point, using the fields in the CADdetails group.

B Tip – To add a point along an observation line in the Survey view, or alongany linework in the Plan view, hold the [Ctrl] key while using field fill-in.

7. To add a feature code to the point, in the Feature code field,enter a feature code value, using the keyboard or field fill-in.



8. To add a description for the point, in the Description field, entera description, using the keyboard or field fill-in.

9. In the Layer field, do one of the following:

– Select an existing layer from the list.

– Enter a new layer using the keyboard. To create a newlayer, complete the New Layer dialog that appears.

– Enter a new layer using field fill-in. The layer value forthat point appears in the field.

10. In the Point style field, do one of the following:

– Select an existing point style from the list.

– Enter a new point style using the keyboard. The CreatePoint Style dialog appears.

– Enter a new point style using field fill-in. The point stylevalue for that point appears in the field.

11. To add the point, click Insert.

12. Click Close.

13.2.2 Adding Points by Azimuth and Distance

If you want to add a point using an azimuth and distance from a plan,use the Insert Points by Azimuth and Distance dialog. To access it, doone of the following:

• In either view, select Insert / Points by Azimuth and Distance.

• In the Plan view, click the Insert point by azimuth anddistance tool.




Enter the appropriate information in the fields:

1. In the Point name field, enter the point name.

2. In the From point field, use the keyboard or field fill-in to enteran existing point name.

3. In the Azimuth (Grid) field, enter an azimuth value. The formatof this field depends on the option selected in the Azimuth Typegroup.

4. In the Distance (Ellipsoid) field, enter a value. This fielddepends on the setting for the Display distance as field in theUnits and Format tab of the Project Properties dialog. You canspecify a unit of m (meters), ift (international feet), or sft (USsurvey feet). If you do not specify a unit, the current units forthe project are used.



5. In the Delta elevation field, do one of the following:

– If the new point has a lower elevation than the from point,enter a negative value.

– If the point has a greater elevation, enter a positive value.

If you do not specify a unit, the current units for the project areused. If you do not specify a delta elevation, the elevation of thenew point will be null.

This value is added to the elevation of the from point to derivean elevation for the new point.

6. In the Azimuth Type group, select the Grid or Normal SectionFwd option.

7. In the Method group, do one of the following:

– If you want to enter a traverse, select the Sequential optionto automatically put the new point created into the Frompoint field when a new point is added.

– If you want to enter radiations to points from the same frompoint, select the Radial option to keep the from point valuethe same.

8. If you want a line added between the from and new points,select the Join check box. The software adds the line to thecurrent layer and draws it in the default line style for the currentlayer. You can only see this line in the Plan view (provided thecurrent layer has its visible property turned on).

9. To add the point, click Insert.

10. Click Close.



13.3Adding and Editing Azimuth ObservationsTo manually add or edit azimuth observations, use the Insert Azimuthdialog. This dialog lets you enter the azimuth between two points.

To access the dialog in the Survey view:

• Select Insert / Azimuth. The following dialog appears:

To manually add an azimuth observation between two points:

1. Use the keyboard or field fill-in to enter point names in theFrom point and To point fields.

If existing point names are entered, a calculated azimuth valueis shown. If necessary, you can edit this value or its quality.How your azimuth is displayed (that is, as a grid or normalsection forward azimuth), depends on the azimuth view setting.

Note – If the to point does not have a coordinate, the conversionbetween the grid azimuth and the normal section forwardazimuth cannot be calculated, so the azimuth is displayed asnull (?).

2. In the Azimuth Type field, specify how the azimuth is stored inthe database, that is, as a grid or normal section forwardazimuth.

Note – Both the coordinate view and coordinate type settingsmust be the same so that you can edit the coordinate detailsfield.

3. To add the azimuth to the project, click Insert.

4. Click Close.



13.4Adding LineworkIn your project, you can use the Trimble Geomatics Office software toadd CAD linework between points. Lines can define boundaries, forexample, fencelines, buildings, and pipelines.

You can add linework by feature code processing, or by adding linesmanually.

13.4.1 Adding Lines

To manually add a line between two points:


– In the CAD toolbar, click the Insert Linework tool.

– Select Insert / Lines.


2. In the FromPointID field, do one of the following:

– Use field fill-in to select the first point that you want to useto define the line.

– Enter the point name for the first point that you want to useto define the line.



3. In the ToPointID field, complete as for step 2.


– Select the layer to which you want the line added.

– Enter a new layer name to create a new layer.

5. In the Line style field, select the line style that you want to useto display the line.

6. To add the line, click Insert. The point you selected in the ToPoint field appears in the From Point field. You can continueadding lines without having to re-enter the from point.

The line appears in the graphics window (provided the layerthat you selected for the line has its visible property turned on).

7. Click Close.

To view the properties of the line:

• Double-click the line to open the Properties window.

For more information, see Chapter 8, Using the Graphics Window andSelecting Entities.

B Tip – When the From Point field contains a valid point name and you wantto quickly add lines, double-click a point when the To Point field isselected. This accepts the Layer and Line Style fields and adds the line.



Adding linework for observations

Observations in the Survey view do not appear in the Plan view. Tocreate CAD linework from observations, in the Plan view, do thefollowing:

1. Select Insert / Linework for Current Observations. Thefollowing dialog appears:

2. Select or enter a value for the layer from the CAD Layer fieldthat you want to assign to the corresponding observation type inthe Observation type field. Select the (none) option from theCAD Layer field if you do not want to add linework for anobservation type.

3. Click OK. The lines appear in the graphics window (providedthe layer that you selected for the line has its visible propertyturned on) and are placed in the specified layers.

To view the properties of the line:

• Double-click the line to open the Properties window.

For information about selecting and editing entities, see Chapter 8,Using the Graphics Window and Selecting Entities.



13.4.2 Adding Arcs

To add an arc between two points:


– In the CAD toolbar, click the Insert Arcs tool.

– Select Insert / Arcs.


2. To enter values for the From Point ID field and the To Point IDfield, do one of the following:

– Use field fill-in and click the appropriate points.

– Use the keyboard to enter the point name(s).

3. To define the center coordinates for the arc, do one of thefollowing:

– In the Center Point field, enter an existing point name, oruse field fill-in to select an existing point. The coordinatesfor the point are copied to the Center Northing and CenterEasting fields.

– In the Center Northing or Center Easting fields, use fieldfill-in to click a location in the graphics window. Thecoordinates are copied to these fields.



If you enter a center point and center coordinates, the softwareuses the center point.

Note – If the distance between the from point and the centerpoint is different from the distance between the to point and thecenter point, a warning message appears. It displays thedifference between these distances. The arc is still drawn.However, the ends of the arc do not join to the points. This isbecause of the difference in the distances. Straight lines aredrawn from the end of the arc to the points.

4. If you want to create a large arc, in the Small Arc field, selectthe False option. Otherwise, select the True option. There arealways two possible arcs between two points that togetherdefine a circle. This setting defines which arc you want to drawas shown in Figure 13.1.

Figure 13.1 The possible arcs between two points


– Select the layer to which you want the curve added.


6. In the Line Style field, select the line style that you want to useto display the arc.

Large arc

Small arc

Center point



7. To add the arc, click Insert. The arc appears in the graphicswindow (provided the layer you selected for the arc has itsvisible property turned on).

8. Click Close.

To view the properties of the arc:

• Double-click the arc to open the Properties window.


13.4.3 Adding Curves

You can create curves of best fit between points. Use these curves todefine boundaries that are not straight lines, for example, watercourses or tracks.

To add a curve between points:


– In the CAD toolbar, click the Insert Curve tool.

– Select Insert / Curves.




2. To enter values for the From Point and To Point fields, do oneof the following:

– Use field fill-in and click the appropriate points.

– Use the keyboard to enter the point name(s).

3. In the Entry Tangent and Exit Tangent fields, leave the values as<Automatic>. This automatically enters the tangent valuesbased on the lines going into and coming out of the curve whenthey are added in sequence. You can also enter your owntangent values.

4. In the Billow field, enter a numerical value between zero andone. The billow defines how much width there is in the curve.The higher the billow, the larger the curve width.


– Select the layer to which you want the arc added.


6. In the Line Style field, select the line style that you want to useto display the curve.

7. To add the curve, click Insert. The curve appears in the graphicswindow (provided the layer you selected for the curve has itsvisible property turned on). Each time you add a curve from apoint that is used in another curve, the Trimble GeomaticsOffice software recalculates the existing curve to ensure asmooth curve is displayed.

8. Click Close.

To view the properties of the curve:

• Double-click the curve to open the Properties window.




13.5Adding TextYou can add text to the project, for example, you can add text to labelroads.

To add text:


– In the CAD toolbar, click the Insert Text tool.

– Select Insert / Text.


2. In the Text expression field, enter the text that you want to addto the project. You can enter combinations of field codes anduser-defined text.

To access the available field codes:

– Right-click to access the shortcut menu, and then selectFields.

For more information, see Field Codes, page 470.

3. In the Northing and Easting fields, do one of the following:

– Use field fill-in and click a location in the graphicswindow.

– Enter the northing and easting values.



4. In the Orientation field, enter a value to display the text at therequired angle. If you leave it as a question mark (which is thedefault), the software writes the text horizontally in the graphicswindow.

5. In the Anchor Type field, select the location of the text inrelation to the selected coordinates. Figure 13.2 shows thedifferent locations.

Figure 13.2 Location of text in relation to coordinates

6. In the Layer ID field, do one of the following:

– Select the layer to which you want the text added.

– To create a new layer, enter a new layer name.

7. In the Text Style ID field, select a text style from the list. If youselect <By Layer>, the software uses a default text style. This isthe style that is selected for the layer the text is being added to.

8. Click Insert. The text appears in the graphics window (providedthe layer you selected for the text has its visible property turnedon).

8 7 9

3

6

1

45

2



9. Click Close.

To view the properties of the text:

• Double-click the text to open the Properties window.


13.6Adding AnnotationsAnnotations display information about entities and are stored in theproject. (Annotations differ from labels in that labels are not stored inthe project, so you cannot export or report labels. For moreinformation, see Labeling Points, page 142.)

To add annotations to the project:

1. Select Insert / Annotations. The following dialog appears:

2. In the Annotation template field, select the annotation templatethat you want to use. Annotation templates define:

– the text that is displayed

– an annotation’s position in relation to the point, arc, or linebeing annotated

– the layer in which the annotation is placed

For information about defining annotation templates, seeAnnotation Templates, page 331.



3. If necessary, select the Retain existing annotations check box. Ifyou want to delete all existing annotations before adding thenew annotations, clear this check box.

4. In the Annotate group, select the Whole database option toannotate the whole database. If you want to annotate a selection,choose the Selection option. It is only available if there is acurrent selection set. For more information, see SelectingEntities, page 151.

5. Click OK.

The annotations appear in the graphics window (provided the layeryou selected for the annotation template has its visible property turnedon).

To view the properties of an annotation:

• Double-click the annotation to open the Properties window.

For information about selecting and editing entities, see Chapter 8,Using the Graphics Window and Selecting Entities.

13.7Cutting, or Copying, and Pasting EntitiesYou can use the Cut, or Copy, and Paste commands to quickly moveor copy the current selection of data. Do this if you want to copy:

• data between projects (for example, you can copy the controlpoints between projects)

• points with attributes between projects

• CAD work into a report

• data into a project with a different coordinate system (forexample, points from a project with a NAD-27 coordinatesystem can be copied and pasted into a project with a NAD-83coordinate system)



The Trimble Geomatics Office software copies entities into a projectby using the coordinate values associated with them. It also copies thequalities for the points.

When you copy a selection into another software application, all CADinformation (such as lines, point styles, and annotations) of theselection is added to the new application.

To copy, or cut, and paste data:

1. In Select mode, drag a selection box around the entities that youwant to paste.


– Select Edit / Copy or click the Copy tool.

– If you want to move the selection, select Edit / Cut or clickthe Cut tool.

The selection is held in the clipboard.

Note – Each new cut or copy replaces any previous selection.The copy of the selection stays on the clipboard even after youpaste it into a project or another software application.


– To paste the selection in a Trimble Geomatics Officeproject, select Edit / Paste or click the Paste tool.

– To paste the selection in a software application other thanthe Trimble Geomatics Office software, use the pastecommand in the new application.


C H A P T E R

14
14 Reporting on the Project
In this chapter:

■ Introduction

■ Additional reports

■ Level reports

■ Report links


14.1IntroductionThis chapter describes some of the reports that you can create usingthe Trimble Geomatics Office software. The reports providesummaries of projects and give you information that you can pass onto clients.

You can create a report for an entire project or for only a particularselection of entities in the project—before you create the report makeyour selection using one of the techniques described in Chapter 8,Using the Graphics Window and Selecting Entities.

The Trimble Geomatics Office software generates the reports inHyperText Markup Language (HTML) format and displays them onthe default HTML viewer installed on your computer. The softwaresupports the viewing of reports under Microsoft Internet Explorer 4and 5, and Netscape Navigator 4.

A typical project report includes a header containing the followingproject information:

• Project name

• User name

• Date and time

• Coordinate system and zone

• Datum

• Geoid model

• Units

To specify the information that appears in the report, create a customreport format. For more information, see Appendix A, Custom Import,Export, and Report Formats.


Reporting on the Project 14

14.2Additional ReportsThe Trimble Geomatics Office software also provides system databaseand custom reports.

System database reports are predefined report formats that you can useto obtain a summary of the current project. Normally, you do not needto edit these reports. However, you can modify them by editing theAsciirpt.dat file located in the Program Files\Trimble\TrimbleGeomatics Office\System folder.

Custom reports are determined by primary record types or queries thatyou define, and which are in the database. You can create, or edit acustom report format. You can prevent these reports from beingmodified by editing the Asciirpt.dat file located in the ProgramFiles\Trimble\Trimble Geomatics Office\System folder.

To create and view these additional reports:

1. Select Reports / Additional Reports. The Additional Reportsdialog appears.

2. In the Reports list, select the report that you want to view.

Note – Where a report requires user entry, the name is followed by anellipsis (...). If you choose such a report, the Trimble Geomatics Officesoftware asks you to provide the parameters required to run the query.

The Points report and Stakeout report are two examples of customreports.

14.2.1 Points Report

The Points report summarizes the points in the project. To create andview this report, do one of the following:

• Select Reports / Additional Reports. In the Additional Reportsdialog that appears, select the Points option and then click OK.

• In the project bar, select the Trimble Survey group, and thenselect the Points Report option.



Figure 14.1 shows an example of a Points report.

Figure 14.1 Points report

14.2.2 Stakeout Reports

You can generate reports based on stakeout records in the database.For example, the software can report the cuts and fills for all stakedpoints in the database. To create and view a Stakeout report:


2. Select one of the following:

– All Staked Points – As Staked report

– Design Points – As Staked report

– Road – Story board report

– Road – Catch point report

– Road – Point on Road report



3. Click OK.

Figure 14.2 shows an example of the Design Points – As Stakedreport.

Figure 14.2 Design points – As Staked report

These reports can be customized for your particular project. For moreinformation, see Custom Formats, page 474.

B Tip – To select points for your Stakeout report, choose Select / StakedPoints option.



14.3Level ReportThe Level report shows the level observations and data for your Levelfile. It is stored in the <Project name>\Reports\Level folder.

To access the report:

• Select Reports / Level Reports and then the Level file.

The report is displayed in the HTML viewer, as shown in Figure 14.3.

Figure 14.3 Level report

The report shows the following information:

• Leveling data – This section summarizes the informationdisplayed in the Digital Level Import dialog

• Leveling observations – the leveling observations table showsthe following information:

– ID – To point

– From point – Quality

– Delta elevation



B Tip – To select the leveling observation in the graphics window, select theobservation ID. This link lets you easily view the level observation in theProperties window.

14.4Report LinksMany of the reports in the Trimble Geomatics Office software containlinks to:

• other parts of the report

• other reports

• the graphics window

• the Properties window

These links let you find points and investigate erroneous data moreeasily. For example, if you find a misclosure reported in theRecompute report, you can select the relevant point, locate it in thegraphics window, and then investigate it further in the Propertieswindow.

For information on report links in specific reports, refer to the Help.


C H A P T E R

15
15 Exporting to Third-PartySoftware FormatsIn this chapter:
■ Introduction

■ Export formats

■ Exporting to a third-party software format

■ Exporting NGS Bluebook files

■ Exporting using the Trimble Data Exchange Format

15 Exporting to Third-Party Software Formats

15.1IntroductionOnce you complete all processing using the Trimble Geomatics Officesoftware, you can export project data to a third-party format for furtherprocessing or analysis.

This chapter describes the third-party export formats available in thesoftware. It also shows how to export an AutoCAD (*.dwg/*.dxf) file.

15.2Export FormatsAll export formats export points. However, some formats also exportlines and text, for example, AutoCAD and TRIMMAP graphics files.The export formats are organized in the tabs in the Export dialog, asshown below:


Exporting to Third-Party Software Formats 15

The tabs and their uses are described below:

• Survey – to export survey data to a file or data collector.

• CAD / ASCII – to export data to a variety of ASCII and CADformats.

• GIS – to export points and their associated attributes to GISformats.

• Custom – to export data in a custom ASCII format.

To access the formats, do one of the following:

• Select File / Export.

• Click the Export tool.

The Export dialog appears. You can do the following:

• Click Options to configure the version or format of the file toexport. This button is only available if you can configure theselected format.

• Click Change to select the coordinate system for the file to beexported. You only need to use this option if you want to exportcoordinates in a different coordinate system from your project.

You can export selected entities or the whole project. To only exportselected entities, use the Select menu. For more information, seeChapter 8, Using the Graphics Window and Selecting Entities.

You can also select the order in which points are exported by using thesort data option.

To change the order in which data is exported:

1. In the Export dialog, select the Sort data check box.

2. Choose to sort by one of the following:

– Database order – Start time

– Elevation – Data type

– Name – Occupation length

– Quality



B Tip – The same sorting options are available in the Properties window.

In addition to the export formats provided, you can create your owncustom ASCII export formats. For more information, see Appendix A,Custom Import, Export, and Report Formats.

Note – You can also add a new format by installing an external filter.External filter programs must be written as Dynamically LinkedLibraries (*.dll) with specific functions created. You can add them toany tab in the Import or Export dialog. When installed, they appear asa normal import or export format. For more information, see the topicExternal Filters – Overview in the Help.

Table 15.1 describes the export formats provided.

Table 15.1 Third-party software export formats

Name Tab What it creates

ArcView files GIS ArcView GIS files containing points with attributes

AutoCAD files

(dxf/dwg)

CAD/ASCII A drawing exchange or a drawing file for AutoCAD

AutoCAD file withattributes

GIS A .dxf file containing points with attributes

C&G standard format CAD/ASCII A C&G software standard ASCII format file

C&G with no quotes CAD/ASCII A C&G software ASCII format file with no quotes

CMM files (cor, lev) CAD/ASCII Standard ASCII format files used by the Bureau ofLand Management

Trimble GDM format CAD/ASCII A coordinate file in the Trimble GDM standard format

MapInfo files GIS MapInfo GIS files containing points with attributes

Microstation file GIS A Microstation .dgn file containing points with attributes

NGS Bluebook Export Survey A utility to help create NGS B and G Bluebook files.



Note – For more information on the GIS export options, see ExportingFeatures and Attributes to a Geographic Information System (GIS)Format, page 397.

Trimble DataExchange Format

Survey A Trimble-defined ASCII file that supports stations andcoordinates, processed GPS vectors, terrestrialobservations, laser observations, and leveling. Usethis format to export observations to third-partysoftware packages and to copy observation data intoother Trimble Geomatics Office projects.

Pacsoft format CAD/ASCII A PacSoft ASCII format file

SDMS format CAD/ASCII Data in the Survey Data Management System formatof the American Association of State Highway andTransportation Officials (AASHTO)

SDR files Survey An SDR33/20 file

SDRMap coordinates CAD/ASCII An SDRMap coordinate file

Autodesk fieldbookfile

CAD/ASCII A file in Autodesk fieldbook format.

STAR*NET 2D controlpoints

Survey A STAR*NET 2D control points ASCII format file

STAR*NET 3D controlpoints

Survey A STAR*NET 3D control points ASCII format file

STAR*NETobservations

Survey A STAR*NET observations ASCII format file

TERRAMODEL –P,N,E,Z,20D – file

CAD/ASCII A TERRAMODEL comma delimited format file

TPLANE CAD/ASCII A GPSurvey ASCII format file

TRIMMAP™GraphicsFile

CAD/ASCII A TRIMMAP (or SDRmap) graphics file

WILDsoft format CAD/ASCII A WILDsoft ASCII format file

Trimble Zeiss RecE/M5 format file

CAD/ASCII A Trimble Zeiss Rec E/M5 coordinate file

Table 15.1 Third-party software export formats (Continued)

Name Tab What it creates



15.3Exporting to a Third-Party Software FormatThe following is an example that shows you how to export the projectas an AutoCAD .dxf file.

To create a .dxf file from your project:


– Select File / Export.

– Click the Export tool.

The Export dialog appears.

2. Select the CAD / ASCII tab, as shown below:

3. Select the AutoCAD files (*.dxf,*.dwg) option.



4. Click Options. The following dialog appears:

5. In the Data format field, select the required format.

6. In the Version field, select the appropriate option. This dependson the version of AutoCAD you use.

7. In the Prototype Drawing field, the default file is Symbols.dxf.It contains blocks for each symbol in the Symbols.sym file (thefile supplied in the Trimble Geomatics Office software). Theprototype drawing file selected is included in the exported file.The blocks are used in the AutoCAD software as a library fordisplaying points.

If you used the Symbol Editor utility to add any symbols to theSymbols.dxf file, and you have points in the database that usethe new symbol(s), you must:

a. Open the Symbols.dxf file in the AutoCAD software.

b. Use the AutoCAD software to add a block for each newsymbol.

c. Make sure that each block has the same name as the pointstyle that uses the new symbol.

d. Specify Symbols.dxf file as the prototype drawing, or elsewhen you open the exported file in the AutoCAD software,points with unrecognized point styles appear as dots.

Note – You can use any .dxf file as the prototype drawing file.Alternatively, do not use one at all.



8. Click OK to return to the Export dialog.

9. In the Export group, check that the Whole Database option isselected.

10. In the Coordinate system for Export data field, click Change toselect the coordinate system for the file to be exported. Use thisoption if the file you want to export is in a different coordinatesystem than the Trimble Geomatics Office project.

11. When you are ready to create the file, click OK. The Save Asdialog appears.

12. Locate the folder you want to export the file to.

13. In the File Name field, enter a name and then click Save.

The software creates the file in the folder that you selected.

15.4Exporting NGS Bluebook FilesNGS Bluebook files are defined by the United States government andare required for surveys that are submitted to the National SpatialReference System. The rules for these surveys are contained in a bluebook, and submitting these surveys is known as bluebooking.

You can generate standard National Geodetic Survey (NGS) Bluebookfiles from the Trimble Geomatics Office software. The NGS Bluebookutility creates the following NGS Bluebook files for GPS baselines:

• NGS

• B – contains project information

• G – contains baseline information

• SERFIL – an ASCII file containing the station SSN, ID, andnames of stations from an existing project



To export an NGS Bluebook file:

1. Select File / Export. The Export dialog appears.

2. In the Survey tab, select the NGS Bluebook files option. Thefollowing dialog appears:

If you have previously saved a bluebooking session, you areasked if you want to load the saved information.

Note – The NGS Bluebook Files dialog uses data associatedwith the selected set of independent processed baselines in yourproject. Before you export your NGS Bluebook files, you mustcomplete all field work, processing, and quality assurance.Once you select baselines and initiate the export, you cannotadd any baselines to the Bluebooking dialog without startingthe export process again.



The NGS Bluebook Files dialog contains the following tabs:

– Project – Station

– Session – Pre Session Weather

– Post Session Weather – Miscellaneous

Note – As each tab’s required fields are completed, the * next toits name is removed. When there are no more fields to completein the dialog, the Export button becomes available.

3. Enter the necessary information for your project. Click Exportto enter a name for each file and select a location for each file.The default location is Trimble GeomaticsOffice\Projects\<Project Name>\Export.

For more information, refer to the NGS Bluebook Export topic in theHelp.

15.5Exporting Using the Trimble Data Exchange FormatThe Trimble Data Exchange Format was designed by Trimble to:

• transfer survey data between Trimble Geomatics Office projects

• export survey data to other applications for networkadjustments or other geodetic operations

Note – If you are not using the Trimble Geomatics Office software toperform a network adjustment, check that your network adjustmentsoftware vendor supports this format.

To export data using this format:

1. In the graphics window, select the observations to be exported.

2. Select File / Export. The Export dialog appears.

3. In the Survey tab, select the Trimble Data Exchange Formatoption and click OK. The Save As dialog appears.

4. Locate the folder that you want to export the file to.



5. In the File Name field, enter a name and then click Save.The software creates the file in the folder that you selected.

For more information about the Trimble Data Exchange Format, referto the Help.


C H A P T E R

16
16 Using Attributes in theTrimble Geomatics OfficeSoftwareIn this chapter:
■ Introduction

■ Defining attributes

■ Setting up a project for attributes

■ Exporting a feature and attribute library to the Trimble SurveyController software

■ Collecting attribute information in the field

■ Importing a Data Collector (*.dc) file containing attributes

■ Using Data Dictionary (*.ddf) files

■ Managing attributes

■ Cutting, or copying, and pasting points with attributes

■ Reporting attributes

■ Exporting attributes to an ASCII format

■ Exporting features and attributes to a Geographic Information System(GIS) format

16 Using Attributes in the Trimble Geomatics Office Software

16.1IntroductionThe Trimble Geomatics Office software supports the collection ofattribute data for points. Collecting attribute data with feature codesfor GPS or terrestrial observations is an efficient way to collectrelevant information about spatial features. This chapter describeshow to define, collect, report, and export attribute information.

16.2Defining AttributesThis section shows how to define attributes for feature codes in afeature and attribute library. For information on creating feature andattribute libraries, see Feature and Attribute Editor, page 425.

Note – If you have the GPS Pathfinder® Office software, you can use aData Dictionary (*.ddf) file created in the Data Dictionary Editor™utility to define attributes. For more information, see Using DataDictionary (*.ddf) Files, page 385.

To create a feature and attribute library, use the Feature and AttributeEditor utility. The following example shows you how to create a newattribute for the feature code, power pole, in the Default.fcl file. Thisfile is the Trimble-supplied feature and attribute library and is locatedin the Trimble Geomatics Office System folder.

To define a new attribute for a feature code:

1. To open the Feature and Attribute Editor utility,click and then select Programs / Trimble GeomaticsOffice / Trimble Utilities / Feature and Attribute Editor.


Using Attributes in the Trimble Geomatics Office Software 16

2. Select File / Open. The following dialog appears:

3. Select Default.fcl and then click Open.

4. Double-click PP (power pole). The following dialog appears:



5. Select the Attributes tab, as shown below:

The attributes defined for the power pole feature code appear.The predefined attribute (ID) is visible.

6. Create a new attribute. To do this:

a. Click New to create a new attribute. The New Attributedialog appears.

b. In the Name field, enter Age. This attribute will collect theestimated age of the power pole.

c. Select the Numeric option. Age is a numeric attribute type.

d. Click OK to return to the Properties dialog.

The Attribute Properties group appears below the list ofattributes.



7. Complete the options in the Attribute Properties group. To dothis:

a. In the Minimum field, enter 1. This specifies that a powerpole cannot be less than one year old.

b. In the Maximum field, enter 100. This specifies that a powerpole cannot be more than a hundred years old.

c. In the Decimal Places field, enter 0.

d. In the Default field, enter 2. This sets the default age of apower pole at two years.

e. In the Field Entry field, select Required. This means thatyou must enter an age value whenever you use the powerpole feature code.

f. Click OK to close the Feature Code Properties dialog.

The attributes are defined. For more information, refer to the topicAttributes – Overview in the Feature and Attribute Editor Help.

16.3Setting up a Project for AttributesBefore you import attribute data to a project, select a feature andattribute library so that the Trimble Geomatics Office software knowsthe attribute definitions for features and attributes that will beimported with Survey Controller (*.dc) files. The software can thencheck that only valid attributes are added to the project. You can onlyhave one feature and attribute library defining the attributes for eachproject. Set up a project for attributes before importing a .dc filecontaining attributes.

Note – If you have the GPS Pathfinder Office software, you can use aData Dictionary (*.ddf) file created in the Data Dictionary Editorsoftware to set up a project for attributes. For more information, seeUsing Data Dictionary (*.ddf) Files, page 385.



When you select a feature and attribute library for a project, thesoftware creates a database table for each feature code with attributedefinitions. The feature and attribute library is not stored in theproject. This means that changes to the feature and attribute library donot affect projects using the library.

The feature and attribute library that you select for the project shouldbe identical to the library you use in the field with the Trimble SurveyController software (version 7.0 or later).

Once you add points with attributes to the project, you cannot select adifferent feature and attribute library for the project.

To select a feature and attribute library for a project, do the following:

1. Select File / Project Properties. The Project Properties dialogappears.

2. In the Features tab, select the Use attributes check box. TheLibrary field becomes available.

3. To select the appropriate Feature and Attribute Library (*.fcl)file:

a. In the Attributes group, click Browse.

b. Locate and select the appropriate feature and attributelibrary and then click Open. The path and name appear inthe Library field.

4. Click OK.

The software reads the library and adds the attribute definitions to theproject. The project is now set up to use attribute data.



16.4Exporting a Feature and Attribute Library to theTrimble Survey Controller Software

When you have selected a feature and attribute library containingattributes, you can export the file to the Trimble Survey Controllersoftware. For more information, see Chapter 6, Transferring Files tothe Trimble Survey Controller Software.

Note – If you have the GPS Pathfinder Office software, you can use aData Dictionary (*.ddf) file created in the Data Dictionary Editorutility in the Trimble Survey Controller software to collect attributes inthe field. For more information, see Using Data Dictionary (*.ddf)Files, page 385.

16.5Collecting Attribute Information in the FieldOnce you transfer a feature and attribute library to the Trimble SurveyController software, you can collect attribute information in the field.You can select a feature code for each point and enter the relevantattribute data.

For more information about collecting attributes using the TrimbleSurvey Controller software (version 7.0 or later), refer to the TrimbleSurvey Controller Reference Manual.



16.6Importing a Data Collector (*.dc) File ContainingAttributes

This section shows how to import Survey Controller (*.dc) filescontaining attributes from the Trimble Survey Controller software intoa Trimble Geomatics Office project. For more information, seeImporting Survey Controller (*.dc) Files, page 106.

To import a Survey Controller (*.dc) file:

1. Make sure that the Trimble Survey Controller software is inImport/Export mode.

2. In the Trimble Geomatics Office software, select File / Import.The Import dialog appears.

3. Select the Survey devices option. The Open dialog appears.

4. Select a Survey Controller device. Make sure that the datacollector is connected to the correct COM port on yourcomputer and is in the PC connection mode.

5. Click Open.

6. Select the .dc file from the appropriate location in the TrimbleSurvey Controller software and then click Open. The .dc filetransfers to the Trimble Geomatics Office project.

If the feature and attribute library used in the .dc file matchesthe one defined for the project, the import proceeds as normal.However, if the libraries differ, a dialog appears.

7. From the dialog, select one of the following options:

– To import attributes, click Yes. The software imports anyattribute information that the project’s feature and attributelibrary recognizes. It warns you that you may lose data.Any attribute data that is not imported is recorded in the<file name>.html report. This file is stored in the Reportsfolder of the project.

– To import points and ignore attributes, click No.

– To cancel the import, click Cancel.



16.7Using Data Dictionary (*.ddf) FilesIf you have the GPS Pathfinder Office software, you can use a DataDictionary (*.ddf) file created in the Data Dictionary Editor utility fordefining attributes.

16.7.1 Using Data Dictionary (*.ddf) Files for Defining Attributes

Use the Data Dictionary Editor utility to define features and attributes.A feature is the same as a feature code. However, a feature in a .ddffile does not have any CAD-related information, such as point styles,attached.

Note – The Trimble Geomatics Office software and Trimble SurveyController software (version 7.0 or later) only support point features.If you define any line or area features in a .ddf file, these are convertedto point features when you use the .ddf file to set up a project forattributes, or when you export the file to the Trimble Survey Controllersoftware (version 7.0 or later).

16.7.2 Setting up a Project for Attributes

To set up a project for attributes using a Data Dictionary (*.ddf) file,follow the procedure in Setting up a Project for Attributes, page 381.However, in step 3, select a .ddf file for the Library field.

16.7.3 Exporting a Data Dictionary (*.ddf) File to the TrimbleSurvey Controller Software

You can export a Data Dictionary (*.ddf) file to the Trimble SurveyController software (version 7.0 or later). You can then use the file tocollect attribute information in the field.

For more information, see Chapter 6, Transferring Files to the TrimbleSurvey Controller Software.



16.8Managing AttributesThe following sections show how to view, edit, add, and deleteattributes in the Trimble Geomatics Office software by using theProperties window.

16.8.1 Viewing Attributes

To view the attributes of a point in the software, use the Propertieswindow.

To do this:

1. In the graphics window, double-click on a point with attributeinformation. The following window appears:

2. Select the Attributes tab.

Note – The Attributes tab only appears if you have the projectset up for attributes. For more information, see Setting up aProject for Attributes, page 381.

3. Click the drop-down arrow in the Features field, and select theappropriate feature code.



The attribute data for the displayed feature code in the Featuresfield appears:

16.8.2 Editing Attribute Values

To edit attribute values in the software, use the Properties window.The software checks the new value to ensure that it is valid accordingto the project’s attribute definitions.

To edit an attribute value, do the following:

1. Double-click a point with attribute information.

2. Select the Attributes tab. The Attribute name and Value columnsshow the point’s attribute information.

3. To edit an attribute value, click the appropriate field in the Valuecolumn.

For menu attributes:

– Select a value from the list of available attribute values

For all other attribute types:

– Enter the new value for the attribute. (You cannot use fieldfill-in for attributes.) For more information, refer to theHelp.



16.8.3 Adding Attributes

Use the Properties window to add attributes to points. This is useful ifyou have a point already in the project and now want to enter attributeinformation.

You can add more than one feature code with attributes to a point.Before you can add attribute data, you must set up the project forattributes. For more information, see Setting up a Project forAttributes, page 381.

To add attribute data to a point:

1. Double-click on the point to which you want to add attributes.Select the Attributes tab.

2. Click and from the menu that appears, select Insert. The listof available feature codes with attributes appears, as shownbelow:

3. Select the feature code that you want to add.

4. Enter appropriate values for the attributes.



Note – The Trimble Geomatics Office software checks that you haveentered valid values according to the feature and attribute librarydefinition.

16.8.4 Deleting Attributes

Use the Properties window to delete attribute values.

To do this:

1. Double-click the point that you want to delete attributes from.The Properties window appears.

2. In the Attributes tab, select the feature code you want to deletethe attributes for.

3. Click and from the menu that appears, select Delete.

4. Repeat the above steps for any other feature codes withattributes that you want to delete.

16.9Cutting, or Copying, and Pasting Points withAttributes

If you have a project containing points with attribute data and youwant to use new feature codes with attributes, you cannot do this in thecurrent project because the project’s attribute definitions are alreadybeing used. However, with the Trimble Geomatics Office software,you can use standard Windows procedures to cut, or copy, and pastepoints with attributes from one project to another.

When you cut, or copy, and paste points with attributes betweenprojects, the software checks for differences in the attribute definitionsbetween the two projects. The checks that the software makes are thesame as those it carries out when you import a .dc file. Only pointswith attributes where the attribute definitions are the same in bothprojects are pasted.



To cut, or copy, and paste points with attributes from one project toanother:

1. Use the Feature and Attribute Editor utility to add the newfeature codes with attributes to the library that you used in yourproject. Do not change the original attribute definitions.

For more information, refer to the Feature and Attribute EditorHelp.

2. Create a new project. For more information, see Creating aProject, page 24.

3. Select the new feature and attribute library for the new project.

For more information on setting up a feature and attributelibrary, see Feature and Attribute Editor, page 425.

4. Copy and paste the points with attributes from the originalproject to the new project.

For more information, refer to the topic Selecting Entities –Overview in the Help.

Because the new project has different attribute definitions to theoriginal project, a dialog appears.

5. Click Yes to paste all points and any attribute information thatthe new project recognizes.

If you have not changed the definition of attributes used in the originalproject, the software pastes all points with attributes into the newproject. You can now import points with new attributes.

Note – You cannot add a new attribute to an existing feature code withattributes if it has been used in a project.



16.10Reporting AttributesTo create a report that shows the attributes for points in the project, thegeneral procedure is as follows:

1. Create a custom report for each feature code with attributes inthe project.

2. Select the required points with attributes.

3. Run the appropriate report.

The next sections provide more information about this procedure.

16.10.1 Creating a Custom Report Format

To create a custom report format:

1. In the Survey view, select Reports / Additional Reports. TheAdditional Report dialog appears.



2. Click New. The following dialog appears:

3. In the Name field, enter a name for the report.

4. In the Description field, enter a description of the report. (Thisis optional.)

5. From the Report on list, select the Point records option. This isbecause you are reporting on points.



6. Click Fill Format Automatically. The following dialogappears:

7. Select the way that you want to separate each field header andvalue. For more information about this dialog, press [F1] toaccess the Help.

8. Click OK. The Format header field fills with field headingsfrom the points table. The Format body field fills with fieldvalues from the points table.

9. In the Format header and Format body fields, delete any fieldheadings or values that you do not want to include in the report.

10. In the Format header field, enter any other attribute headingsthat you want to include in the report format.

11. Add the attributes that you want to include in the report. To dothis:

a. In the Format body field, right-click to access the shortcutmenu.

b. Select Fields / Advanced / Attributes. All feature codeswith attribute definitions in the project appear in the nextsubmenu.



c. Select a feature code from the selection in the submenu, asshown below:

The attributes for the feature code appear in the nextsubmenu.

d. Select the attribute that you want in the report. Theattribute appears in the Format body field.



B Tip – Select the asterisk (*) option to add all of the attributes to the Formatbody field.

12. If you did not select the asterisk option, repeat step 11 for eachattribute that you want in the report.

13. Click OK.

The format appears in the Additional Reports dialog.

16.10.2 Selecting Points to Report

Before you run an attribute report, select the points that have therequired attributes.

To do this:

1. In the Plan view, choose Select / By Point Feature. Forexample, if you want to report on all tree features, enter Tree inthe Select by Point Feature dialog.

2. Click OK.

All points that have the feature code with attributes that you specifiedare selected. The Feature Code field of the point is not used in thisquery.

16.10.3 Running the Custom Report

Once you have selected the points that you want in the report:


2. To run the report, do one of the following:

– In the Reports list, select the report name and click OK.

– Double-click the report name.

The default HTML viewer opens and the software reports the featuresand attributes for the selected points.



16.11Exporting Attributes to an ASCII FormatTo export points with their associated attributes to an ASCII file:

1. In the Plan view, choose Select / By Point Feature and select thefeature codes with attributes that are associated with the pointsyou want to export.





3. Select the Custom tab.

4. To use a predefined attribute export format, select one of thefollowing options:

– Name,Latitude,Longitude,Height,All Attributes (Local)

– Name,North,East,Elevation,All Attributes

5. In the Export group, select the Selection option to export theselected points and then click OK. The Save As dialog appears.

6. In the File name field, enter the name for the file and then clickSave.

The file is created in the folder you have selected. For informationabout defining a custom export format, see Appendix A, CustomImport, Export, and Report Formats.



16.12Exporting Features and Attributes to a GeographicInformation System (GIS) Format

This section describes the GIS export capabilities of the TrimbleGeomatics Office software.

16.12.1 GIS Formats

You can export data in the following GIS software formats:

• ArcView (*.dbf/*.shp/*.shw) Shapefiles

• AutoCAD with Attributes (*.dxf) files

• MapInfo (*.mif/*.mid) files

• Microstation (*.dgn) files

You can configure the file format depending on the software packageto which you are exporting.

For information about the export options for each format, refer to theappropriate GIS format information in the Help.

16.12.2 Exporting Data to a GIS

To export data in a GIS format:



– On the standard toolbar, select the Export tool.


2. In the GIS tab, select the appropriate format.

3. Click Options to change any export options. The ExportOptions dialog appears. The options to select in this dialogdepend on the GIS format you selected.



4. Click Attributes if you want to add any of the followinginformation as attributes:

– Date recorded – you do not need this if you already have adate attribute.

– Time recorded – you do not need this if you already have atime attribute.

– Point elevation – use this if your GIS format is a 2D GISand you want to export elevations for points as an attribute.

– Horizontal precision – use this if you need horizontalprecision values in your GIS.

– Vertical precision – use this if you need vertical precisionvalues in your GIS.

The Attributes dialog appears.

5. Do the following:

a. Select the other attributes that you want created in theexport file. These are in addition to the attributes collectedfor feature codes.

In the Export Menu Attributes As group, select the valuesthat you want to export to the GIS format. These values aredefined in the feature and attribute library.

b. Click OK to close the Attributes dialog.

6. Click OK to close the Export Options dialog.

7. Click OK in the Export dialog. The Save As dialog appears.

8. Locate the folder where the exported file is to be saved.

9. If the File name field is available, enter a name for the new file.If the File name field is not available, this means that thesoftware creates the file name automatically. With most GISformats it uses the feature code name.

10. Click Save to create the new file.


C H A P T E R

17
17 Utilities
In this chapter:

■ Introduction

■ Trimble Data Transfer

■ Coordinate System Manager

■ Symbol Editor and Line Type Editor

■ Feature and Attribute Editor

■ DC File Editor

■ QuickPlan

■ Convert to RINEX

■ A1 Viewer

■ Grid Factory

■ NGS antenna models

17 Utilities

17.1IntroductionThis chapter introduces the Trimble Geomatics Office utilities anduses examples to show how they link with the Trimble GeomaticsOffice software. Each utility also has a Help system that you canaccess from the Help menu.

To open a utility, do one of the following:

• Click and then select Programs / Trimble GeomaticsOffice / Trimble Utilities / <utility>.

• In the Trimble Geomatics Office software, when there is noproject open, use the Utilities group in the project bar. To dothis:

a. In the project bar, click the Utilities group.

b. Click the appropriate shortcut.

• In the Trimble Geomatics Office software, when there is noproject open, select the appropriate utility from the Utilitiesmenu.

Note – Not all utilities are available in the project bar, and the DataTransfer utility is not available from the Utilities menu.


Utilities 17

17.2Trimble Data TransferThe Trimble Geomatics Office software uses the Data Transfer utilityto transfer data to or from the following devices:

• a data collector running the Trimble Survey Controller software

• a survey data card

• a Trimble GPS receiver

• a Trimble total station

• an SDR data recorder

You can also use the Data Transfer utility as standalone software totransfer data without using the Trimble Geomatics Office software.

To use the Data Transfer utility, you need the correct cables forconnecting your device to your computer. For information about thecables you need, refer to the documentation for the device you areusing.

The following sections describe the basic functions of the DataTransfer utility when accessed from the Trimble Geomatics Officesoftware. For more information, refer to the Data Transfer Help.

For information about using the Data Transfer utility to transfer files,see Chapter 6, Transferring Files to the Trimble Survey ControllerSoftware and Chapter 7, Importing Survey Data into the TrimbleGeomatics Office Software.

17.2.1 Using the Data Transfer Utility from the Trimble GeomaticsOffice Software

The Data Transfer utility starts whenever you use the Export or Importdialogs to transfer files to or from a Trimble device. For example, toopen the utility you can select the Feature and Attribute Library (*.fcl)to Survey Controller option in the Export dialog.


17 Utilities

17.2.2 Using the Standalone Data Transfer Utility

You can use the Data Transfer utility as a standalone utility. Do one ofthe following:

• Click and then select Programs / Trimble GeomaticsOffice / Trimble Utilities / Data Transfer.

• When there is no project open, select Utilities / Data Transfer.

• When there is no project open, in the project bar, click theUtilities group and then click the Data Transfer shortcut.

This lets you transfer any file type to any device.

17.2.3 Setting Up Devices Using the Data Transfer Utility

Before using the Data Transfer utility to transfer files between theTrimble Geomatics office software and a device, you may need to setup a device. You can set up the following types of device:

• a data collector running the Trimble Survey Controller software

• a survey data card

• a Trimble GPS receiver

• a Trimble total station

• an SDR data recorder

Devices are system wide—once you have set up a device, it isavailable in all projects.

The following sections show you how to set up a Trimble SurveyController device, a GPS receiver device and a survey data carddevice.


Utilities 17

Setting up a Trimble Survey Controller device

Set up a Trimble Survey Controller device before transferring files toor from the Trimble Survey Controller software. When you haveadded a Trimble Survey Controller device, you can connect to theTrimble Survey Controller software during import or export. TheTrimble Geomatics Office software already has a device for a TrimbleSurvey Controller defined. This section shows how to create your owncustom device if necessary.

To set up a Trimble Survey Controller device:


– Select the Export tool.


– Select the Import tool.

– Select File / Import.

The appropriate dialog appears.

2. In the Survey tab, select the Survey devices option.

3. Click OK. The Save As or Open dialog appears:


17 Utilities

The Look in field is set to Devices. Previously created devicedefinitions appear in the window.

B Tip – In the project bar, click the Survey Device shortcut in the TrimbleSurvey, Import, or Export groups as a shortcut to the Open or Save Asdialog.


– Right-click to access the shortcut menu, and then selectNew.

– Click the Create new device button.


5. Select the Survey Controller option and click OK. The CreateRemote Device dialog appears.

6. In the Port field, select the computer port that will be connectedto your Trimble Survey Controller software and then click Next.The Enter Device Name dialog appears.

7. In the Name field, enter a name for the new Trimble SurveyController device. This is the name that appears in the Save Asdialog. For example, enter My Survey Controller.


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8. Click Finish. The following dialog appears:

It displays the new Trimble Survey Controller device.

The Trimble Survey Controller device is now set up. You can transferdata between your computer and the Trimble Survey Controllersoftware.

Setting up a GPS receiver device

Set up a GPS receiver device before transferring files from a GPSreceiver. Once you add a GPS receiver device, you can connect to aGPS reciver device when you import.

To set up a GPS receiver device:




The Import dialog appears.

2. In the Survey tab, select the Survey devices option and click OK.The Open dialog appears. The Look in field is set to Devicesand previously created devices appear in the window.


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B Tip – In the project bar, you can also click the Survey Device shortcut inthe Trimble Survey or Import groups to display the Open dialog.


– Right-click to access the shortcut menu, and select New.


The Create New Device dialog appears.

4. Select the GPS receiver (5000 Series) option and click OK. TheCreate Remote Device dialog appears.

Note – You can only use the GPS Receiver 5000 option toconnect to a 5000 series receiver, that is, the 5700 receiver. Toconnect to a 4000 series receiver, use the GPS Receiver 4000option.

5. In the Port field, select the computer port you use to connect toyour GPS receiver and then click Next. The Enter Device Namedialog appears.

6. In the Name field, enter a name for the new GPS receiverdevice. This is the name that appears in the Save As dialog. Forexample, enter My GPS receiver.


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7. Click Next. The following dialog appears:

8. Select the appropriate serial port settings to allow yourcomputer to communicate with the GPS receiver and then clickNext. The Download Properties dialog appears.

9. Click Finish. The Open dialog appears. The new GPS receiverdevice appears in the window.

The GPS receiver device is now set up. You can transfer data to yourcomputer from a GPS receiver.


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Setting up a survey data card device

If your computer has a PC card drive, you can use it to transfer data toor from the Trimble Geomatics Office software. Set up a survey datacard device before transferring files.

To set up a survey data card device:


– Select the Export tool.




The appropriate dialog appears.

2. In the Survey tab, select the Survey devices option and click OK.The Save As or Open dialog appears. The Look in field is set toDevices. Any devices that you have already created appear inthe window.


– Right-click to access the shortcut menu, and then selectNew.


The Create New Device dialog appears.

4. Select the Survey Data Card option and click OK. The CreateSurvey Data Card Device dialog appears.

5. In the Folder field, select the name of the drive that the surveydata card is connected as and then click Next. The Enter DeviceName dialog appears.

6. In the Name field, enter a name for the new survey data carddevice. This is the name that appears in the Save As dialog. Forexample, enter My PC Card on D drive.


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7. Click Finish. The Save As or Open dialog appears. The newsurvey data card device appears in the window.

The survey data card device is now set up. You can now transfer databetween your computer and a survey data card inserted in a PC carddrive on your computer.

17.2.4 Managing Your Devices

You can create several devices if you have more than one connectionto the same device. For example, you can set up more than oneTrimble Survey Controller device.

Viewing the properties of a device

To view the properties of a device:

1. Access the Open or Save As dialogs. For information on how toopen these dialogs, see Setting up a Trimble Survey Controllerdevice, page 403.

2. Select the appropriate device.

3. Right-click to access the shortcut menu, and select Properties.The appropriate Properties dialog appears. If a field isunavailable, that setting is not applicable for the device.

4. Edit the Properties dialog as required and click OK to applyyour changes. The Open or Save As dialog returns.

Deleting a device

To delete a device at any time:

1. Access the Open or Save As dialogs. For information on how toopen these dialogs, see Setting up a Trimble Survey Controllerdevice, page 403.

2. Select the appropriate device.


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– Right-click to access the shortcut menu, and then selectDelete.

– Press [Delete] .

The following message appears:

Are you sure you want to delete ‘<device name>’ ?


– To delete the device, click Yes. The device is removedfrom the list in the dialog.

– To cancel the delete, click No. You are returned to thedialog.

17.3Coordinate System ManagerTrimble provides you with an extensive set of predefined coordinatesystem definitions. With Trimble’s Coordinate System Manager™utility you can:

• access your coordinate system database (Current.csd)

• create additional coordinate system definitions for thecoordinate system database

17.3.1 When to Use the Coordinate System Manager Utility

Use the Coordinate System Manager utility to add definitions that arenot included in the Trimble-supplied set of coordinate systemparameters, or when new parameters are published.


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You can add and edit:

• ellipsoids

• datum transformations

• coordinate systems

• site definitions

• geoid models

You select a coordinate system for a project in the Trimble GeomaticsOffice software from the coordinate system database.

Note – You cannot edit any of the Trimble coordinate systemparameters. These records appear in red in the Coordinate SystemManager window. However, you can copy or duplicate them and editthe copied version. When you create a new record, it is displayed inblue in the Coordinate System Manager window. You can edit any ofthese records.

17.3.2 Using the Coordinate System Manager Utility

If the coordinate system database does not have the coordinate systemyou need, you can define a new coordinate system. In the CoordinateSystem Manager utility, duplicating a record lets you paste it in thesame group but with a different name. You can then edit theparameters of the new record. Copying a record lets you paste it to adifferent group.

This example shows you how to:

• duplicate an existing ellipsoid record and edit its parameters tocreate a new ellipsoid

• create a datum transformation using the new ellipsoid

• create a coordinate system zone using the new datumtransformation


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Note – Make sure that you use the Coordinate System Database(Current.csd) file, which is located in \Program files\Common files\Trimble\GeoData in the Coordinate System Manager utility. TheTrimble Geomatics Office software uses this file to determine theavailable coordinate systems when you change the coordinate systemfor your current project.

Duplicating an existing ellipsoid

Duplicate a predefined ellipsoid record so that you can edit the newellipsoid record as required. This is useful when most of theparameters are correct and you only want to make small changes.

The following example shows how to add a new ellipsoid record to thecoordinate system database by duplicating an existing one.

Note – You can duplicate ellipsoids, datum transformation groups,coordinate system zones, sites, and geoid models. For moreinformation, refer to the topic Duplicate Command in the CoordinateSystem Manager Help.


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To create a new ellipsoid record in the Coordinate System Mangerutility by duplicating an existing one:

1. In the Ellipsoids tab, select the ellipsoid that you want toduplicate (for example, Clarke 1866):

2. Select Item / Duplicate. The following dialog appears:

3. In the To field, enter an ellipsoid name.


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Note – Although an export name is required, the TrimbleGeomatics Office system does not use it.

4. Click OK. The following dialog appears:

All fields have the same values as the ellipsoid record youduplicated.

5. Change any field values if necessary and click OK to create thenew ellipsoid record.

New ellipsoids appear in blue to show that they are user-definedrecords.

Adding a new datum transformation

You can now use the new ellipsoid record to create a new datumtransformation definition. You can add datum transformationdefinitions to existing datum transformation groups if there is nodatum transformation of the same method (for example, sevenparameter) defined in that group.

To add a datum transformation to the database:

1. When any tab is selected, select Edit / Add DatumTransformation.

2. From the submenu, select a datum transformation method.


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3. Select the Create a new group of Datum Transformations checkbox. This creates a new datum transformation group, as shownbelow:

4. Click OK. The appropriate Datum Transformation Propertiesdialog appears.

5. In the Name field, enter a name for the datum transformationgroup.

6. From the list in the Ellipsoid field, select the ellipsoid youcreated in the previous section.

7. If you selected the Molodensky or Seven Parameter method:

a. Select the from WGS-84 (from WGS-84 ellipsoid to localellipsoid) option, or the to WGS-84 (from local ellipsoid toWGS-84 ellipsoid) option.

b. Enter the necessary transformation parameters.

If you selected the Multiple Regression or Datum Grid method:

– From the available list(s), select the new datumtransformation file created for the new ellipsoid record.


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8. Click OK to create the new datum transformation group, asshown below:

New datum transformations in the Datum transformation tab haveblue icons to show that they are user-defined records.

The new datum transformation is added to the database.


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Adding a new coordinate system zone

The datum transformation group you created in the previous sectioncan now be used to define a new coordinate system zone. Thefollowing steps show how to duplicate an existing coordinate systemzone, then edit the parameters to use the new datum transformationcreated in the previous step.

All coordinate system zones belong to a coordinate system group.These groups do not contain any coordinate system definitions. Formore information on coordinate system groups, refer to the topicCoordinate System Group in the Coordinate System Manager Help.

To add a new coordinate system zone to the database:

1. Select the Coordinate Systems tab, as shown below:


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2. In the left pane, select the name of the coordinate system groupyou want to create the new zone under (for example, theUS State plane 1983 group). The zone names in the coordinatesystem group appear in the right pane.

3. Select the coordinate system zone name you want to duplicate.For example, select the name California Zone 4 if you selectedthe US State Plane 1983 group.

4. Select Item / Duplicate. The Duplicate Record dialog appears.

5. In the Name field, enter a coordinate system zone name. Theexport name is the name you see when you use the coordinatesystem database to select a coordinate system for a project inthe Trimble Geomatics Office software.

6. Click OK. The following dialog appears:

7. In the Zone Parameters tab, do the following:

a. In the Datum name list, select the datum transformationgroup you defined in the previous section.

b. In the Datum method list, select the datum method youdefined in the previous section. This list shows themethods available for the datum transformation group.


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8. In the Geoid Model tab, do the following:

a. From the Method list, select a method for calculating theelevation relative to mean sea level. For example, selectthe Geoid Grid Model method.

Different fields become available depending on the geoidmethod you select. For example, if you selected the GeoidGrid Model method, the Model field becomes available.

b. In each available field or list, enter an appropriate value.

9. In the Projection tab, edit the projection parameters if necessaryand click OK.

New coordinate system zone definitions are displayed in blue in theCoordinate Systems tab. This is to show that they are user-definedrecords.

17.3.3 Using the Coordinate System Database

For information about using the coordinate system database in theTrimble Geomatics Office software, see Selecting a CoordinateSystem from the Coordinate System wizard, page 45.


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17.4Symbol Editor and Line Type EditorUse Trimble’s Symbol Editor™ and Line Type Editor™ utilities toedit the symbol and line type libraries used by the Trimble GeomaticsOffice software.

Creating a symbol in the Symbol Editor utility does not automaticallymake the symbol available in the Trimble Geomatics Office software.You must use the newly-created symbol to define a point style. Thenew point style can then be assigned to points in the database.

Similarly, creating a line type in the Line Type Editor utility does notautomatically make the line available in the Trimble Geomatics Officesoftware. You must use the newly created line type to define a linestyle.

17.4.1 When to Use the Symbol Editor or the Line Type EditorUtilities

The point symbols and line types that the Symbol Editor and LineType Editor utilities create and edit become the symbols and line typesin the Trimble Geomatics Office software and Trimble Feature andAttribute Editor utility.

When you add or edit point or line styles, you can define them usingthe available symbols and line types from the list in the CAD stylesdialog in the Trimble Geomatics Office software (or the point stylesand line styles tabs in the Trimble Feature and Attribute Editor utility).

A point or line style:

• defines how a point or line is drawn in the Trimble GeomaticsOffice software

• includes a symbol or line type that is created in the SymbolEditor utility or the Line Type Editor utility


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17.4.2 Using the Symbol Editor and Line Type Editor Utilities

The following example shows how to create a new tree symbol in theSymbol Editor utility. This new symbol is later used to create a newpoint style in the section. For more information, see Feature andAttribute Editor, page 425.

Defining a new line type is similar to the process outlined in thisexample.

Creating a new symbol

To create a new symbol in the Symbol Editor utility:

1. Select Symbol / Add. The Add New Symbol dialog appears.

2. In the Symbol name field, enter tree.

3. Select the Use colors check box. This means that the symbolcolor cannot be changed when it is used as part of a point styledefinition.

4. Click OK. The name tree appears in the title bar. It is added tothe Symbols in library list.

5. Use the Arc drawing Line drawing tools to create thetree symbol. When drawing, make sure that you:

– Select the color for the new arc or line before you begin todraw.

– Use the whole area of the drawing palette. When you use asymbol in a point style in the Trimble Geomatics Officesoftware, the Diameter field controls the size of thesymbol.

For more information about the drawing tools, refer to theSymbol Editor Help.


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The following shows a possible drawing for creating a treesymbol:

6. When you finish creating the tree symbol, select File / Save Asto save the symbol as a symbol file. The Save Library As dialogappears.

7. In the File name field, enter a name for your symbol file andthen click Save. The Confirm dialog appears.

8. Click Yes to use the new file as the system symbol library filefor symbols.

The symbols in the saved library are now available when you:

• manage point and line styles in the Trimble Geomatics Officesoftware

• use the Feature and Attribute Editor utility to create point andline styles in feature and attribute library definitions


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Note – By default, the Trimble Geomatics Office software isconfigured to use the predefined libraries Symbols.sym andLinetype.ltp. These files already contain a set of point symbols andline types for use in the Trimble Geomatics Office software. Youcannot edit these styles.

17.4.3 Using Symbols and Line Types in the Trimble GeomaticsOffice Software

To create point or line styles, do one of the following:

• In the Trimble Geomatics Office software, in the Plan viewselect Edit / Styles.

• In the Feature and Attribute Editor utility, use the Point Stylesor Line Styles tab.

If you define point styles and line styles in the Feature and AttributeEditor utility, these styles do not appear in the Styles dialog in theTrimble Geomatics Office software until you process the feature andattribute library containing the point and line style definitions.

In Figure 17.1, a symbol with the name tree is created in the SymbolEditor utility (the Trimble Symbol Editor – tree dialog). With thesymbol file registered as the system symbol file, tree becomes anavailable symbol when you create point styles in the Feature andAttribute Editor utility (the NewPointStyle – Properties dialog). It alsobecomes an available symbol when you create point or line styles inthe Trimble Geomatics Office software (the Create Point Stylesdialog).


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Figure 17.1 Relationship between symbols and point styles

Note – If you run the Symbol Editor or Line Type Editor utilities whilea Trimble Geomatics Office project is open, any changes that youmake to the system libraries are not reflected in the current projectuntil you close and reopen the project.

The Trimble standard templates already have a style defined for eachof the symbols and line types in the default Symbols.sym andLinetype.ltp files.


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In the Trimble Geomatics Office software, you can associate a pointstyle to any point, and a line style to any line, arc, or curve. To do this,use one of the following methods:

• Use the Properties window. Points and lines are then displayedaccording to the style settings.

• Process the feature codes that have point and line styles.

17.5Feature and Attribute EditorTrimble’s Feature and Attribute Editor™ utility lets you managefeature codes for feature code processing and GIS attribute collection.

17.5.1 When to Use the Feature and Attribute Editor Utility

Use the Feature and Attribute Editor utility to view or edit a Featureand Attribute Library (*.fcl) file. An .fcl file is a text file that containsthe definitions of feature codes, CAD styles, and control codes. Use itto:

• process feature codes

• set up a project for attributes

A feature code definition can include:

• a code for the feature

• the procedures to be carried out on points that have that featurecode associated with them

• attributes for the feature code


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Feature code processing

Use the Feature and Attribute Editor utility to define feature codes andcontrol codes that you can use in the field to describe the data youwant to collect.

When you transfer points to the Trimble Geomatics Office software,they can have feature codes specified. Use the Feature and AttributeEditor utility to define how each feature code and control code isprocessed. A feature code definition can include:

• point styles

• line styles

• annotation templates

Control codes are also defined in the Feature and Attribute Editorutility.

Attribute collection

Use the Feature and Attribute Editor utility to create and edit attributedefinitions. When you collect GPS or terrestrial positions in the field,you can collect attribute information at the same time.

17.5.2 Using the Feature and Attribute Editor Utility

In this example, the Feature and Attribute Editor utility is used tocreate a feature and attribute library. The example illustrates the rolesof the Symbol Editor and Line Type Editor utilities, and shows howthe Feature and Attribute Editor utility links with the TrimbleGeomatics Office software.

The example shows how to:

• create a point style using the symbol you created in the sectionUsing the Symbol Editor and Line Type Editor Utilities,page 421

• create an annotation template


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• create a feature code

• create a control code

• save a feature and attribute library

• use the feature and attribute library to process feature codes inthe Trimble Geomatics Office software

• use the feature and attribute library to set up a TrimbleGeomatics Office project for attributes

Creating a point style

Point styles define how points are displayed in the graphics window. Afeature code definition can include a point style, so each point withthat code is displayed according to the style.

There are predefined point and line styles in the standard TrimbleGeomatics Office templates that use each of the predefined symbolsand line types in the Symbols.sym and Linetype.ltp files. The pointand line styles have the same name as the symbol and line types. Forexample, the symbol tree1 has a predefined associated point styletree1.

You only need to create a new point style or line style when you createa new symbol or line type.

This part of the example shows how a new point style is created. Thispoint style uses the symbol you created in the Symbol and Line Typesection Using the Symbol Editor and Line Type Editor Utilities,page 421. If you did not create a new symbol in the Trimble SymbolEditor section, use one of the existing symbols to proceed with thisexample. You can also create CAD styles in the Trimble GeomaticsOffice software. For information about this, see Creating CAD Styles,page 327.

Note – A symbol cannot be assigned to a point. Only a point style canbe assigned to a point. To use a newly-created symbol you must definea new point style.


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To create a point style in the Feature and Attribute Editor utility:

1. Select the Point Styles tab. Use this tab to define the settingsthat make up a point style. This includes symbol and sizesettings.

2. Select Edit / New. The following dialog appears:

3. In the Name field, enter a unique name for the point style.

4. From the Symbol list, select the symbol you created in theSymbol Editor utility. (To view, add, or edit a symbol, use theSymbol Editor utility. For more information, see Symbol Editorand Line Type Editor, page 420.)


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5. In the Color field, select the color you want for the symbol. Thedefault setting is Microsoft Windows’ Window text setting. Ifyou have the default background set in the Survey Legend tab ofthe View Options dialog, when you are plotting points thiswindow defaults to black. If you have the black setting, itdefaults to white.

6. In the Dimensions group, specify the dimension for displayingthe point style.

This group controls the Diameter and Rotation fields. If thePaper option is selected, the diameter value controls the size ofthe symbol on paper. The representation of the paper units onthe screen is calculated using the specified plot scale from themenu File / Sheet setup.

If the Ground option is selected, the diameter value of thesymbol is the size in the field. The size of the symbol plotteddepends on the scale of the plot.

7. In the Diameter field, specify the diameter of the point style tobe displayed in the Trimble Geomatics Office software. Theinterpretation of this field depends on the setting of theDimensions field. The units for the Diameter field changedepending on whether the Dimensions group is set to the Paperoption or the Ground option.

For some symbols (such as Dot) the diameter is not applicableand the field is unavailable.

The Dimensions group and Diameter field determine the size ofthe point style.

Note – The default units depend on the display units defined forthe Feature and Attribute Editor utility. If the Paper option isselected, the Diameter field units are millimeters or inches. Ifthe Ground option is selected, the Diameter field units aremeters, US survey feet, or international feet.


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8. Leave the Rotation field at zero degrees. This field controls theorientation of the symbol. The interpretation of this fielddepends on the Dimensions setting.

If the Dimensions option is set to Paper, the symbol is orientedrelative to the top of the page. If the Dimensions option is set toGround, the symbol is oriented relative to north.

9. If you only want to create the point style when it is referencedby a feature code that is processed, select the Create style onlywhen required check box.

If this check box is not selected, the point style is created in theproject whether it is referenced or not. The dialog should looklike the following:

10. Click OK. The new style now appears in the Point Style tab. It isdisplayed using the symbol you defined for the style.


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Note – If a point style with the same name exists in both the TrimbleGeomatics Office project and the feature and attribute library, thepoint style definition in the feature and attribute library overwrites thedefinition in the project.

Creating line styles is a similar process to creating point styles.

Creating an annotation template

In this part of the example, an annotation template is created. Itannotates a point with its elevation. This annotation template is used inthe feature code tree.

When you process a feature and attribute library containing annotationtemplates, the annotation templates are added to the TrimbleGeomatics Office software as annotation templates. When annotationtemplates are added to the project as a result of feature-codeprocessing, the standard text style is used. A set of predefinedannotation templates is included with the software.

To view the project’s annotation templates:

1. In the Plan view, select Insert / Annotations.

2. Click Templates.


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To create an annotation template in the Feature and Attribute Editorutility:

1. Select the Annotation Templates tab.


3. In the Name field, enter tree_annot.

4. In the Layer group, select the Place in option. This specifies thelayer in which annotations using this template are placed.

5. In the Place in field, enter a layer name or select an existinglayer from the list. If the layer name you enter does notcurrently exist in the project, it is created during feature codeprocessing. For more information, refer to the topic Layers –Overview in the Trimble Geomatics Office Help.

6. Select the Create template only when required check box. Theannotation template is only created in the Trimble GeomaticsOffice software if it is referenced by a feature code that is usedduring feature code processing.


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7. Select the Points tab. This tab shows the four ways that you canannotate a point. The positions are:

– left of the point – right of the point

– floating – on the point

For this example, the point is annotated with the elevation to theleft of the point.

8. In the Left list, click the button. The list of fields that youcan annotate with a point appears.

9. Select Elevation.

[Elevation] appears in the Left field. The square brackets show thatit is a field code. Any text can be entered as an annotation. Youcan enter combinations of field codes and text at each position.For example, to annotate the text elevation followed by theelevation value, enter elevation : [Elevation], as shown below:

For more information, refer to the topic Field Codes –Overview in the Help.

10. Click OK.


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Note – To annotate lines and arcs, select the Lines or Arcs tab. Thefield codes you can use to annotate depend on the entity (point, line, orarc) that you are annotating. You can annotate points, lines, and arcswith one annotation template.

The new annotation template appears in the Annotation Templates tab.When the feature and attribute library containing the annotationtemplate definitions processes feature codes, the Trimble GeomaticsOffice software creates the annotation template. The new annotationtemplate is added to the annotation template list.

Creating a feature code with attributes

In this part of the example, a feature code called tree is created. Theexample uses the point and annotation templates you created earlier toshow how to assign CAD definitions to the tree feature code. It alsoshows how to assign attribute definitions to a feature code.

To create a feature code:

1. Select the Feature Codes tab.

2. Select Edit / New. The appropriate Properties dialog appears.


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3. In the Feature Code field, enter tree, as shown below:

4. In the Description field, enter Any native tree. The Copydescription to the Point description field check box becomesavailable.

5. Select the Copy description to the Point description field checkbox.


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The text that you entered in the Description field appears in thePoint description field of every point with the tree feature code.View the point descriptions in the Properties dialog, as shownbelow:

For information about the other fields in the Properties dialog,refer to the Feature and Attribute Editor Help.

6. Use the Point tab to define how points with a code of tree aredisplayed in the graphics window.

The Point Style list includes all of the symbols in the currentSymbols (*.sym) file. It also includes all of the point stylesdefined in the current feature and attribute library. Any pointstyle that you have defined in the current library appears with apaper clip icon beside it.


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The list assumes that you have point styles defined for anysymbols you plan to use. If you add a symbol to the .sym file,the symbol appears in the available point styles list even if thestyle does not exist. If the point style selected does not exist inthe current library or in the Trimble Geomatics Office project,the software uses the default point style selected for the layer towhich the style is being added.

7. Select the point style you created earlier.

The symbol on which you based the tree style (that is, the treesymbol) is displayed.

8. In the Layer list, enter tree to place all tree points in the treelayer.

The Layer list has [Current layer] selected automatically. Youcan select a layer from this list in which to put all feature codesof the same type. This is useful if you are handling largeamounts of data that you want to display in different layers. Thelayer does not have to exist in the Trimble Geomatics Officesoftware. It is created on the fly if it is required during featurecode processing.


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9. In the Annotation list, select the annotation template youcreated earlier, as shown below:

This means that all points coded with tree are annotated withthe elevation to the left of the point, as defined in the previoussection.

10. Select the Attributes tab. Use this tab to define the set ofattributes to collect in the field.

11. Click New. The New Attribute dialog appears.


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Table 17.1 describes each attribute type.

12. In the Name field, enter Girth.

Table 17.1 Attribute types

Attribute type How to use the attribute type

Menu When there is a definable set of values (strings of letters, numbers, or othercharacters) that describe the attribute. A menu definition includes the list ofpossible values and the default value. When collecting a feature in the field,select a single value from the list. For example, a road surface attribute canbe surface, with menu items asphalt, concrete, unsealed, and other.

Numeric When collecting a feature you can only enter a decimal or whole number. Youcan specify the minimum value, maximum value, number of decimal places,and the default value. For example, height.

Text When collecting a feature you can enter a string of letters, numbers, or othercharacters. You can specify the maximum length of the text string. Forexample, comments.

Date When collecting a feature you can enter a date. You can specify the format ofthe date to be used when you export the attributes in a GIS format. Forexample, date collected.

Time When collecting a feature you can enter a time. You can specify the format ofthe time to be used when you export attributes in a GIS format.

File name When collecting a feature you can enter a file name. For example, image.This prompts you to specify an image file of the feature being collected. Thisworks the same way as a text attribute type.

Separator Is not an attribute; it breaks up the list. Separators make a long list ofattributes easier to read.


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13. Select the Numeric option, as shown below:

This defines a numeric attribute named Girth.

14. Click OK. The Attribute Name and Attribute Type columns, andthe attribute properties required for a numeric attribute, appearin the dialog, as shown below:


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The items that appear in the Attribute Properties group dependon the attribute type currently selected. For more informationabout these settings, refer to the Feature and Attribute EditorHelp. For this example, enter the values shown in Table 17-2.

Note – The Field Entry list is available for all attribute types.This setting is used during entry of attribute data in the TrimbleSurvey Controller software (version 7.0 or later). For moreinformation, refer to the topic New Attribute Dialog in theFeature and Attribute Editor Help.

15. Click OK. The feature code tree appears in the Feature Codestab.

An icon attached to the bottom left corner of the feature code symbolindicates that the feature code has attributes, as shown below:

Table 17-2 Attribute properties

Field Value

Minimum 1

Maximum 10

Decimal Places 0

Default 2

Field Entry Required


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Creating a control code

Use control codes with feature codes to control how points and linesare displayed in the Trimble Geomatics Office software. During fieldwork, you can assign control codes to points. When you processfeature codes in the Trimble Geomatics Office software, the softwareprocesses the points with control codes according to the codes’built-in functions. In this part of the example, you create a controlcode. It closes a rectangle that is based on the three previous pointswith the same feature code.

To create a Close Rectangle control code:

1. Select the Control Codes tab.


The list in this dialog contains a description of the built-incontrol code functions. You cannot edit this list.


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3. Select the Close Rectangle option.

4. In the Control Code field, enter CR (for Close Rectangle) andclick OK. The new control code appears in the Control Codestab.

Saving the feature and attribute library

The feature and attribute library for this example is now complete. Tosave the library:

1. Select File / Save. The Save As dialog appears.

2. In the File name field, enter a name for the feature and attributelibrary and then click Save.

You can now transfer the feature and attribute library to the TrimbleSurvey Controller software. For more information, see Chapter 6,Transferring Files to the Trimble Survey Controller Software.

17.5.3 Using a Feature and Attribute Library in the TrimbleGeomatics Office Software

Use a feature and attribute library in the Trimble Geomatics Officesoftware to:

• set up the project for attributes. For more information, seeChapter 16, Using Attributes in the Trimble Geomatics OfficeSoftware.

• process feature codes. For more information, see Chapter 11,Feature Code Processing.


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Using attributes

You must set up the project for attributes before you import a DataCollector (*.dc) file with attributes. Setting up a project for attributesassigns the attribute definitions in the feature and attribute library tothe current project. If you have a Data Dictionary (*.ddf) file, you canuse it to set up a project for attributes. To create .ddf files, use the DataDictionary Editor utility. This is part of the GPS Pathfinder Officesoftware. For information about setting up a project for attributes, seeSetting up a Project for Attributes, page 381.

Processing feature codes in the Trimble Geomatics Officesoftware

You can process feature codes using any feature and attribute library.For information on processing feature codes, see Processing FeatureCodes, page 316.

17.6DC File EditorUse Trimble’s DC File Editor™ utility to view and edit SurveyController (*.dc) files.

Note – Trimble recommends that you edit data in the TrimbleGeomatics Office software so that if you have any problems whileediting, you can go back to the original Survey Controller (*.dc) file.

17.6.1 When to Use the DC File Editor Utility

Use the DC File Editor utility to view and edit:

• files from a Trimble data collector

• files from a Sokkia data recorder (up to version 4.03)

• any Survey Controller (*.dc) file that can be converted to theSDR format


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Use the DC File Editor utility to do the following:

• View the data in the DC File Editor utility if you have anyunexpected results in the Trimble Geomatics Office software

• Look for any erroneous data from the field

• Add any information that was not available in the field

Note – You cannot edit attributes or change the feature and attributelibrary information in DC File Editor utility.

A .dc file is divided into different records that depend on the type ofdata collected (for example, GPS or conventional). The record typesare displayed in the DC File Editor utility on the left side of theDC File Editor window. If an arrow appears in a field, you can selectthe value for that field from the list.

Viewing files in the DC File Editor utility

To view a Survey Controller (*.dc) file, do the following:

1. Select File / Open. The Open dialog appears.

2. Locate the appropriate .dc file in one of the following folders:

– If the data is not yet in the project, the .dc file is locatedunder your project folder in the Checkin subfolder.

– If the data is in the project, the .dc file is located under yourproject folder in the Data Files\Trimble Files subfolder.

– If the .dc file was created in the Trimble Geomatics Officesoftware, the .dc file is located under your project folder inthe Export subfolder.

3. Open the .dc file.

You can view the original data from the field. Any data that you canedit appears in black.

B Tip – To locate all of the records with a particular name, select Edit / Find.This is useful if, for example, you only want to view the antenna records.


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17.7QuickPlanTrimble’s QuickPlan™ utility helps you plan and schedule your GPSfield observations.

The QuickPlan utility has more features than are described in thissection. For information about other options, refer to theQuickPlan Help.

17.7.1 When to Use the QuickPlan Utility

Mission planning is the first phase of managing a surveying project.The objective is to define all significant aspects of the project so thatthe project can be performed effectively and efficiently.

The QuickPlan utility is most often used near the end of the missionplanning phase, after you do the following:

• Determine the information that your survey must produce

• Decide which surveying procedures to use

• Perform site reconnaissance

Use the QuickPlan utility to:

• predict satellite availability at each point

• experiment with satellite selection, site visibility obstructions,and elevation masks

• determine the best observation periods for a session—given anynecessary constraints on PDOP and on the hours during whichthe field crews can work

• visualize satellite availability through tables and graphicalrepresentations

The QuickPlan utility runs as a standalone utility. Your sessiondescriptions are not stored in the Trimble Geomatics Office project.However, you can define and use the sessions until you exit theprogram.


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17.7.2 Before Using the QuickPlan Utility

To obtain accurate information in the QuickPlan utility, it is importantto obtain a current almanac and understand the basic concepts ofsessions and points.

Updating the almanac

To produce accurate graphs, the QuickPlan utility requires a currentalmanac, which is a set of data used to predict satellite orbits over amoderately long period of time (about a month). The information isstored as an Ephemeris (*.eph) file in the following folder:

C:\Program Files\Common Files\Trimble\Almanacs

If your computer does not have a current Ephemeris file, do one ofthe following:

• Download it from the Trimble FTP site at:

ftp://ftp.trimble.com/pub/eph/current.eph

• Use the data transfer procedure to obtain data from a receiver.For information about transferring the file from your receiver,refer to your receiver manuals.

The QuickPlan utility automatically looks for the most current file inthe Almanacs folder. Typically, this file is named Current.eph. If thefile is not automatically found, locate and select it. If the file is out ofdate, a warning message appears.

To select a different Ephemeris file at any time when runningthe utility:

1. Select Options / Almanac. The Load File with Almanac dialogappears.

2. Locate the file that you want to load and click OK.

The selected .eph file loads and the QuickPlan utility window returns.The information in the Status window updates to reflect your changes.


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Note – If you want the QuickPlan utility to find this file automaticallyeach time you start it, copy the file to the Almanacs folder.

Creating sessions and defining points

The concepts of sessions and points are central to the operation of theQuickPlan utility. They are defined as follows:

• A session is the time period (in the correct time zone) you planto make observations.

• A point is the place at which observations take place.

17.7.3 Using the QuickPlan Utility

The following sections describe how to:

• define a session

• define a point

• view the Status window

• set auto time parameters

• view reports

• display graphs


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Defining a session

When the QuickPlan utility opens, the following dialog appears:

You can view satellite information for only one day at a time.

Use this dialog to select the date:


– Click Today, Tomorrow, or Day after tomorrow.

– Click a date button in the calendar.

– Enter the date in the date fields.

2. Click OK.

The QuickPlan utility computes satellite availability for theselected date.


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Defining a point

After the Select Date dialog closes, the following dialog appears:

Use this dialog to define the point to be used to calculate the satellitegraphs and plots. Use a point near the center of your project area.

To define a point:


– If you know the latitude and longitude for the point, clickKeyboard. Enter the appropriate values for the point.

– If you are working in or near a major city, click Cities.Select the city and click Keyboard to update thedefault values.

– If you would like to work with a map view, clickWorld Map to locate your area using the mouse pointer.Select a city and click Keyboard to update thedefault values.

2. Click OK to return to the Edit Point dialog.

3. Click OK.


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Viewing the status window

After the Edit Point dialog closes, the QuickPlan utility displays theStatus window, as shown below:

At this point, the main menu bar is available.

You can use the Options menu to set the following:

• SVs

• Almanac

• Time Zone

• SV Sample Rate

• Elevation Mask

• #SVs Receiver can Track

The Status window will update to show your current settings.


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Setting auto time parameters

Use the Auto View Time Selection dialog to define the parameters to beused when displaying satellite information. For example, you can setthe working hours for your field crews so you see information for onlythat time period.

To use the Auto View Time Selection dialog:

1. Select Options / Auto Time. The following dialog appears:

2. Enter the appropriate information and click OK.


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Viewing reports

You can view reports in table format. The sample report below showsthe azimuth and elevation of each visible satellite for the timeincrement specified by the Options / SV Sampling Rate.

To select the type of report to view:

1. Select Options / Report Type. The Report Type dialog appears.

2. Select the Azimuth Elevation option (to display a report asshown in this example) and click OK.

To view the report:

• Click Options / Show Report. A report appears, as shownbelow:


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Displaying graphs

Use the Graphs menu to display information in graphical format forthe last point added or edited in the session. The time interval used forthese graphs is based on the working hours specified using Options /Auto Time (see page 452). The interval is based on the entire day ifoptions have not been set.

To view graphs:

1. Select the Graphs menu.

2. Select one or more graphs to display, such as the Number SVsand PDOP graph shown:

To print a graph:

1. Display and select the graph in the QuickPlan utility window.

2. Select File / Print Graph. The Print dialog appears.

3. Complete the standard Print dialog commands.


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17.7.4 Exiting the QuickPlan Utility

To end a run of the QuickPlan utility or exit the program:

• Select File / Exit.

Your session is not saved in your project database, but it will be theinitial session when you restart the QuickPlan utility.

17.8Convert to RINEXThe Receiver INdependent EXchange (RINEX) format is an ASCIIrepresentation of GPS data collected by receivers. Trimble’s Convertto RINEX™ utility converts binary .dat format files collected usingTrimble survey receivers into ASCII RINEX format files.

17.8.1 When to Use the Convert to RINEX Utility

Agencies that make data available to the general public use theRINEX format. Use the Convert to RINEX utility to convert yourTrimble .dat files into this universally accepted format.

Use the Convert to RINEX utility to create the following types ofRINEX files from Trimble .dat files:

• Observation – raw GPS observations with stationantenna information

• Navigation – GPS orbits

• Meteorological – pressure, temperature, and relative humidity

RINEX Observation and Navigation files are created by default.You can also choose to create a RINEX Meteorological file.


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17.8.2 Selecting Folders and Files

When you run the Convert to RINEX utility, the following dialogappears:

Use the Convert to RINEX dialog to specify the input .dat file and theoutput folder for the converted RINEX file.

To select the Input .dat file:

1. Use Browse to locate the folder and .dat file to be converted.The following dialog appears:


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2. In the Look in field, select the folder containing the .dat file tobe converted.

3. In the File name list, select the file to be converted and thenclick Open. The Convert to RINEX dialog returns.

From the Convert to RINEX dialog, select the Output folder for yourRINEX files:

• Enter the name of the folder, or use Browse to open a dialog tonavigate to an output folder, and then click OK.

When you are satisfied with your selections:

• Click OK to continue to the conversion Configuration dialog.

17.8.3 Configuring the RINEX Conversion

After you have confirmed the file and folder selections, the followingdialog appears:


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The selections in the Configuration dialog provide information used inthe RINEX conversion process for three types of controls: output files,antenna information, and header information.

This dialog provides all the control you need for typical use.For additional control, you can click the following buttons:

• Header to access the Header Field Override dialog

• Controls to access the special Controls dialog

The dialog controls and configuration information are outlined in thefollowing sections.

Configuring the output files

The Output Files fields are described in Table 17.3.

Table 17.3 Output file configuration

Field Description

Prefix(up to 8 characters)

The output RINEX files have identical prefixes, which default to the prefixof the .dat file being converted. To override the default, enter a prefix.

Suffix The suffix types can be .yyo, .yyn, .yym (where yy represents the last 2digits of the year and o, n, and m distinguish the file type ), .obs, .nav,or .met.The .yyo, .yyn, and .yym suffixes are most commonly used. Thisinformation is retained from one run of the utility to the next.

Met There are three options for controlling the creation of the RINEXMeteorological (.met) files:

Do not create – prevents creation of the MET file.

Create if DAT file contains Met info – creates a MET file only if MET datawere entered into the .dat file during data collection.

Always create – creates a file even if no MET data is present in the file. Ifno MET data is found, a RINEX MET file with a single entry containingdefault parameters will be created.

This information is retained from one run of the utility to the next.

Rinex Version You can specify the version of RINEX file to create.


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Configuring the antenna information

The Antenna information:

• defines the antenna type recorded in the RINEX Observationfile

• controls how corrections are made to the raw antennameasurements recorded in the .dat file

This information is read from the .dat file as described in Table 17.4.

Table 17.4 Antenna configuration

Field Description

Type The RINEX standard specifies that all antenna heights are to be corrected torepresent the height from the base of the antenna to the survey mark.

If no antenna type is found in the file, use this field to specify the type ofantenna to be recorded in the RINEX Observation file.

If you want to override the antenna type recorded in the .dat file, use thisfield to specify a different type of antenna.

Correction The Correction selection determines how antenna height measurements(recorded in the .dat file) are corrected during the conversion to RINEX. Youcan enable or disable default or custom corrections with the followingselections:

For most cases, select Correct to Base (standard RINEX).

Select Correct to antenna phase center to record antenna heights to thenominal L1 phase center.

Select Do not correct to suppress all antenna height corrections and recordonly raw antenna measurements.

Apply additionalvertical offset

In some situations, you may need to apply a fixed vertical offset to antennameasurements. For example, if a nonstandard antenna type or configurationwas used and you must adjust heights to account for this set up, enter anonzero value to apply a fixed vertical offset to all antenna measurements.Use the default value of 0.0 m to disable fixed vertical adjustments.


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To edit the antenna information:

• Click Edit. The following dialog appears:

To make changes in the Edit Antenna Height dialog:

1. Select a Measurement method or enter the Original antennaheight information.

2. Click Correct to calculate the correction.

3. Click Previous or Next to edit antenna measurements for otheroccupations when more than one point was observed in a file.

4. Click OK to return to the Configuration dialog.


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Configuring the header information

Use the Header Information fields in the Configuration dialog tocontrol information that is written to the header of the RINEXObservation file.

Note – The Required fields are retained by default by the Convert toRINEX utility from one conversion to the next, but the Marker fieldsare not.

Table 17.5 describes the Header Information fields.

17.8.4 Using the Header Field Override Dialog

Use the Header Field Override dialog to manually define the fields inthe header. You will not usually need to define the fields.

Note – The Convert to RINEX utility defaults to the Time option Offsetand Zone fields from the previous run. Clear these fields if it is nolonger necessary to override these values.

Table 17.5 Header information configuration

Field Description

Marker Enter values in the Name and Number fields to override the default values.The default values are derived from the site occupation information loggedin the .dat file.

Required Enter information in the Required fields the first time you run the utility. Theinformation in these fields is used by default when you perform conversions.You can modify this information for subsequent conversions.

Run by – name of the person or agency running the Convert to RINEX utility

Observer – name of the person who collected the survey data

Agency – name of the agency or company responsible for collecting thedata


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To access the Header Field Override dialog:

• In the Configuration dialog (page 457), click Header. Thefollowing dialog appears:

Define header information in the fields as outlined in Table 17.6.

You can click Default at any time to restore values to those derivedfrom the .dat file.

Table 17.6 Header field override

Group Description

Receiver Enter the receiver Type (the manufacturer and modelnumber), serial Number, and firmware Version. This isdetermined automatically from the .dat file.

Marker XYZ(WGS-84)

Enter the marker coordinates in the X, Y, and Z fields. Allcoordinates are in meters.

Antenna Enter information for the Type and serial Number, if theinformation extracted from the .dat file is missing orincorrect.

Time options Enter the Offset (in hours) from UTC/GMT and thethree-letter Zone to be included in the time portion of theRINEX file creation date field.


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17.8.5 Using the Controls Dialog

The parameters provided in the Controls dialog determine how theGPS data in the RINEX Observation file will be created.

To access the Controls dialog:

• From the Configuration dialog, click Controls. The followingdialog appears:

Note – The Antenna is in motion initially and Adjust observations andclock controls are provided for some special cases as described inTable 17.7.

Define the controls as outlined in Table 17.7.

Table 17.7 Controls dialog – check boxes and information

Check box Description

Log L1 Doppler Select this option to include L1 Doppler data in the RINEXObservation file.

Antenna is inmotion initially

Select this option only if a data file was collected using astatic data collection method (for example, aQUICKSTART survey) but the antenna was mounted on amoving platform. For example, use this option when pureon-the-fly (OTF) data is collected for camera positioning ina photogrammetric application.

TruncateMARKERnames to 4characters

Select this option if it is required for compatibility with othermanufacturers’ systems.


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17.8.6 Creating the RINEX Conversion File

After specifying all of your configuration parameters:

• In the Configuration dialog, click OK to create the file.

The utility creates the RINEX files in your specified output folder.

The Convert to RINEX dialog remains open. If you have more files toconvert, repeat the steps as outlined above.

SuppressMARKERNUMBERrecords

Select this option if it is required for compatibility with othermanufacturers’ systems.

Adjustobservationsand clocks

Select this option only if the processing software requiresclock offset values in the RINEX Observation file.

Table 17.7 Controls dialog – check boxes and information (Continued)

Check box Description


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17.9A1 ViewerTrimble’s A1 Viewer utility lets you view the contents of a GPSurveyProject Archive (*.A1) file and then extract (save) the selected files toa destination directory. The A1 Viewer works independently of theGPSurvey software, so you do not need to load this software onto yourcomputer.

After saving the GPSurvey project data files, you can use the importfunctions in the Trimble Geomatics Office software to import the datainto the current project.

17.9.1 Files Supported by the A1 Viewer Utility

Only the files that were archived during the GPSurvey archive processare available for viewing:

• SSF/SSK files – These files contain the baseline solution resultsfrom the GPSurvey WAVE processor. To import these files intoa Trimble Geomatics Office project:

a. Select File / Import. The Import dialog appears.

b. In the Survey tab, select the SSF/SSK files (*.ssf,*.ssk)option.

• GPS Data files – These files contain the raw GPS data collectedin the field. Two types of files are available for import: .dat (rawGPS data files from a Trimble receiver) and .rnx (raw RINEXdata files converted for use in the WAVE processor) files. Toimport these files into a Trimble Geomatics Office project:


b. In the Survey tab, select the GPS Data files (*.dat) option.

Note – To view the available .rnx files in the Open dialog, theFiles of type field must show the All files *.* option.

• Adjusted Coordinate Files – These files contain the adjustedcoordinates from a GPSurvey archived project:


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– The Curr_net.dat file is used to import your coordinatesinto the Trimble Geomatics Office software.

– The Coords.log file is in ASCII format and only availablefor viewing with a text editor.

To import GPSurvey coordinate files into a Trimble GeomaticsOffice project:


b. In the Survey tab, select the GPSurvey Coordinates(curr_net.dat) option.

The points in the GPSurvey project can be in geographic or gridcoordinate format, and in any coordinate system.

C Warning – For the coordinate import to work correctly, the coordinatesystem of the Trimble Geomatics Office project coordinate systemproperties must match the GPSurvey project coordinate systemproperties exactly.

Note – When the file (curr_net.dat) is read, the importeridentifies which coordinates were “fixed”s during theGPSurvey adjustment. There must be at least one fixedcoordinate component (NE, e, h) in the file before all coordinatecomponents of the same type are imported. For example, onefixed elevation is required before elevations are imported. Allimported components are given a quality of control.

• Local Geoid Grid (*.ggf) files – These files contain the geoiddata created in, or imported into, a GPSurvey project. Thesefiles are created using the residual geoid modeling function inthe TRIMNET™ Plus software. This filter does not display theGlobal .ggf files (that is, WW15MGH, GEOID99) that wereavailable in GPSurvey.


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To use the .ggf file in the Trimble Geomatics Office software,save the file to the Program Files\CommonFiles\Trimble\GeoData folder, then use the Coordinate SystemManager utility to add the geoid to the coordinate systemdatabase. For more information, see the Coordinate SystemManager Help.

For more information about the A1 Viewer utility, refer to the Help.

17.10Grid FactoryUse Trimble’s Grid Factory™ utility to create:

• Trimble Geoid Grid (*.ggf) files from geoid models publishedin other formats

• Trimble Datum Grid (*.dgf) files from datum grids published inother formats

Note – You can subgrid geoid models and combine Datum Grid files inthe Trimble Geomatics Office software. For more information, seeChapter 6, Transferring Files to the Trimble Survey ControllerSoftware.

The Grid Factory utility is not installed in a typical installation. Youneed to specify a custom installation. To do this:

1. Follow the Trimble Geomatics Office installation wizard untilyou reach the Setup Type dialog.

2. In the Setup Type dialog, select the Custom install option andclick Next. The Select Components dialog appears.

3. Select the Grid Factory check box and click Next.

4. Complete the custom installation.

For more information about using the Grid Factory utility, see the GridFactory Help.


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For more information about subgridding Geoid Grid (*.ggf) files andcombining Datum Grid files for transfer to the Trimble SurveyController software, see Chapter 6, Transferring Files to the TrimbleSurvey Controller Software.

17.11NGS Antenna ModelsYou can use one of two antenna model sets—Trimble or NGS—withthe Trimble Geomatics Office software. Your survey requirements willdetermine which antenna model set to use.

The Trimble antenna set is installed as the default. However, to installthe NGS antenna models, run the antenna model installation program,tgongsu1.exe. This file is located in the Additional Utilities folder onthe Trimble Geomatics Office CD.

When you run this file you are asked to select the antenna model thatyou want to use. Select the NGS antenna model option. The softwareadds NGS Antenna Model (*.ngs) files to the Program Files\CommonFiles\Trimble\Config directory. To change back to the Trimble antennaset, run the antenna model installation program again and select theTrimble Antenna Model option.

Note – You can only run the NGS antenna model installation if youhave the Baseline Processing module installed with your TrimbleGeomatics Office software.


A P P E N D I X

A
A Custom Import, Export, andReport FormatsIn this chapter:
■ Introduction

■ Field codes

■ Custom formats

■ Creating an export format

A Custom Import, Export, and Report Formats

A.1 IntroductionCustom formats are formats for exporting, importing, and reportingthat you define to suit your purposes. This chapter introduces fieldcodes and shows you how to use them to define custom formats. Italso provides you with an example of how to create a custom exportformat.

A.2 Field CodesField codes are special instructions that instruct the TrimbleGeomatics Office software to insert information into fields and customformats. Field codes are macros and are always enclosed in squarebrackets. The software treats any characters inside the brackets as apossible field code expression and replaces them by the correspondingfield code value. Text not included in brackets is written directly to thefield or custom format.

Field codes can be used for annotations; labels; and custom export,import, and report formats.

An example of a field code is [Elevation]. If this field code is includedin a custom report, the software reports the elevation of points.

To access field codes:

• In the field that you want to add field codes to, right-click toaccess the shortcut menu, and then select Fields (if field codesare available).

Field codes are context sensitive so only valid field codes areavailable.

The syntax of a field code can include three elements:

• Context

• Name

• Options


Custom Import, Export, and Report Formats A

The syntax required is [context.name:options], where context andoptions are optional. The following sections discuss these elements.

A.2.1 Context

The context components give a field code a specific context. Forexample, the field code [Name] returns the point name. If you want touse a field code to insert the name of the project name, the expressionmust include the context $Project ([$Project.Name]). If you leave outthe context component, the Trimble Geomatics Office software usesthe most logical context.

A.2.2 Name

The name field states the field code required. For example, to createan export format with the point name, northing, and easting, use thefollowing expression:

[Name:20] [Northing:11.3] [Easting:11.3]

Figure A.1 is an example of a file that uses the above field codes.

Figure A.1 Output file using field codes in a custom format

11 characters (3 decimal places)

11 characters (3 decimal places)20 characters



A.2.3 Options

The options that you can include with a field code are usuallymodifiers. Field code modifiers are special commands that modify thefield code’s output. In the expression [Name:20], :20 is a modifier. Itspecifies the width of the field code.

Modifiers can define:

• decimal places

• the width of a field

• justification

• upper and lower case

For more information, refer to the topic Modifiers in the Help.

A useful modifier when defining a custom import format is the skipmodifier. Use skip when, in the file that you are importing, there is afield that you want the Trimble Geomatics Office software to ignore.Skip is only available when defining import formats. An example is:

[Layer:skip]

This skips the Layer value in the imported file and imports the point tothe current layer.

A.2.4 Other Field Codes

You can use field codes to specify information other than point data.The software groups these field codes into a number of headings thatall begin with the character $. The three main types are:

• System

• Project

• Coordinate system



System field codes

Use system field codes to access system details, for example, Time andDate. The system values are written to the custom format.

To use system field codes:

• In the appropriate field, right-click to access the shortcut menu,and then select Fields / Advanced / More / $System.

The available system fields appear. For information on the use of eachfield, refer to the topic System Field Codes in the Help.

Use system field codes to modify outputs from existing field codes.This ensures that the data is in the required format. For example, thesystem field code replace ([$System.Replace<x><y>]) finds alloccurrences of the string x in the current line. It then replaces themwith the string y.

Project field codes

Use project field codes to include project fields, for example, theproject name.

To use project field codes:

• In the appropriate field, right-click to access the shortcut menu,and then select Fields / Advanced / More / $Project.

The available project field codes appear. For more information, referto the topic Project Field Codes in the Help.

Coordinate system field codes

Use coordinate system field codes to access specific details of thecoordinate system for the project.

To use coordinate system field codes:

• In the appropriate field, right-click to access the shortcut menu,and then select Fields / Advanced / More / $Coordinate system.

The available coordinate system fields appear. For more information,refer to the topic Coordinate System Field Codes in the Help.



A.3 Custom FormatsA custom format consists of a format header, format body, and aformat footer. To add or modify these, select field codes from theshortcut menu in the appropriate format group. The field codesavailable are context sensitive and depend on the table or queryspecified in the Export from, Import as, or Report on fields of thedialog you are using.

A.3.1 Format Header

The format header includes any headings that you want at the top ofthe file before the data is written, for example, the coordinate systemor project name.

A.3.2 Format Body

The format body consists of a combination of field codes thatrepresent the data that is imported, exported, or reported on.

A.3.3 Format Footer

The format footer includes any definition that you want at the bottomof the file before the data is written, for example, an EOF (end of file)command.



A.3.4 Custom Format Definition Dialogs

Table A.1 describes each item in the dialogs.

Table A.1 Fields for a custom format definition

Item Description

Name Each custom format needs a name. The software adds it to the customformats list.

Null string Defines how null values are represented in a file, for example, a ?. This fieldis not available when you are creating a report. It is important if you areexporting to a software package that does not support nulls.

Description When the format is highlighted, this appears in the status bar of the TrimbleGeomatics Office software.

Defaultextension

If you are defining an import format, the Open dialog uses the extensionspecified here to filter the files in the folder that you are viewing. If you areexporting, the extension specified is given to the created file. This field is notapplicable when defining reports.

Import as /Export from /Report on

These fields refer to the database table or query that the points are importedto, exported from, or reported from, depending on the custom format you aredefining. For importing, this is always the point table. For exporting andreporting, you can use the main database tables, and any export queriesyou have added to the database. You can also export or report on thepredefined queries which link more than one table by a common field. Otherthan for queries, you cannot export or report on more than one databasetable for each format.

Fill FormatAutomatically

Use this button to read the database table or query that is specified in theImport as, Export from, or Report on field. The Format body field is filled witheach item in the database table or query. You can then remove any fields inthe Format body field that you do not require. When you click Fill FormatAutomatically, the Insert Format dialog appears. Select the way you wantto separate each field.



Note – You must enclose each field in square brackets (for example,[Northing]). You can enter free text in the Format Body field if you arereporting or exporting, but any free text entered in this field for animport format is ignored.

Use the keyboard or the mouse to add field codes individually. To dothis:

1. In the Format body field, right-click to access the shortcutmenu, and then select Fields. (For more field options, selectFields / Advanced). All fields appear in the next submenu.

2. Select the field that you want to use.

The field that you select appears, enclosed in square brackets, in theFormat body field.

Note – If you right-click to add fields, the fields that become availabledepend on whether you are adding the fields to the format header orformat body.

Format header The entries in this field specify which headings appear in the custom format,for example, when you include the coordinate system definition. In theFormat Header field, right-click. Select Fields. Choose the information thatyou want to include. You can also add any text in the Format Header field.Make sure that any free text is not enclosed in brackets.

Format body The entries in this field define which fields in the table or query are used inthe custom format. Right-click to access the shortcut menu and then thefields. If you are creating an import format, the order of the fields must matchthe order of the values in the file or files to be imported. If you are creatingan export format, make sure that the fields are in the correct order; that is,the order of the values in the export file should satisfy the requirements forany additional software that use the export file.

Format footer The entries in this field specify which definitions appear at the bottom of thecustom format. For example, to include the product name and version, in theFormat Footer field, right-click to access the shortcut menu and then selectFields. Choose the $System.About option. You can also add any text in theFormat Footer field. Make sure that any free text is not enclosed in brackets.

Table A.1 Fields for a custom format definition (Continued)

Item Description



A.4 Creating an Export FormatThis example shows you how to create an export format that containsthe point name, feature code, northing, and easting for all points in thedatabase. To do this, you use field codes to define the data structure ofthe file.

To create a custom export format:





2. Select the Custom tab, as shown below:



3. Click New format. The following dialog appears:

4. In the Name field, enter Example.

5. In the Description field, enter Outputs points in format for example.

This text appears in the status bar when the format is selected.

6. Leave the Null string field clear because you want any nulls tobe exported as blank. However, remember to check the softwarepackage in which you plan to use the exported file. It shouldexplain how it handles null values.

7. In the Default extension field, enter txt. This names the exportedfile, Example.txt.

8. In the Export from field, select Point information.



9. Leave the Format header field clear as the required format doesnot require special header lines as part of the definition.

10. In the Format body area of the dialog, enter the definition forthe output lines. To do this:

a. Click in this area.

b. Enter PT= as the starting fixed text for the line definition.

11. Once the fixed text in step 10 is entered, the format requires thepoint name for a database point. Use field codes to retrievedatabase information.

To do this:

– In the Format body field, right-click to access the shortcutmenu, and then select Fields.

All database field codes appear in the next submenu. Select theappropriate database field code. (For this example, selectName.)

The format definition becomes PT=[Name].

12. Enter ,CODE= directly after [Name].

13. Use the field codes to select Feature code.



This places the field code [Feature code] at the end of the existingdefinition and gives the following definition:

PT=[Name],CODE=[Feature code]

14. Add another comma to the definition and then add the fieldcodes [Northing], [Easting], and [Elevation], also separated bycommas.

To do this, do one of the following:

– Enter the required text.

– Use the shortcut menu to select the field codes.

The following full definition appears:

PT=[Name],CODE=[Feature code],[Northing],[Easting],[Elevation]

The definition produces the format required.

However, to illustrate the use of field code modifiers, the followingsteps show you how to output coordinate values to two decimalplaces:

1. At the end of the field code to be modified (for example, in[Northing], right-click to access the shortcut menu, and thenselect Fields / Advanced / Modifiers / width.decimal places.The following dialog appears:



2. In the Width field, enter 0. The zero indicates that as manyfigures before the decimal point will be output as required.

3. In the Decimal places field, enter 2 and then click OK.

:0.2 is added to the end of the field code, for example,[Northing:0.2].

Note – Alternatively, before exporting the data, set theCoordinate decimal places option in File / ProjectProperties / Units and Format tab to two decimal places.

4. Click OK to save the definition and return to the Export dialog,where Example is selected.

5. In the Export group, select the Whole database option.

6. Click OK. The Save As dialog appears.

7. In the File name field, enter a name for the file and thenclick Save.

The file is created in the folder that you have selected.


A P P E N D I X

B
B Recomputation
In this chapter:

■ Introduction

■ How a recomputation determines the calculated positions for observedpoints

■ How a recomputation uses multiple observations and coordinates for apoint

■ How a recomputation determines the quality of observed points

■ Points moved or adjusted using the Trimble Geomatics Office software

■ Project height

■ Using the Recompute report

B Recomputation

B.1 IntroductionA recomputation is the process of determining the calculated positionof a point. The Trimble Geomatics Office software performs arecomputation on all data; that is, all GPS, conventional, terrestrial,delta elevation, and laser rangefinder observations, and keyed-incoordinates for a point. It uses these observations and keyed-incoordinates to determine the position and quality for the point.

A recomputation:

• calculates the position for the points measured in the field

• gives a point position an appropriate quality

• detects and reports misclosures in data

• creates a Recompute report

If a point has redundant survey data, the Point Derivation report showswhich observation/s or keyed-in coordinates were used to establish thecalculated position. The Recompute report shows any redundantobservations that are out of tolerance. Tolerances are defined in theRecompute tab of the Project Properties dialog. For more informationabout the Project Properties dialog, see Chapter 3, Setting up aProject.

A recomputation is necessary whenever you add data to the project oredit existing data, for example if you change an antenna height for aGPS observation.

When you need a recomputation, the Recompute icon appears inthe status bar of the software.

To perform a recomputation, do one of the following:

• Select Survey / Recompute.

• Press [F4].

• In the status bar, double-click the Recompute icon (if available).

• Right-click to access the shortcut menu, and then selectRecompute.


Recomputation B

You can perform a recomputation at any time. However, if theRecompute icon is not displayed in the status bar, it is not usuallynecessary.

A recomputation:

• does not distribute errors

• uses adjusted, control, or survey quality keyed-in coordinates inpreference to observations.

Note – In this chapter, the term keyed-in coordinates refers tocoordinates for a point that are either keyed in using the TrimbleGeomatics Office software, or imported from a data file to the TrimbleGeomatics Office project.

B.2 How a Recomputation Determines the CalculatedPositions for Observed Points

Figure B.1 shows how a recomputation finds the calculated positionfor points observed in the field.


B Recomputation

Figure B.1 A recomputation process flowchart

Starting points are determined.

The positions for all potential starting points are determined.

All observations from the current starting point are applied in the directionthat the vector was observed.

The highest component (NE,e,h) qualities are used to determine the current starting point.

The projection (local grid) coordinates of the observed point(s) are determinedusing the coordinate system defined for the project.

The quality of each observed point is determined.

If a coordinated point has observations flowing from it, the recomputation continues to coordinate points until all the observations that can be used

to calculate the position of a point are used.

If there are still points in the project that do not have a position calculated forthem, and remaining observations that can be used to coordinate these points,

the next highest quality starting point becomes the current starting point.This process continues until all points have positions or there are no remaining

observations that can be used to calculate the positions of the point.


Recomputation B

Note – When determining the calculated position for a point, arecomputation does not use disabled observations or disabledkeyed-in coordinates. It only uses observations or keyed-incoordinates that are enabled as a check if the positions of points in theproject cannot be determined by any other observations orcoordinates. To enable and disable observations, use the Propertieswindow. For more information, see Chapter 9, Viewing and EditingData.

The following sections describe each step in Figure B.1 in detail.

B.2.1 How a Recomputation Determines Potential Starting Points

Firstly, a recomputation determines the potential starting points. Arecomputation can start with any point that has the followingcharacteristics:

• Keyed-in coordinates (3D or 2D), and

• One or more observations from the point

For example, Figure B.2 shows a Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) basethat has a keyed-in coordinate and observations flowing out from it.This is a potential starting point.


B Recomputation

Figure B.2 Potential starting point

B.2.2 How a Recomputation Determines the Position and Qualityfor all Potential Starting Points

The position of the starting point is determined from the keyed-incoordinate. A potential starting point usually has only one set ofkeyed-in coordinates. The quality of each position component(NE,e,h) is inherited from the quality of the keyed-in coordinate. If theelevation or height component is not keyed in, then the geoid model isused to derive the missing component. If the points in your projectonly have one keyed-in coordinate for the starting point, continuefrom the section How Recompute Uses the Component Qualities toDetermine the Current Starting Point, page B-10.

Not a starting point

Starting point


Recomputation B

A point may have more than one set of keyed-in coordinates if you:

• key in coordinates for a point and perform an adjustment (if youhave the Network Adjustment module installed) withoutholding the point fixed. (This creates an adjusted set ofcoordinates for the point).

• import WGS-84 coordinates and grid control coordinates for apoint

• import a WGS-84 coordinate and an elevation. An elevation isstored as part of a grid coordinate.

In this case, the recomputation uses certain criteria to determine whichof the coordinates to use as the calculated position. If it cannot find asingle set of coordinates using the first criterion, it applies the next.The criteria, in order, are as follows:

1. The status (enabled/disabled) of the coordinates

2. The highest quality component (NE,e,h)

3. WGS-84 coordinates

4. Grid coordinates

The status (enabled) of the coordinates

A recomputation considers enabled coordinates first. If there are noenabled coordinates, it considers coordinates that are enabled ascheck.

Disabled coordinates are never considered. To enable and disablecoordinates, use the Properties window or the Multiple Edit dialog.

The highest quality component (NE,e,h)

If there is more than one enabled set of coordinates, the recomputationtakes the highest quality components from all of the availablekeyed-in coordinates for the point.


B Recomputation

The three components are:

• Horizontal

• Elevation

• Height

Note – These components do not have to come from the same set ofcoordinate group.

Table B.1 shows the possible qualities of the three components andranks them from highest to lowest. In this chapter, the order of thequalities is referred to as the quality hierarchy.

Table B.1 The quality hierarchy

Rank Quality Symbol

1 Control (fixed in adjustment) (yellow)

2 Adjusted

3 Control (not fixed in adjustment) (blue)

4 Survey

5 Mapping

6 Unknown


Recomputation B

In the Properties window, the symbol for the quality appears next toeach component. Figure B.3 shows the Properties window displayinga point that has a control quality horizontal component, survey qualityelevation component, and mapping quality height component.

Figure B.3 Properties window displaying the qualities of a point’s components

Coordinate Type

If the two coordinates have the same quality, the type of coordinate isconsidered. WGS-84 coordinates are used in preference to Grid/Localcoordinates.

Control qualityhorizontal

Survey qualityelevation

Mapping qualityheight

component

component

component


B Recomputation

B.2.3 How a Recomputation Uses the Component Qualities toDetermine the Current Starting Point

If there is more than one potential starting point, the recomputationchooses the highest quality point as the current starting point. It usesthe following quality hierarchy:

1. Control

2. Adjusted

3. Survey

4. Mapping

5. Unknown

The recomputation considers each component quality. If the qualityfor the point position is different for each component, it firstlyconsiders the horizontal quality, then the height, and then finally theelevation.

Table B.2 shows part of the quality hierarchy, which determines whichof the potential starting points becomes the current starting point (thequality hierarchy extends beyond what is shown in the table). Theshaded cells show the qualities that the recomputation prefers.

Table B.2 Part of the quality hierarchy that determinesstarting points

Horizontal quality Height quality Elevation quality

Control Control Any quality

Control Any quality Control

Control Adjusted Any quality

Control Any quality Adjusted

Control Survey Any quality

Control Any quality Survey

Control Mapping Any quality

Control Any quality Mapping


Recomputation B

For example, a point can have the following component qualities:

• Horizontal quality – control

• Height quality – unknown

• Elevation quality – unknown

It is then used as a starting point before a point with the followingcomponent qualities:

• Horizontal quality – survey

• Height quality – survey

• Elevation quality – mapping

Make sure that the point that you want to use as a starting point orseeding coordinate has control quality components.

Note – If there is more than one potential starting point with the samequalities for all components, the recomputation uses the first onestored in the project.

Control Unknown Any quality

Control Any quality Unknown

Adjusted Control Any quality

Adjusted Any quality Control

Table B.2 Part of the quality hierarchy that determinesstarting points (Continued)

Horizontal quality Height quality Elevation quality


B Recomputation

B.2.4 How a Recomputation Applies Observations from theCurrent Starting Point

The recomputation applies an observation from a starting point indifferent ways according to the observation type. It applies:

• GPS observations on the WGS-84 ellipsoid.

• Conventional and laser rangefinder observations on the localellipsoid – unless the Reduce terrestrial observations toellipsoid (Sea Level correction) option is not selected. Thisoption is located in the Recompute tab of the Project Propertiesdialog. In this case, the recomputation applies terrestrialobservations at ground level. For more information, refer to thetopic Ellipsoid Level Correction in the Help.

• Delta elevations – are applied to existing elevations in an initialrecompution.

The following sections describe these applications.

B.2.5 GPS Observations

A recomputation performs the following actions to determine theposition for points observed using GPS:

1. Converts current starting point coordinates to WGS-84 latitude,longitude, and height (LLH).

2. Converts these coordinates to WGS-84 Cartesian coordinates(X, Y, Z).

3. Applies the ground-to-ground GPS vector (delta X, delta Y, anddelta Z) to the WGS-84 Cartesian coordinates of the startingpoint. This provides a Cartesian WGS-84 position for theobserved point.


Recomputation B

Note – The GPS baseline applied is an adjusted baseline ifnetwork adjustment transformation parameters exist in theproject. For information on network adjustment transformationparameters, refer to the topic Transformation Parameters –Overview in the Help (if you have the Network Adjustmentmodule installed).

4. Converts the observed point to a WGS-84 latitude, longitude,height.

5. Uses the coordinate system selected for the project to derive theprojection coordinates for each point from its WGS-84 position.It also uses any GPS site calibration applied to the project.

6. The resultant coordinate becomes the current position of thepoint.

Direction of GPS baselines

By default, a recomputation applies all Real-Time Kinematic (RTK)GPS observations in the direction that you observed the baseline (baseto rover). However, GPS baselines observed using a Postprocessedtechnique (Static, or FastStatic) do not have an observation direction.

The direction of these baselines is determined by coordinate seedingwhen GPS baselines are processed. The seeding algorithm ensures thatbaselines are stored in the direction from the point with the highestquality position to the point with the lowest quality position.A recomputation applies the baseline in this direction.

You can change the direction of a GPS baseline so that therecomputation applies it in the opposite direction.

To do this:

1. Select the observation.

2. Select Edit / Reverse Observation Flowout.

Make sure that the point you want the baseline to flow out from has aposition, for example, a position derived from a keyed-in WGS-84latitude, longitude, and height coordinate; or an observation.


B Recomputation

If the point does not have a derived position, the change in direction ofthe baseline is not applied. For more information, see Reversing theDirection of Observations, page 207.

B.2.6 Conventional and Laser Rangefinder Observations

When conventional observations are imported:

• Vertical angles are corrected for curvature and refraction

• Slope distances are corrected for atmospheric errors (ppmcorrection)

• Horizontal observations are converted to horizontal angles fromthe backsight

A recomputation performs the following actions to determine theposition for points observed conventionally or with a laserrangefinder:

1. A recomputation does one of the following:

– If the observation is a laser rangefinder observation, therecomputation applies magnetic declination to theobserved azimuth.

– If the observation is a conventional observation, therecomputation applies the prism constant to the slopedistance.

2. It reduces observed slope distances to horizontal grounddistances.

3. If the Reduce terrestrial observations to ellipsoid (Sea Levelcorrection) option is selected in the Recompute tab of theProject Properties dialog, it reduces ground distances toellipsoid distances. If an adjustment is performed, all distanceswill be reduced to the ellipsoid.

4. It adds the instrument height to the elevation.


Recomputation B

5. It uses the coordinate system defined for the project to convertthe current starting point to local latitude, longitude, and height(the observation is applied along the ellipsoid).

6. The following rules are used to determine the backsight azimuth(for conventional observations only):

a. If only the position of the instrument point and thebacksight points are known, (this is, there is no keyed-inazimuth) the recomputation uses the backsight azimuthdetermined from the inverse between the two points

b. If only a keyed-in azimuth is available (and the backsightpoint does not have a coordinate), the recomputation usesthis as the backsight azimuth.

c. If both positions of the instrument point and the backsightpoint are known, and a keyed-in azimuth is available, thequality of each azimuth is determined and the hierarchy inTable B-3, page 498, is used to determine which azimuth isused as the backsight azimuth.

For example, if a survey-quality instrument and backsightpoint pair exist, along with a control quality keyed-inazimuth, the keyed-in azimuth is used for the backsightazimuth.

Note – To compute the quality of the backsight azimuth, thehorizontal quality for the instrument point and the backsightpoint are examined and the lowest quality is taken. Forexample, if the instrument point has a control quality and thebacksight point has a mapping quality, the backsight azimuthwill have a mapping quality.


B Recomputation

B Tip – The quality of a keyed-in azimuth can be edited.

B Tip – If you want the keyed-in azimuth to be used in preference to theazimuth determined between the instrument and the backsight point, editthe quality of the keyed-in azimuth position so that it is higher in thehierarchy than the azimuth determined between the instrument and thebacksight point.

7. It applies the horizontal angle to the backsight azimuth todetermine the grid azimuth (for conventional only).

8. It applies the magnetic declination to the magnetic azimuth todetermine the grid azimuth (for laser only).

9. It applies the observation along the ellipsoid to determine alocal latitude and longitude for the observed point.

10. To determine the elevation for the observed point, it subtractsthe target height from the instrument height to find the deltaheight. It then adds this to the elevation of the instrument setuppoint.

11. It uses the coordinate system selected for the project to convertthe coordinates to local grid coordinates.

Table B-3 Backsight azimuth quality hierarchy

Type Quality

Derived from coordinates Control

Keyed-in azimuth Control

Derived from coordinates Survey

Keyed-in azimuth Survey

Derived from coordinates Mapping

Keyed-in azimuth Mapping


Recomputation B

B.2.7 How Delta Elevations are Applied

Delta elevations are applied during recomputation. A recomputationperforms the following actions to flow out delta elevations:

• It determines the elevation of the starting point.

• It applies the delta elevation to the starting point to determinethe elevation of the new point.

The starting point must have a keyed-in elevation so that deltaelevations can flow out from it in a recomputation.

You must enter an elevation at the start of the level run to ensure thatdelta elevations can flow out from the start of the level run.

For example, in Figure B.4, Point A must have a keyed-in elevationfor the elevations of points B, C, and D to be determined using thedelta elevation observations. If an observation to A had sufficientinformation to compute an elevation at A, delta elevations would stillnot be computed unless it had a keyed in elevation.

Figure B.4 Delta elevation flowout

A

NEede

B

de

Cde

D


B Recomputation

B.2.8 An Example of a Recomputation

Figure B.5 is an example of how a recomputation coordinates points.Points A and I are both control quality points; the remaining points aresurvey quality.

The recomputation establishes points A and I as potential startingpoints as both of these points have keyed-in coordinates andobservations flowing from them. Points A and I are of the same quality(control L,L,h), so the recomputation chooses point A as the currentstarting point because it was entered in the database first.

To coordinate the observed points, the recomputation uses all of theobservations from the starting point until the remaining observationsflowing from A cannot be used to coordinate any more points.Therefore, the following points are coordinated from point A: B, C, D,E, F, G, and H.

There are no further observations from the current starting point (pointA), so the recomputation chooses point I as the new current startingpoint. The recomputation coordinates points J, K, and L.

There are observations from point I to points D and H. Therecomputation has already coordinated these points so the figureshows a closure for these points. If the closure error is larger than thetolerance settings in the Recompute tab of the Project Propertiesdialog, an error flag appears on the observed point in the graphicswindow. The Recompute report reports the misclosure. It also reportsif the closure error is smaller than the tolerance setting.

Note – If the recomputation can use more than twoobservations/coordinates to derive the position of the point, you cansee a misclosure and a closure on the same point.


Recomputation B

Figure B.5 Recomputation example

C Warning – Point D can be derived from observations from B and I. Theobservation from B is used regardless of the quality of these observations.This is because D is coordinated from B first. The software warns you thatthe quality of D could be improved. If you want to make sure that theobservation from I is used, change the status of the observation from B toD to enabled as check.

Starting point

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

J

K

L

(Control quality – L,L,h)

Starting point(Control quality – L,L,h)

I


B Recomputation

B.3 How a Recomputation Uses Multiple Observationsand Coordinates for a Point

A point can have multiple observations to it and keyed-in coordinatesfor it. If the Use best observation option in the Recompute tab of theProject Properties dialog is selected, the recomputations can only useone observation or coordinate to derive a position component (NE,e,h)for the point. For example, a point may have two observations to it andone keyed-in coordinate. The keyed-in coordinate is used before theobservations to determine the northing, easting, and height. The PointDerivation report reports the other observations or keyed-incoordinates that the recomputation does not use as closures.

Note – If the Calculate mean from the same type of observationsoption (in the Recompute tab of the Project Properties dialog) isselected, all observations can contribute to the calculation of thecoordinate components of the sideshot point. The recomputation onlymeans sideshot points. For more information, see MultipleObservations to Sideshot Points, page 503.

B.3.1 Multiple Observations to a Point

To determine the calculated coordinates for a point with multipleobservations, a recomputation uses the following observationhierarchy to determine the observation used to coordinate the point:

1. Observation status (enabled, enabled as check)

2. Observation quality

3. Observation type (GPS, conventional, laser, reduced)

4. Precision

5. First observation in the database


Recomputation B

B.3.2 Multiple Observations to Sideshot Points

When observations (GPS or conventional) are transferred to theTrimble Geomatics Office software, the software determines if eachobservation is a sideshot. A sideshot is an observation to a point that:

• does not have an observation from it

• does not have a static or FastStatic observation to it

• is not a control point

Figure B.6 shows how multiple observations to sideshot points canoccur in two different situations.

Figure B.6 Sideshots occurring in two different situations

The setting in the Multiple Sideshot Observations group in theRecompute tab of the Project Properties dialog determines whichobservations are used to calculate the position of the sideshot point.

Conventionalobservation

Sideshot(with multipleobservations)

Setup

Conventionalobservation

(2)


B Recomputation

Note – The elevations from multiple sideshots are not meaned, even ifin the Recompute tab of the Project Properties dialog, the Calculatemean from the same type of observations option is selected.

B.3.3 Multiple Observations and Meaning Coordinates

By default, the Calculate mean from the same type of observationsoption in the Recompute tab of the Project Properties dialog is notselected. As a result, the software does not mean (average) multipleobservations.

If you select this option, the Trimble Geomatics Office softwaremeans the coordinates calculated from each observation to a sideshotpoint.

Note – If the point is a traverse point, the recomputation only uses oneobservation or coordinate to determine the position of the point. Formore information, see Multiple Observations to Traverse Points,page 508.

The rules for meaning the coordinates for sideshot points are:

• A recomputation only means the same type of observation. Forexample, a GPS observation cannot be meaned with aconventional observation. In this case, the recomputation usesthe GPS observation in preference to the conventionalobservation.

• A recomputation only means the coordinates derived fromobservations. For example, if a point has two observations andkeyed-in coordinates, the recomputation uses the observationsto calculate two sets of coordinates, which are then meaned. Itthen compares the keyed-in coordinates and the meanedcoordinates, and uses the highest quality coordinate as theposition for the point. For more information, see Points withKeyed-in Coordinates and Observations, page 509.

Note – If there are one or more observations enabled, a recomputationdoes not use observations enabled as a check to determine a meanposition.


Recomputation B

To determine the calculated position for the point, a recomputationcalculates positions from each observation to the point. Eachobservation is weighted according to its precision value. The better theprecision, the more influence the observation has on the meancoordinate values.

For GPS observations, a recomputation uses the Precision field in theProperties window. To access this field:

1. Select the GPS observation.

2. Open the Properties window.

3. Click the Statistics button.

For conventional observations, if there is a precision record in theInstrument record of a Survey Controller (*.dc) file, stating theaccuracy of the instrument, a recomputation uses this value. If there isno precision record, then the recomputation uses a weighted meanbased on the standard errors.

A recomputation uses the mean position as the center of a circle with aradius defined by the tolerance distance. You specify this distance inthe Recompute tab of the Project Properties dialog. If the coordinatecomponent is horizontal (Northing, Easting), the recomputation usesthe Horizontal tolerance. If the coordinate component is vertical(Elevation, or Height), it uses the Vertical tolerance.

If one or more positions are outside the circle defined by the tolerance,the recomputation rejects the position furthest from the mean andrepeats the process.


B Recomputation

In Figure B.7, a sideshot point has three conventional observations toit. This determines the positions 1, 2, and 3.

Figure B.7 The rejection of the position furthest from the mean

Observation 3 is outside the tolerance circle, so the recomputationdoes not include it in the next iteration.

The recomputation repeats the process with the remainingobservations until all of the calculated positions are within thetolerance circle.

1

2

3


Recomputation B

Figure B.8 shows how the computed mean grid coordinates becomethe final calculated position for the point.

Figure B.8 The final calculated coordinates for the point

All observations used to determine the mean coordinates are nowwithin the tolerance specified, so the recomputation uses the meanedcoordinates for the calculated position for the point.

Note – If you clear the Tolerance checking check boxes in theRecompute tab of the Project Properties dialog, the recomputationwill mean all observations of the same type without tolerancechecking. As a result, it will not detect outliers.

1

2


B Recomputation

B.3.4 Multiple Observations to Traverse Points

In a survey traverse, a traverse point may have more than oneobservation to it. This is known as a multiple observation. Arecomputation does not mean multiple observations to traverse points.

This is shown in Figure B.9. Point 1 has two observations to it, andone observation from it. The observation used to derive the position ofPoint 1 is the first one to position the point.

Figure B.9 Multiple observations to a traverse point

Point 1


Recomputation B

B.3.5 Points with Keyed-in Coordinates and Observations

The displayed position for a point can be derived from:

• observation(s)

• keyed-in coordinate(s), for example, imported grid coordinates

If a point has both keyed-in coordinates and observations to it, arecomputation uses the quality of the keyed-in coordinate(s) andobservation(s) to determine the position for the point. If the qualitiesare the same, it uses the keyed-in coordinates in preference to thecoordinates from the observation(s).

A recomputation considers the horizontal and vertical componentqualities separately. For example, imported grid coordinates for apoint may have a survey quality horizontal component (Northing,Easting), and a mapping quality elevation component. There is also asurvey quality observation to the point. The horizontal component isderived from the keyed-in coordinate, and the elevation component isderived from the observation.

Table B.4 summarizes the above. The shaded cells show whichcomponents are used in a recomputation. The horizontal componentqualities are the same, so it uses the keyed-in coordinates inpreference to the coordinates derived from the observations. Theelevation derived from the observation is survey quality, which ishigher than the mapping quality for the keyed-in grid coordinates, sothe recomputation uses the elevation from the observed coordinates.

Table B.4 Horizontal and vertical component qualities considered

Coordinate type Horizontal quality Elevation quality

Keyed-in grid coordinates Survey Mapping

Coordinate derived fromobservation

Survey Survey


B Recomputation

The best elevation or height for points is derived using any availablekeyed-in coordinates and observations to the point. If therecomputation uses an observation to calculate an elevation or heightfor the point, then it calculates the remaining vertical component fromone of the following:

• The geoid model and/or vertical adjustment

• Keyed-in coordinates

If a geoid model is used for the project, the geoid model quality in theRecompute tab of the Project Properties dialog is used to determinethe quality of the elevation or height derived from the geoid model.This quality is compared to any keyed-in coordinates, and the bestquality elevation or height component is used.

Note – If a vertical adjustment from a calibration exists in the projectcoordinate system definition, then the quality of the derived elevationor height will be survey.

B.4 How a Recomputation Determines the Quality ofObserved Points

A recomputation determines the quality of an observed point from thequality of the point that it was observed from, and the quality of theobservation used to derive the position of the point. It considers thehorizontal and vertical components separately.

The quality hierarchy is:

1. Control

2. Survey

3. Mapping

4. Unknown


Recomputation B

Table B.5 shows how observation qualities are determined from thesolution type or measurement type.

The quality assigned to a point for each component (horizontal,elevation, and height) is the lower of:

• the quality for the point position component from which theobservation was observed

• the quality of the observation

B.4.1 Autonomous Base Position for Real-Time KinematicSurveys

If you use the) key in the Trimble Survey Controller software tostart a Real Time Kinematic (RTK) base and transfer the TrimbleSurvey Controller (.dc) file to the Trimble Geomatics Office software,the base position (and therefore all rover points from the base) is ofunknown quality (for all components: horizontal, height, andelevation).

Table B.5 Observation qualities determined from solution andmeasurement types

Observation type Quality assigned to observation

GPS Fixed Survey

GPS Float Mapping

GPS Autonomous Unknown

Conventional Survey

Laser rangefinder Mapping

Delta elevation Survey


B Recomputation

If you use the Trimble Geomatics Office software to perform a GPSsite calibration, the qualities of the horizontal and height componentsdo not change. If you are confident that the GPS site calibrationimproves the quality of the points, use the Properties window tochange the quality of the base point. Increasing the quality of the baseimproves the quality of the rover points.

Note – The quality of the elevation component is survey if a verticaladjustment exists in the project coordinate system definition.

B.5 Points Moved or Adjusted Using the TrimbleGeomatics Office Software

A recomputation does not change the positions of points that havebeen shifted by the following:

• Move command

• Coordinate transformation (For more information, see the topicCoordinate Transformation – Overview in the Help.)

• Elevation adjustment (For more information, see the topicElevation Adjustment – Overview in the Help.)

• Network adjustment

When you apply one of these operations to a point, the recomputationdoes not use the positions derived from the observations to the point.


Recomputation B

B.6 Project HeightThe project height is a project-wide setting that approximates theheight for any calculations that involve points with no height. Use it toconvert coordinates when:

• the project’s coordinate system changes and there are nullheights

• sea level corrections are applied and there are no heights forpoints

The Project height field is in the Coordinate System tab of the ProjectProperties dialog. For information about selecting a coordinatesystem, see Chapter 4, Using a Coordinate System.

Note – If a point has no height, the project height is not used instead.

B.7 Using the Recompute ReportThe Recompute report is a HyperText Markup Language (HTML)report that summarizes the results of the recomputing process. Use theRecompute report to eliminate warning flags by:

• checking occupation details

• checking that points are named correctly

• disabling the coordinate if you suspect that the coordinate hasbeen keyed in incorrectly

• reobserving if necessary

The Recompute report reports on the following:

• Tolerance errors where multiple observations or coordinatesresult in positions outside tolerance (tolerances are defined inthe Recompute tab of the Project Properties dialog)

• Closures for station points

• Unused observations and errors


B Recomputation

• Starting coordinates and the order in which the coordinateswere derived

• Observations and coordinates referenced in the report

The Trimble Geomatics Office software creates a Recompute reportevery time it performs a recomputation. How you are notified that aRecompute report exists depends on the setting in the View generatedreport group in the Reporting tab of the Project Properties dialog. TheRecompute report is always stored in the Reports folder for theproject. Like all system-generated reports, if a report already exists,then the new report overwrites the old report.

The Recompute report includes the following parts:

• Project Details

• Errors and Warnings

• Closures

• Point Derivations

• Starting Points

• Traverse Report

• Survey Data (Observations and Coordinates)

The following sections describe each part of the Recompute report andinclude report samples where appropriate.


Recomputation B

B.7.1 The Project Details Section

Figure B.10 shows the Project Details section of the Recomputereport which summarizes the project name and coordinate systemdetails.

Figure B.10 Project Details section

B.7.2 The Errors and Warnings Section

Figure B.11 shows the Errors and Warnings section of the Recomputereport. This section lists all of the points where tolerance errors aredetected. It also shows which observations are not used, and whichpoints cannot be coordinated.


B Recomputation

Use this section to examine the errors and warnings, and decide if youshould edit your project to resolve them. To look at the derivation for apoint, click the point name. This takes you to the Point Derivationsection.

Figure B.11 Errors and Warnings section

Note – A maximum of 50 out-of-tolerance observations can be shown.If this many out-of-tolerance observations exist, investigate theproblem in the Point Derivation report.

B.7.3 The Point Derivations Section

The Point Derivations section of the Recompute report shows thecalculated position for a point. Only points with errors included in theRecompute report have their derivation reported. The qualities of thehorizontal (Northing, Easting) component, elevation component andheight component for the calculated position are shown.

Below the calculated position and qualities is a list of the survey datathat could be used to coordinate the point.


Recomputation B

Each observation shows the:

• type of observation

• ID for the observation

• from and to points

To view the observation details, click on the ID. It links to the SurveyData section of the report.

Each coordinate shows the:

• coordinate (grid, geodetic, or position solution)

• source of the coordinate

• coordinate ID

To view the coordinate details, click on the ID. It links to the SurveyData section of the report. To select the point or observation in theProperties Window, click the icon.

The Used to calc column shows which position components (NE,e,h)were calculated from the observation or coordinate. For example, if anobservation determines the Northing, Easting and height componentsfor the point, and the coordinate determines the elevation, the Used tocalc column displays NEh next to the GPS observation and e next tothe coordinate.

The delta north, delta east, delta elevation, and delta ellipsoid heightcolumns display the difference between the final calculated positionand the position calculated using just the observation or coordinate.

If the delta values are above the tolerance setting configured for theproject, flags appear and the numbers become red. Observationsmarked in red do not necessarily indicate an incorrect observation orkeyed-in coordinates—the recomputation may have used a poorobservation or set of keyed-in coordinates. Determine the cause of theerror and disable any poor observations.

Use the Survey Data section of the report to examine eachobservation.


B Recomputation

Figure B.12 shows the Point Derivation section for point MOON 2.

Figure B.12 Calculated coordinates for a Point Derivation section

Note – You can use the Properties window to view the derivationreport for any point in the project database, including points notreported in the Recompute report.

B.7.4 The Starting Points Section

This section shows the points that the recomputation started to flowobservations out from. For information on starting points, see How aRecomputation Determines Potential Starting Points, page 487.


Recomputation B

B.7.5 The Traverse Report Section

Figure B.13 shows the Traverse Report section of the Recomputereport. This section shows how a recomputation traverses from thestarting point, and the observation that it uses. A recomputation onlyreports on traverses with more than one observation leg from thestarting point.

Figure B.13 Traverse Report section


B Recomputation

B.7.6 The Survey Data Section

Figure B.14 shows the Survey Data section. This section shows all ofthe observations and coordinates for the points shown in theRecompute report. The survey data is organized by observation type.Use this section when trying to determine which observations areincorrect. Only observations and coordinates referenced in theRecompute report are listed in this section. You can view all data inthe Properties window.

Figure B.14 Survey Data section


GlossaryThis section explains some of the terms used in this manual.

1-sigma One standard error from the mean.

a posteriori errors The a priori errors multiplied by the standard error of unitweight (reference factor) resulting from a networkadjustment.

a priori errors Errors estimated for observations prior to a networkadjustment.

AASHTO American Association of State Highway andTransportation Officials

accuracy The closeness of a measurement to the actual (true) valueof the quantity being measured.

adjusted values Values derived from observed data (measurement) byapplying a process of eliminating errors in that data in anetwork adjustment.

adjustment The process of determining and applying corrections toobservations for the purpose of reducing errors in anetwork adjustment.

adjustmentconvergence

When the network adjustment has met the definedresidual tolerance or last ditch residual tolerance within adefined number of iterations.


Glossary

adjustment datum The datum used in the current network adjustmentiteration. The Trimble Geomatics Office software lets youselect either the project datum or WGS-84.

adjustment styles Trimble default and user-defined settings for a networkadjustment.

algebraic sign The sign (+ or -) associated with a value which designatesit as a positive or negative number.

algorithm A set of rules for solving a problem in a finite number ofsteps.

almanac Data transmitted by a GPS satellite that includes orbitinformation on all the satellites, clock correction, andatmospheric delay parameters. The almanac facilitatesrapid SV acquisition. The orbit information is a subset ofthe ephemeris data with reduced precision.

ambiguity The unknown integer number of cycles of thereconstructed carrier phase contained in an unbroken setof measurements. The receiver counts the radio waves(from the satellite as they pass the antenna) to a highdegree of accuracy. However, it has no information on thenumber of waves to the satellite at the time it startedcounting. This unknown number of wavelengths betweenthe satellite and the antenna is the ambiguity. Also knownas integer ambiguity or integer bias.

annotation A piece of text that describes another database record. Toselect and edit annotations, use the Properties window. Anannotation is live—any fields are re-expanded wheneverthe parent entity changes.


Glossary

antenna height The height of a GPS antenna phase center above the pointbeing observed.

The uncorrected antenna height is measured from theobserved point to a designated point on the antenna, thencorrected to the true vertical manually or automatically inthe software.

antenna phasecorrection

The phase center for a GPS antenna is neither a physicalnor a stable point. The phase center for a GPS antennachanges with respect to the changing direction of thesignal from a satellite. Most of the phase center variationdepends on satellite elevation. Modeling this variation inantenna phase center location allows a variety of antennatypes to be used in a single survey. Antenna phase centercorrections are not as critical when two of the sameantenna are used since common errors cancel out.

Anti-Spoofing (AS) A feature that allows the U.S. Department of Defense totransmit an encrypted Y-code in place of P-code. Y-code isintended to be useful only to authorized (primarilymilitary) users. AS is used to deny the full precision ofGPS to civilian users.

APC Antenna Phase Center

The electronic center of the antenna. It often does notcorrespond to the physical center of the antenna. The radiosignal is measured at the APC.

In the Properties window the height of a point may be theelevation of the APC. If the height is specified as APC, itis the height of the APC—not the ground height.


Glossary

autonomouspositioning

A mode of operation in which a GPS receiver computesposition fixes in real time from satellite data alone,without reference to data supplied by a base station.Autonomous positioning is the least precise positioningprocedure a GPS receiver can perform, yielding positionfixes that are precise to ±100 meters horizontal RMSwhen Selective Availability is in effect, and to ±10–20meters when it is not. Also known as absolute positioningand point positioning.

azimuth A surveying observation used to measure the angleformed by a horizontal baseline and geodetic north. Whenapplied to GPS observations, it refers to a normal sectionazimuth.

base station An antenna and receiver set up on a known location. It isused for real-time kinematic (RTK) or differentialsurveys. Data can be recorded at the base station for laterpostprocessing. A Trimble base station consists of areceiver in Base Station mode used with the TrimbleReference Station (TRS™) software or the UniversalReference Station (URS™) software.

In GPS surveying practice, you observe and computebaselines (that is, the position of one receiver relative toanother). The base station acts as the position from whichall other unknown positions are derived.

baseline The position of a point relative to another point. In GPSsurveying, this is the position of one receiver relative toanother. When the data from these two receivers iscombined, the result is a baseline comprising athree-dimensional vector between the two stations.


Glossary

baseline processor A computer program that computes baseline solutionsfrom satellite measurements. It may run as a postprocessoron a personal computer, or as a real-time processor in areceiver. WAVE (Weighted Ambiguity Vector Estimator)is Trimble's baseline processor.

baud A unit of data transfer speed (from one binary digitaldevice to another) used when describing serialcommunications.

bivariate Mathematical function describing the behavior oftwo-dimensional random errors in error ellipses for:

northing/easting

latitude/longitude

X/Y

CAD styles CAD styles define the appearance of points, lines, arcs,curves, text, and annotations in a project. A style, forexample, can be made up of a symbol, line type, color, orfont. Style definitions are stored in a project.

To have styles available for a number of projects, definethe styles in a template project.

calibrated site A site definition uses an existing coordinate systemdefinition plus correction transformation. This makes thebest fit for GPS data in a specific area (or site). The extracorrection transformations are required because acoordinate system is designed to apply over a very largearea. It does not allow for variations in the localcoordinates.

You need to have new work fit with the existing control,so the extra correction transformations will correct forthese local variations. Extra corrections are only validover a limited area. This explains the ‘site’ terminology.


Glossary

The Trimble Geomatics Office software can compute theextra transformations required to fit to local control andsave these definitions in the coordinate system database.

calibrationcoordinates

WGS-84 coordinates (latitude/longitude/ellipsoid height)generated from a minimally constrained networkadjustment of your GPS observation, then saved for lateruse in a GPS site calibration.

The calibration coordinates are used as the GPS observedcoordinates that are associated with the grid coordinatesof a particular point when performing a calibration.

Cartesiancoordinates

See Earth-Centered-Earth-Fixed Cartesian coordinates.

chi-square test An overall statistical test of the network adjustment. It is atest of the sum of the weight squares of the residuals, thenumber of degrees of freedom and a critical probability of95 percent or greater.

The purpose of this test is to reject or to accept thehypothesis that the predicted errors have been accuratelyestimated.

clock offset The constant difference in the time reading between twoclocks. In GPS, usually refers to offset between SV clocksand the clock in the user's receiver.

closure Agreement between measured and known parts of anetwork.

CMR Compact Measurement Record

A satellite measurement message that is broadcast by thebase receiver and used by real-time kinematic (RTK)surveys to calculate an accurate baseline vector from thebase to the rover.


Glossary

Coarse Acquisition(C/A) code

A pseudorandom noise (PRN) code modulated onto an L1signal. This code helps the receiver compute the distancefrom the satellite.

code The GPS code is a pseudorandom noise (PRN) code thatis modulated onto the GPS carrier signals.

The C/A code is unclassified and is available for use bycivilian applications.

The P code is also known and unclassified, but may beencrypted for national defense purposes.

Code measurements are the basis of GPS navigation andpositioning. Code also is used in conjunction with carrierphase measurements to obtain more accurate surveyquality baseline solutions.

component One of the three surveying observations used to define athree-dimensional baseline between two control points.The same baseline can be defined by azimuth, deltaheight, and distance (in ellipsoid coordinates); by delta X,delta Y, and delta Z (in Earth Centered Cartesiancoordinates); and by delta north, delta east, and delta up(in local plane coordinates).

constellation A specific set of satellites used in calculating positions:three satellites for 2D fixes, four satellites for 3D fixes.

All satellites visible to a GPS receiver at one time. Theoptimum constellation is the constellation with the lowestPDOP. See also PDOP.

constrained To hold (fix) a quantity (observation and coordinate) astrue in a network adjustment.

constraint External limitations imposed upon the adjustablequantities (observations and coordinates) in a networkadjustment.


Glossary

control point A monumented point to which coordinates have been, orare in the process of being, assigned by the use ofsurveying observations.

conventionalobservation

An observation in the field obtained using a total stationor theodolite.

coordinate system A set of transformations that allow GPS positions (in theWGS-84 ellipsoid) to be transformed to projectioncoordinates with elevations above the Geoid.

It consists of a datum transformation, a geoid modelallocation, and a coordinate projection definition.

The datum transformation is defined in the coordinatesystem database. It includes the definition of the datum onwhich the coordinate projection is based.

An existing geoid model can be assigned to the coordinatesystem, but it is also possible to specify a constant geoidalseparation rather than using a geoid model. Use theTrimble Coordinate System Manager utility to definegeoid models in the coordinate system database.

You can allocate some coordinate projection types to acoordinate system (for example, Transverse Mercator orLambert One Parallel). Different countries and regionsuse different projection types to achieve optimum results(that is, minimum distortion) in the projectioncoordinates. The coordinate projection methods projectlatitude and longitude values on the appropriate datum toCartesian coordinate values. The elevations for theprojection coordinates are achieved using the geoid modelassigned to the coordinate system.

The Trimble Coordinate System Manager utility lets youview, edit, and add to the coordinate system definitionssupplied with the Trimble Geomatics Office software.


Glossary

correlated Said of two or more observations (or derived quantities)which have at least one common source of error.

covariance A measure of the correlation of errors between twoobservations or derived quantities. Also refers to anoff-diagonal term (that is, not a variance) in avariance-covariance matrix.

covariance matrix A matrix that defines the variance and covariance of anobservation. The elements of the diagonal are the varianceand all elements on either side of the diagonal are thecovariance.

covariant values As used by the Trimble Geomatics Office software, this isthe publication of the propagated (computed) a posteriorierrors in azimuth, distance, and height between pairs ofcontrol points resulting from a network adjustment. Theterm covariant indicates that this computation involves theuse of covariant terms in the variance-covariance matrixof adjusted control points.

current view You can open more than one view onto the database usingthe Window / New Window command. Each of these viewscan have different view settings. The current view is theview that has focus and this is identified by the use of theactive title bar.

cycle slip An interruption in a receiver’s lock onto a satellite’s radiosignals. A cycle slip requires the re-estimation of integerambiguity terms during baseline processing.

data logging The process of recording satellite data in a file stored inthe receiver, on a data collector running the TrimbleSurvey Controller software, or on a survey data card.


Glossary

data message A message, included in the GPS signal, that reports on thelocation and health of the satellites as well as any clockcorrection. It includes information about the health ofother satellites as well as their approximate position.

datum A mathematical model of the earth designed to fit part orall of the geoid. It is defined by the relationship betweenan ellipsoid and a point on the topographic surfaceestablished as the origin of the datum. It is usually referredto as a geodetic datum.

The size and shape of an ellipsoid, and the location of thecenter of the ellipsoid with respect to the center of theearth, usually define world geodetic datums.

datum defect Unknown discrepancies between two sets of coordinateswhich can only be rectified by the use of a datumtransformation as part of a network adjustment.

datumtransformation

Defines the transformation that is used to transform thecoordinates of a point defined in one datum to coordinatesin a different datum.

There are a number of different datum transformationmethods supported by the Trimble Geomatics Officesoftware:

Seven-Parameter

Three-Parameter (also referred to as Molodensky)

Multiple Regression

Datum Grid

Datum transformations usually convert data collected inthe WGS-84 datum (by GPS methods) onto datums usedfor surveying and mapping purposes in individual regionsand countries.


Glossary

de-correlate To remove the covariances between observations. Thismay be done through elaborate orthogonaltransformations, or by computing separate horizontal andvertical adjustments.

deflection of thevertical

The angular difference between the upward direction ofthe plumb line (vertical) and the perpendicular (normal) tothe ellipsoid.

degrees of freedom A measure of the redundancy in a network.

delta elevation The difference in elevation between two points.

delta height The vertical component in the Trimble Geomatics Officesoftware's expression of GPS baselines. It is the differencein height or change of height.

delta N, delta E, deltaU

Coordinate differences expressed in a Local GeodeticHorizon coordinate system.

delta X, delta Y, deltaZ

Coordinate differences expressed in a Cartesiancoordinate system.

differentialpositioning

The precise measurement of the relative position of tworeceivers that are tracking the same satellitessimultaneously.

DOP Dilution of Precision

An indicator of the quality of a GPS position. It takesaccount of each satellite’s location relative to the othersatellites in the constellation, and their geometry inrelation to the GPS receiver. A low DOP value indicates ahigher probability of accuracy.


Glossary

Standard DOPs for GPS applications are:

PDOP Position (three coordinates)

HDOP Horizontal (two horizontal coordinates)

RDOP

VDOP Vertical (height only)

TDOP Time (clock offset only)

Doppler shift The apparent change in frequency of a signal caused bythe relative motion of satellites and the receiver.

double differencing An arithmetic method of differencing carrier phasessimultaneously measured by two receivers tracking thesame satellites. This method removes the satellite andreceiver clock errors.

DTM Digital Terrain Model

An electronic representation of terrain in three-dimensions.

dual-frequency A type of receiver that uses both L1 and L2 signals fromGPS satellites. A dual-frequency receiver can computemore precise position fixes over longer distances andunder more adverse conditions because it compensates forionospheric delays.

Earth-Centered-Earth-Fixed (ECEF)

A Cartesian coordinate system used by the WGS-84reference frame. In this coordinate system, the center ofthe system is at the earth's center of mass. The z axis iscoincident with the mean rotational axis of the earth andthe x axis passes through 0° N and 0° E. The y axis isperpendicular to the plane of the x and z axes.

easting Eastward reading of grid values. Left to right on a grid(X-axis).


Glossary

elevation The height above mean sea level or the vertical distanceabove the geoid. Elevation is sometimes referred to as theorthometric height.

elevation mask An angle which is normally set to 13 degrees. If you tracksatellites from above this angle, you usually avoidinterference caused by buildings, trees, and multipatherrors.

Trimble recommends that you do not track satellites frombelow 13 degrees.

ellipsoid A mathematical model of the earth formed by rotating anellipse around its minor axis. For ellipsoids that model theearth, the minor axis is the polar axis, and the major axis isthe equatorial axis.

You define an ellipsoid by specifying the lengths of bothaxes, or by specifying the length of the major axis and theflattening.

Two quantities define an ellipsoid; these are usually givenas the length of the semi-major axis, a, and the flattening,

where b is the length of the semi-minor axis.

ellipsoid distance As used in the Trimble Geomatics Office software, it isthe length of the normal section between two points.

Ellipsoid distance is not the same as the geodesic distance.

ellipsoid height The distance, measured along the normal, from thesurface of the ellipsoid to a point.

fa b–( )

a----------------=


Glossary

entities Primary graphical elements that you can view and selectfrom the graphics window.

Entities available in the Trimble Geomatics Officesoftware are points, lines, arcs, curves, text, andannotations.

ephemeris A set of data that describes the position of a celestialobject as a function of time. Each GPS satelliteperiodically transmits a broadcast ephemeris describing itspredicted positions through the near future, uploaded bythe Control Segment. Postprocessing programs can alsouse a precise ephemeris that describes the exact positionsof a satellite in the past.

epoch The measurement interval of a GPS receiver. The epochvaries according to the survey type:

For real-time surveys it is set at one second. Forpostprocessed surveys it can be set to a rate of betweenone second and one minute

epoch interval The measurement interval used by a GPS receiver; alsocalled a cycle.

error The difference between the measured value of a quantityand its true value. Surveying errors are generally dividedinto three categories: blunders, systematic errors, andrandom errors. Least squares analysis is used to detect andeliminate blunders and systematic errors, and least squaresadjustment is used to measure and properly distributerandom error.

error ellipse A coordinate error ellipse is a graphical representation ofthe magnitude and direction of the error of networkadjusted points.


Glossary

events A record of the occurrence of an event, such as the closingof a photogrammetric camera's shutter. A GPS receivercan log an event mark containing the time of the event andan alphanumeric comment entered through the keypad todescribe the event. An event can be triggered through thekeypad or by an electrical signal input on one of thereceiver's ports.

FastStatic A method of GPS surveying using occupations of up to 20minutes to collect GPS raw data, then postprocessing toachieve sub-centimeter precisions. Typically theoccupation times vary based on the number of satellites(SVs) in view:

4 SVs take 20 minutes*

5 SVs take 15 minutes*

6 or more SVs take 8 minutes*

(*collected at a 15 second epoch rate)

Feature andAttribute Library(*.fcl) file

A text file that contains the definitions of feature codes,attributes, CAD styles, and control codes.

feature codes Descriptive words or abbreviations that describe thefeatures you see.

field codes Special instructions that tell the Trimble Geomatics Officesoftware to insert information into reports, files, andannotations.

Field codes are used to handle the transfer of databasedata in ASCII import/export/report operations.


Glossary

final solution When postprocessing is used to generate GPS vectors,particularly for static solutions, the baseline processorsteps through different solutions using a variety ofprocessing techniques and combinations of GPSmeasurements. In general each subsequent solution isbetter than the previous one. The final solution providesthe best estimate of the GPS vector between two points.

fixed See constrained.

fixed coordinates Point coordinates that do not move when performing anetwork adjustment.

fixed solution A solution obtained when the baseline processor is able toresolve the integer ambiguity search with enoughconfidence to select one set of integers over another. It iscalled a fixed solution because the ambiguities are allfixed from their estimated float values to their properinteger values.

flattening A mathematical expression of the relative lengths of themajor and minor axes of an ellipsoid.

flattening inverse An expression of the flattening that is easier to read andedit.

float solution A solution obtained when the baseline processor is unableto resolve the integer ambiguity search with enoughconfidence to select one set of integers over another. It iscalled a float solution because the ambiguity includes afractional part and is non-integer.

free adjustment Performing a network adjustment in which no point(coordinate) is constrained. The network adjustment usesinner constraints.

frequencydistribution

The size and spread of residuals in a data set. Graphicallyshown in histograms.


Glossary

fully constrained A network adjustment in which all points in the networkwhich are part of a larger control network are held fixed totheir published coordinate values. Used to merge smallerwith larger control networks and old to newer networks.

GDOP Geometric Dilution of Precision

The relationship between errors in user position and time,and errors in satellite range. See also DOP.

geodetic azimuth The angle between the geodetic meridian and the tangentto the geodesic line of the observer, measured in the planeperpendicular to the ellipsoid normal of the observer.Clockwise from north.

geodetic datum A mathematical model designed to fit part or all of thegeoid. It is defined by the relationship between anellipsoid and a point on the topographic surfaceestablished as the origin of a datum.The size and shape ofan ellipsoid and the location of the center of the ellipsoidwith respect to the center of the earth define worldgeodetic datums.

Various datums have been established to suit particularregions. For example, European maps are often based onthe European datum of 1950 (ED-50). Maps of the UnitedStates are often based on the North American Datum of1927 or 1983 (NAD-27, NAD-83). All GPS coordinatesare based on the WGS-84 datum surface.

geographic(geodetic)coordinates

Latitude, longitude, and ellipsoid height.


Glossary

geoid The surface of gravitational equipotential that closelyapproximates mean sea level. It is not a uniformmathematical shape, but is an irregular figure with anoverall shape similar to an ellipsoid.

Generally, the elevations of points are measured withreference to the geoid. However, points fixed by GPSmethods have heights established in the WGS-84 datum (amathematical figure).

The relationship between the WGS-84 datum and thegeoid must be determined by observation, as there is nosingle mathematical definition that can describe therelationship. You must use conventional survey methodsto observe the elevation above the geoid, then compare theresults with the height above the WGS-84 ellipsoid at thesame point.

By gathering a large number of observations of theseparation between the geoid and the WGS-84 datum(geoidal separation), grid files of the separation values canbe established. This allows the interpolation of the geoidalseparation at intermediate positions. Files containing thesegrids of geoidal separations are referred to as geoidmodels. Given a WGS-84 position that falls within theextents of a geoid model, the model can return theinterpolated geoidal separation at this position.

geoid model A mathematical representation of the geoid for a specificarea, or for the whole earth. The software uses the geoidmodel to generate geoid separations for your points in thenetwork.


Glossary

geoid observation A geoid separation, with its associated error, extractedfrom a geoid model. The Trimble Geomatics Officesoftware network adjustment treats them as in the sameway as any observation with an associated error. As theadjustment progresses the observations will becomeadjusted geoid observations.

geoid separation The distance between the ellipsoid and geoid at a givenpoint.

geomatics The design, collection, storage, analysis, display, andretrieval of spatial information. The collection of spatialinformation can be from a variety of sources, includingGPS and terrestrial methods. Geomatics integratestraditional surveying with new technology-drivenapproaches, making geomatics useful for a vast number ofapplications.

GPS Global Positioning System

GPS is based on a constellation of 24 satellites orbitingthe earth at a very high altitude.

GPS baseline A three-dimensional measurement between a pair ofstations for which simultaneous GPS data has beencollected and processed with differencing techniques.

Represented as delta X, delta Y, and delta Z; or azimuth,distance, and delta height.

GPS observations A GPS baseline with its associated errors. As theadjustment progresses the observations become adjustedGPS observations.

GPS raw data The data collected by a GPS receiver for the purpose ofprocessing at a later time. It can be in the form of a .datfile (Trimble raw data file format) or a RINEX file.


Glossary

GPS time A measure of time used by the NAVSTAR GPS system.GPS time is based on Universal Time Coordinated (UTC)but does not add periodic leap seconds to correct forchanges in the earth’s period of rotation.

grid A two-dimensional horizontal rectangular coordinatesystem, such as a map projection.

grid conversion The conversion between geographic and map projectioncoordinates.

grid distance The distance between two points that is expressed inmapping projection coordinates.

ground distance The distance (horizontal distance with curvature applied)between two ground points.

HDOP Horizontal Dilution of Precision

height measurementrod

A measuring tool supplied with an external GPS antennaand used for measuring the height of the antenna above apoint.

HI Height of instrument.

Synonymous with antenna heights for GPS.

histogram A graphical display of the size and distribution ofresiduals in a network adjustment.

horizontalcontrol point

A point with horizontal coordinate accuracy only. Theelevation or ellipsoid height is of a lower order ofaccuracy or is unknown.

horizontal distance The distance between two points, computed horizontallyfrom the elevation of either point.

horizontal position A point with horizontal coordinates only.


Glossary

independent Subnetworks, observations, and control points notconnected by geometry or errors. This term is the oppositeof correlated.

inner constraint A network adjustment computed without fixing any pointcoordinates. The Trimble Geomatics Office software usesthe centroid of the network as an inner constraint.

integer ambiguity The whole number of cycles in a carrier phasepseudorange between the GPS satellite and the GPSreceiver.

integer search GPS baseline processing, whether real-time orpostprocessed, requires fixed integer solutions for the bestpossible results. The software which processes the GPSmeasurements used to derive a baseline does an integersearch to obtain a fixed integer solution. The searchinvolves trying various combinations of integer valuesand selecting the best results.

iono free Ionospheric free solution (IonoFree)

A solution that uses a combination of GPS measurementsto model and remove the effects of the ionosphere on theGPS signals. This solution is often used for high-ordercontrol surveying, particularly when observing longbaselines.

ionosphere The band of charged particles 80 to 120 miles above theearth's surface. It affects the accuracy of GPSmeasurements if you measure long baselines using single-frequency receivers.


Glossary

ionosphericmodeling

The time delay caused by the ionosphere varies withrespect to the frequency of the GPS signals and affectsboth the L1 and L2 signals differently. When dualfrequency receivers are used the carrier phaseobservations for both frequencies can be used to modeland eliminate most of the ionospheric effects. When dualfrequency measurements are not available an ionosphericmodel broadcast by the GPS satellites can be used toreduce ionospheric affects. The use of the broadcastmodel, however, is not as effective as the use of dualfrequency measurements.

iteration A complete set of adjustment computations that includesthe formation of the observation equations, normalequations, coordinate adjustments, and computation ofresiduals.

kinematic surveying A method of GPS surveying using short Stop and Gooccupations, while maintaining lock on at least foursatellites. Can be done in real time or postprocessed tocentimeter precisions.

known pointinitialization

Known point is used in conjunction with kinematicinitialization. If two known points are available, thebaseline processor can calculate an inverse between thetwo points and derive an initialization vector. Thisinitialization vector, with known baseline components, isused to help solve for the integer ambiguity. If theprocessor is able to successfully resolve this ambiguity afixed integer solution is possible, yielding the bestsolutions for kinematic surveys.

L1 The primary L-band carrier used by GPS satellites totransmit satellite data. Its frequency is 1575.42 MHz. It ismodulated by C/A code, P code, and a NavigationMessage.


Glossary

L2 The secondary L-band carrier used by GPS satellites totransmit satellite data. Its frequency is 1227.6 MHz. It ismodulated by P code and a Navigation Message.

label Information that you can assign to points in the project.They appear beside points helping you locate them easily.Labels are visible in Survey view and Plan view.

You can use the Trimble Geomatics Office software'spredefined label definition to label points (for example,with their names, feature codes, and elevations).

Labels use the same font and size as the ToolTips in yourMicrosoft Windows Appearance settings.

To assign labels to points in the database, use View / PointLabels.

layers A place to store data that has been grouped together.

Organizing data into layers in this way makes it easier tomanage. You can have any number of layers in a project.To assign or reassign an entity to a layer, use theProperties window. A layer name can have up to 100alphanumeric characters.

least squares A mathematical method for the adjustment ofobservations, based on the theory of probability. In thisadjustment method, the sum of the squares of all theweighted residuals is minimized.

level observation A level observation is an observation in the field using adigital level.

level of confidence A measure of the confidence in our results, expressed in apercentage or sigma.


Glossary

level of significance An expression of probability. A one-sigma (standard)error is said to have a level of significance of 68 percent.For one-dimensional errors, a 95 percent level ofsignificance is expressed by 1.96 sigma, and a percentlevel of significance is expressed by 2.576 sigma.

local ellipsoid The ellipsoid specified by a coordinate system. TheWGS-84 coordinates are first transformed onto thisellipsoid, then converted to grid coordinates.

local geodeticcoordinates

The latitude, longitude, and height of a point. Thecoordinates are expressed in terms of the local ellipsoid.

local geodetichorizon

At any point, a plane at the ellipsoid height of a givenpoint which is parallel to the tangent plane to the ellipsoidat that point. Coordinate values for the local geodetichorizon are expressed as North, East, and Up. The LGH isused for rotating EC Cartesian Coordinate differences,before modeling a baseline on the ellipsoid. Azimuthvalues computed from LGH components must becorrected for skew normals as part of modeling on theellipsoid.

loop closure Loop closures provide an indication as to the amount oferror in a set of observations within a network.

A loop closure is calculated by selecting a point fromwhich one or more observations were taken, adding one ofthose observations to the point's coordinates, andcalculating coordinates of the second point based on thatobservation. This process is repeated one or more timesaround a loop, finally ending at the original starting point.If there were no errors in the observations, the finalcalculated coordinate would be exactly the same as theoriginal starting coordinate. By subtracting the calculatedcoordinate from the original coordinate a misclosure isdetermined. Dividing this error by the length of the lineallows the error to be expressed in parts per million.


Glossary

This technique can also be used between two differentpoints when both points are known with a high degree ofaccuracy. This is also known as a traverse closure.

major axis See ellipsoid.

mapping angle The angle between grid north on a mapping projection andthe meridian of longitude at a given point. Also know asconvergence.

mapping projection A rigorous mathematical expression of the curved surfaceof the ellipsoid on a rectangular coordinate grid.

mean sea level The mean height of the surface of the ocean for all stagesof the tide. Used as a reference for elevations.

minimallyconstrained

A network adjustment in which only enough constraints todefine the coordinate system are employed. Used tomeasure internal consistency in observations.

minor axis See ellipsoid.

modeling Expressing an observation and its related errorsmathematically and geometrically on some definedcoordinate system, such as an ellipsoid.

multipath Interference (similar to ghosts on a television screen) thatoccurs when GPS signals arrive at an antenna aftertraveling different paths. The signal traveling the longerpath yields a larger pseudorange estimate and increasesthe error. Multiple paths may arise from reflections fromstructures near the antenna.

narrow-lane A linear combination of L1 and L2 carrier phaseobservations (L1 + L2) that is useful for canceling outionospheric effects in collected baseline data. Theeffective wavelength of the narrow-lane is 10.7 cm.


Glossary

NAVDATA NAVDATA is the 1500-bit navigation message broadcastby each satellite. This message contains system time,clock correction parameters, ionospheric delay modelparameters, and details of the satellite's ephemeris andhealth. The information is used to process GPS signals toobtain user position and velocity.

network A set of baselines. See also subnetwork.

network adjustment Solution of simultaneous equations designed to achieveclosure in a survey network by minimizing the sum of theweighted squares of the residuals of the observations.

The adjustment technique employed by the TrimbleGeomatics Office software is sometimes called variationof coordinates, and at other times the method of indirectobservations.

network status An indication that a particular observation will beincluded in the adjustment.

Network means that it is included in the adjustment

Non-network means that it is excluded from theadjustment.

NMEA National Marine Electronics Association

The NMEA 0183 Standard defines the interface formarine electronic navigational devices. This standarddefines a number of strings referred to as NMEA stringsthat contain navigational details such as positions.

Most Trimble GPS receivers can output positions asNMEA strings.

normal In geodesy, the straight line perpendicular to the surface ofthe ellipsoid.


Glossary

normal distributioncurve

A graphical illustration of the theoretical distribution ofrandom variables around an expected value according toprobability theory. Used with histograms.

northing Northward reading of a grid value.

observation residual The correction applied to an observation, as determinedby the adjustment.

observations See surveying observations.

occupation time The amount of time required on a station, or point, toachieve successful process of a GPS baseline. The amountof time will vary depending on the surveying technique,the type of GPS receiver used, and the precision requiredfor the final results. Occupation times can vary from acouple of seconds (kinematic surveys) to several hours(control or deformation surveys that require the highestlevels of precision and repeatability).

origin The intersection of axes in a coordinate system. The pointof beginning.

orthometric height The distance between a point and the surface of the geoid.It is usually called the elevation.

OTF search method GPS baseline processing, whether real-time orpostprocessed, requires fixed integer solutions for the bestpossible results. (See integer search.)

Historically, this search was done using measurementscollected while two or more receivers were stationary ontheir respective points. Modern receivers and software canuse the measurements collected while the roving receiveris moving. Because the receiver is moving, the data isdescribed as collected On-the-fly (OTF) and the integersearch using this data is an OTF search.


Glossary

outlier An observation which is identified by statistical analysisas having a residual too large for its estimated error. Theterm derives from the graphical position of an observationin a histogram.

over-determined A network for which more measurements have been madethan are necessary to compute the coordinates of thenetwork. Related to redundancy.

P-code The precise code transmitted by the GPS satellites. Eachsatellite has a unique code that is modulated onto both theL1 and L2 carrier waves. The P-code is replaced by aY-code when Anti-Spoofing is active.

parameter An independent variable in terms of which the coordinatesof points on a line or surface are given. See unknowns.

parity A form of error checking used in binary digital datastorage and transfer. Options for parity-checking includeEven, Odd, or None.

PDOP Position Dilution of Precision

A unitless figure of merit expressing the relationshipbetween the error in user position, and the error in satelliteposition. Geometrically, PDOP is proportional to 1divided by the volume of the pyramid formed by linesrunning from the receiver to four satellites that areobserved. Values considered ‘good’ for positioning aresmall, for example 3. Values greater than 7 are consideredpoor. Thus, small PDOP is associated with widelyseparated satellites.

PDOP is related to horizontal and vertical DOP by:

PDOP2 HDOP2 VDOP2+=


Glossary

PDOP cutoff A receiver parameter specifying a maximum PDOP valuefor positioning. When the geometric orientation of thesatellites yields a PDOP greater than the mask value, thereceiver stops computing position fixes.

PDOP mask The highest PDOP value at which a receiver will computepositions.

phase center See antenna phase correction.

phase center models A model used to apply a correction to a GPS signal basedon a specific antenna type. The correction is based on theelevation of the satellite above the horizon and modelselectrical variations in the antenna phase center location.These models are useful for eliminating errors introducedwhen identical antennas are not used at both the base androver points. See also antenna phase correction.

plumbing The act of aligning the antenna or instrument along avertical line (plumb line) perpendicular to theequipotential surface of earth's gravity field.

point positions See autonomous positioning.

postprocess To process satellite data on a computer after it has beencollected.

PPM Parts per million

A standardized representation of a scale error in distancemeasurements. A 1 PPM error would result in 1millimeter of measurement error for every 1000 meters ofdistance traveled.

precise ephemeris See ephemeris.


Glossary

precision A measure of how closely random variables tend tocluster around a computed value. High precision impliessmall residuals. Usually expressed as one part in, oralternatively, as parts per million.

PRN Pseudorandom number

A sequence of digital 1’s and 0’s that appear to berandomly distributed like noise, but that can be exactlyreproduced. PRN codes have a low autocorrelation valuefor all delays or lags except when they are exactlycoincident.

Each NAVSTAR satellite can be identified by its uniqueC/A and P pseudorandom noise codes, so the term PRN issometimes used as another name for GPS satellite or SV.

probability A statistical percentage expressing what portion of ahypothetical number of observations will fall within thedefined limits. Sometimes called level of significance.

probable value The adjusted value for observations and other quantities,assuming that the adjustment has been done correctly. Theclosest approximation to true value that is possible.

project The Trimble Geomatics Office software operates on datain projects. You can consider a project to be the workspaceyou are working in. New projects are always created fromexisting templates and inherit all the elements of thetemplate. From this point on, all new work is saved onlyin the new project.

A project contains all of the raw observations, computedpoints, coordinate system definition, line work, text, andCAD styles.

project datum The datum associated with a project in the TrimbleGeomatics Office software. All local coordinates aredisplayed using the project datum.


Glossary

projection Used to create flat maps that represent the surface of theearth or parts of that surface.

propagated error Computed errors derived from estimated observationalerrors and expressed in terms of coordinate positions.Propagated coordinate errors may, in turn, be propagatedinto relative errors in azimuth, distance, and delta heightbetween points.

Quality Acceptancetest

One or more software evaluation tests performed on rawGPS measurement data to determine if the data passes orfails a set of tolerance values that you define. These testseither remove data from further processing or mark datarequiring quality improvements.

QC records Quality Control records

QC records contain information about the quality of themeasured GPS position. They are stored with the pointrecord.

ratio During initialization, the receiver determines the integernumber of wavelengths for each satellite. For a particularset of integers, it works out the probability that it is thecorrect set.

Ratio is the ratio of the probability of correctness of thecurrently best set of integers to the probability ofcorrectness of the next-best set. Thus, a high ratioindicates that the best set of integers is much better thanany other set. This gives us confidence that it is correct.The ratio must be above 5 for new point and OTFinitializations.

RDOP Relative Dilution of Precision


Glossary

Real-Time kinematic A method of GPS surveying in real-time using short (Stopand Go) occupation, while maintaining lock on at least 4satellites. This method requires a wireless data linkbetween the base and rover receivers.

rectangularcoordinates

Coordinates in any system in which the axes of referenceintersect at right angles.

reduced columnprofile

An abbreviated version of the normal equations in whichthe equations are reordered to minimize the computermemory required to store all nonzero elements.

redundancy The amount by which a control network isoverdetermined, or has more observations than are neededto strictly compute its parts.

redundancy number A measure of the degrees of freedom in a portion, ratherthan the entirety, of a control network.

redundant baselines A baseline observed to a point that has already beenconnected to the network by other observations. Aredundant baseline can be either an independentreobservation of a previous measurement, or anobservation to a point from another base. It is redundantbecause it provides more information than is necessary touniquely determine a point. Redundant observations arevery useful, however, in that they provide a check on thequality of previous measurements.

redundantobservation

A repeated observation, or an observation whichcontributes to over-determining a network.

reference factor See standard error of unit weight.

reference frame The coordinate system of a datum.

reference station A base station.


Glossary

reference variance The square of the reference factor.

relative errors Errors and precisions expressed for and between pairs ofnetwork-adjusted control points.

residual The correction, or adjustment, of an observation toachieve overall closure in a control network. Also, anydifference between an observed quantity and a computedvalue for that quantity.

RINEX Receiver INdependent EXchange format

A standard GPS raw data file format used to exchangefiles from multiple receiver manufacturers.

RMS Root Mean Square

RMS expresses the accuracy of point measurement. It isthe radius of the error circle within which approximately70% of position fixes are found. It can be expressed indistance units or in wavelength cycles.

rotated meridian A zone constant for the oblique Mercator mappingprojection.

rotation In transformations, an angle through which a coordinateaxis is moved around the coordinate system origin.

rover Any mobile GPS receiver and field computer that iscollecting data in the field. The position of a rovingreceiver can be differentially-corrected relative to astationary base GPS receiver.

RTCM Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services

A Commission established to define a differential datalink for the real-time differential correction of roving GPSreceivers. There are two types of RTCM differentialcorrection messages, but all Trimble GPS receivers usethe newer Type 2 RTCM protocol.


Glossary

RTK Real-time kinematic

A type of GPS survey.

satellite geometry Position and movement of GPS satellites during a GPSsurvey.

scalar In least squares, a value applied to the variances (errors)based on the required level of confidence.

scalar weighting A process of applying a scalar to the estimated errors toachieve proper weighting of the observation. The threetypes of scalars available in a network adjustment in theTrimble Geomatics Office software are:

Default means that scalar is set to 1.00, initial estimatederror remains the same

Alternative means that scalar is set to the Reference Factorof the previous adjustment

User-defined means that you can enter a value for thescalar

The scalar is applied to the observation errors using one ofthe following methods:

All Observations

Each Observation

Variance Component Groups

scale A multiplier used on coordinate and other linear variables,such as for map projections and transformations.

SDMS Survey Data Management System

A set of format definitions for the storage of survey data.AASHTO maintains this system.


Glossary

Selective Availability(S/A)

Artificial degradation of the GPS satellite signal by theU.S. Department of Defense. Since 1st May 2000,Selective Availability has been turned off.

semi-major axis One-half of the major axis.

semi-minor axis One-half of the minor axis.

session A period during which one or more GPS receivers logsatellite measure data.

set-up error Errors in tribrach centering or height of instrument at acontrol point.

sideshot An observed baseline with no redundancy.

sigma A mathematical symbol or term for standard error.

single-frequency A type of receiver that only uses the L1 GPS signal. Thereis no compensation for ionospheric effects.

site calibration A process of computing parameters which establishing therelationship between WGS-84 positions (latitude,longitude and ellipsoid height) determined by GPSobservations and local known coordinates defined by amap projection and elevations above mean sea level. Theparameters are used to generate local grid coordinatesfrom WGS-84 (and vice-versa) real-time in the field whenusing RTK surveying methods.

skyplot A polar plot that shows the paths of visible satellites forthe time interval selected for the graph. The elevation ofthe satellite is represented in the radial dimension and theazimuth is shown in the angular dimension. The resultdepicts the satellite's path as it appears to an observerlooking down from a place directly above the surveypoint.


Glossary

solution types A description of both the data and techniques used toobtain baseline solutions from GPS measurements.Typical solution types include descriptions such as code,float, and fixed. These describe techniques used by thebaseline processor to obtain a baseline solution. Solutiontypes also may include descriptions such as L1, L2, wide-lane, narrow-lane, or ionospheric free. These describe theway the GPS measurements are combined to achieveparticular results. For more information, see the referenceson GPS processing for a more in depth discussion of theseterms and techniques.

slope distance The distance in the plane parallel to the vertical difference(slope) between the points.

SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio

A measure of the strength of a satellite signal. SNR rangesfrom 0 (no signal) to around 35.

standard error A statistical estimate of error, according to which 68percent of an infinite number of observations willtheoretically have absolute errors less than or equal to thisvalue.

standard error ofunit weight

A measure of the magnitude of observational residuals inan adjusted network as compared to estimatedpreadjustment observational errors.

State PlaneCoordinates

Special definitions of Transverse Mercator and Lambertconformal mapping projections adopted by statute in theUSA. There is one set of such zones for NAD-27, andanother for NAD-83.

static (surveying) A method of GPS surveying using long occupations(hours in some cases) to collect GPS raw data, thenpostprocessing to achieve sub-centimeter precisions.


Glossary

static network The static network describes the geometry and order inwhich GPS baselines collected using static and fast statictechniques are organized and processed. The baselineprocessor first examines the project for points with thehighest quality coordinates, and then builds the processingnetwork from those points. The result is a set of staticbaselines that are derived using accurate initialcoordinates.

status Every observation and set of keyed-in coordinates for apoint has a status field (available in the Summary page ofthe Properties window).

The status can be Enabled, Enabled as check, or Disabled:

Enabled observations and coordinates are always used byrecomputation in determining the calculated position forthe point.

Enabled as check observations and coordinates are onlyused if there are no Enabled ones

Disabled observations and coordinates are never used.

stochastic model A general reference to the techniques used to estimateerrors in a network adjustment.

subnetwork A set of baselines connected together by common controlpoints, and independent of (separate from) any otherbaselines. As used by the Trimble Geomatics Officesoftware, a network may consist of one or moresubnetworks, and any one subnetwork may consist of asfew as one baseline and two control points.

Super-trak A Trimble proprietary method of processing the L2 signalwhen the P-code is encrypted.


Glossary

surveyingobservations

Measurements made at or between control points usingsurveying equipment, including GPS receivers andconventional equipment.

SV Satellite Vehicle (or Space Vehicle)

symbols and linetypes

Symbols and line types are maintained using the TrimbleSymbol and Line Type Editor utilities. Use these editors tocreate new symbols and line types as well as to editexisting ones. Symbols are stored in symbol libraries andline types are stored in line type libraries.

The Trimble Geomatics Office software uses the currentsystem symbol and line type libraries. When saving anedited library you can make this the system library (if it isnot already the current system library).

systematic errors An error that occurs with the same sign, and often thesame magnitude, in a number of related observations.

tau (value) A value computed from an internal frequency distributionbased upon the number of observations, degrees offreedom, and a given probability percentage (95%). Thisvalue is used to determine if an observation is not fittingwith the others in the adjustment. If an observationsresidual exceeds the tau, it is flagged as an outlier. Knownas tau lines in the histogram of standardized residuals,vertical lines left and right of the center vertical line.

tau criterion Allen Pope's statistical technique for detectingobservation outliers. For more information, see Pope(1976).

TDOP Time Dilution of Precision

terrestrialobservation

A terrestrial observation is an observation in the fieldusing a laser rangefinder or conventional instrument.


Glossary

TOW Time of Week

TOW in seconds, from midnight Saturday night/Sundaymorning GPS time.

tracking The process of receiving and recognizing signals from asatellite.

transformation The rotation, shift, and scaling of a network to move itfrom one coordinate system to another.

transformationgroup

A selected group of observations used to computetransformation parameters unique to that group ofobservations. Typically, the observations within the groupare the same type with similar errors and measured using acommon method.

transformationparameters

A set of parameters derived for a network adjustment oruser-defined, that transform one datum to another.Typically with GPS the parameters are generated totransform WGS-84 to the local datum.

tribrach Centering device used for mounting GPS antennas andother survey instruments on survey tripods.

tribrach centeringerrors

The errors associated with centering (plumbing) thetribrach over the observed point. These errors areestimated. The estimate is based on surveying the qualityof surveying methods and should be conservative.

tropo correction Tropospheric correction

The correction applied to a satellite measurement tocorrect for tropospheric delay.


Glossary

tropo model tropospheric model

GPS signals are delayed by the troposphere. The amountof the delay will vary with the temperature, humidity,pressure, height of the station above sea level, and theelevation of the GPS satellites above the horizon.Corrections to the code and phase measurements can bemade using a tropo model to account for these delays.

univariate A mathematical function describing the behavior ofone-dimensional random errors, in:

angle

distance

difference in height

elevation

ellipsoid height

URA User Range Accuracy

A measure of the errors that may be introduced by satelliteproblems and Selective Availability (S/A) if a particularsatellite vehicle (SV) is used. A URA of 32 metersindicates that S/A is enabled. The URA value is set by theControl Segment and is broadcast by the satellites.

unknowns The computed adjustments to coordinates andtransformation parameters. Also used to computeobservation residuals.

US National United States government agency that maintains thenational geodetic datum and all geodetic survey controlnetworks within the US and its territories.

US Survey Foot 1200/3937 meter. The official unit of linear measure forNAD-27.


Glossary

UTC Universal Time Coordinated

A time standard based on local solar mean time at theGreenwich meridian. See also GPS time.

variance The square of the standard error.

variance componentestimation

A least-squares technique for estimating the relative errorof different portions of a network.

variance group One of the groups of observations for which variancecomponent estimation is being used in a networkadjustment.

variance-covariancematrix

The set of numbers expressing the variances andcovariances in a group of observations.

VDOP Vertical Dilution of Precision

vector A three-dimensional line between two points.

vertical Similar to the normal, except that it is computed from thetangent plane to the geoid instead of the ellipsoid.

vertical adjustment A network adjustment of vertical observations andcoordinates only.

vertical control point A point with vertical coordinate accuracy only. Thehorizontal position is of a lower order of accuracy or isunknown.

WAVE Weighted Ambiguity Vector Estimator

WAVE is the Trimble baseline processor. It computes GPSvectors from field observations made using static,FastStatic, or kinematic data collection procedures.

weight The inverse of the variance of an observation.


Glossary

weighting strategy The collection of values used to augmentvariance-covariance matrices in the Trimble GeomaticsOffice software.

weights The set of weights, or the inverse of the variance-covariance matrix of correlated observations.

WGS-84 World Geodetic System (1984)

The mathematical ellipsoid used by GPS since January1987.

wide-lane A linear combination of L1 and L2 carrier phaseobservations (L1 - L2). This is useful for its low effectivewavelength (86.2 cm) and for finding integer ambiguitieson long baselines.

X, Y and Z In the Earth Centered Cartesian system, X refers to thedirection of the coordinate axis running from the systemorigin to the Greenwich Meridian; Y to the axis runningfrom the origin through the 90° east longitude meridian,and Z to the polar ice cap. In rectangular coordinatesystems, X refers to the east-west axis, Y to thenorth-south axis, and Z to the height axis.

Y-code Y-code is an encrypted form of the information containedin the P-code. Satellites transmit Y-code in place of P-code when Anti-Spoofing is in effect.

zenith delay The delay, caused by the troposphere, of a GPS signalobserved from a satellite directly overhead. As a satelliteapproaches the horizon, the signal path through thetroposphere becomes longer and the delay increases.


Index
Symbols
#, wildcard 165*, wildcard 165.html 384?, wildcard 165

Numerics

3D control pointscolor of 150

A

A1 Viewer utility. See Trimble A1 Viewerutility 465

add 348adding

annotations 354annotations, using feature code

processing 319arcs 348attributes to feature codes 390attributes to points 388attributes to projects 381azimuths, manually 344CAD properties to a point 340coordinate systems 411, 417coordinate systems to .csd file 417curves 350

datum transformations 411, 414descriptions for points 341ellipsoids 411, 413entities 338entities, selecting layers 322entities, using feature code

processing 319feature codes to points 340field codes 476geoid models 411lines 345lines, using feature code

processing 319linework between points 345linework for observations 347points 338points with attributes 382points, by azimuth and distance 341points, manually by coordinates 338points, using feature code

processing 319site definitions 411symbols, to .sym file 437text to projects 352

adjusted qualityrecomputation 179, 490

adjustmenthorizontal 51

adjustmentshorizontal, computing 227inclined plane 228


Index

using a calibration in a sitevertical 51

vertical, computing 228vertical, including 228vertical, maximum inclination 233

annotation templates 322, 331, 426adding layers 326creating 332, 336, 426, 431deleting 335editing 335field codes in 331for lines and arcs 434for points, example 431from feature code processing 431predefined 331, 431specifying layers for 432viewing, how to 332, 431

annotationsAlso see entities

adding 354adding using feature code

processing 319amount of text 334and labels 143default position 334defining 331field codes 470floating 334moving 334orientation of 333position of 331, 433specifying layers 334viewing 222viewing properties of 355

antenna detailsediting 212

Antenna filestransferring to the Trimble Survey

Controller software 101

version of Trimble Survey Controllersoftware to transfer to 78

antenna heightsediting 211selecting points by 157

antenna models, NGS 468applying, GPS site calibrations 239arcs

Also see entitiesadding 348viewing properties of 350

ArcView (*.dbf/*.shp/*.shw) Shapefiles 397ArcView, export format 368ASCII data files

custom formats, importing 68importing 64

ASCII formatsexporting data to 367

ASCII formats, customexporting data 367

attributes 378.ddf files for projects 31.fcl files for projects 31adding to points 388adding to projects 381collecting 383collecting, .ddf files 98, 383, 385collecting, .fcl files 96creating 426creating custom reports 391cutting, or copying, and pasting points

with 389date recorded 398defining 378defining sets to collect 438deleting 389for feature codes 425horizontal precision 398importing with .dc files 381managing 189, 386


Index

point elevation 398setting up projects for 381, 388, 425,

427, 443setting up projects for, how to 31setting up projects, .ddf files 381, 385time recorded 398types of 439using new feature codes in a

project 389viewing 386

AutoCAD files 366exporting 366

AutoCAD With Attributes (*.dxf) files 397AutoCAD with attributes, export format 368AutoCAD, export format 368Autodesk fieldbook, export format 369automatic feature code processing 30autonomous, method of measuring

coordinates 116azimuth

adding points by 341azimuth observations 199

survey details of 199viewing details 175

azimuth system, south 57azimuths

adding, manually 344

B

background maps 150backsight class, points 115Base Occupation page, for GPS

observations 193baseline processing

selection method for 151Baseline Processing module. See WAVE

Baseline Processing module 17

baselines, GPSdisabled, color of 149postprocessed, color of 149potential, color of 149

blocks, for symbols 371

C

C&G standard, export format 368CAD details

adding to a point 340of a point, viewing 188

CAD formatsexporting data to 367

CAD styles 322, 327assigning to entities 327creating 327, 331defining 327deleting 327deleting, how to 330editing 327, 330viewing 331

calculated positionsfor GPS baselines or points 33of points, recomputation 505

calibration point pairs 229one-dimensional 231selecting 229three-dimensional 228, 231two-dimensional 231

Calibration ReportAlso see system-generated reports

Calibration Report, sections of 235Calibration.html. See Calibration Reportcalibrations. See GPS site calibrationschanging

.fcl files 382coordinate systems 28, 40, 45coordinate systems, automatically 53


Index

geoid models 44geoid models for sites 52maximum error and iteration

count 233project properties 27status of observations 206view filters 145

check class, points 115Checkin folder 37, 445checking

data 140tolerance 33tolerances 33

classes, pointsTrimble Survey Controller

software 114CMM files, export format 368codes, field. See field codescollecting

attributes, .ddf files 98feature codes in the field 314

color settingsfor a project 148

colorsof flags 14of stations 149of symbols 329, 429

Combined Datum Grid (*.cdg) files 89creating 89transferring 89version of Trimble Survey Controller

software to transfer tocommas

between point names 155components (NE,e,h)

quality of, recomputation 489computation summary, GPS site

calibrations 233

computingdatum transformations 226datum transformations, how to 226GPS site calibration parameters 232horizontal adjustment 227vertical adjustment 228

contextfield codes 471

control classpoints 115

control codes 426assigning to points 442creating 427, 442defining 442

control points3D, color of 150horizontal, color of 150importing 64vertical, color of 150

control qualityrecomputation 179, 490

control quality, fixedrecomputation 179

conventional observationsrecomputation 496viewing details 175, 191, 194

Convert to RINEX utility. See TrimbleConvert to RINEX utility 455

Coordinate page, for points 178coordinate system database 40, 41, 45, 411,

419accessing 410selecting coordinate systems 45viewing 41

coordinate system definitionsusing datum grids in the field 89using geoid models in the field 83

coordinate system field codes 473coordinate system groups 417


Index

coordinate systems (and zones) 39.csd file, using 419adding 411, 417changing 28, 40, 45changing automatically 53creating 410, 411default for projects 28defined 54defining 411, 417duplicating 417editing 411, 417from .dc files 40imported .dc file different to

project 112predefined 410recently-used, selecting 50saving as sites 58Scale factor-only 54selecting 28, 40, 43, 45, 47, 411selecting from the .csd file 45selecting geoid models for 44selecting sites 51using datum grids 89viewing 28viewing details 44, 48

coordinate systems, published 226coordinate systems, viewing details 239coordinates

adding points manually by 338and observations used for points 178entering for project location 60entering into the Trimble Geomatics

Office software 182entering, using Properties

window 182meaning and multiple observations,

recomputation 504methods used to measure 116qualities 116seeding, recomputation 495

status (enabled/disabled),recomputation 489

coordinates, keyed-in 485more than one set for a point,

recomputation 489quality, recomputation 488recomputation 484, 509

coordinates, multipleand observations, recomputation 502

copied, method of measuringcoordinates 116

copyingAlso see cutting, or copying, and

pastingprojects 35

correction planes, for control point pairs 228corrections

sea level 54creating

.cdg files 89

.ddf files 98

.fcl files 316annotation styles 336annotation templates 332, 426, 431attributes 426CAD styles 327, 331control codes 427, 442coordinate systems 410, 411custom report formats 391custom reports 391datum transformations 411export formats 477feature and attribute libraries,

example 426feature codes 427feature codes with attributes 434GPS site calibration 51, 58layers 324, 326line styles 423, 431point styles 423, 426, 427


Index

point styles, example 327projects 24, 36selection sets, on import 125symbols 420, 421, 423symbols, example 421templates 36, 37

creating reports 358Current.csd. See coordinate system databasecurves

Also see entitiesadding 350viewing properties of 351

custom format definitionsitems in dialogs 475

custom formats 470ASCII data files, importing 68body 474footer 474header 474overview 474

custom reports 359creating 391creating for points with attributes 391creating formats 391running 391selecting points to report 391, 395

cutting, or copying, and pastingentities 355points with attributes 389

D

dashesbetween point names 155

dataadding to database,

recomputation 484checking 140displaying in zoom navigator 13editing, recomputation 484

organizing. See layerstools for analysis 214

data collector, exporting survey data to 367Data Dictionary (*.ddf) files 385

collecting attributes 383, 385creating 98exporting to Trimble Survey

Controller software 385for projects with attributes 31line features 385setting up projects for attributes 381,

385, 444transferring 98version of Trimble Survey Controller

software to transfer to 78Data Dictionary Editor software 378, 381,

385creating .ddf files 98

data filesimporting 338

Data Transfer utility. See Trimble DataTransfer utility

data, postprocessed kinematic 126Also see GPS Data (*.dat) files

data, static 126data, survey

exporting to a file or datacollector 367

databasecoordinate system 40, 41, 45tables 382

date, attributes 439Datum Grid (*.cdg) files

Also see Combined Datum Grid(*.cdg) files

Datum Grid (*.dgf) filescreating 467

datum gridsimporting .dc files, wrong for .cdg

file 113


Index

using in a coordinate system 89using in the field in coordinate system

definition 89Datum Transformation Parameters section,

Calibration Report 236datum transformations

adding 411, 414computing 226computing, how to 226creating 411editing 411predefined 226

DC File Editor utility. See<DefaultParaFont>Trimble DC FileEditor utility

default.fcl files 423, 424, 427, 436coordinate system selected for

projects 28elevations 53geoid models 49layer 322projections. See default Transverse

Mercator projectiondefault elevation

recomputation 513default Transverse Mercator projection 40,

45, 55creating projects 54defining 56importing .dat files, undefined 125importing .dc files, undefined 113selecting geoid models 44undefined 53

definingannotations 331attributes 378coordinate systems 411, 417line styles 420

deleted class, points 115

deletingannotation templates 335attributes 389CAD styles 327CAD styles, how to 330layers 326projects 34projects, retrieving 35

delta elevation 343descriptions, for points

adding 341Design Points – As Staked report 361devices 401

deleting 409managing 409setting up for Trimble Data

Transfer 402transferring data to 401types for the Data Transfer utility 402viewing properties of 409

dialogs, appearing when importing 69digital level files, importing 131digital levels, supported by the software 131Digital Terrain Model (*.dtx) files

transferring 99distance

adding points by 341units to use 342

distance recomputations 33drag-and-drop

importing .dat files from computer toproject 122

importing .dc files from computer toproject 109

importing files to a project 64drawing

palette 421size 421symbols 421tools 421


Index

DTM pointsversion of Trimble Survey Controller

software to transfer to 78duplicate points. See points, duplicateduplicating

records 411, 412Dynamically Linked Library (*.dll) files 68

E

easting and northingused in calibration computation 231

editing.dc files 444.fcl files 425annotation templates 335antenna heights 212CAD styles 327, 330CAD-related properties of

entities 213coordinate systems 411, 417data, recomputation 484datum transformations 411ellipsoid records 411ellipsoids 411geoid models 411layers 325Locked property of layers 14multiple entities 209multiple entities, selection method

for 151point details 176point details, survey 177site definitions 411survey data 206survey-related properties of an

entity 211symbols and line types 420view filters 14Visible property of layers 14

editing antenna heights 211elevation

delta 343elevations 224

determining for GPS points 42null 50specifying default for projects 53

elevations, default. See default elevationEllipse Controls toolbar 18ellipses

between point names 155ellipsoid heights 42, 43ellipsoid records

editing 411ellipsoid, WGS-84 86ellipsoids

adding 411, 413creating 412editing 411

enteringproject location coordinates 60

entitiesadding 338adding using feature code

processing 319adding, selecting layers 322assigning CAD styles 327changing styles of 19cutting, or copying, and pasting 355deselecting 152editing CAD-related properties 213editing multiple, selection method

for 151editing survey-related properties 211hiding, in layers 325multiple, editing 209viewing 173

entities, how displayed 322entities, linework

viewing 219


Index

entities, selectedexporting 367

entities, selecting 140entities, selecting all 152entities, selecting, in layers 324entities, selecting, in specified layers 164entities, selecting, in the Plan view 163entities, selecting, methods 151entities, selecting, using queries 166entities, selecting, with the mouse 152Error Estimate page, for points 178, 187error flags 15error messages

importing .dat files 125importing .dc files 112, 113

errorsin data, viewing 202reported in system-generated

reports 32Errors and Warning section, Recompute

Report 515errors, estimated 178event marker, color of 150events data

viewing details 175exiting, the Trimble Geomatics Office

software 22exploding

merged points 127Export folder 445export formats 366

Also see custom formatscreating 477GIS 397

exporting.ddf files to Trimble Survey Controller

software 385.fcl files to survey controller 383AutoCAD files 366data to ASCII and CAD formats 367

NGS Bluebook files 372points and attributes to GIS

formats 367project database 367selected entities 367survey data to a file or data

collector 367to data in a custom ASCII format 367to third party software formats 365

F

false northings and eastings 57updated 54

FastStatic baselinesdirection of 207

FastStatic baselines, viewing details 191FCpro.htm. See feature code-processing

reportFeature and Attribute Editor utility. See

Trimble Feature and Attribute Editorutility

feature and attribute libraries 378changing 382creating 316creating, example 426default 423, 424, 427, 436defining CAD styles 327exporting to survey controller 383for collecting feature codes and

attributes 96for processing feature codes 314, 315,

316for projects with attributes 31from TRIMMAP 315importing .dc files, different to

project 113in the field 382processing 423


Index

processing feature codes 427projects, setting up for attributes 425saving 427, 443selecting 381, 382transferring to Trimble Survey

Controller software 96, 314, 315,383, 443

using in Trimble Geomatics Officesoftware 443

Feature and Attribute Library (*.fcl) filesAlso see feature and attribute libraries

version of Trimble Survey Controllersoftware to transfer to 78

feature code processing 316, 425, 443, 444.fcl files 314, 315, 427adding annotation templates 431assigning styles to points and

lines 425automatically 30by selection 319feature and attribute libraries 316layers, selecting 322selection method for 151selection set 316, 317undoing 318

feature code-processing report(FCpro.html) 319

choosing the way you arenotified 319

locating and opening 320feature codes 385, 425, 426, 427

adding layers 326adding to points 340attributes 425collecting in the field 314collecting, .fcl files 96creating 427, 434descriptions of 434entering in the Properties

window 314, 315

layers for 437procedures for points 425processing 316processing automatically 30processing. See feature code

processingfeature codes with attributes

using new in a project 389features 385

lines, in .ddf files 385points 385setting up projects for 30

field codesaccessing 470adding 476context 471coordinate system 473elements of syntax 470in annotation templates 331modifiers 472name 471options 472overview 470project 473

field codes, system 473field fill-in, how to use 339files

AutoCAD 366AutoCAD, exporting 366Background Map 150digital level, importing 131Dynamically Linked Library (*.dll).

See Dynamically Linked Library(*.ddl) files

exporting survey data to 367Geoid Grid (*.ggf). See Geoid Grid

(*.ggf) filesimporting to a project more than

once 70importing to a project, example 75


Index

Latitude Grid (*.cdg). See LatitudeGrid (*.dgf) files

Linetype.ltp 327Longitude Grid (*.dgf). See Longitude

Grid (*.dgf) filesMeterological 129National Geodetic Survey (NGS) Data

Sheet. See National GeodeticSurvey (NGS) Data Sheet files

Navigation Message 129NGS Bluebook 372Observation Data 129RINEX. See RINEX filesRINEX. See Trimble Convert to

RINEX utility 455Survey Controller (*.dc). See Survey

Controller (*.dc) filesSymbols.dxf 371Symbols.sym 327, 371transferring to the Trimble Survey

Controller software 78, 79transferring to the Trimble Survey

Controller software, how to 79TRIMMAP graphics 366World 150

files, ASCII datacustom formats, importing 68importing 64

files, projectstored in specified folder 25

files, rotation of 150filters, view 143Flag icon, in status bar 14flagged observations

color of 149flags

colors of 14error 15suppressing 14

flags, warning 202

floating annotations 334folder structure 7folders

Checkin 37, 445Export 445for projects 445Reports 32, 317, 320

formatof .dc file to be created 80

formatsexport 366RINEX file 129selecting 29

formats, customAlso see custom formats

body 474footer 474header 474

FTP site xvii, xxi

G

geographic information system (GIS)export formats 397formats, exporting points and

attributes to 367Geoid Grid (*.ggf) files 42, 83

creating 467importing .dc files, wrong geoid

model for 113size of file to be created 85transferring to Trimble Survey

Controller software 83, 88version of Trimble Survey Controller

software to transfer to 78geoid indicator, Properties window 180Geoid Model Definition section, Calibration

Report 237geoid models 40, 42


Index

adding 411area defined by 85changing 44changing for sites 52choosing default for a coordinate

system 419converting between heights and

elevations 43default 49determining elevation for GPS

points 42editing 411for a default Transverse Mercator

projection 44for coordinate systems 44importing .dc files, wrong .ggf

file 113selecting 43subgridding 83using as part of the coordinate system

definition in the field 83viewing properties 49, 58

geoid models, quality 34geoid separations 86

viewing 42geoid-ellipsoid separations. See geoid

separationsgeomatics, definition 2GPS Baseline Processing Report 17GPS baselines

calculated positions for 33direction of, recomputation 495multiple 33selecting by baseline precision 160

GPS Data (*.dat) filesimporting from the Trimble Survey

Controller software 118importing from your computer 122

GPS Data (*.dat) files, importing 118drag-and-drop 122

from a GPS receiver 119messages and dialogs 125points with duplicate names 127

GPS loop closures 205GPS observations

determining positions for,recomputation 494

disabling 192pages in Properties window forusing for a recomputation 206using in a network adjustment 192viewing details 175, 191, 192

GPS occupations 178viewing details 193

GPS points 229determining elevation using a geoid

model 42GPS positions

collecting 426GPS receiver device

Also see devicessetting up 405

GPS receiver. See Trimble GPS receiverGPS site calibration, recomputation 512GPS site calibrations 42, 43, 58, 224, 232

analyzing parameters 232applying 239computation summary 233computation summary

parameters 233computing parameters 232creating 51, 58example 240finding problem point pairs 234performing 58point pairs, errors 234report 235selecting calibration components 224using in future projects 239using saved 239


Index

GPS site calibrations, parametersanalyzing 233

GPS Solution (APC) page, for points 178GPS vectors. See GPS baselinesGPS WAAS, method of measuring

coordinates 116graphics window 10–14

color of 149Grid Factory utility. See Trimble Grid

Factory utility 467grid lines

viewing 147grid points 229ground scale factor, setting 61

H

heights, ellipsoid 42, 43heights, WGS-84 224Help 6

printing topics 6utilities 400

Help, context-sensitive xvi, xxHidden Layers icon, in the status bar 14High reference variance (GPS Post

Processing), warning message 205High RMS (GPS Post Processing), warning

message 205HighRMS (RTK), warning message 204horizontal adjustment

computing 227including 228scale factor 233

Horizontal Adjustment Parameters section,Calibration Report 237

horizontal adjustments, GPS sitecalibration 51

horizontal components, quality forrecomputation 509

horizontal control pointscolor of 150

horizontal residual, maximum 233HTML viewer 358hyphens

in point names 155

I

icons, in the status bar 14import formats See custom formatsimport reports 73, 136

Messages section 137parts of 136Project Details section 137Recompute Report 137

Import.html. See imported files reportimported files reports 73, 136importing

.dc files 52

.dc files containing attributes 384ASCII data files 64attributes, with .dc files 381control points 64data files 338data files, selection sets 169digital level files 131files to a project 66files to a project, drag-and-drop 64files to a project, more than once 70files to a project, Pacsoft example 75messages and dialogs that may

appear 69National Geodetic Survey (NGS) Data

Sheet filesquality of points 67selection sets created 70

importing, .dat files 118drag-and-drop 122


Index

error messages 125from a GPS receiver 119from the Trimble Survey Controller

software 118from your computer 122messages and dialogs 125points with duplicate names 127undefined default Transverse

Mercator projection 125importing, .dc files

different coordinate systems 112different feature and attribute

libraries 113error messages 112, 113from computer to project 110from computer to project, drag-and-

drop 109from the Trimble Survey Controller

software 106into the Trimble Geomatics Office

software 106messages and dialogs that appear 112undefined default Transverse

Mercator projection 113wrong .cdg file for datum grid 113wrong geoid model for .ggf file 113

installingTrimble Grid Factory utility, how

to 467inverse, between two points

displaying 214Inverse.html report 216iteration count, changing 233

K

keyed-in control, method of measuringcoordinates 116

keyed-in normal, method of measuringcoordinates 116

kinematic baselines, postprocessedviewing details 191

L

L1 Code, method of measuringcoordinates 116

labelsand annotations 143field codes 470for points 142

laser rangefinder observationscolor of 149details of 197disabling 198recomputations 496status of 198values 198viewing details of 175, 191

Latitude Grid (*.dgf) files 89Layer Selection tool 322layer, default 322layers 322

adding in annotation templates 326adding in feature codes 326creating 324, 326deleting 326editing 325editing Locked property of 14editing visible property of 14hiding entities 325locking 325managing 323selecting 322selecting all entities in 164selecting entities in 324specifying for annotation

templates 432specifying for annotations 334

layers, for feature codes 437


Index

least squares method 227, 228level observations

viewing details 175, 191Level report 362line features

in .ddf files 385line styles 426, 427

Also see CAD stylesassigning to lines, arcs, curves 425creating 423, 431defining 420

line types 420, 423editing 420

line types, predefined 427lines

Also see entitiesAlso see linework

adding 345adding using feature code

processing 319how displayed 442viewing properties of 347

Linetype.ltp files 327Linetype.ltp See feature and attribute

libraries, defaultlinework

Also see arcsAlso see curvesAlso see lines

adding between points 345adding for observations 347viewing properties of 346

Locked Layers icon, in the status bar 14Longitude Grid (*.dgf) files 89Loop Closure Reportloop closures, GPS. See GPS loop closuresLow ratio (GPS Post Processing), warning

message 205

M

MapInfo (*.mif/*.mid) files 397MapInfo, export format 368mapping quality

recomputation 179, 490marker, event, color of 150maximum error, changing 233mean sea level 42meaning

position of sideshot points, rules 504menu, attributes 439menus

shortcut 21merging

duplicate points, warning flags 72messages

received on import 69warning 53, 204, 384

Messages section, import reports 137Meterological file 129Microstation (*.dgn) files 397Microstation, export format 368misclosure

warning message, viewing 178misclosures 14, 15mouse pointers. See pointers, shapes 22moving

points, recomputation 512multiple

GPS baselines 33observations 33

Multiple failures (GPS Post Processing),warning message 205

multiple sideshot observations,recomputations 33


Index

N

namefield codes 471

National Geodetic Survey (NGS) Data Sheetfiles, importing 130

Navigation Message file 129Network Adjustment module 18

opening a project created with 26Network Adjustment Report 18network adjustment styles 18network-adjusted points

color of 150New Project shortcut, in the project bar 24New Project tool 24NGS antenna models 468NGS Bluebook Export, format 368NGS Bluebook files 372normal class, points 115northing and easting

used in calibration computation 231note records

viewing 218null elevations 50numeric, attributes 439

O

Observation Data file 129Observation page

for conventional observations 195,197, 200

for GPS observations 193for laser rangefinder observations 198for reduced observations 201

Observation Statistics pagefor GPS observations 193, 195

observationsAlso see conventional observationsAlso see GPS observations

Also see laser rangefinderobservations

Also see reduced observationsadding linework for 347and coordinates used for points 178changing status 206disabling 195, 197enabled as a check, color of 149misclosures 14, 15multiple 33multiple sideshot, recomputations 33quality 117recomputation 484, 509selecting 158selecting from or to a specified

point 159viewing details 175viewing details of 191

observations, azimuth. See azimuthobservations

observations, multipleand coordinates, recomputation 502and meaning coordinates,

recomputation 504to sideshot points, recomputation 503

observations, raw GPSprocessing 17

Occupations and Setups pages, forpoints 178

occupations, GPS 178viewing details 193

online Help xvi, xxOpen Project shortcut, in the project bar 26Open Project tool 26opening

projects, how to 26Properties window 173Summary page in Properties

window 180system-generated reports 320


Index

templates 38utilities 400

optionsfield codes 472

originupdating default Transverse Mercator

projection 227Out-of-Tolerance Closure (recomputation),

warning message 204Out-of-Tolerance Observation

(recomputation), warning message 204

P

Pacsoft export format 369Pacsoft files

importing to a project, example 75pages, Properties window. See Properties

windowPan mode, pointer 22Pan tool 141parameters, calibration

analyzing 232, 233computation summary 233computing 232for vertical adjustment 228

parameters, vertical shift 228pasting. See cutting, or copying, and pastingPC cards, Trimble Survey Controller 401Plan view 10, 19

selecting entities 163using 321

plane adjustment, inclined 228plane transformations 227planes, correction for control point pairs 228plot scale, specified 329Point Derivation Report

generating 180viewing 180

Point Derivation Report, example 181Point Derivations section, Recompute

Report 516point features 385point pairs, calibration 229

errors 234finding problem pairs 234problem with 233selecting 229, 230three-dimensional 228, 231

Point Residuals, Calibration Report 238point styles 426, 427

Also see CAD stylesassigning to points 420, 425creating 423, 426, 427creating, example 327defining settings for 428selecting 437

point styles, size 429point symbols 327, 420pointers, shapes 22points

Also see entitiesAlso see recomputation

#, wildcard 165*, wildcard 165?, wildcard 165adding 338adding by azimuth and distance 341adding descriptions for 341adding feature codes to 340adding using feature code

processing 319adding, manually by coordinates 338alphanumeric names 155arcs between, adding 348assigning qualities to 126backsight class 115CAD properties, adding to 340calculated positions for 33


Index

calculating position 505check class 115classes, Trimble Survey Controller

software 114color of 149commas between names 155control class 115control codes for 442coordinates, methods used to

measure 116dashes between names 155deleted class 115details of, Properties window 176details, survey 177determining quality of,

recomputation 510displaying inverse between two 214ellipses between names 155entering coordinates for using

Properties window 182entering coordinates into the Trimble

Geomatics Office software 182entering traverses 343exploding merged 127exporting to GIS formats 367how displayed 442hyphens in names 155labels for 142lines between, adding 345linework between, adding 345managing attributes for 189more than one set of keyed-in

coordinates, recomputation 489moving, recomputation 512normal class 115pages in Properties window for 178procedures for feature codes 425quality of coordinates 116quality, selecting for import 67selecting 153

selecting by antenna height 157selecting by GPS quality 156selecting by name 154selecting by name, rules for 155selecting by name, wildcards 165stake class 115stakeout information 187stakeout information, viewing 186viewing CAD details 188viewing details of 175viewing details, selection method

for 151viewing observations and coordinates

used for 178viewing qualities 178

Points Report 359points with attributes

adding to projects 382creating custom reports for 391cutting, or copying, and pasting 389

points, calculating position, determiningcriteria for 489

points, calibrationselecting 163

points, duplicatemanaging 117merging 73merging, warning flags 72renaming 72, 189selecting 161selection method for 151

points, GPS 229determining elevation using a geoid

model 42points, grid 229points, network adjusted

color of 150points, sideshot

multiple observations to,recomputation 503


Index

rules for meaning position of,recomputation 504

points, stakedselecting 162

points, starting. See starting pointspoints, traverse

recomputations 508points, WGS-84

relationship with grid points 224positions

calculated for GPS baselines orpoints 33

GPS, collecting 426Postprocessed Kinematic (PPK) vectors

color of 149postprocessed kinematic data

Also see GPS Data (*.dat) filesimporting 126

PPK Continuous vectorscolor of 149

processingraw GPS observations 17

processing feature codes. See feature codeprocessing

projectproperties of 27

project bar 12Also see zoom navigator 12

groups 12New Project shortcut 24Open Project shortcut 26opening a project 26parts of 12shortcuts 12showing or hiding 13utilities, opening 400

project bar, creating a project 24project databases

exporting 367

Project Details section, CalibrationReport 236

Project Details section, import reports 137Project Details section, Recompute

Report 515project field codes 473project files

in specified folder 25projection parameters

calculated 57projections

default. See default TransverseMercator projection

projects 24adding attributes 381adding points with attributes 382changing .fcl files 424changing coordinate systems 28changing properties 27color settings 148coordinate systems for 39copying 35creating 24, 36default coordinate system for 28default elevation, recomputation 513defining CAD styles 327deleting 34entering location coordinates 60geoid models for 40importing files to 66importing files to, using drag-and-

drop 64opening, how to 26retrieving deleted 35selecting a template for 36selecting coordinate systems 43selecting unit values and format 29setting up 23setting up for attributes 381, 388,

425, 427, 443


Index

setting up for attributes, .ddffiles 381, 385

setting up for attributes, how to 31setting up for features 30templates 40using new feature codes with

attributes in a project 389viewing, coordinate systems 28

projects, background colour of 429projects, folders 445projects, templates 36properties

coordinate system, viewing 48viewing geoid model 49

Properties window 172, 386assigning styles to points and

lines 425azimuth observations 199entering coordinates 182entering feature codes 314, 315geoid indicator 180layers, selecting 322opening 173opening Summary page 180pages 175pages for conventional observations

in 194, 197pages for GPS observations in 192pages for points in 178parts of 173point descriptions, viewing 436point details 176point details, survey 177Stakeout page 187

properties, attributes 441

Q

qualitiesassigning to points 126for points, viewing 178observations 117

qualitygeoid models 34hierarchy table, recomputation 492hierarchy, recomputation 490keyed-in coordinate,

recomputation 488keyed-in coordinates and

observations, recomputation 509of component (NE,e,h),

recomputation 489of coordinates 116of observed points, determining 510of points for importing 67selecting points by 156

queriesselecting entities 166

QuickPlan. See Trimble QuickPlan

R

Real Time Kinematic (RTK) base positionrecomputation 511

recomputationsadjusted quality 179, 490calculating position of points 505control quality 179, 490criteria for determining calculated

position 489default elevation 513determining calculated positions for

points 485determining observations to be

used. 206


Index

determining positions for GPSobservations 494

determining quality of observedpoints 510

direction of GPS baselines 495example 500fixed control quality 179flowchart 485GPS site calibration 512horizontal and vertical component

qualities 509keyed in coordinates and

observations 509keyed-in coordinates and

observations, quality 509keyed-in coordinates, quality 488mapping quality 179, 490meaning position of sideshot

points 504more than one set of keyed-in

coordinates 489moving points 512multiple observations and

coordinates 502multiple observations and meaning

coordinates 504multiple observations to sideshot

points 503multiple sideshot observations 33performing 14, 207, 484potential starting points,

determining 487potential starting points, position and

quality of 488quality hierarchy 490quality hierarchy table 492quality of component 489reversing GPS baselines 208RTK base positions 511seeding coordinates 495

settings 32status of coordinates 489survey quality 179, 490tolerance distance 505traverse points 508unknown quality 179, 490warning flags 513

recomputations, distance 33Recompute icon, in the status bar 14Recompute Report 206, 484, 513

Errors and Warnings section 515import reports 137parts of 514Point Derivations section 516Project Details section 515Traverse Report section 519

Recompute Report, Survey Data section 520recomputing

overview 484records

duplicating 411, 412user-defined 416, 419

reduced observations 191viewing details of 175, 200

release notes xvii, xxirenaming

duplicate pointsreport formats

Also see custom reportsreports

Also see custom reportsAlso see Point Derivation ReportAlso see system-generated report

additional 359creating 358Design Points /= As Staked

report 361header 358header, changing information 27import 73, 136


Index

imported files 73, 136Inverse.html 216Level report 362links in 363Loop Closure. See Loop Closure

Reportmodifying 359point derivation details following

warning message 203Points 359Stakeout report 360

Reports folder 32, 317, 320Residual Differences Between GPS And

Known Coordinates section, CalibrationReport 238

residualsmaximum horizontal 233maximum vertical 233

RINEX file format 129RINEX files 129

Also see Trimble Convert to RINEXutility 458

importing 129RMS, high

warning message, viewing 178rotation

of symbols 329rotation of files 150rotations 227Rover Occupation page, for GPS

observations 193RTK Continuous vectors

color of 149RTK GPS baselines

color of 149direction of 207viewing details 191

S

saving.fcl files 427, 443a template 38selection sets 168symbols, new 422

scale factor 57, 227horizontal adjustment 233

Scale factor only, coordinate system 54importing a .dc file 54

scale factor, ground 61scale, plot 329SDMS, export format 369SDR files, export format 369SDRMap coordinates, export format 369sea level

elevations 224sea level corrections 54

changing for terrestrial data 33sea level, mean 42seeding coordinates, recomputation 495selected entities

color of 149selecting

.fcl files 381, 382a template for a project 36calibration components 224calibration point pairs 229, 230calibration points 163coordinate systems 28, 40, 43, 45,

411coordinate systems and zones 47coordinate systems from the .csd

file 45coordinate systems in .dc files 52duplicate points 161entities 140entities in specified layers 164entities using queries 166entities with the mouse 152


Index

entities, all 152entities, in layers 324entities, in the Plan view 163entities, methods 151flagged observations 14geoid model 43GPS observations by baseline

precision 160layer 322observations 158observations, from or to a specified

point 159point styles 437points 153points by antenna height 157points by GPS quality 156points by name 154points by name, rules for 155points to report 391, 395recently-used coordinate systems 50sites 51sites as coordinate systems 51staked points 162symbols 428unit values and format 29using wildcards to select multiple

point names 165selection methods 140selection set

feature code processing 316, 317selection sets 168

created on import 70, 125importing data files 169saved, retrieving 169saving 168viewing 114, 125

separations, geoid 86separators, between attributes 439sets, selection. See selection sets

setting upprojects 23projects for attributes 381, 388projects for attributes, .ddf files 385projects for features 30

settingsrecomputations 32

shortcut menus 21shortcuts, in project bar

New Project 24Open Project 26

site calibrations, GPS. See GPS sitecalibrations

site definitionsadding 411editing 411

siteschanging geoid model 44details, viewing 52saving coordinate systems as 58selecting 51selecting as coordinate systems 51

Sokkia SDR data collectorsviewing and editing files of 444

stake class, points 115Stakeout report 360STAR*NET 2D control points, export

formats 369STAR*NET 3D control points, export

formats 369STAR*NET observations, export

formats 369starting points

potential, determining forrecomputations

potential, position and quality of 488starting, Trimble Geomatics Office

software 10Static baselines

direction of 207


Index

static baselinesviewing details 191

static data 126stations

color of 149status (enabled/disabled)

of coordinates, recomputation 489status bar 14

icons in 14styles, CAD. See CAD stylessubgridding

.ggf files 83Summary page, Properties window

for conventional observations 195,197

for GPS observations 192for laser rangefinder observations 198for points 178for reduced observations 200, 201opening 180WGS-84 points 179

Summary, Calibration Report 238Survey Controller (*.dc) files 45, 106, 444

avoiding errors by transferring 80containing attributes, importing 384coordinate systems 40editing 444formatting of files to be created 80importing 52importing attributes 381importing with a Scale factor-only

coordinate system 54locating 445selecting coordinate systems from 52setting up project for attributes 444transferring to projects 314, 316version of Trimble Survey Controller

software to transfer to 78viewing 444

Survey Controller (*.dc) files, importingfrom computer to project 110from computer to project, drag-and-

drop 109from the Trimble Survey Controller

software 106into the Trimble Geomatics Office

software 106messages and dialogs that appear 112

survey dataediting 206source types 185viewing 146, 175

Survey Data Management System SeeSDMS

Survey Data section, Recompute Report 520survey quality

recomputation 179, 490Survey view 10, 15

on opening a project 26symbol files 422

as system library files 422, 423symbols 423

adding to .sym file 437blocks for 371color of 329, 429creating 420, 421, 423creating, example 421drawing 421editing 420orientation of 329, 430saving new 422selecting 428size 429size of 329

symbols, point. See point symbolssymbols, predefined 427Symbols.dxf files 371Symbols.sym. See feature and attribute

libraries, default


Index

system field codes 473system library files

symbol files 422, 423system-generated reports

<filename>.html 384Calibration 235Calibration, sections of 235choosing how you are notified of 31choosing the way you are

notified 319feature code-processing report

(FCpro.html) 317, 319GPS Baseline Processing Report 17informing of errors 32locating and opening 320Network Adjustment 18

T

tablesin the database 382

Target Setup page, for conventionalobservations 195

templatesannotation. See annotation templatescreating 36, 37for a project 36, 40opening 38project, defining CAD styles 327saving 38selecting for a project 36

templates, for a project 24TERRAMODEL, export format 369terrestrial data

changing sea level correction for 33terrestrial observations

color of 149using for a recomputation 206

terrestrial positions

collecting 426terrestrial setup, from or to the point 178text

Also see entitiesadding to a project 352in project, orientation of 353viewing properties of 354

text stylesAlso see CAD stylesselecting for annotations 333

text, associated with entities. See annotationstext, attributes 439text, color of 149text, entity

viewing details 220time, attributes 439Timeline window 17tolerance checking 33tolerance distance, recomputation 505tolerance values 33toolbars

Ellipse Controls 18tools

Arc 421drawing 421for data analysis 214Layer Selection 322Line 421New Project 24Open Project 26zoom 13, 85, 141

ToolTips 21TPLANE, export format 369transferring

.cdg files 89

.dc files to projects 314, 316

.dc files, avoiding errors by 80

.ddf files 98

.dtx files 99


Index

.fcl files to Trimble Survey Controllersoftware 96, 314, 383, 443

.ggf files 83Antenna files 101data to devices 401files to the Trimble Survey Controller

software 78Survey Controller (*.dc) files 80

transferring filesto the Trimble Survey Controller

software 79to the Trimble Survey Controller

software, how to 79transformations, plane 227translations 227Transverse Mercator projection, default 40,

45, 55, 226creating projects 54defining 56selecting geoid models 44undefined 53updating origin 227

traverse pointsmore than one observation,

recomputation 508Traverse Report section

Recompute Report 519traverses

entering for a point 343Trimble Convert to RINEX utility

Configuration dialog 457configuring

antenna information 459controls 463header information 461output files 458the RINEX conversion 457

creating conversion file 464defining header fields 461editing antenna information 460

filescreating conversion 464input 456output 455, 458types 455

Header Field Override dialog 462selecting

folders and files 456input files 456output folder 457

Trimble Coordinate System Manager utility.csd 411coordinate system groups 417coordinate systems 411

adding 417adding to .csd file 417creating 411duplicating 417editing 417

datum transformationsadding 414creating 411

ellipsoidsadding 413creating 412

geoid models for coordinate systems,choosing 419

recordsduplicating 411

records, ellipsoidediting 411

records, user-defined 416, 419viewing .csd 41

Trimble Data Exchange Format 369Trimble Data Transfer

devicesdeleting 409managing 409viewing properties of 409

GPS receiver device setting up 405


Index

setting up devices 402transferring

data to devices 401Trimble Survey Controller device

setting up 403types of devices 402

Trimble Data Transfer utility 401Trimble DC File Editor utility 444

.dc files 444editing 444locating 445viewing 444, 445

Sokkia SDR data collectors, viewingand editing files of 444

Trimble DC File Editor window 445Trimble Feature and Attribute Editor

utility 425Annotation Template-Properties

Dialog 432annotation templates 426

creating 336, 426, 431for lines and arcs 434for points example 431from feature code

processing 431predefined 431specifying layers for 432viewing, how to 431

annotations, position of 433attributes

creating 426defining sets to collect 438

attributes, properties 441attributes, types of 439CAD styles

creating 331color settings 429control codes 426

assigning to points 442creating 427, 442

feature and attribute librariescreating, example 426editing 425processing 423saving 427, 443transferring to Trimble Survey

Controller software 443viewing 425

feature code processing, .fcl files 427Feature Code Properties dialog,

Attributes tab 440feature codes 426, 427

creating 427, 434descriptions of 434layers for 437

layerscreating 326

line styles 426, 427creating 423, 431

line types, predefined 427point descriptions, viewing 436point styles 426, 427

creating 423, 426, 427defining settings for 428selecting 437

point styles, size 429projects, setting up for attributes 427separators, between attributes 439symbol files, as system library

files 422, 423symbols

adding to .sym file 437creating 423selecting 428

symbols, orientation of 430symbols, predefined 427symbols, size 429Trimble Geomatics Office software,

linking 426using, example 426


Index

when and why to use 425Trimble GDM, export format 368Trimble Geomatics Office software

exiting 22folder structure 7getting started 6key features 2overview 2starting 10using 3workflow 4

Trimble Geomatics Office window 10–14Also see project bar 12Also see status bar 14Also see zoom navigator 13

Trimble GPS receiver 401importing .dat files from 119

Trimble Grid Factory utility.ggf, creating 467installing, how to 467viewing geoid separations 42

Trimble Line Type Editor utility 420line styles, defining 420line types 420

editing 420projects, changing .fcl files 424

Trimble Pathfinder Office software 98Trimble QuickPlan

almanac, current ephemeris file 447creating sessions and defining

points 448defining a point 450defining the session 449displaying graphs 454exiting 455setting Auto Time parameters 452viewing reports 453viewing the Status Window 451when and why use 446

Trimble Survey Controller (*.dc) files

transferring 80Trimble Survey Controller device

Also see devicessetting up 403

Trimble Survey Controller softwarecollecting attributes 383exporting .ddf files 385exporting .fcl files to 383importing .dc files from 106PC card 401transferring .fcl files 383transferring .fcl files to 96, 315transferring Antenna files to 101transferring files to 78transferring Geoid Grid (*.ggf) files

to 88versions to transfer files to 78

Trimble Symbol Editor utility 420drawing

size 421tools 421

drawing palette 421point styles

assigning to points 420point symbols 420projects, changing libraries 424symbol file 422symbols

creating 420, 421creating, example 421drawing 421editing 420saving new 422

toolsArc 421Line 421

TRIMMAP.fcl files 315

TRIMMAP files 366TRIMMAP, export format 369


Index

U

UK National Gridversion of Trimble Survey Controller

software to transfer to 78undefined default Transverse Mercator

projection 53unit values

selecting 29units of measurement

for distance 342unknown quality

recomputation 179, 490Updated Default Projection (Transverse

Mercator) Definition section, CalibrationReport 236

UtilitiesQuickPlan 446

utilities 400A1 Viewer. See Trimble A1 Viewer

utility 465Convert to RINEX. See Trimble

Convert to RINEX utility 455Coordinate System Manager. See

Trimble Coordinate SystemManager

Data Transfer. See Trimble DataTransfer utility

DC File Editor. See<DefaultParaFont>Trimble DCFile Editor utility

Feature and Attribute Editor. SeeTrimble Feature and AttributeEditor

Feature and Attribute Editor. SeeTrimble Feature and AttributeEditor utility

Grid Factory. See Trimble GridFactory utility 467

utilities, Help 400utilities, opening 400

V

valueslaser rangefinder observations 198tolerance 33

vectors, GPS. See GPS baselinesvertical adjustment

computing 228including 228maximum inclination 233parameters for 228

Vertical Adjustment Parameters section,Calibration Report 237

vertical adjustment, GPS site calibration 51vertical components, quality for

recomputation 509vertical control point

color of 150vertical residual, maximum 233vertical shift parameters 228view

annotation details 222properties of text 354

view filters 143changing 145editing 14

View Filters icon, in the status bar 14viewing

.csd 41

.dc files 444, 445

.fcl files 425annotation templates, how to 332,

431attributes 386CAD details of a point 188CAD styles 331coordinate system details 44, 48, 239coordinate systems 28entities 173erroneous data 202


Index

geoid model properties 49, 58geoid separations 42GPS observation details 192grid lines 147linework entities 219note records 218observations 14observations and coordinates used for

points 178observations, details 175, 191Point Derivation Report 180point descriptions 436point details 175, 176point details, survey 177point qualities 178points 14reduced observation detailsselection sets 114, 125selection sets created on import 70site details 52survey data 146, 175text entity details 220warning messages 178, 202

viewing, propertiesof lines 347

viewing, properties ofannotations 355arcs 350curves 351linework 346

viewsPlan 10, 19Survey 10, 15switching between Plan and

Survey 10

W

warning flags 202warning flags, recomputation 513

warning messages 53, 204, 384viewing 178, 192, 200, 202

Warning page, for GPS observations 192,200

Warning page, for points 178WAVE Baseline Processing module 17

opening a project created with 26WAVE GPS baseline processing module

RINEX files 129WAVE processing styles 17WGS-84

ellipsoid 86heights 224points, relationship with grid

points 224WGS-84 points, in Summary page of

Properties window 179wildcards

# 165* 165? 165selecting multiple point names 165

WILDsoft, export format 369window

graphics 10–14Properties 172Trimble Geomatics Office 10–14

World files 150world wide web site xv, xix

Z

Zeiss Rec E/M5, export format 369zoom navigator 13

showing or hiding 13using 13using a mouse with a wheel 13

zoom tools 13, 85, 141


Reader Comment FormTrimble Geomatics Office User Guide – Volume 2January 2001 Part Number 39329-10-ENG Revision A

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