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© Transas Ltd. June, 2007

TRANSAS INS (VERSION 1.11.002)

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

© 2007 Transas Ltd. All rights reserved. The information contained herein is proprietary to Transas Ltd. and shall not be duplicated in whole or in part. The technical details contained in this manual are the best that are available at the date of issue but are subject to change without notice. Transas Ltd. pursues the policy of continuous development. This may lead to the product described in this manual being different from the product delivered after its publication. The names of actual companies and products mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.

TRANSAS INS (v. 1.11.002). Functional Description 1

This document contains:

Preamble.................................................................................................................... 3 Data Required for Handling This Description...........................................................5 List of Documents .....................................................................................................5 Printing House Conventions .....................................................................................5 Definitions and Abbreviations ...................................................................................6

Definitions ................................................................................................. 6 Abbreviations ............................................................................................ 9

Chapter 1. INS Concept ......................................................................................... 11 General....................................................................................................................13 INS Added Value in Comparison with Stand-Alone Equipment............................14 Concept of INS........................................................................................................15

Transas INS Category and Compliance with SOLAS............................. 15 Tasks Accomplished by INS ................................................................... 15 INS Structure........................................................................................... 15 Multifunctional Display ............................................................................ 17

Chapter 2. Operating Principles ........................................................................... 19 Physical Layout of INS Equipment.........................................................................21 Transas INS Start-Stop and Default Settings ........................................................22

Start System............................................................................................ 22 Stop System............................................................................................ 22

Transas Integrator...................................................................................................23 Four Main INS Tasks ..............................................................................................25

Purpose of Main Tasks Accomplished by the INS.................................. 25 Display of Navigational (Essential) Information ...................................... 26

Transas INS User Interface ....................................................................................28 User Interface Structure for Different Tasks ........................................... 28 User Interface Components .................................................................... 29 Abbreviations Used in the User Interface ............................................... 32 Use of Uniform Measurement Units........................................................ 33

Tasks Control Panels..............................................................................................34 ECDIS ..................................................................................................... 34 RADAR.................................................................................................... 38 CONNING ............................................................................................... 41 AMS ........................................................................................................ 46

WS Controls and Their Functions ..........................................................................48 Modes of Operation of the Tasks ...........................................................................50

ECDIS Master and Slave ........................................................................ 50 Radar Master and Slave ......................................................................... 51 Switching Bands on WS.......................................................................... 51

Integration................................................................................................................53 Essential information............................................................................... 53 Consistent Common Reference System................................................. 55 Integration of Tasks on the Bridge.......................................................... 56 Integration within One WS ...................................................................... 60 RADAR/ECDIS Interaction on One WS.................................................. 60

Reversionary Mode.................................................................................................61 Automatic Source Selection with Actuation of Fallback Functionality .... 61


Compensations for Navigational Data....................................................................63 Position Offset ......................................................................................... 63 Magnetic Compass.................................................................................. 63 Gyro......................................................................................................... 64 Draft......................................................................................................... 64 Radar Distance Measurement Errors...................................................... 65

Chapter 3. Alarm Management ............................................................................. 67 Display of Alarms and Warnings ............................................................................69 Alarm Acknowledgement ........................................................................................72 Description of AMS Task ........................................................................................74

AMS Screen ............................................................................................ 74 Alarms Panel ........................................................................................... 75 Warnings Panel ....................................................................................... 75 Alarms History Panel............................................................................... 76 Warnings History Panel........................................................................... 76

Guidance for Adjustments of the Limits for Alarms and Warnings Indications .....77 Chapter 4. Quick Guidance on Transas INS Tasks............................................. 79

Handling of Chart Collection ...................................................................................81 Updating Licenses................................................................................... 81 Updating Charts....................................................................................... 82

To Acquire Targets..................................................................................................85 To Manually Acquire Targets for Tracking .............................................. 85 To Manually Cancel Tracked Targets ..................................................... 86 To Cancel All Tracked Targets in PPI Area ............................................ 88 Setting of Safety Parameters in Target Tracking (CPA/TCPA)............... 88 To Handle Ring Shaped Guard Zones.................................................... 89

Handling of Routes..................................................................................................93 Graphic Method of Route Creating.......................................................... 93 Loading Route ......................................................................................... 96 Setting of Safety Parameters in the Sailing Along the Route.................. 97

Selecting Sensors in Navigation Panel ..................................................................98 Setting Position Sources ......................................................................... 98 Setting Heading Source ........................................................................104 Setting Speed Sources..........................................................................104 Setting Depth Source ............................................................................105

Annex A..................................................................................................................107 Annex B..................................................................................................................117

Copyright Transas Ltd., 2007

PREAMBLE

Data Required for Handling This Description

Preamble 5

DATA REQUIRED FOR HANDLING THIS DESCRIPTION

The aim of this book is to give the user some idea of the operating principles and algorithms of Transas INS.

LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Transas INS (v. 1.11.002). Functional Description.

Transas INS (v. 1.11.002). Installation Guide.

Transas INS (v. 1.11.002). Utilities.

Transas INS (v. 1.11.002). ECDIS.

Transas INS (v. 1.11.002). Radar.

PRINTING HOUSE CONVENTIONS

Sample of notation Usage comments

TRANSAS INS (V. 1.11.002). UTILITIES

To highlight names of documents

WS Controls and Their Functions To highlight sections of a document

Autoload To highlight, in a printed document, user interface elements and the INS system objects

*.lst To highlight messages, commands, files and other Windows OS information

<ALARM> To highlight names of keyboard keys

“Next” To highlight names of windows, pages, buttons, etc.

TASKS LIST To highlight menu items

Definitions and Abbreviations


DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Definitions For the purpose of this standard the following definitions, apply: (MSC 86(70) Annex 3, 3). Other definitions not included in the IMO Resolution (MSC 86(70) Annex 3, 3) have been added:

• Added Value – the functionality and information, that are provided by the INS, in addition to the requirements of the performance standard for the individual equipment;

• Accuracy – the degree of conformance between the estimated or measured parameter value at a given time and its true parameter value at that time;

• Alarm – an audio and visual signal announcing a condition requiring immediate attention or user action;

• Announcement – a visual or audible signal issued to the user by the system;

• Alarm Management – the functions provided by an INS for harmonising, processing, monitoring and distributing audible and visual announcements and their acknowledgement, silencing and cancelling operations; the alarm management function administers different levels of announcements: alarms, warnings and indications;

• Conning Position – position on the navigation bridge providing the applicable visibility according to SOLAS Ch. V, Reg. 22;

• Consistent Common Reference System (CCRS) – a sub-system or function of an INS for acquisition, processing, storage and distribution of data and information providing identical and obligatory reference to sub-systems within an INS. (MSC 86(70) Annex 3, 3.2); the CCRS is the means to ensure that all parts of the INS use the same source and values for a specific type of system data and essential information, e.g. ownship position, speed through water, heading, time, etc.;

• Detected Hazards – objects identified, e.g. by means of radar, RP, or AIS reported targets, that may endanger safe navigation;

• Entry Field – an entry field is a location on a display for the input of data by the operator; the requested information is usually alphanumeric;

• Essential Information – information required for the relevant functions of the specific INS; this includes as a minimum position, speed, heading and time;

• Expected Precision – the deviation between the measured value and the true value that is normally not exceeded by a typical system;

• Functionality – ability to perform an intended function; the activity of performing a function normally employs a system of displays, controls and instrumentation;

• Hazards – objects, potentially leading to grounding or collision, that may be detected by a sensor, reported by communication devices, retrieved from a database or manually input and which are available to the INS;

• Indication – a visual display of any message to gain the attention of the user;

• Inspection – a visual check of the equipment or documentation;

• Integrated Navigation System – a combination of systems or functions of navigational aids that are interconnected to increase safe and efficient navigation when used by suitably qualified personnel. (MSC 86(70) Annex 3, 3.3);


Preamble 7

• Known Hazards – objects which may endanger safe navigation originating from navigational charts, nautical publications and other data sources e.g. AIS reported fixed hazards and Navtex;

• Latency – time interval between an event and its result, including time for reception, processing, transmission and display;

• Leg – the geographically defined line connecting two waypoints;

• Manufacturer – the manufacturer is the organisation responsible for the production of all or some of the parts of the INS, including the responsibility that these parts meet their individual international standards; a manufacturer may also be the system integrator;

• Marking – a visual or logical indication of the status of displayed or transferred information;

• Mode – the setting of a group of parameters determining the behaviour (operational modes) or the Human Machine Interface (HMI) (display modes) or the control functions (control modes) of the equipment or its sensors;

• Mode Awareness – the perception of the mariner regarding the currently active Modes of Control, Operation and Display of the INS including its subsystems, as supported by the presentations and indications at an INS display or workstation;

• Multifunction Display – a single visual display unit that can present, either simultaneously or through a series of selectable pages, information from more than one operation of a system (MSC 86(70) Annex 3, 3.5);

• Navigation – navigation is the process of planning and executing the safe and expeditious voyage of a ship, and of monitoring and recording its performance;

• Navigational Aid – a ship-borne device that complies with its relevant International Standard(s), e.g. instrument or chart, intended to assist in the navigation of a ship;

• Part – an individual INS subsystem, equipment or functional module;

• Passage – the process of navigating a ship through a certain area within a certain period of time and under certain environmental and legal circumstances;

• Performance Check – a functional check to show that the system or component is still operational without investigating all details of its functionality;

• Plausibility – the quality of being believable or trustworthy;

• Primary Navigation Data/Information – data of own ship’s position, speed, heading, time and, in case of INS (B) and if available depth, provided by selected sensors, to be used in the system for processing the navigational information;

• Route – representation of a voyage or passage geographically defined by a point of departure, a point of arrival and usually by intermediate waypoints; it may include time of departure and/or ship’s speed as well as parameters and limits for safe navigation such as off-track limit, turn radius, time references etc. and as defined in IMO Resolution A.893(21);

• Selected Route or Track – the route or track which has been chosen for monitoring the performance of the navigation; the term “track” is typically used here by systems that have automatic track control capability;

• Sensor – a navigational aid, with or without its own display and control as appropriate, automatically providing information to the INS. (MSC 86(70) Annex 3, 3.6);



• Situation Awareness – the perception of the mariner regarding the prevailing nautical situation and the currently active or available system resources, as supported by the presentations and indications at an INS display or workstation; situation Awareness includes Mode Awareness;

• System Data (SD) – data that is used by the system for the processing and display of essential information. System data of the same type is from the same source. System data, at least for primary navigation information, has been checked for integrity;

• System Integrator – the organisation responsible for ensuring that the INS complies with the requirements of this standard;

• Track – geographical representation of the movement actually performed by the ship, or, in case of a track control system, the path (over ground) to be (automatically) followed;

• Validity – the conformity of information with formal and logical criteria, or the marking of data as being good or no good (valid or invalid) for the intended use;

• Voyage – the process of sailing a ship from one location to another;

• Warning – a signal announcing a condition requiring non-immediate attention for precautionary reasons;

• Waypoint – a geographically defined position used as reference for navigation along a leg, track or route;

• Workstation for INS or INS workstation – workstation at which display or operator control functions are provided to meet the requirements of this Standard. An INS workstation need not be a physical part of the INS; it may just be the location where the necessary displays and controls are situated.


Preamble 9

Abbreviations • AIS – Automatic Identification System;

• AMS – Alarm Monitoring System;

• ARPA – Automatic Radar Plotting Aid;

• CCRP – Consistent Common Reference Point;

• COG – Course over Ground;

• DR – Dead Reckoning;

• ECDIS – Electronic Chart Display and Information System;

• EPA – Electronic Plotting Aid;

• EPFS – Electronic Position Fixing System;

• GC – Great Circle;

• GNSS – Global Navigation Satellite System;

• HCS – Heading Control System;

• HMI – Human Machine Interface;

• IBS – Integrated Bridge System;

• IMO – International Maritime Organisation;

• IEC – International Electrotechnical Commission;

• INS – Integrated Navigation System;

• ISO – International Organisation for Standardisation;

• MSC – Marine Safety Committee;

• OOW – Officer in Charge of the Navigational Watch (Officer of the Watch);

• PPI – Plan Position Indicator;

• RAIM – Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring;

• RL – Rhumb Line;

• ROT – Rate of Turn;

• RP – Radar Plotting as Implemented in ARPA, ATA or EPA;

• SOG – Speed over the Ground;

• SOLAS – Safety of Life at Sea;

• TCS – Track Control System;

• VDR – Voyage Data Recorder;

• WS – Work Station;

• XTD – Cross Track Distance.


CHAPTER 1 INS Concept

General

Chapter 1. INS Concept 13

GENERAL

The purpose of an integrated navigation system (INS) is to provide “added value” to the functions and information needed by the officer in charge of the navigational watch (OOW) to plan, monitor or control the progress of the ship. The achievement of the following high-level requirements was the leading force for Transas INS product introduction and those are seen as “added value” of the INS:

• to create a navigator-friendly environment by providing flexible setup of tasks depending on particular bridge scenario;

• to ensure efficient decision support functionality by providing composite displays according to IEC62288 in addition to regular equipment conventional displays required by carriage requirements and individual equipment Performance Standards;

• to minimise the time required to perform navigation related routines by providing enhanced level of functional integration of navigational data, databases, and ship’s particulars as well as by providing optimal and unambiguous human machine interface (HMI); less time system requires from the operator to run – the better;

• to ensure intelligent and efficient alarm management to support safe level of situation awareness for the navigator and at the same time to reduce workload and stress resulted from non-synchronized alarm generation from individual equipment as much as possible;

• to ensure navigational data integrity checks as required by IEC61924;

• to ensure proper data management for sensor and static data which is in use in navigation equipment;

• to ensure additional level of redundancy for functions required by IMO carriage requirements and additional Class rules by providing multifunctional workstations with flexible setup as well as enhanced interconnection capability;

• to ensure compliance of the integrated system with IMO carriage requirements and additional Class requirements as applicable.

INS Added Value in Comparison with Stand-Alone Equipment


INS ADDED VALUE IN COMPARISON WITH STAND-ALONE EQUIPMENT

The INS provides the following added value:

• sensor dataflow redundancy chain: – double network functionality;

– Input/Output data via Com ports using Data Multiplicator or Multi Port cards.

• processing of all Primary data (position, speed, heading, depth, time) via Common Consistent Reference System (CCRS);

• provides INS with system data after CCRS;

• integrated Alarm Monitoring System (AMS);

• synchronisation of databases on: charts, chart objects correction, manual correction, Navtex database and routes;

• advanced Fallback functionality in case of workstation/task failure;

• advanced Fallback functionality in case of navigational sensor failure; support of essential information availability through the use of appropriate fallback arrangements;

• distribution of radar pictures from all available radars within INS;

• hand over/take over of radar master rights (on workstations where RADAR task is installed by means of SW interswitch);

• flexible configuration depending on the scenario (navigation or docking).

Concept of INS


CONCEPT OF INS

Transas INS Category and Compliance with SOLAS Transas INS includes and supports the following functions:

• ECDIS;

• Back Up ECDIS (in case of two or more stations);

• Radar/ARPA X band (option);

• Radar/ARPA S band (option, configurable to X band, in case of two or more stations);

• Alarm Monitoring System;

• Display of NavTex messages (option);

• Conning display (option);

• SPOS Weather Module (option).

Tasks Accomplished by INS Transas Integrated Navigation System supports operation with up to 5 navigational stations in the network. 6 tasks can be operated in the navigational station as shown in the block diagram “INS. Structure” (see below): ECDIS, Radar, Conning, Alarm Monitoring System, Chart Assistant, Play Back.

The active task is displayed on the monitor and can be promptly switched to another, except for the “Playback”, “Update License” or “System Configuration” applications. Software of all the navigational systems and the data (electronic charts) are protected from unauthorised external access with a special instrument (Transas Integrator).

Conning Display function is a performed by the Transas Navi-Conning 4000 application and a set of analog to digital WAGO converters.

Alarm Monitoring System is provided by the dedicated program, which tracks alarms from all the tasks on all the workstation, INS on the whole and external alarm sources.

NavTex display function is performed by ECDIS application and any approved GMDSS NavTex with NMEA output, compatible with IEC 61097-6 (Ed. 2, 2005-12) standard.

INS Structure Transas INS design is based on 3 levels of components or systems connected:

• sensors;

• connectivity, processing and Human-Machine Interface;

• control systems.

INS is a hard- and software system consisting of (up to) 5 workstations and two radar scanners (see below diagram “INS. Structure”).

Besides, connected to each workstation is the minimum number of sensors enabling this station’s operation in the stand-alone mode (see below diagram “INS. Backup Structure”).

Sensors and control systems are not normally part of INS but are only connected equipment with none or minimal modification in order to ensure proper integration.

Fig. 1. Transas INS Structure

For redundancy it is recommended to connect sensors from GPS, Gyro, Log to all Workstations via NMEA Distributor

Concept of INS


Multifunctional Display Each workstation included in the INS supports multi-task capability.

Typical complete INS configuration:

No Workstation Main task Additional Tasks

1 WS 1 RADAR Master X-band radar Alarm Monitoring System Configuration display Chart Assistant

2 WS 2 Conning/Alarm panel Multifunctional workstation

Slave Radar X&S band Backup ECDIS Conning Alarm Monitoring System Configuration display Chart Assistant

3 WS 3 RADAR Master S-band Multifunctional workstation

Backup ECDIS Conning Alarm Monitoring System Configuration display Chart Assistant

4 WS 4 ECDIS – Master Multifunctional workstation

Slave Radar X&S band Conning Alarm Monitoring System Configuration display Chart Assistant

5 WS 5 Route Planning Station Multifunctional workstation

Slave Radar X&S band Backup ECDIS Conning Alarm Monitoring System Chart Assistant Configuration display SPOS Weather Module


CHAPTER 2 Operating Principles

Physical Layout of INS Equipment

Chapter 2. Operating Principles 21

PHYSICAL LAYOUT OF INS EQUIPMENT

The INS is designed and implemented so that the OOW easily operates basic functions. The physical layout is provided below:

The following tasks can be installed on the workstations (Network configuration):

Workstation Main task Additional Tasks Monitor size

WS 1 Master Station for X-band radar Chart Assistant Alarm Monitoring System

19 or 23 inches

WS 2 Conning/Multifunctional workstation

Slave Radar X&S band Backup ECDIS Conning Chart Assistant Alarm Monitoring System

19 inches

WS 3 Master Station for S-band radar/ Multifunctional workstation

Backup ECDIS Conning Chart Assistant Alarm Monitoring System

19 or 23 inches

WS 4 ECDIS – Master/ Multifunctional workstation

Slave Radar X&S band Conning Alarm Monitoring System Chart Assistant

19 inches

WS 5 Route Planning Station/ Multifunctional workstation

Slave Radar X&S band Backup ECDIS Conning Chart Assistant Alarm Monitoring System SPOS Weather Module

19 inches

Transas INS Start-Stop and Default Settings


TRANSAS INS START-STOP AND DEFAULT SETTINGS

Start System WS is started by pressing “On/Off” button on its console.

After that the WS screen will display the “Transas Integrator” window. It is advisable to run the following applications at the workstations:

Workstation INS Task

WS1 RADAR X-band MASTER

WS2 CONNING

WS3 RADAR S-band MASTER

WS4 ECDIS MASTER

WS5 ECDIS SLAVE

After the start, the default task should be run at each WS. If during the operation MASTER rights were given over to other WSs, upon the re-start, default configuration will be set. Then, on all the WSs any task (see paragraph Multifunctional Display) can be run at the operator option.

Stop System To turn off the WS by standard procedure, press red button of Transas Integrator (see the following item) in the left bottom corner of the screen. The operator is then required to confirm his/her decision to turn the WS off:

After the confirmation, the keyboard is locked, and the system closes all the operating programs and services in a standard manner:

The WS is then turned off with “On/Off” button on the console.

Transas Integrator


TRANSAS INTEGRATOR

Transas Integrator software facility is intended for:

• protecting access to Windows XP resources;

• running manually the tasks included in the Transas INS.

To call Transas Integrator window click the task buttons on ES3 keyboard (<A>, <B> or <Ctrl>+<Alt>+<I>). The menu allows tasks to be run. Some tasks required input of a password and area accessible for the system engineer only. The main tasks are marked off with a brighter background. Transas Integrator allows running the following tasks:

• Turning the WS off (see the previous item);

• Restart the WS;

• Task Manager (accessible to the system engineer only); the task allows use of standard Windows XP applications;

• ECDIS;

• RADAR;

• CONNING;

• AMS;

• Playback; the task allows reproducing information archived by the ECDIS task;

• System Configuration (accessible to the system engineer only); the task is intended for the connection of external devices, Transas INS configuring and setup;

Transas Integrator


• Chart Assistant; the task enables electronic chart handling;

• First Aid; the task is intended for the Transas INS troubleshooting;

• Data Tool; the task is intended for handling files used for the Transas INS operation;

• Datum Converter; the task is intended for converting geographic coordinates to WGS 84 datum;

• Colour Diagrams; the task is intended for calibrating the monitor’s main colour palette;

• Navi-Conning Setup; the task is intended for CONNING task settings;

• Navi-Conning Restore; the task is intended for restore default CONNING task configuration;

• USB Eject;

• SPOS; the task allows receive a weather forecasts, process it and used them in the INS;

• Licence Update; this wizard is intended for updating the product license.

For more detailed description of the task, see TRANSAS INS (V. 1.11.002). UTILITIES document.

Four Main INS Tasks


FOUR MAIN INS TASKS

Purpose of Main Tasks Accomplished by the INS Each workstation included in the Transas INS can perform four main tasks:

• ECDIS;

• RADAR;

• CONNING;

• AMS.

The main purpose of the ECDIS task is to:

• display on the electronic charts;

• display the ship position on the electronic chart;

• monitoring of approach to the dangers to navigation plotted on electronic vector charts or on user chart created by navigator;

• route planning and drawing up the schedule of proceeding along this route;

• solution of various kinds of navigational tasks (Navtex database, Tide & Currents database, SAR routes).

The main purpose of the RADAR task is to monitor surroundings on the PPI by using the radar signals, acquisition and tracking ARPA targets. The PPI can also display information on targets received from AIS and electronic charts under the ship position.

The main purpose of the CONNING task is to display the information required for navigation and manoeuvring.

The main purpose of the AMS task is to accumulate and display alarms (warnings) in the INS on the whole. This task also shows which WS or task has generated the alarm (warning) and the alarms (warnings) generation history.

After the start, each WS runs its own default task (see paragraph INS Start-Stop and Default Settings), but as the WS supports multi-task capability, the user can select any task (see paragraph Multifunctional Display). Tasks can be equally well switched and started from ES3 keyboard (only ECDIS, RADAR and CONNING), Transas Integrator utility and from any running task (see paragraph WS Controls and Their Functions). All the tasks use identical task-switching user interface implemented as buttons with task names.

ECDIS Radar

Conning AMS

Four Main INS Tasks


Display of Navigational (Essential) Information

General The main navigational information implies the following data:

• Time;

• Position;

• COG;

• SOG;

• Heading;

• Speed (STW).

This data is supplied to the Transas INS by the relevant sensors and is displayed in the three main tasks. Provided below is a table which shows layout of navigational information in all the three main Transas INS tasks.

ECDIS Radar Conning

In the top part of the control panel

On panels to the left of PPI In the top part of the control panel

If the data was not supplied, or has not passed appropriate checks, it is displayed in accordance with the algorithms described below. The following possible cases can be singled out:

• data from sensor is not available or the checksum is incorrect;

• data has not passed validity, plausibility checks.

Four Main INS Tasks


No Input, No Data or Corrupted Checksum Situation Described below, as an example, is the system behaviour in the absence of data on the own ship position:

• No information is supplied by the sensor, or the sentences have an incorrect checksum (if the sentences have an incorrect checksum, they are not processed, i.e. they are considered to be absent).

Time Chart display System data/GUI display Alarm

T<10 sec

Ship symbol and vectors in ordinary colour

None

T≥10 sec

The ship symbol freezes in the last calculated data. No motion vector is displayed. The ship symbol turns red and flickers

The sensor name is shown in red, data is shows as red coloured “*” symbols:

SENS Prim sensor: no Input

• Some information is supplied from the sensor, but no data required for the indicator in question is received (e.g. the necessary fields in a sentence are empty).


T<10 sec


None

T≥10 sec

The ship symbol freezes in the last calculated data. No motion vector is displayed. The ship symbol turns red and flickers

The sensor name is shown in red, data is shown as red coloured “*” symbols:

SENS Prim posn: no data

With other sensors, the system behaves in much the same way except for the display on the chart panel. This also refers to the sensors, which transmit non-essential data, too:

• water temperature;

• wind direction and speed.

Data Has Not Passed Validity or Plausibility Check Described below, as an example, is the system behaviour for the own ship position data:

• If validity check is not passed:


T<10 sec


No

T≥10 sec

The ship symbol turns red Data is shown as red coloured symbols:

SENS Prim posn invalid

• If plausibility check is not passed:


T<10 sec


No

T≥10 sec

The ship symbol turns red Data is shown as red coloured “*” symbols:

SENS Prim posn invalid

With other sensors, the system behaves in much the same way except for the display on the chart panel.

Transas INS User Interface


TRANSAS INS USER INTERFACE

User Interface Structure for Different Tasks The use interface for all the tasks has the same structure, which allows easy navigation in selecting necessary information and performing operations within the tasks. Shown schematically below are user interfaces of the four main tasks:

• In the ECDIS task, to enable the display of electronic charts and associated information, “Main” and “Dual” panels are used. The essential and other data and control tools are arranged on the Control Panel. The rest of information and functionality for the control of the ECDIS environment is contained on functional panels. The panel layout can be presented diagrammatically as shown below:

For the detailed description of all the ECDIS task panels, see TRANSAS INS (V. 1.11.002). ECDIS.

• The RADAR task screen consists of the Display Panel and Control Panel. The Display Panel contains PPI and panels with essential and other information. The data and control tools are arranged on the Control Panel. Diagrammatically, the layout of panels can be shown as follows:

For the detailed description of all the RADAR task panels, see TRANSAS INS (V. 1.11.002). RADAR.

• The CONNING task provides “NavData” Screen View, which represents a set of indicators displaying the input parameters on the WS monitor screen. Depending on the ambient light, the CONNING task offers the selection of screen palettes (Day/Dusk):

For the detailed description of all the CONNING task panels, see section CONNING.



• The AMS task screen consists of the Main Information Area and Control Panel. Diagrammatically, the layout of panels can be shown as follows:

For the detailed description of all the AMS task panels, see chapter Alarm Management in Description of AMS Task section.

User Interface Components

Panels There is direct access to panels from each task. For the both tasks, this is primarily the Control Panel, which shows operational information and contains the most important task controls.

In ECDIS task, apart from the Control Panel there are 12 functional panels, each designed for its special purpose within the ECDIS task:

Panels (except the Control Panel) are switched with tabs in the bottom part of the screen.

RADAR task, in addition to the Control Panel, has 4 panels with operational information around the PPI border:

In AMS task presents 4 panels in addition to the Control Panel. These panels are used for the indication of the Transas INS alarms, warnings and their history:

Panels (except the Control Panel) are switched with tabs in the bottom part of the screen.



Pages If functionality, which the panel is intended for, is rather extensive, for the convenience sake it is divided into pages. The purpose of pages corresponds to the individual tasks within the panel functionality. Panels are divided into pages in the ECDIS task only. They are switched by using tabs in the top part of the panel, which they belong to. Shown below is “Navigation” panel with pages intended for selection of essential information sensors: “Ship Position”, “Heading”, “Speed” and “Echosounder”:

Control Panel Windows The Control Panel consists of windows. Each window serves for the display of some operational information, or contains the most frequently used task controls.

Graphically, windows are divided with special lines. The sample below shows some Control Panel windows of the main tasks.

ECDIS Radar

Conning AMS

ECDIS and RADAR Control Panels have “Multi Panel” window, which allows setting different panels serving for accomplishment of operational tasks. Panels are selected from the pull-down list opened by pressing the button with the name of the currently set panel.

ECDIS Radar

For the detailed description of each panel, see documents TRANSAS INS (V. 1.11.002). ECDIS and TRANSAS INS (V. 1.11.002). RADAR.



List Box Menu The list box menus serve for selecting the necessary name or value from the list. The list box menus have a form with a button with an arrow. A press on the button opens up a menu which the selection is made from. The selected name or value is shown on the button after the menu is closed:

Text Boxes Text boxes are used for entering values or names:

Input of names is made from ES3 keyboard. Values can be entered from the keyboard or by using the trackball. The trackball motion in the vertical direction produces fast change of a value in the text box, whereas the horizontal motion results in much slower change. In some text boxes, all you have to do after the input of the necessary value is press the left trackball button for the program to accept the entered value. In other text boxes, to exit from the input mode it will be necessary to press the right trackball button and confirm the entered value:

Buttons Buttons are designed for activating some functions. If a button is greyed, the operation of the corresponding function is not available in the mode in question. Buttons may be of the following types:

Button pressed Button released Button greyed

Push-to-lock buttons

Buttons without locking

If to be turned on, certain functionality needs input of a parameter value, which will be monitored, the button will be greyed until this parameter is value is entered.

Parameter value is not entered Parameter value is entered, the function us not switched on

Function is switched on



Radio Buttons These buttons serve for selecting one function only from the offered set:

Indicators Indicators show a level for the value set by using the buttons placed next to them:

Progress Bars The progress bars show the degree to which the program has completed the operation run by the user:

Abbreviations Used in the User Interface All the Transas INS tasks use the same abbreviations:

Abbreviation Full Name Abbreviation Full Name

AIS Automatic Identification System

HDG Heading

ARPA Automatic Radar Plotting Aid

LOG (DLOG) Log (Doppler Log)

BRG Bearing N Up North Up

BTW Bearing to Way Point POSN Position

C Up Course Up PS Positioning System

COG Course Over Ground PTA Planning Time of Arrival

CPA Closest Point of Approach

RAD Radius

CSE Course Over the Water RM Relative Motion

DR Dead Reckoning RNG Range

DTW Distance to Way Point ROT Rate Of Turn

DTWOL Distance to Wheel over Line

SOG Speed Over Ground

ENC Electronic Navigational Chart

STG Speed To Go

ETA Estimated Time of Arrival

STW Speed Through the Water



Abbreviation Full Name Abbreviation Full Name

EBL Electronic Bearing Line TCPA Time to Closest Point of Approach

ER Echo Reference TM True Motion

ECHO Echosounder TTG Time To Go

GPS (DGPS) Global Positioning System (Differential Global Positioning System)

VRM Variable Range Marker

GYRO Gyrocompass WP Way Point

GZ Guard Zone XTD Cross Track Distance

H Up Head Up

Use of Uniform Measurement Units The Transas INS uses a common system for measuring all the values in all the tasks. Measurement units are set by default and cannot be changed by the operator. The following units and their shortened names are used:

Physical Value Measurement Units Abbreviation

Distance Nautical miles nm

Direction Degrees °

Speed Knots kn

Depth/Height Meters m

Draught Meters m

Wind speed Meters per second m/s

Temperature Degrees °

The Transas INS uses geographic coordinates calculated on the basis of WGS 84 datum only.

Tasks Control Panels


TASKS CONTROL PANELS

ECDIS

For detailed description of all the ECDIS task elements, see TRANSAS INS (V. 1.11.002). ECDIS.

The ECDIS Control Panel consists of a number of windows. Windows are displayed in the right-hand part of the ECDIS screen. In addition, all the displayed windows can be moved (by dragging them with the cursor or by double clicking the left trackball/mouse button in the window area) onto the chart panel. To return the window to its place, press button. If the Control Panel does not contain any windows, the area is filled with chart information.

Applications Window

“Applications” window is intended for loading/switching Transas INS applications:

• ECDIS – to turn on/switch to the ECDIS task;

• Radar – to turn on/switch to the RADAR task;

• Conning – to turn on/switch to the CONNING task;

• AMS – to turn on/switch to the AMS task.

Sensors and Network Window

“Sensors and Network” window is intended for the display of information from different sources. The window contains the following controls:

• TX-1 – to select a scanner which the radar picture is supplied by;

• Overlay – to turn on display of radar overlay information on electronic chart in ECDIS;

• ARPA – to turn on display of information on targets processed by the ARPA;

• AIS – to turn on display of AIS targets;

• MASTER – to display the station status in the network, and in the case of “Master” status, also the transfer of rights to other stations in the network.

Alarms Window

“Alarms” window is intended for displaying the alarms and their status. The window contains the following units:

• SENS – alarm source;

• LOG: no input – alarm name.

For more detailed description of the alarms display, see chapter Alarm Management.

ATTENTION!



Warnings Window

“Warnings” window is intended for displaying the warnings and their status. The window contains the following units:

• CHART – warning source;

• Look up better chart – warning name.


Time Window

“Time” window is intended for the display of the current time. There may be two types of time values in the window: UTC and ship time. To switch between them, press the button with a picture of the clock face (ship time if the button is pressed, UTC if it is released):

The window contains the following elements:

• UTC/Ship – information on which time is currently displayed;

• 00:00 W/E – time zone or the difference between the ship time and UTC (not displayed if UTC is selected); the format is hh:mm;

• 01-01-01 – display of the current date according to the selected time type; the format is dd-mm-yy;

• 00:00:00 – display of the current time; the format is hh:mm:ss.

Primary Window

“Primary” window is intended for the display of the primary positioning system and coordinates obtained from it. For the principles of displaying primary positioning data see paragraph Display of Navigational (Essential) Information:

The position source is specified in the left bottom part of the window. As a free cursor is positioned on the position source name, the source alias entered in the System Configuration utility is displayed on the pop-up prompt window:

In case of GPS work in differential mode, the prefix “D” is added before its name:

If there is an offset to the ship position coordinates, the window displays corrected coordinates and a special symbol: the red triangle. As a free cursor is positioned on this triangle, the correction value is displayed on the pop-up prompt window.



Secondary Window

“Secondary” window is intended for the display of the secondary positioning system, and of the bearing and range to the position obtained for the Primary positioning system. For the principles of displaying secondary positioning system data see paragraph Display of Navigational (Essential) Information:

The position source is specified in the right part of the window. As a free cursor is positioned on the position source name, the source alias entered in the System Configuration utility is displayed on the pop-up prompt window:

In case of GPS work in differential mode, the prefix “D” is added before its name:

If there is an offset to the ship position coordinates, the window displays corrected coordinates and a special symbol: the red triangle. As a free cursor is positioned on this triangle, the correction value is displayed on the pop-up prompt window.

COG\SOG\HDG\STW Window “COG\SOG\HDG\STW” window is designed for the display of ship motion parameters. The panel displays the following parameters:

• HDG – course from gyrocompass;

• STW – ship speed through the water.

Note: Only longitudinal part if DLOG selected.

• COG – ship course over the ground;

• SOG – ship speed over the ground.

Note: Calculated part (longitudinal and transversal) if DLOG selected.

The data source is specified to the right of the own ship motion parameter name:

• GYRO1 – gyrocompass with a digital input, its number specified;

• GPS1 – GPS (DGPS), its number specified;

• ER – echo reference mode;

• DR – dead reckoning mode;

• MAN – manual input;

• LOG1 – log (Speed Through Water) with a digital output, its number specified;

• DLOG1 – Doppler log, its number specified;

• NONE – no source available.



As a free cursor is positioned on the source name, the source alias entered in the System Configuration utility is displayed on the pop-up prompt window:

For the data display principles see paragraph Display of Navigational (Essential) Information.

Charts Area Window

“Charts Area” window is designed for the adjustment of the chart display on the chart panel:

• Chart number – to call a menu with a list of charts under the ship position (if the ship symbol is displayed on the chart) or the list of all the charts available in the ship folio; shown on the button is the current chart number;

• 1:75,000 – to call a menu listing fixed scale values; the button shows the current screen scale;

• Autoload – to turn on the function for the automatic loading of charts. there is an indicator to the right of the button: – ON – the function is turned on (Autoload button is greyed);

– OFF – the function is turned off;

– FIX – to fix the current chart.

• Man. Corr. – to turn on the display of the updating layer; the display is “ON” if the button is pressed, “OFF” if released; if the button is greyed, there are no updating objects on the chart.

Display Panel Window

“Display Panel” window is intended for the display of various data types. The window consists of eleven displays, which are selected from the list opened by pressing the button with the name of one of displays in the top part of the window.

Button to the right of “Display Panel” window is intended for displaying additional “Display Panel” window on the ECDIS task chart panel. The system enables simultaneous independent operation with information displays selected in both windows.

For more detailed description see document TRANSAS INS (V. 1.11.002). ECDIS.



Operational Panel Window

The window contains the following functional buttons:

• Tasks List – to display a list of functional panels; functional panels are displayed when the appropriate menu lines are selected;

• Event – to make a manual entry of data in the electronic ship logbook for the current moment, and to place a special mark on the ownship track;

• Vectors – to call a menu for setting the lengths of the own ship and target motion vectors; Fixed option allows a constant vector length to be set (in proportion to the screen size), the rest – by the set time value (in minutes, 1–24 min).

Lower Data Group

Lower Data group includes:

• Depth in meters – information on the depth measurement units used in the ECDIS task;

• WGS-84 – to warn that the ECDIS uses charts based on WGS-84 datum;

• Show – to turn on/off the constant display of the Control Panel.

RADAR

For detailed description of all the RADAR task elements see TRANSAS INS (V. 1.11.002). RADAR.

The RADAR Control Panel consists of a number of windows. Windows are displayed in the right-hand part of the RADAR screen and cannot be moved by the user to another place on the screen.

Applications Window

“Applications” window is intended for loading/switching INS applications:





Sensors Window

“Sensors” window is intended for the on-PPI display of information from different sources used in the RADAR task. The window contains the following units:

• TX-1 – to select a scanner which the radar picture is supplied by;

• CHART – to turn on display of information from electronic chart;

• ARPA – to turn on display of information on targets processed by the ARPA;

• AIS – to turn on display of AIS targets.

ATTENTION!



Alarms Window





Warnings Window


• RADAR – warning source;

• Chart inaccessible – warning name.


Vectors Window

“Vectors” window is intended for turning on the display of targets’ motion vectors. The window contains the following items:

• T VECT – to turn on the display of own ship and targets’ true motion vectors;

• R VECT – to turn on the display of targets’ relative motion vectors;

• – to set pre-calculation time for the target motion vectors.

Safety Parameters Window

“Safety Parameters” window is intended for set CPA and TCPA values:

• CPA – to set the minimum CPA distance;

• TCPA – to set the minimum time to the closest point of approach.

Note: An appropriate alarm will be triggered off if both, CPA and TCPA become smaller than the set values at the same time.

Targets Trails Window

“Targets Trails” window is intended for turning on the display of targets’ tracks. The window contains the following items:

• RELATIVE TRAILS – to turn on the display of radar trails (afterglow) True or Relative;

• – to set afterglow time for the display of echo trails.



Target Past Position Window

“Target Past Position” window is intended for turning on on-PPI display of previous target position points. The plot interval of the targets’ past positions is selected from the drop-down list to the right.

Accumulation Window

“Accumulation” window is intended for setting video signal accumulation level (see also document TRANSAS INS (V. 1.11.002). RADAR chapter Operating Principles section Radar Features paragraph Accumulation).

Multi Panel Window

“Multi Panel” window is intended for displaying various kinds of data and the RADAR task control. “Multi Panel” window includes 9 panels, which are selected from the pop-up list by pressing the button (with the name of one of the panels).

For more detailed description see TRANSAS INS (V. 1.11.002). RADAR.

Cursor Position Window

“Cursor Position” window is intended for display cursor position. The window contains the following items:

• T BRG – bearing to the cursor position;

• RNG – distance to the cursor position.



Note: Letter before the notation “BRG” stands for the bearing displayed:

• T – true bearing in the true motion mode and in the relative motion mode with “North” and “Course Up” orientation;

• R – relative bearing in the relative motion more with “Head Up” orientation.

• LAT – cursor position latitude;

• LON – cursor position longitude.

EBL–VRM Window

“EBL-VRM” window is intended for turning on and adjusting two independent electronic measurement tools. The window contains the following units:

• EBL 1(2) – to turn on EBL 1(2) true or relative (shown on the PPI as a solid line);

• VRM 1(2) – to turn on VRM 1(2) (shown on the PPI as a solid circle);

• OFF SET – to turn on the shift of EBL/VRM 1 reference point;

• Fixed – to fix EBL/VRM 1 reference point relative to the ground (operates in the OFFSET mode only).

EBL(VRM) 1 is shown on the PPI as a solid line, EBL(VRM) 2 is shown on the PPI as a dashed line.

CONNING The CONNING Control Panel consists of “Nav.Data” Screen View, consisting of 13 windows.

STW Window

“STW” window is intended for the graphic/digital display speed through the water. If DLOG is selected as speed source (VBW sentence is outputted to the INS), the longitudinal component of the STW will be displayed in the window’s center, as well as bow and stern transverse components of the STW.



SOG Window

“SOG” window is intended for the graphic/digital display speed over ground. If DLOG is selected as speed source (VBW sentence is outputted to the INS) the longitudinal component of the STW will be displayed in the window’s center, as well as bow and stern transverse components of the STW.

Wind Window

“Wind” window is intended for the vector/digital display of the wind speed and direction. Switching between true and relative wind representation is performed by means of the respective buttons. Wind vectors are shown on the CONNING task screen in accordance with its designation on the traditional sea weather charts (see document TRANSAS INS (V. 1.11.002). ECDIS, chapter Operating Principles, section Information Sensors, paragraph Wind Interface).

Drift/Set Window

“Drift/Set” window is intended for the digital display of drift characteristics (direction and speed). The drift characteristics (direction and speed) are determined by Transas INS software as the difference of COG-SOG and HDG-STW vectors (see document TRANSAS INS (V. 1.11.002). ECDIS, chapter Operating Principles, section Calculation Methods, paragraph Drift Calculations in the ECDIS Task).

Heading Window

“Heading” window is intended for the graphic/digital display of the ship heading.

ROT Window

“ROT” window is intended for the graphic/digital display of the ship rate of turn.



Depth Below Keel Window

“Depth Below Keel” window is intended for the graphic/digital display of the depth from the Echosounder. Current depth value is represented in the Depth window. Safety Depth value selected in ECDIS task (Sounder Depth on page “Navigational Alarms” of the “Monitoring” panel) is displayed in Level (ECDIS) window.

Depth alteration along the time scale is represented on the echogram. Safety depth is shown as a red line. Echogram’s depth scale is selected automatically. In this case, the maximum depth from the depth scale is assigned with the maximum depth value obtained by the Echosounder and multiplied by 1.2. As a new maximum value is received, the echogram is re-drawn to take into account a new maximum depth.

Applications, Alarms and Warnings Window

“Applications” window is intended for loading/switching INS applications and for displaying the alarm and warning status. The window contains the following units:




• AMS – to turn on/switch to the AMS task;

• ALARMS – to switch to the “Alarms” page of the AMS task; depending on the availability and status of alarms, the button has the following notations: – Unacknowledged – there is at least one unacknowledged alarm;

– Existing Alarms – all the alarms are acknowledged;

– No new alarms – there are no alarms.

• WARNINGS – to switch to the “Warnings” page of the AMS task. Depending on the availability and status of warnings, the button has the following notations: – Unacknowledged – there is at least one unacknowledged warning;

– Existing Warnings – all the warnings are acknowledged;

– No new warnings – there are no warnings.




Time Window

“Time” window is intended for the display the current time. There may be two types of time values in the window: UTC and ship time. To switch between them, press the button with a picture of the clock face (ship time if the button is pressed, UTC if it is released). The window contains the following elements:




Position Source Window

“Position source” window is intended for the display of the primary positioning system source name and used datum.

Position Window

“Position” window is intended for the display of the coordinates obtained from primary positioning system. For the principles of displaying primary positioning system data see section Four Main INS Tasks, paragraph Display of Navigational (Essential) Information.

COG/SOG/HDG Window

“COG\SOG\HDG\STW” window is designed for the display of ship motion parameters. The panel displays the following parameters:

• HDG – course from gyrocompass;

• COG – ship course over the ground;

• SOG – ship speed over the ground.

Note: Calculated part (longitudinal and transversal) if DLOG selected.



Route Window

“Route” window is intended for displaying graphically the ship position on the current leg of the monitored route, monitoring route name and its parameters. The window contains the following elements:

• WP name – name of the current WP which the ship is proceeding to;

• To WP – number of the current WP which the ship is proceeding to;

• Next WP – number of the next WP;

• Track Course – direction of the monitored route leg which the ship is proceeding by if the leg is of RL type; or the current course in case of the GC leg;

• Distance to WP – distance to the current WP;

• Bearing to WP – bearing to the current WP;

• Time to Go – time to go to the current waypoint calculated with regard to the actual speed (SOG).

Ship’s position on the leg of monitored route is represented in the bottom of a window. XTD is shown on the image with red (port side) and green (starboard) lines.

When displayed on the picture, the ship contour is always aligned with the ship gyro heading. The vector with an arrow is aligned with COG.

With XTD of not more than 3 cb, the ship symbol in the 6 cb wide corridor, and the current route leg segment with 3 nm in perspective are displayed. Alignment is with the current leg of the monitored route:

With DTW value equal to or less than 3 nm, the next WP is shown on the display. It starts moving in the direction of ship symbol with DTW value equal to 0.5 nm. Alignment is with the current leg of the monitored route:



With XTD of more than 3 cb, or of the ship symbol deviates from the current route leg to more than 90 degrees, the ship symbol is shown on the grey coloured field. The orange coloured line on the indicator corresponds to BTW direction. Alignment is with COG.

Arrow indicator shows ship’s direction related to the leg of monitored route.

AMS

For detailed description of all the AMS task elements see paragraph Description of AMS Task.

The AMS Control Panel consists of a number of windows. Windows are displayed in the right-hand part of the AMS screen and cannot be moved by the user to another place on the screen.

Applications Window

“Applications” window is intended for loading/switching INS tasks:





Time Window

“Time” window is intended for the display of the current time. There may be two types of time values in the window: UTC and ship time:

To switch between them, press the button with a picture of the clock face (ship time if the button is pressed, UTC if it is released).

The window contains the following elements:


• 00:00 W/E – time zone or the difference between the ship time and UTC (not displayed if UTC is selected); the format is hh:mm;



ATTENTION!



Alarms Window





Warnings Window


• CHART – warning source;

• Look up better chart – warning name.


Palette Window

“Palette” window is intended for selecting the screen colour palette to suit the outside illumination:

• Daylight;

• Twilight;

• Dusk – night with moon;

• Night – moonless night;

• Dusk inverted – night with moon (Control Panel text inverse colour);

• Night inverted – moonless night (Control Panel text inverse colour).

Exit Window

“Exit” window is intended for exit from AMS task.

WS Controls and Their Functions


WS CONTROLS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

Function ES3 Keyboard ECDIS Radar Conning

Ownship motion modes

N/A

Ownship presen-tation modes

N/A

Zoom In

N/A

Zoom Out

N/A

EBL

N/A

VRM

N/A

Ahead

N/A

Palette

Alarm

A press on the button results in switching to the “Alarms” panel of the AMS task

Event

N/A N/A

Overlay

N/A N/A

Targets

N/A

Standard Display

N/A

WS Controls and Their Functions


Function ES3 Keyboard ECDIS Radar Conning

Show All Layers

N/A

Tasks

MOB

N/A N/A

Gain

N/A

Sea

N/A

Rain

N/A

Exit N/A

Modes of Operation of the Tasks


MODES OF OPERATION OF THE TASKS

ECDIS Master and Slave ECDIS tasks on different workstations in the INS have different task control privileges. Within the INS there is always one station only, which has a full control of the ECDIS task. This station has MASTER status. ECDIS task control capabilities from other stations are limited. These stations have SLAVE status.

Functions available from the station with MASTER status only:

• selection of essential data sources (Position, HDG, STW, COG/SOG, Depth); • setting position offset, gyro error, magnetic variation, ships’ draft; • setting time zone and its change time; • setting navigation alarm parameters, and turning these alarms on:

– Navigation danger (alarm and parameter);

– Safety Contour (alarm and parameter);

– Sounder Depth (alarm and parameter);

– Anchor Watch (alarm and parameter);

– Safety Contour (value in metres);

– Safety Depth;

– Approach to Area (value in minutes);

– Shallow Contour (parameter);

– Deep Contour (parameter);

– Area warnings.

• loading monitored route and schedule; • setting the following route components for monitoring:

– Next WP;

– Arrival circle;

– Radius.

• setting parameters for alarms connected with motion along the route according to a schedule, and turning these alarms on: – Off Chart;

– End of Route;

– Out of Schedule (in minutes);

– WP Approach (in minutes);

– Off leg course (in degrees);

– Out of XTD.

• setting of time zone and its change time; • setting time-related alarms:

– End of Watch;

– Timer off.

• sending AIS messages (AIS Control); • seetrac sensor control.



Radar Master and Slave RADAR tasks on different WSs within the INS have different scanner control rights. For each band (X-band and S-band), the INS always has one station only, which controls the scanner in this band. This station has MASTER status. Other station has no scanner control capabilities. These stations have SLAVE status.

Scanner control functions available from the station with MASTER status only:

• switching the scanner to/from the transmission mode (TX/STBY);

• switching the outgoing pulse length (LP, MP, SP);

• switching range scales;

• tuning the scanner receivers and turning “AutoTUNE” mode on;

• turning on “Performance Monitor” mode;

• setting Bearing/Distance offset;

• setting Blank sectors.

RADAR tasks may simultaneously have SLAVE status for both, X-band and S-band. For more detailed description see item Switching Bands on WS.

Switching Bands on WS Current version of Transas INS is capable of running two scanners simultaneously. On the stations with SLAVE status, the radar picture band is switched from Control Panel of RADAR and ECDIS tasks:

On the station with MASTER status, a radar picture of the other band can be displayed in STBY mode only. WS 1 is used as an example for showing the availability of a radar picture depending on the scanner operating mode and RADAR task status (MASTER-SLAVE):

• X-band Scanner (TX-mode) – WS1 X-band MASTER (Default settings):

Radar picture(s) available on Workstations WS1 WS2 WS3 WS4 WS5

X-band only (MASTER)

X-band/S-band S-band only (MASTER)

X-band/S-band X-band/S-band



• X-band Scanner (TX mode) – WS1 X-band SLAVE:

Radar picture(s) available on Workstations WS1 WS2 WS3 WS4 WS5

X-band/S-band X-band only (MASTER)

S-band only X-band/S-band X-band/S-band

• X-band Scanner (STBY mode) – WS1 S-band SLAVE:

Radar picture(s), which is available on Workstations WS1 WS2 WS3 WS4 WS5

S-band only S-band only S-band only (MASTER)

S-band only S-band only

Integration


INTEGRATION

Essential Information Information required for the relevant functions of the specific Transas INS. This includes as a minimum position, speed, heading and time.

PS Positioning System In this mode, the following satellite systems can be used for the ship positioning:

• GPS;

• DGPS.

Where there are two or more positioning sources, they are connected in the System Configuration utility as POS1, POS2, POS3, etc. sensors, appropriate identifiers assigned to them.

Processing of Data Received from PS Positioning System The ship position coordinates can be received from the system sensors in the form of IEC 61162-1 standard messages (DTM, GGA, GLL, GBS, GNS and RMC for GPS). In this case “Latitude” and “Longitude” fields are processed (N/S and E/W hemisphere specified as appropriate).

Processing of Data Received from ER Positioning System This method is based on the reception of ARPA information on the bearing and range to some stationary object (e.g. a lighthouse) with fixed coordinates. With this method in use, the ship position is determined by referencing to the ship position to the radar image of such target. This method allows continuous positioning for both, primary and secondary methods.

When the ship position is determined by ER method, the selected radar target is set in the coordinates specified by the operator. Then, proceeding from the data on the selected target (bearing and distance), the ship position is calculated relative to the coordinates of the target. Therefore, as long as the data on the target is supplied continuously, the positioning will also be continuous.

As all the navigational calculations are made by the Transas INS relative to the ship position on the Primary track, with the ER mode turned on the primary ship positioning method, all the targets received from the ARPA are plotted on the chart relative to the ship position, i.e. are shifted by the value of the entered ship position correction.

Processing of Data Received from DR Positioning System In the Dead reckoning mode, the ship position is determined from the information received from gyro and log.

If DR mode is used for a long time, this may result in a serious ship positioning error, therefore, the ship position should, be permanently checked and corrected as required.

Display of Position data see paragraph Display of Main (Essential) Information.

ATTENTION!

Integration


Heading Data on the ship’s true course (HDG) is supplied to the Transas INS by the gyro in HDT sentences. Connection of the gyros is made on “Sensors” page in the System Configuration utility.

Where there are two heading sources, they are connected in the System Configuration utility as GYRO1, GYRO2 sensors, and appropriate identifiers assigned to them.

Also ship’s true course may be outputted to the Transas INS from magnetic compass with HDG sentence.

Connection of the gyros and magnetic compass is made on “Sensors” page in the System Configuration utility.

Display of heading data see paragraph Display of Main (Essential) Information.

Speed

STW Speed data STW is received from the (D)LOG in VHW or VBW sentences. Connection of the (D)LOG is made on “Sensors” page in the System Configuration utility.

Where there are two speed sources, they are connected in the System Configuration utility as (D)LOG1, (D)LOG2 sensors, appropriate identifiers assigned to them.

If the log is not connected in the System Configuration utility, it is possible to enter STW value manually in STW field of “Navigational” panel.

Display of STW data see paragraph Display of Main (Essential) Information.

COG/SOG Speed data COG/SOG could received from the (D)LOG in VBW sentences or from Positioning system in VTG message.

Display of COG/SOG see paragraph Display of Main (Essential) Information.

Depth Data on the depth values under the keel is supplied to the INS by the echosounder in DBT and DPT message. Connection of the echo sounder (ECHOSOUNDER) is made on “Sensors” page in the System Configuration utility. The depth value is shown on “System Information” display.

Time

Time data is received in ZDA sentences from the Positioning source (UTC sensor). Connection of the UTC sensor is made on “Sensors” page in the System Configuration utility.

Display of time data see paragraph Display of Main (Essential) Information.

Integration


Consistent Common Reference System

General To ensure the supply of non-ambiguous information to Transas INS components, the Transas INS uses the so-called “consistent common reference system” which implies the following:

• referencing to same place and time;

• compensation for latency.

The validity and plausibility check is carried out at the previous data processing stage. Failure to pass these checks, triggers off relevant alarms.

The CCRS is ensuring that all parts of the Transas INS are provided with the same type of data from the same source.

Referencing to Same Place For a consistent reference point, the Transas INS uses the Conning Station which all the space oriented information is referenced to (e.g., ship and targets position, ERBL, etc.).

In case of loss of heading, the reference point moves to the centre of the ship.

Conning Station position in the ship system of coordinates is determined by the settings made in the System Configuration utility on “Ship Settings” page:

Referencing to Same Time Time in the Transas INS supplied by the GPS. Time from GPS, being more accurate, is considered to be the main one, and is used for system time synchronising. Each time message (ZDA) is received from GPS (UTC sensor), check is made of the set 2 sec limit between the time from GPS and system time. If the difference exceeds this limit, time is equalised with GPS (UTC sensor).

Compensation for latency Data latency in the Transas INS is consistent with the data requirements of the individual parts and their relevant international standards. The maximum data delay in the Transas INS does not exceed 1 sec, so no compensation for latency is performed.

Integration


Integration of Tasks on the Bridge

Sensor Selection

Selection of Position Source Use “Ships Position” page to select the primary and secondary positioning systems. To select, activate Prim and Sec buttons.

“Ship position” page displays all the connected coordinates sensors, as well as Dead Reckoning (DR) and Echo Reference (ER) modes.

Prim source data is used for making all the calculations in the navigational system. Sec source is a hot backup for Fallback functionality.

The primary and secondary positioning systems cannot be selected simultaneously for one and the same source.

The own ship position sensor name includes:

• differential mode is taken from the sentence;

• source number is assigned in the System Configuration utility;

• source alies is assigned in the System Configuration utility:

You may select a source with invalid data, which is shown in red. In this case, the screen displays a dialogue box requesting permission to select.

It is not possible to choose a source, which no data arrives in.

Integration


Selection of Heading Source On “Heading” page, select a heading source whose data will henceforth be used for making all the calculations in the system.

“Heading” page shows all the connected heading sensors. The heading sensors name includes alies assigned in the System Configuration utility.

To select the main source, activate the button with the source name. The selected source data is used for making all the calculations in the navigation system.

Magnetic compass may be selected as a course source; magnetic variation is available either for manual selection or from the database (see section Compensations for Navigational Data, paragraph Magnetic Compass).



Selection of STW Source Use “Speed” page to select a source of speed through the water whose data will henceforth be used for making all the calculations in the system.

STW sources group on “Speed” page shows all the connected sensors of speed through the water. The speed sensors name includes alies is assigned in the System Configuration utility.

To select the main source, activate the button with the source name.



Integration


Selection of SOG Source Use “Speed” page to select a source of speed over the ground whose data will henceforth be used for making all the calculations in the systems.

SOG sources group on “Speed” page shows all the connected sensors of speed through the water. The speed sensors name includes alies is assigned in the System Configuration utility.

You may select a source with invalid data, which is shown in red. In this case, the screen s displays a dialogue box requesting permission to select.


Selection of Depth Source Use “Echosounder” page to select a source of depth whose data will henceforth be used for making all the calculations in the systems.

“Echosounder” page shows all the connected depth sensors and data from the electronic chart and tidal height.

To select the main source, activate the button with the source name. The depth sensors name includes alies is assigned in the System Configuration utility.


It is not possible to choose a source which no data arrives in.

Integration


Collection Equalising Within the Transas INS, collections required for operation of different tasks are equalised by software facilities. I.e., the following collections will be identical on all the WSs:

• Navigational charts;

• User charts and Manual correction;

• Updating objects;

• Navtex database;

• Routes.

Integrated Task Control and Monitoring Within one task, there is general control of operation modes for different tasks for the entire Transas INS, i.e., a change of parameter for one task on one WS causes synchronous change of this parameter for the same task on other WSs.

Name ECDIS RADAR CONNING ES3 Keyboard

Monitored route Yes Yes Yes N/A

Monitored schedule Yes N/A N/A N/A

Time Yes Yes (UTC Only) Yes N/A

Time zone Yes N/A Yes N/A

Safety Contour (alarm and parameter)

Yes Yes, on chart only

N/A N/A

Navigation danger (alarm and parameter)

Yes N/A N/A N/A

Sounder Depth (alarm and parameter)

Yes N/A “Sounder Depth” parameter is used for displaying horizontal safety depth level in the echogram field

N/A

Anchor Watch (alarm and parameter)

Yes N/A N/A N/A

Safety Contour (value in metres)

Yes N/A N/A N/A

Safety Depth Yes N/A N/A N/A

Approach to Area (value in minutes)

Yes N/A N/A N/A

Area alarms Yes N/A N/A N/A

Shallow Contour (parameter)

Yes N/A N/A N/A

Deep Contour (parameter) Yes N/A N/A N/A

Position Offset Yes Yes Yes N/A

Gyro error Yes N/A N/A N/A

Magnetic variation Yes N/A N/A N/A

Draft Yes N/A N/A N/A

Monitored points (Next WP) Yes N/A Yes N/A

Arrival circle Yes N/A N/A N/A

Radius Yes Yes, Graphical N/A N/A

BTW Yes N/A Yes N/a

XTD, display of Port Side/Starboard Side settings for the current leg of the route loaded in the ECDIS-Master for monitoring

Yes N/A Yes N/A

Integration


Name ECDIS RADAR CONNING ES3 Keyboard

DTW Yes N/A Yes N/A

ETA Yes N/A N/A N/A

TTG to the current point Yes N/A Yes N/A

CSE to the current point Yes N/A Yes N/A

AIS message Yes N/a N/A N/A

End of Watch Yes N/A N/A N/A

Timer off Yes N/A N/A N/A

Off Chart Yes N/A N/A N/A

End of Route Yes N/A N/A N/A

Out of Schedule (in minutes)

Yes N/A N/A N/A

WP Approach (in minutes) Yes N/A N/A N/A

Off leg course (in degrees) Yes N/A N/A N/A

Out of XTE Yes N/A N/A N/A

MOB Yes N/A N/A Yes

EVENT Yes N/A N/Aa Yes

Integration within One WS Within one workstation, there is also general control of task operation modes which is shown in the table below, i.e., changes of any parameters in one task causes synchronous change of these parameters in other tasks within one WS.

Name ECDIS RADAR CONNING ES3

Palettes Yes Yes Yes Yes

EBL/VRM Yes Yes N/A Yes

Radar Picture (TX-1/TX-2) Yes Yes N/A N/A

Gain/Sea/Rain Yes Yes N/A Yes

GZ1, GZ2 Yes Yes N/A N/A

Acquisition sensitivity Yes Yes N/A N/A

CPA/TCPA Yes Yes N/A N/A

Trial Manoeuvre (Set CSE, Radius, Trial Line, Delay)

Yes Yes N/A N/A

RADAR/ECDIS Interaction on One WS ECDIS task is also capable of processing the radar system data and displaying a radar picture and targets. In this case, RADAR task may not be running. With the concurrent operation of RADAR and ECDIS tasks, both tasks always show a radar picture from one scanner. If this is the case, the following operations are synchronised in both applications:

• band switching (on the WS only which has RADAR task SLAVE status);

• setting Gain, Sea, Rain level;

• acquisition and dropping of targets for/from tracking;

• setting Guard Zones and Acquisition Zone;

• EBL/VRM setting.

Reversionary Mode


REVERSIONARY MODE

Automatic Source Selection with Actuation of Fallback Functionality

Fallback functionality implies use of backup data source in case of the main source failure. Fallback functionality is implemented for the following essential data:

• Position. Sec. position source is used for the backup source, which is set on “Ship position” page of “Navigation” panel. If Sec. position source is not set, there is no switch to the backup;

• Heading. The second gyro is used for a backup. The magnetic compass is not used for a backup source;

• STW. The second log is used for a backup source.

By default, there is compulsory Fallback actuation in the case of the sensor failure.

Sensor Failure The backup data source is switched to when the following alarms are triggered off (for alarm generation algorithm, see paragraph Display of Navigational (Essential) Information):

• no input;

• no data;

• invalid data.

If the main data source does not recover its functions within the set time after the alarm generation, Fallback warning is activated, the system switches over to the backup source. The timeout is set to 5 sec. There is no switchover to the backup source unless it has passed all the necessary checks.

Reversionary Mode


Differential Mode Lost A switchover to the backup data source occurs with a differential mode loss by the ship’s position sensor (the letter “D” in the source name stops to be displayed). If the differential mode is not recovered within the set time after its loss, Position Fallback warning is actuated, and the system switches over to the backup source. The timeout is set to 15 sec. There is no switchover to the backup source unless it operates in the differential mode.

Automatic Restoration Function After the main data source has restored its regular operation, there is no automatic switchover back to it. Upon expiry of the set time, there is a user request to restore it as the main data source. The timeout is set to 10 sec.

If “OK” is pressed, the system switches over to this data source.

Compensations for Navigational Data


COMPENSATIONS FOR NAVIGATIONAL DATA

Position Offset If a constant-value error is identified in the ship positioning from any system, it can be taken into account. To this end, the Transas INS implements a function for the correction of ship position coordinates. The corrected coordinate values are displayed until the user changes them again.

The correction to ship position coordinates, which is entered in the Transas INS and has a value other than zero, produces an appropriate change in the ship symbol position. In the ECDIS task, corrected coordinates are shown on the Control panel in the “Positioning System” designation window (“Primary” or “Secondary”), the fact that such correction is taken into account is indicated by a special symbol: a red triangle:

In the RADAR task, corrected coordinates with are red triangle are shown on Display Panel:

Input of a position offset is made for every sensor on the “Ship Position” page of the ECDIS MASTER task’s “Navigation” panel by using the following procedures:

• manual input of correction; corrections defined in the form of a numeric increment to the ship position coordinates are entered in Offset field with appropriate N/S and E/W characters;

• input of correction by the cursor position; in this method, corrections are calculated automatically as a difference between the coordinates specified by the cursor and produced by the positioning system.

The calculated correction is used for correcting coordinates received from the positioning system for the entire Transas INS.

The correction entered for the ship position coordinates, regardless of the input method, has a constant value. With a change of the correction value, its input operation is required to be repeated.

To stop the effect of the correction, press Cancel offset button for the appropriate position source, whereupon the coordinates received from this source only will determine the ship position.

Magnetic Compass With the use of a magnetic compass, heading data is supplied in the HDG sentence. In this case, deviation is taken into account if it is supplied by the magnetic heading sensor. The magnetic declination which is taken into account, is entered manually or taken from the ECDIS task database with the Auto button pressed on “Heading” page of the ECDIS MASTER task “Navigation” panel.



Gyro In up-to-date gyros, deviation is offset automatically. To this end, connected to the gyro are position and speed sensors. If no such offset is available, it should be entered manually on the “Heading” page of the ECDIS MASTER task “Navigation” panel as per table below. In this table, speed deviation is provided in the ship’s compass heading function for the speed of 10 knots. To determine speed deviation for other speeds, it is necessary to multiply the value obtained from the table by the coefficient equal to the ration of the ship’s actual speed to 10.

Speed deviations in the compass course function (for the ship speed of 10 knots). Beginning: Sailing latitude Compass heading 0° 30° 40° 50° 55° 60° 65° 70°

- + + -

0° 180° 180° 360° 0.64 0.74 0.84 0.98 1.11 1.27 1.51 1.86

10 170 190 350 0.63 0.72 0.82 0.97 1.09 1.25 1.45 1.83

20 160 200 340 0.60 0.69 0.78 0.93 1.05 1.20 1.41 1.75

30 150 210 330 0.54 0.63 0.72 0.86 0.97 1.10 1.31 1.61

40 140 220 320 0.48 0.56 0.64 0.76 0.85 0.97 1.15 1.42

50 130 230 310 0.41 0.47 0.53 0.63 0.71 0.82 0.97 1.17

60 120 240 300 0.30 0.37 0.41 0.49 0.50 0.64 0.75 0.93

70 110 250 290 0.21 0.25 0.28 0.33 0.38 0,43 0.51 0.63

80 100 260 280 0.10 0.12 0.15 0.17 0.19 0.22 0.26 0.32

90 90 270 270 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Speed deviations in the compass course function (for the ship speed of 10 knots). Continued:

Sailing latitude Compass heading 73° 75° 76° 77° 78° 79° 80°

- + + -

0° 180° 180° 360° 2.18 2.46 2.63 2.83 3.06 3.34 3.66

10 170 190 350 2.14 2.42 2.59 2.78 3.01 3.28 3.62

20 160 200 340 2.04 2.31 2.47 2.66 2.88 3.14 3.45

30 150 210 330 1.89 2.13 2.28 2.45 2.65 2.89 3.18

40 140 220 320 1.67 1.88 2.01 2.16 2.34 2.55 2.85

50 130 230 310 1.28 1.58 1.69 1.82 1.97 2.15 2.36

60 120 240 300 1.69 1.23 1.32 1.42 1.53 1.67 1.84

70 110 250 290 0.74 0.85 0.89 0.96 1.04 1.19 1.24

80 100 260 280 0.37 0.42 0.45 0.48 0.52 0.57 0.64

90 90 270 270 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Draft Compensation of sounder readings due to varying ship draft is made for each sounder on the “Echosounder” page of the ECDIS MASTER task “Navigation” panel.



Radar Distance Measurement Errors Depending on the latitude, distance measurement errors occur between the radar image and an electronic chart. The table below shows deviations in metres on different radar scales depending on the latitude.

Deviations in metres on different radar scales depending on the latitude: Latitude 0.25 nm 0.75 nm 6 nm 24 nm

0° 0 m 0 m 0.003 m 0.091 m

10° 0.001 m 0.015 m 1.603 m 14.48 m

20° 0.002 m 0.032 m 3.305 m 29.79 m

30° 0.004 m 0.052 m 5.237 m 41.17 m

40° 0.006 m 0.075 m 7.601 m 68.45 m

50° 0.009 m 0.107 m 10.78 m 97.06 m

60° 0.014 m 0.156 m 15.65 m 140.8 m

70° 0.022 m 0.247 m 24.80 m 223.3 m

80° 0.046 m 0.511 m 51.19 m 461.2 m


CHAPTER 3 Alarm Management

Display of Alarms and Warnings

Chapter 3. Alarm Management 69

DISPLAY OF ALARMS AND WARNINGS

The number of alarms shall be kept as low as possible by providing indications for information of lower importance (MSC 86(70) Annex 3, 4.3.5), this is why only very important messages are classified as alarms in the INS. The INS processes alarms and warnings in a similar manner, the only difference being in their display.

Alarm – an audio and visual signal announcing a condition requiring immediate attention or operator action.

Warning – a signal announcing a condition requiring non-immediate attention for precautionary reasons.

Alarms are displayed in “Alarms” window, whereas warnings are shown in “Warnings” window available in ECDIS, RADAR and AMS tasks. The window displays the most recently generated alarm (warning). The CONNING task only shows information on the availability of unacknowledged alarms or warnings. A press on the ALARMS button opens automatically the “Alarms” panel of the AMS task, whereas the WARNINGS button opens the “Warnings” panel.

ECDIS, Radar, AMS Conning

Alarms are associated with intermittent sound signal, which lasts until the silencing. Warnings are accompanied with sound signal, whose duration is 2 sec.

The name of the alarm source is shown in the red colour. The name of the warning source is shown in orange colour. “Alarms” (“Warnings”) window shows the most recently generated alarm (warning).

The alarm (warning) name is preceded by the name of its source:

The alarm (warning) name is preceded by the name of its source:

• WS1 – alarm (warning) refers to this WS

(several tasks simultaneously or breakage of the hardware included in the WS);

• RADAR X-1 – alarm (warning) refers to the control of scanner which is connected to this WS;

• NS-S1 – alarm (warning) refers to ECDIS task only on this WS1;

• NR-S1 – alarm (warning) refers to RADAR task only on this WS1.

Note: Alarms (warning), which refer to one task only on one WS (of NR-S1 and NS-S1 type), are not shown in other tasks (including the AMS) or on other WSs.

1 - S1 – WS name (2 and 3 letters of the WS network name are shown).



• CHART – alarm (warning) refers to the ECDIS task in the scope of entire INS;

• RADAR – alarm (warning) refers to the RADAR task in the scope of entire INS;

• SENS – alarm (warning) refers to the entire INS;

• NAVTEX – alarm from external device received via dry contacts of WAGO module or from NMEA Sensor;

• AIS – alarm from external device (e.g. AIS) received by NMEA ALR message.

The sources are specified in more detail in “Alarms” and “Warnings” panels of the AMS task (see paragraph Description of AMS Task).

Alarms and warning may be active, i.e., what caused their generation has not been eliminated, and non-active when the cause is eliminated. Active and non-active alarms and warnings may have the following status:

• acknowledged – acknowledged by the operator;

• unacknowledged – unacknowledged.

The principles of displaying alarms and warnings in the “Alarms” and “Warnings” windows on the Control Panels of the ECDIS, RADAR, AMS tasks, are identical to those used in the “Alarms” and “Warnings” panels of the AMS panel, and are set forth in the table below:

Alarm status Font Color Blinking Sound generation

New Active unacknowledged alarms (no operator actions taken)

Bold Red Yes Yes

Active unacknowledged alarms silenced, but to be acknowledged on task (e.g. ARPA)

Bold Red Yes No

Non-active unacknowledged alarms

Regular Red Yes Yes

Active acknowledged alarms

Bold Red No No

Non-active acknowledged alarms

No No No No

Active unacknowledged warnings

Bold Orange Yes No

Active acknowledged warnings

Bold Orange No No

Non-active unacknowledged warnings

Regular Orange No No

Non-active acknowledged warnings

No No No No



A press on the button to the right of the alarm (warning) name opens a pull-down list, which contains all the currently active alarms (warnings) and unacknowledged non-active alarms (warnings):

At the beginning of the list, there are unacknowledged alarms arranged in the there growing age order. If the alarm (warning) is active, the name of its source is blinkering. The age of alarms (warnings) is specified to the right of the alarm (warning).

The second half of the list is occupied by the active acknowledged alarms (warnings). Names of alarms (warnings) and their sources are shown in regular fonts. Alarms (warnings) in this part of the list are sorted by their acknowledgment time (the most recently acknowledged alarm (warning) is placed at the very top, etc.).

Non-active acknowledged alarms (warning) are deleted from the list.

Positioning the free cursor on the alarm name on the button or in the list displays a hint showing the detailed name of the alarm:

The history of all the alarms and warnings generation and their acknowledgement is shown on the “Alarms History” and “Warnings History” panels of the AMS task (see Description of AMS Task).

Alarm Acknowledgement


ALARM ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

After familiarising him/herself with the alarm, the operator acknowledges it. Distinction is drawn between the acknowledgement of the alarm audible (silencing) and visual announcement (acknowledgement). Acknowledgement is made on any operating panel, which is directly assigned to the function generating the announcement and where the cause of the announcement and related information for decision support are presented. According to this concept, depending on the alarm status, acknowledgement can be made as follows:

Alarm (warning) status Where acknowledgement can be made

Alarm (warning) generated for one task on one WS This WS, this task

Alarm (warning) generated for all the similar tasks in all the WSs

Any station, this task

Alarm (warning) generated for all the tasks of one WS This WS, any task

Alarm (warning) generated for all the tasks of all the WSs Any station, any task

Places where the alarms (warnings) can be acknowledged, are specified in more detail in the “Alarms” and “Warnings” panel of the AMS task (see Description of AMS Task).

There are three ways to acknowledge an alarm (warning):

• by pressing the “Unacknowledged” button in the line with the alarm (warning) name in the “Alarms” (“Warnings”) panel of the AMS task; if this alarm cannot be acknowledged from this workstation, the alarm is silenced;

• by pressing the button with the name of the most recently generated alarm; after its acknowledgement, the latest unacknowledged alarm (warning) appears in its place; after all the alarms (warnings) have been acknowledged, the button displays “No alarms” (“No warnings”) notation; the most recently generated alarm can also be acknowledged by pressing the <ALARM> button on the ES3 keyboard:

Alarm Acknowledgement


• by selecting the alarm (warning) from a pull-down list of alarms (warnings) which is opened by pressing the button to the right of the alarm (warning) name:

The acknowledgement and the cancellation of the announcement occur automatically after the function generating this announcement is switched off (e.g., automatic control mode is switched off).

If all the alarms (warnings) are acknowledged, “Alarms” (“Warnings”) window assumes the following form:

In the absence of alarms (warning), “Alarms” (“Warnings”) window displays “No alarms” (“No warnings”) notation:

Description of AMS Task


DESCRIPTION OF AMS TASK

AMS Screen The AMS task consists of the Control Panel and 4 pages:

• Alarms;

• Warnings;

• Alarms History;

• Warnings History.

The AMS screen has the following purpose:

• to accumulate and display information on alarms and warnings;

• to display alarm and warning sources;

• to display information on the place of acknowledgement of active alarms and warnings;

• to display alarms and warnings generation history.

The “Alarms” panel is used for the display of alarms, and the “Warnings” panel – for the display of warnings. “Alarms History” and “Warnings History” panels are used for the display of alarms and warnings history (for the principles of displaying alarms and warnings see above). Control tools and the most recently generated alarms and warnings are arranged on the Control panel. The panel layout can be presented diagrammatically as shown below:



Alarms Panel

The “Alarms” panel is intended for the display of all the active and unacknowledged non-active alarms and their attributes. The panel is a table whose rows show alarms as they are generated, and columns provide the following alarm attributes:

• Source – alarm source name (see above);

• Where to acknowledge – place where the alarm in question can be acknowledged (see above);

• Name – alarm name (see Annex B);

• Set Time – alarm generation date and time; either UTC or ship time is displayed depending on what is set in the Control panel “Time” window;

• Age – time elapsed since the alarm generation time;

• Status – alarm status (see above).

When an alarm is selected from the table with the cursor, the bottom part of page provides a detailed description of this alarm matching the hint associated with the alarm name in the “Alarm” window on the Control panel.

Warnings Panel The “Warnings” panel is intended for the display of all the active warnings and their attributes, and contains columns similar to those on the “Alarms” panel (see the previous item).



Alarms History Panel

The “Alarm History” panel is intended for displaying the history of alarm generation within the set time. The panel is a table whose rows display alarms as they are generated, and the columns provide the following alarm attributes:

• Source – alarm source name (see above);

• Name – alarm name (see the Annex B);

• Set Time – alarm generation date and time. Either UTC or ship time is displayed depending on what is set in the Control Panel “Time” window;

• Reset Time – date and time when what caused the alarm disappeared;

• Ack Time – time when the operator acknowledged the alarm.

When an alarm is selected from the table with the cursor, the bottom part of page provides a detailed description of this alarm matching the hint associated with the alarm name in the “Alarm” window on the Control Panel.

Show events since input box specifies the time since which the generated targets are displayed in the table.

Warnings History Panel The “Warnings History” panel is intended for the display of warning generation history and contains columns similar to those on the “Alarms History” panel (see previous item).

Guidance for Adjustments of the Limits for Alarms and Warnings Indications


GUIDANCE FOR ADJUSTMENTS OF THE LIMITS FOR ALARMS AND WARNINGS INDICATIONS

Alarms/ warnings

Condition Set limit Set in task

Indication Remarks

SENSORS Main sensors

No data No input

10 sec No • Alarm; • Values in red

asterisks; • Ship’s symbol

in red color, blinking

Limits set are not accessible for operator

Invalid 10 sec No • Alarm; • Values in red; • Ship’s symbol

in red color


Auxiliary sensors

No data No input

10 sec No • Warning; • Values in red

asterisks; • Ship’s symbol

in red color, blinking


Invalid 10 sec No • Warning; • Values in red; • Ship’s symbol

in red color


Datum unknown

No DTM message

10 sec No Alarm Limits set are not accessible for operator

NAVIGATIONAL Course difference

Difference between current route leg and heading is lager than set

5–30° ECDIS Alarm Set by operator

HDG monitor

The difference in reading GYRO compasses lager then set value

3° No Alarm Limits set are not accessible for operator

Nav. danger

The ship is approaching to an isolated danger

0.0–8.0 nm EСS Alarm Set by operator. EСS/Monitoring/ Navigational alarms

Out of XTD

The set XTD value exceeded

0.00–9.99 nm EСS Alarm XTD set by operator. ECDIS/Route/Route table

WP approach

The ship has approached a WP

0.00–9.99 nm EСS Alarm Set by operator

Anchor watch

The ship is leaving the set anchorage area

0.00–9.99 nm EСS Alarm Set by operator. ECDIS/Monitoring/ Navigational alarms

Area alarms

Approach to navigational area

0–15 min EСS Warning Set by operator. EСS/Monitoring/ Area Alarms

Guidance for Adjustments of the Limits for Alarms and Warnings Indications


Alarms/ warnings

Condition Set limit Set in task

Indication Remarks

CPA/TCPA СРА and ТСРА are smaller than the set ones

CPA 0.0–60 min TCPA 0.00–24.00 nm

RADAR Warning Set by operator. Radar/ARPA

Safety Contour

With a change of chart set under the ship position, the previously selected safety contour becomes unavailable on these charts

0–15 min EСS Alarm Set by operator. ECDIS/Monitoring/ Navigational alarms

Sounder depth

The current depth from the echo sounder is smaller than the set value

0–999 m EСS Warning Set by operator. ECDIS/Monitoring/ Navigational alarms

Out of schedule

The ship is behind/ahead the schedule

0–00 min EСS Warning Set by operator. ECDIS/Monitoring/ Route monitoring

End of watch

End of watch 0–900 min EСS Warning Set by operator. ECDIS/Config/ General

Rest alarms trigged off immediately on event.


CHAPTER 4 Quick Guidance on Transas

INS Tasks

Handling of Chart Collection

Chapter 4. Quick Guidance on Transas INS Tasks 81

HANDLING OF CHART COLLECTION

Updating Licenses Press the button for run the Chart Assistant utility.

On the panel, which will be displayed, press the Disk button:

In the “Scan Disk” window, which will open up, specify the external storage containing a new license:

A window with a proposal to install the license will appear. Press “OK” button:



The license will be installed, which will be reflected in the general log:

Close the log. The license updating process is completed.

After license updating on one of WSs, license equalising should be performed for all the WSs.

By using the tab in the left top corner, switch to “Network” panel.

To synchronize the licenses at all the workstations, press the Create new collection. Update clients button.

Updating Charts Press the button for run the Chart Assistant utility.

WARNING!



On the panel, which will be displayed, press Format button:

Select necessary chart format, the panel will display outlines of all the previously installed charts in the set format.

Insert the CD with a chart updating into the CD drive. Press Update button.

In the “Scan Disk” window, which will open up, specify the external storage containing the updating:

If necessary press “Browse” button and specify the path to the directory, which contains the chart updating:

Press “OK” button in the search window:

Check Install updates checkbox and press “OK” button.

Press “OK” button to confirm the installation of updating for the ship chart folio.



General updating log is displayed.

Close the log. The chart updating process is completed.

There is another way to install the updating. Press Disk button.

In the “Scan Disk” window, which will open up, specify the external storage containing the updating:

If necessary press “Browse” button and specify the path to the directory, which contains the chart updating:

Press “OK” button in the search window.

The Chart Assistant utility will scan the external storage, will automatically identify the chart format and the type of data it contains, and will produce a list of available actions:

Check Install updates checkbox and press “OK” button.

General updating log is displayed.

Close the log. The chart updating process is completed.

To Acquire Targets


TO ACQUIRE TARGETS

To Manually Acquire Targets for Tracking Open RADAR task. To acquire a single target, press button in the Display Panel control button group.

Position the free cursor on the target, which should be acquired for tracking (see also document TRANSAS INS (V. 1.11.002). RADAR).

Press the left trackball/mouse button. At the acquisition stage the target will be displayed as a dashed line square.

To Acquire Targets


In a minute, the acquired target will be displayed as a yellow coloured circle with a pre-calculated motion vector.

Use the procedure for acquiring all the necessary targets for tracking. To exit from

the manual acquisition mode, release button in the Display Panel control button group.

To Manually Cancel Tracked Targets Drop the target from tracking by using one of the following procedures:

1. To cancel tracking of a single target, press button in the Display Panel control button group. Position the free cursor on the tracked target, which should be cancelled. As this is done, the cursor will assume the following form: (see also document TRANSAS INS (V. 1.11.002). RADAR, paragraph Handling Cursors).

2. With button released, position the cursor on the required target and press the right trackball button successively until cursor appears.

Note: It is only targets beyond the guard zones, which can be cancelled.

To Acquire Targets


Press the left trackball/mouse button. The target tracking will be cancelled.

To exit from the target cancellation mode, release button in the Display Panel control button group.

To Acquire Targets


To Cancel All Tracked Targets in PPI Area Open “TARGETS” panel by selecting the appropriate menu line in the Control Panel’s “Multi Panel” window:

On “TARGETS” panel on Acquisition page press Cancel All Targets button:

All the tracked targets beyond the guard zones will be cancelled.

Setting of Safety Parameters in Target Tracking (CPA/TCPA) In the Control Panel “Safety Parameters” window position the free cursor in the CPA input field and press the left trackball button.

By rolling the trackball, set the required value of the closest-point-of-approach (CPA) distance or enter it via the keyboard. Press the left trackball button.

In a similar way, enter the value of time to the closest point of approach (TCPA) in the TCPA input field.

The setting of the safety parameter is completed. With the ARPA turned on, the CPA/TCPA alarm will be triggered off if both, the CPA and TCPA become smaller than the set values at the same time.

To Acquire Targets


To Handle Ring Shaped Guard Zones Open “TARGETS” panel by selecting the appropriate menu line in the Control Panel’s “Multi Panel” window:

To Turn on Ring Shaped Guard Zones On “TARGETS” panel on Acquisition page press Guard Zone 1 and/or Guard Zone 2 button.

The ring-shaped guard zone will be displayed on the PPI.

To Acquire Targets


Targets getting within the guard zone will be displayed in the form of flickering triangles.

At the same time Guard zone target warning will be triggered off.

Acknowledge this alarm.

After the processing, targets will be displayed in the form of green coloured circles with pre-calculated motion vectors.

To Set Guard Zone Limits Position the free cursor on the left-hand boundary of the guard zone. As this is done, the cursor will assume the following form:

Press the left trackball/mouse button. The cursor will assume the form of a graphic cursor.

To Acquire Targets


Move the ring-shaped zone along the circle relative to the own ship symbol in the required direction.

Press the left trackball/mouse button to set the new position of the zone and to exit from the graphic cursor mode.

Position the free cursor on the right-hand boundary of the guard zone. As this is done, the cursor will assume the following form:


Move the right-hand limit of the ring-shaped zone setting the necessary coverage angle.

Press the left trackball/mouse button to set the new position of the zone and to exit from the graphic cursor mode.

To Acquire Targets


Position the free cursor on one of the arcs delimiting the guard zone. As this is done, the cursor will assume the following form:


Move the zone limit to the required distance.

Note: If the zone’s closer limit crosses its farther limit in the process of zone shift, they exchange their places.

Press the left trackball/mouse button to set the new zone position and exit from the graphic cursor mode.

To Turn off Guard Zones To turn off a guard zone, release the appropriate button on Acquisition page of “TARGETS” panel.

Handling of Routes


HANDLING OF ROUTES

Graphic Method of Route Creating Open ECDIS task. Open “Route Editor” panel by selecting the appropriate line of TASKS LIST menu on the Control panel:

In “Route Editor” panel, which will open up, press New button to activate it:

The panel will look as follows:

Handling of Routes


A graphic cursor will appear on the Chart panel, whereas the right bottom part of the ECDIS task screen will display Edit Route information window:

Set the cursor in the start point coordinates by moving the mouse/trackball, using the data in Edit Route window and press the left mouse/trackball button.

The symbol of the start point with its number (“0”) will appear on the Chart panel. Position the cursor in the coordinates of the next point. At this stage, a route leg line will be drawn between the cursor and the start point. Press the left mouse/trackball button: the Chart panel will display the next point symbol with “1” for number and the plotted route leg. By default, XTD lines are also shown. To turn off their display, use “Extra” window.

If it is necessary to set several waypoints, repeat the mouse/trackball moving and left button pressing operation as many times as there are WPs required to be set.

Handling of Routes


If the cursor is positioned beyond the Chart panel boundaries, it will be re-drawn automatically so that there is always a chart from the chart folio under the cursor (provided Chart Autoload function is “ON”).

After the setting of the last point of the planned route, double click the right mouse/trackball button: the cursor will exit from the route planning and editing mode and will assume the form of the ECDIS task free cursor.

The generation of the route is completed. To save the route, enter its name in the name input line in the top right part of the panel.

Press Save button which has been activated.

The planned route is generated and saved.

For tabular method of route creating and route editing see document TRANSAS INS (V. 1.11.002). ECDIS.

Handling of Routes


Loading Route Open ECDIS task. Open “Monitoring” panel by selecting the appropriate line of TASKS LIST menu on the Control panel.

Use the tab in the top part of “Monitoring” panel to switch to “Route Monitoring” page.

On “Route Monitoring” page, which will open up, press Load route button in Route row of buttons:

Select the required route and press the left mouse/trackball button. The selected route will be loaded for sailing in the Chart panel, and its name will be displayed on the button. The route loaded for sailing will be shown in red colour.

Handling of Routes


If the “Route Editor” panel is opened, and a route is loaded in it, to load it in the Monitoring Mode, press the Activate Route Monitor button:

The route loaded for sailing will be shown in red colour.

Setting of Safety Parameters in the Sailing Along the Route Open “Monitoring” panel by selecting the appropriate line of TASKS LIST menu on the Control panel:

Use the tab in the top part of “Monitoring” panel, which will open up to switch to “Route Monitoring” page:

Check Off chart checkbox in Alarms group to turn on the alarm generation when there is no chart under the ship position:

Check End of route checkbox in Alarms group to turn on the alarm generation as the last point of the route is passed:

Selecting Sensors in Navigation Panel


The parameter of tracking the ship position relative to the current route leg is set by default. XTD value is set at the time when the route is created in “Route Editor” panel. The alarm is generated when the ship sails beyond the XTD limits:

Use WP Approach line of Alarms group to enter the alarm generation time value as the next WP is approached. Check the activated WP Approach checkbox to turn on the alarm generated if the value of time of approach to the next WP is less than the set one:

Use Off leg course line of Alarms group to enter the value of difference between the ship course and route leg direction. Check the activated Off leg course checkbox to turn on the alarm generation as the difference between the courses exceeds the set value:

The setting of safety parameters is completed.

SELECTING SENSORS IN NAVIGATION PANEL

Setting Position Sources

Setting EPFS Positioning System Open ECDIS Task. Open “Navigation” panel by selecting the appropriate line of TASKS LIST menu on the Control panel:

Use the tab in the top part of “Navigation” panel to switch to “Ship Position” page:

Ship position page displays all the connected coordinates sensors, as well as Dead Reckoning (DR) and Echo Reference (ER) modes.



Press PRIM and SEC buttons to select the primary and secondary positioning systems:

Setting ER Mode Press ARPA button in the top part of the Control panel to turn on the display of targets:

Open “Navigation” panel by selecting the appropriate line of TASKS LIST menu on the Control panel:

Use the tab in the top part of “Navigation” panel to switch to “Ship Position” page:



To Set Reference Points In ER group press Select targets button.

Note: If the ARPA tracks some targets, Select targets button will be activated.

Position the free cursor on the tracked target, which will serve as a reference point.

Note: Any ARPA tracked stationary target can serve as a reference point.

As this is done, the cursor will assume the following form:

Press the left trackball/mouse button.

“R” index will show up next to the reference point. Set the necessary number of reference points (up to 5).

To Cancel Reference Point

To cancel the reference point press Reset targets button in ER group.

Position the free cursor on the reference point, which will cancel. As this is done, the cursor will assume the following form:

Press the left trackball/mouse button.



“R” index will stop show up next to the reference point.

To Use Position Determined with the Aid of Reference Points To use position determined with the aid of reference points press PRIM or SEC button:

The setting of ER positioning system is completed.

Setting DR Mode Open “Navigation” panel by selecting the appropriate line of TASKS LIST menu on the Control panel:

Use the tab in the top part of “Monitoring” panel to switch to “Ship Position” page:



In DR group press PRIM or SEC button:

The setting of DR positioning system is completed.

Input of Correction Manual Input of EPFS Offset

Position the cursor in Offset window on the minute value and press the left mouse/trackball button to activate the window.

Enter the coordinate offset and press <Enter> key.

The ship symbol will move to the corrected coordinates, the coordinate offset will be displayed in Offset window.

Correction of Ship Position by the ECDIS Task Cursor

• Input EPFS Offset.

Press Set Offser By button position source group and select Cursor:

Move the graphic cursor, which will appear to the corrected ship position coordinates.



Press the left mouse/trackball button. The ship symbol will move to the specified coordinates.

The coordinate offset will be shown in Offset window, whilst position window will display corrected coordinates from position systems:

• Input of DR Offset.

Press Set by cursor button in DR group:

Move the graphic cursor, which will appear to the corrected ship position coordinates.

Press the left mouse/trackball button. The ship symbol will move to the specified coordinates.

Position window will display new coordinates from DR.



Setting Heading Source Open ECDIS task. Open “Navigation” panel by selecting the appropriate line of TASKS LIST menu on the Control panel:

Use the tab in the top part of “Navigation” panel to switch to “Heading” page:

Activate the button with the source name to select the main source of heading whose data will henceforth be used for making all the calculations in the system.

Depending on the latitude and speed, gyros requires input of correction. Transas INS is not capable of tracing input of a correction on the gyro, so the correction is considered to have been entered. The user should check the input of this correction for the Transas INS correction operation.

Setting Speed Sources Open ECDIS task. Open “Navigation” panel by selecting the appropriate line of TASKS LIST menu on the Control panel:

ATTENTION!



Use the tab in the top part of “Navigation” panel to switch to “Speed” page:

In STW sources group activate the button with the source name to select the source of speed through the water whose data will henceforth be used for making all the calculations in the system.

In SOG sources group activate the button with the source name to select the source of speed over ground whose data will henceforth be used for making all the calculations in the system.

Setting Depth Source Open ECDIS task. Open “Navigation” panel by selecting the appropriate line of TASKS LIST menu on the Control panel:

Use the tab in the top part of “Navigation” panel to switch to “Echosounder” page:

Activate the button with the source name to select the main source of depth whose data will henceforth be used for making all the calculations in the system.


ANNEX A INS Failure Mode and Effect

Analyses

List of System Parts and Applications

Annex A. INS Failure Mode and Effect Analyses 109

LIST OF SYSTEM PARTS AND APPLICATIONS

No Station purposes/Sensor Additional applications

1 ECDIS master station Radar slave, Conning

2 ECDIS backup station Radar slave, Conning

3 Radar X-band master station ECDIS slave, Conning

4 Radar S-band master station ECDIS slave, Conning

5 Conning station Radar slave, ECDIS slave

6 EPFS (e.g. GPS) N/A

7 Gyrocompass N/A

8 Log N/A

9 Sounder N/A

10 Anemometer N/A

11 Water temperature sensor N/A

12 AIS N/A

13 NAVTEX N/A

FMEA TABLE

SW fault includes: 1. Application fault. 2. Application does not respond. 3. Connection to application fault. HW fault includes: 1. Power failure. 2. Station/Sensor damage 3. Connection break. Sensor fault includes: 1. Power failure. 2. Sensor damage 3. Connection break. Corrupted message includes: 1. Wrong checksum. 2. Wrong sentence formation. Invalid data: status obtained by character in the message

Station/Sensor Scenario (Possible fault)

Functional limitations due to fault System’s automatic response

Recommended procedure

ECDIS master station fault

ECDIS SW fault One of ECDIS display out of order First Backup ECDIS station switched to Master mode

• Check ships position course and speed; • Restart application; • Call service engineer if station does not work

Station HW fault One of ECDIS station, one slave Radar and one slave Conning display out of order

First Backup ECDIS station switched to Master mode

• Check ships position course and speed; • Restart application; • Call service engineer if station does not work

ECDIS backup (planning) station fault

ECDIS SW fault • One of ECDIS station out of order; • Digitiser is inaccessible; • Navtex database out of order

No • Restart application; • Call service engineer if station does not work

Station HW fault • One of ECDIS display, slave Radar and slave Conning displays out of order;

• SPOS Weather Module out of order (optionally); • Digitiser is inaccessible; • Navtex database out of order

No • Restart application; • Call service engineer if station does not work

Radar X-band master station fault

Radar SW fault • One of Radar station out of order; • Radar picture from X-band scanner will disappear

on the others workstations; • Targets from X-band radar disappear

on the others workstations

Stop antenna rotation. Change radar to “Switch-OFF” mode

• Restart application; • Switch operation of Radar X-band master station

to another available station if station does not work; • Call service engineer





Radar X-band master station fault

Station HW fault • Radar X-band station out of order; • Radar picture from X-band scanner will disappear




• Restart application; • Call service engineer

Radar S-band master station fault

Radar SW fault • One of Radar station out of order; • Radar picture from X-band scanner will disappear




• Restart application; • Switch operation of Radar X-band master station

to another available station if station does not work; • Call service engineer

Station HW fault • Radar S-band station, one slave ECDIS and one slave Conning displays out of order;

• Radar picture from S-band scanner will disappear on the others workstations;

• Targets from S-band radar disappear on the others workstations


• Restart application; • Call service engineer

Conning display station fault

Conning SW fault One of Conning displays is inaccessible No • Restart application; • Switch operation of Conning station to another

available station if station does not work; • Call service engineer

Station HW fault One Slave Radar, ECDIS and one Conning display out of order

No • Restart application; • Switch operation of Conning station to another

available station if station does not work; • Call service engineer





DGPS (GPS/GLONASS) (Primary)

Sensor fault Limitation during fallback to valid PS system: • Ship symbol related to positioning system

is unreliable on the chart panel; • Coordinate values are unreliable; • COG – SOG values are unreliable; • Drift calculations are unreliable; • RIB/ARPA Target data are inaccessible

Fallback to the next valid positioning sensor in 10 seconds

• Use alternative source (PS2) as the Primary positioning system to restore the function;

• Check sensor operation and connection; • Call service engineer. If alternative EPFS sensor is not available change positioning source to DR or ER mode

DGPS mode lost Position accuracy is reduced to GPS SPS values Primary/Secondary diverge value changed

No

Corrupted message Limitation during fallback to valid PS system: • Ship symbol related to positioning system is

unreliable on the chart panel; • Coordinate values are unreliable; • COG – SOG values are unreliable; • Drift calculations are unreliable; • RIB/ARPA Target data are inaccessible


• Use alternative source (PS2) as Primary positioning system to restore the function;

• Check sensor operation and connection; • Call service engineer. If alternative EPFS sensor is not connected change positioning source to DR or ER mode

Invalid data Limitation during fallback to valid PS system: • Ship symbol related to positioning system

is unreliable on the chart panel; • Coordinate values are unreliable; • COG – SOG values are unreliable; • Drift calculations are unreliable; • RIB/ARPA Target data are inaccessible


• Use alternative source (PS2) as Primary positioning system to restore the function;

• Check sensor operation and connection; • Call service engineer. If alternative EPFS sensor is not connected change positioning source to DR or ER mode





Gyrocompass Sensor fault Limitation during fallback to valid heading system: • ARPA function is inaccessible; • Only Head up mode in Radar; • DR mode is inaccessible; • Drift calculations are unreliable

Radars changed to head up mode. Fallback to the next valid gyrocompass in 10 seconds

• Switch to alternative heading source; • Check sensor operation and connection; • Call service engineer

Corrupted message Limitation during fallback to valid heading system: • ARPA function is inaccessible; • Only Head up mode in Radar; • DR mode is inaccessible; • Drift calculations are unreliable



Invalid data Limitation during fallback to valid heading system: • ARPA function is inaccessible; • Only Head up mode in Radar; • DR mode is inaccessible; • Drift calculations are unreliable



Log Sensor fault Limitation during fallback to valid speed measuring system: • ARPA function is inaccessible; • Radar See stabilization mode is inaccessible; • DR mode is inaccessible; • Drift calculations are unreliable

Fallback to the next valid speed sensor in 10 seconds

• Switch to alternative speed source; • Check sensor operation and connection; • Call service engineer





Corrupted message Limitation during fallback to valid speed measuring system: • ARPA function is inaccessible; • Radar See stabilization mode is inaccessible; • DR mode is inaccessible; • Drift calculations are unreliable



Invalid data Limitation during fallback to valid speed measuring system: • ARPA function is inaccessible; • Radar See stabilization mode is inaccessible; • DR mode is inaccessible; • Drift calculations are unreliable



Sounder Sensor fault No sounding data No • Check Sounder operation and connection; • Call service engineer

Corrupted message No sounding data No • Check Sounder operation and connection; • Call service engineer

Invalid data No sounding data No • Check Sounder operation and connection; • Call service engineer

Anemometer Sensor fault No wind data No • Check Anemometer operation and connection; • Call service engineer

Corrupted message No wind data No • Check Anemometer operation and connection; • Call service engineer

Invalid data No wind data No • Check Anemometer operation and connection; • Call service engineer





Water temperature sensor

Sensor fault No temperature data No • Check temperature sensor operation and connection; • Call service engineer

Corrupted message No temperature data No • Check temperature sensor operation and connection; • Call service engineer

AIS Sensor fault • No AIS targets data; • AIS message and own ship data exchange

is inaccessible

No • Check AIS operation and connection; • Call service engineer

Corrupted message • No AIS targets data; • AIS message and own ship data exchange

is inaccessible

No • Check AIS operation and connection; • Call service engineer

NAVTEX Sensor fault No Navtex messages in INS No • Check NAVTEX operation and connection; • Call service engineer

Corrupted message No Navtex messages in INS No • Check NAVTEX operation and connection; • Switch off Check Sup processing for Navtex port; • Call service engineer

Seetrac Sensor Sensor fault No Seetrac tenders in INS No • Check Seetrac sensor operation and connection; • Call service engineer

Corrupted message No Seetrac tenders in INS No • Check Seetrac sensor operation and connection; • Switch off Check Sup processing for Seetrac port; • Call service engineer

Digitizer Sensor fault No digital cartographic data No • Check digitiser operation and connection; • Call service engineer

Corrupted message Corrupted message is not processed No • Check digitiser operation and connection; • Switch off Check Sup processing for Digitaiserport; • Call service engineer


ANNEX B Alarms and Warnings List

ALARMS LIST

No Alarm Description Source Explanation Hint INS reaction Action

1 AIS capacity exceeded

Workstation Capacity of AIS targets is reached 256

Maximum capacity of AIS targets is exceeded

The other AIS targets are not processed and not displayed in INS

Acknowledge the alarm

2 AIS guard zone target Workstation AIS targets gets into the GZ AIS guard zone target No Pay attention to the target

3 AIS: No input SENSOR AIS device has no connection or switched off

AIS device has no connection or switched off

No AIS targets are displayed on the ECDIS and Radar tasks

• Check the AIS operation and connection;

• Call service engineer 4 Anchor watch CHART The ship is leaving the set

anchorage area The ship is leaving the set anchorage area

No Check the ship position

5 ARPA capacity exceeded

Workstation Capacity of AIS targets is reached 80

Maximum capacity of ARPA targets is exceeded

The other ARPA targets are not processed and not displayed in INS

Acknowledge the alarm

6 Bearing failure RADAR-X-1, RADAR-S-1

Bearing data source disconnected The radar receives no bearing data from scanner

No radar picture from particular Radar – X(S)-band

• Check the antenna rotation; • Check operation and

connection of the scanner; • Check correctness of

bearing numbers; • Check connection in Low

Frequency box 7 Course difference CHART Difference between current route

leg and Heading is lager than set Difference between current route leg and Heading is more than set

No • Check Monitored Route

8 CPA/TCPA RADAR/CHART СРА and ТСРА are smaller than the set ones

CPA/TCPA exceeded set values No Pay attention to the dangerous target

9 Datum unknown SENSOR No DTM message is received from EPFS

No DTM message is received from EPFS

No • Check DTM output message from Primary D-GPS

10 Display failure Workstation Failure of or no connection with the monitor

Failure of or no connection with the monitor

ECDIS: Change of MASTER rights

• Restart the WS. Check the monitor connection


11 DLOG: no input SENSOR Speed source has no connection or device switched off or wrong checksum

Speed source has no connection or device switched off

Fall Back functionality switches automatically the source of STW for alternative one. If Fall Back functionality not possible: • Calculation of TRUE wind is

invalid; • Calculation of drift impossible Radar: • Lost of stabilization; • ARPA function inaccessible

• Check DLOG operation; • Check that in DLOG

checksum is switched on; • Check VBW output

message from DLOG; • Enter STW manually to

restore ARPA functionality; • Call service engineer

12 DLOG: SOG no data SENSOR No SOG data is received from DLOG

No SOG data is received from speed source

ECDIS: • Calculation of TRUE wind is

invalid; • Calculation of drift impossible. Radar: • Lost of GROUND stabilization

• Check DLOG operation; • Check VBW output

message from DLOG; • Call service engineer; • Change radar stabilization

13 DLOG: STW no data SENSOR No STW data is received from DLOG

No STW data is received from speed source

Fall Back functionality switches automatically the source of STW for alternative one. If Fall Back functionality not possible: • Calculation of drift impossible. Radar: • Lost of SEA stabilization; • ARPA function inaccessible

• Check DLOG operation; • Check VBW output

message from DLOG; • Enter STW manually

to restore ARPA functionality; • Call service engineer; • Change radar stabilization

14 DLOG: SOG invalid SENSOR SOG data received from DLOG is invalid

SOG data received from speed source is invalid

ECDIS: • Calculation of TRUE wind is

invalid; • Calculation of drift impossible. Radar: • Lost of GROUND stabilization

• Check DLOG operation; • Call service engineer; • Change radar stabilization

No Alarm Description Source Explanation Hint INS reaction Action 15 DLOG: STW invalid SENSOR STW data received from DLOG is

invalid STW data received from speed source is invalid

Fall Back functionality switches automatically the source of speed through the water for alternative one. If Fall Back functionality not possible: • Calculation of drift impossible. Radar: • Lost of SEA stabilization; • ARPA function inaccessible

• Check DLOG operation; • Enter STW manually

to restore ARPA functionality;

• Call service engineer

16 GYRO invalid SENSOR The data received from the GYRO does not pass plausibility check

The data received from the GYRO does not pass plausibility check

Fall Back functionality switches automatically the source of heading for alternative one. If Fall Back functionality not possible: • Reference point (conning

station) changed to the center of the ship;

• Calculation of TRUE wind is invalid;

• Calculation of drift impossible. • ARPA function inaccessible

• Check the compass operation;

• Call service engineer; • Change radar stabilization

17 GYRO: no data SENSOR No data is received from GYRO heading source

No data is received from GYRO heading source




• Calculation of drift impossible. ECDIS: • ARPA function inaccessible.

• Check the compass operation;

• Check HDG output message from GYRO;


No Alarm Description Source Explanation Hint INS reaction Action Radar: • ARPA function inaccessible; • AIS mode inaccessible; • Chart mode inaccessible

in 1 min; • Stabilization lost; • Motion mode, only Head up,

Relative Motion 18 GYRO: no input SENSOR GYRO heading source has no

connection or device switched off or wrong checksum

GYRO heading source has no connection or device switched off




• Calculation of drift impossible ECDIS: • ARPA function inaccessible. Radar: • ARPA function inaccessible; • AIS mode inaccessible; • Chart mode inaccessible

in 1 min; • Stabilization lost; • Motion mode, only Head up,

Relative Motion

• Check the gyro operation and connection;

• Check that in GYRO checksum is switched on;

• Checksum wrong; • Call service engineer; • Change radar stabilization

19 Guard zone target Workstation Radar target has appeared in the Guard Zone

Radar target has appeared in the Guard Zone

No Pay attention to the target

20 Head Marker failure RADAR-X-1, RADAR-S-1

Radar does not receive headline data

Radar does not receive headline data

No video picture on the particular radar

• Check the antenna rotation; • Check operation and

connection of the scanner


21 Keyboard failure Workstation Keyboard has disconnected or failure

Keyboard has disconnected or failure

ECDIS: • Change of ECDIS “Master

station”

• Change AP mode to “Heading Control Mode” or “Manual”;

• Restart the WS. Check the keyboard connection

22 Land danger CHART The ship is approaching to the objects with ”Land” attribute to a distance less than the set one

Land Danger No Pay attention to the land danger on ECDIS task

23 LOG invalid SENSOR The data received from the speed source is invalid

The data received from the speed source is invalid

Fall Back functionality switches automatically the source of speed for alternative one. If Fall Back functionality not possible: • Calculation of drift impossible. Radar: • ARPA function inaccessible

• Check the LOG operation; • Call service engineer; • Enter STW manually

to restore ARPA functionality

24 LOG: no data SENSOR No data is received from the speed source

No data is received from the speed source


• Check the LOG operation; • Call service engineer; • Enter STW manually

to restore ARPA functionality

25 LOG: no input SENSOR Speed source has no connection or device switched off or wrong checksum

Speed source has no connection or device switched off


• Check the LOG operation and connection;

• Check that in LOG checksum is switched on;

• Checksum wrong; • Enter STW manually to

restore ARPA functionality


26 MAG invalid SENSOR The data received from the magnetic heading source is invalid

The data received from the magnetic heading source is invalid

• Calculation of drift impossible. ECDIS: • ARPA function inaccessible. Radar: • ARPA function inaccessible; • Only Head Up, Relative motion;• Stabilization lost

• Change to alternative heading source;

• Check the Magnetic compass operation;


27 MAG: no data SENSOR No data is received from the magnetic heading source

No data is received from the magnetic heading source

• Calculation of drift impossible. ECDIS: • ARPA function inaccessible. Radar: • ARPA function inaccessible; • Only Head Up, Relative motion;• Stabilization lost


• Check the Magnetic compass operation;


28 MAG: no input SENSOR Magnetic heading source has no connection or device switched off or wrong checksum

Magnetic heading source has no connection or device switched off

• Calculation of drift impossible. ECDIS: • ARPA function inaccessible. • Radar: • ARPA function inaccessible; • Only Head Up, Relative

motion; • Stabilization lost


• Check the Magnetic compass operation and connection;

• Call service engineer; • Check that in Magnetic

compass checksum is switched on;

• Checksum wrong; • Change radar stabilization

29 MOB BRG! CHART MOB Bearing has been received from AIS target or/and from own Radio Direction Finder

MOB BRG! MOB bearing is plotted on ENC Acknowledge the alarm


30 Nav. danger CHART The ship is approaching to an isolated danger

Dynamic hint: The ship is approaching to an isolated danger. a. Chart dangers: “Danger: object on chart <chart name>”. XX.X miles; b. Manual correction: “Danger: Manual correction object”. XX.X miles; c. NavTex: “Danger: NavTex warning”. XX.X miles

No Pay attention to the isolated danger on ECDIS task

31 No Time SENSOR UTC time is not received from EPFS

UTC time is not received from EPFS

Use internal computer time • Check the EPFS operation and connection;

• Check ZDA message output from EPFS

32 Off chart CHART The ship has sailed beyond the chart boundary with the chart Autoload mode OFF

No chart under the ship No Load the chart under the ship position on ECDIS task

33 Out of XTD CHART The set XTD value exceeded The set XTD value exceeded No • Check if the course set in the autopilot is correct

34 Prim. posn invalid SENSOR The data received from the primary positioning source is invalid

The data received from the primary positioning source is invalid

Fall Back functionality switches automatically the source of position for alternative one. If Fall Back functionality not possible: • Calculation of drift impossible. Radar: • Chart functionality

inaccessible in 1 min; • AIS functionality inaccessible; • Lost of Ground stabilization

(if EPFS chosen as SOG)

• Check the primary EPFS operation;



35 Prim posn: no data SENSOR No data is received from the primary positioning source

No data is received from the primary positioning source






36 Prim. Not WGS 84 SENSOR Coordinates received from primary position source do not match coordinates on the WGS-84

Received coordinates do not match coordinates on the WGS-84

Fall Back functionality switches automatically the source of position for alternative one. If Fall Back functionality not possible: Radar: • Chart functionality



• Use another EPFS sensor; • Check DTM output

message from EPFS; • Change radar stabilization

37 Prim.sensor: no input SENSOR Primary position source has no connection or device switched off or wrong checksum

Primary positioning source has no connection or device switched off


inaccessible; • AIS functionality inaccessible; • Lost of Ground stabilization


• Check the EPFS operation and connection;

• Check that in EPFS checksum is switched on;

• Change radar stabilization


38 Prim: COG/SOG invalid

SENSOR The COG/SOG data received from the primary EPFS source is invalid

The COG/SOG data received from the primary positioning source is invalid

ECDIS: • Calculation of drift impossible. Radar: • Lost of GROUND stabilization



39 Prim: COG/SOG no data

SENSOR No COG/SOG data is received from the primary EPFS source

No COG/SOG data is received from the primary positioning source

ECDIS: • Calculation of drift impossible. Radar: • Lost of GROUND stabilization



40 Prim: Time error SENSOR The difference in reading time received with coordinates and time message from primary positioning system

Difference in reading time in coordinates and time message

Coordinate data reading as invalid. Change to another positioning sensor


41 Radar Video RADAR-X-1, RADAR-S-1

Absence or low level of video signal supplied to Radar indicator from Radar Integrator board

Absence or low level of video signal

No radar picture from X(S)-band radar on particular workstation

• Check operation and connection of the scanner;

• Check “HF” box connection; • RIB unit operation and

connection 42 ROT invalid SENSOR The Rate of turn data is invalid The source of ROT data is

invalid No • Check GYRO operation;

• Call service engineer 43 ROT: no data SENSOR No ROT data is received No ROT data is received No • Check GYRO operation;

• Call service engineer 44 ROT: no input SENSOR ROT source has no connection or

device is switched off or wrong checksum

ROT source has no connection or device is switched off

No • Check the gyro or turn indicator operation and connection;

• Check that in TI checksum is switched on

45 Safety contour CHART The ship is crossing safety contour set by operator

Dynamic alarm: Crossing safety contour XX meters in less than XX min. Chart XXXX

No • Check the ship position and motion parameters


46 Scanner Control RADAR-X-1, RADAR-S-1

Scanner does not respond to Radar indicator commands

Scanner does not respond to Radar indicator commands

No radar picture from X(S)-band radar

• Check operation and connection of the scanner;

• Restart RADAR task 47 Sec. not WGS 84 SENSOR Received coordinates do not

match coordinates on the WGS-84

Received coordinates do not match coordinates on the WGS-84

No • Check DTM output message from EPFS;

• Use another EPFS sensor 48 Sec. posn: no data SENSOR No data is received from the

secondary positioning source No data is received from the secondary positioning source

No • Check secondary EPFS operation;

• Call service engineer 49 Sec. posn: no input SENSOR Secondary positioning source has

no connection or device switched off or wrong checksum

Secondary positioning source has no connection or device switched off

No • Check the EPFS operation and connection;

• Check that in EPFS checksum is switched on;

• Wrong checksum 50 Sec. posn invalid SENSOR The data received from

the secondary positioning source is invalid

The data received from the secondary positioning source is invalid


• Wrong checksum; • Call service engineer

51 Sec. COG/SOG invalid

SENSOR The COG/SOG data received from the secondary positioning source is invalidP

The COG/SOG data received from the secondary positioning source is invalid


• Wrong checksum; • Call service engineer

52 Sec. COG/SOG: no data

SENSOR No COG/SOG data is received from the secondary positioning source

No COG/SOG data is received from the secondary positioning source


• Call service engineer 53 Sec. Time error SENSOR The difference in reading time

received with coordinates and time message from secondary positioning system

Difference in reading time in coordinates and time message

Coordinate data reading as invalid. Change to another positioning sensor


54 Seetrac: MOB CHART Seetrac target with MOB status has been received

Seetrac: MOB Seetrac MOB target is indicated in blue colour

Acknowledge the alarm by pressing ALARM button on the Control panel


55 SOUNDER invalid SENSOR The data received from the depth source is invalid

The data received from the depth source is invalid

No • Check echo sounder operation;

• Call service engineer 56 SOUNDER: no data SENSOR No data from the depth source is

received No data from the depth source is received

No • Check echo sounder operation;

• Call service engineer 57 SOUNDER: no input SENSOR Depth source has no connection

or device switched off or wrong checksum

Depth source has no connection or device switched off

No • Check echo sounder operation and connection;

• Check that in SOUNDER checksum is switched on;

• Wrong checksum 58 Test alarm SENSOR Test alarm Test alarm No No

59 Timer went off SENSOR Time set on the timer, is over Time set on the timer, is over No Acknowledge the alarm by pressing ALARM button on the Control panel

60 Trigger failure RADAR-X-1, RADAR-S-1

The Radar receives no trigger data

The Radar receives no trigger from the scanner

No radar picture from X(S)-band radar

• Check the antenna rotation; • Check connection in HF box; • Check operation and

connection of the scanner 61 UPS: Bypass Workstation UPS works in bypass mode UPS works in bypass mode No

62 UPS: Emergency supply

Workstation UPS works from the internal emergency batteries

UPS works from the internal emergency batteries

No Check connection of the UPS to main 220 V switch board

63 UPS: Com port Workstation UPS lost connection to com port UPS lost connection to com port No • Check connection of the UPS to com port;

• Call service engineer 64 UPS: Low Battery Workstation UPS batteries discharged to 20 % UPS batteries discharged

to 20 % No • Check operation of the UPS;

• Call service engineer 65 WAGO failure Workstation Workstation does not receive

WAGO data Workstation does not receive WAGO data

No Check the WAGO module operation and connection

66 WP approach CHART The ship has approached a WP Dynamic alarm: The ship has approached a WP in “XX” min

No Acknowledge the alarm

NMEA ALARMS

No Alarm Description Source Explanation Hint INS automatic reaction Action

1 AIS: TX malfunction AIS Tx Malfunction alarm is generated if there is a malfunction in the radio transmitter hardware or if the antenna VSWR exceeds an allowed ratio. If the radio transmitter returns to normal operation or if VSWR returns to a value below the allowed threshold, the alarm is cleared

No AIS function inaccessible. AIS targets not displayed

Check AIS operation

2 AIS: Antenna VSWR exceeds limit

AIS The VSWR of the antenna is checked for every transmission and if it exceeds a given ratio then a VSWR alarm is generated. If the VSWR goes below the allowed threshold, the alarm is cleared

No No Check AIS operation

3 AIS: RX channel 1 malfunction

AIS The radio receivers are continuously monitored and if any part of the receivers hardware should malfunction, a Rx Malfunction alarm is generated for that receiver. If the radio receiver returns to normal operation, the alarm is cleared

No AIS function inaccessible Check AIS operation


AIS See above No AIS function inaccessible Check AIS operation


AIS See item 3 No AIS function inaccessible Check AIS operation

6 AIS: General failure AIS This alarm is generated if the transponder fails to initiate the radio. If this alarm occurs, contact your retailer

No AIS function inaccessible. AIS targets not displayed

Check AIS operation


7 AIS: MKD connection lost

AIS This alarm is active if the communication between the transponder and the display unit does not work. The alarm popup will appear if the display to transponder communication is lost and the transponder to display communication still works


8 AIS: external EPFS lost AIS This alarm is generated if the position from the external Electronic Position Fixing System is invalid (i.e. no external EPFS). Due to the fallback arrangement for the positioning sensor this alarm can be inactive up to 30 seconds (during which the internal EPFS is used) before the alarm is activated


9 AIS: no sensor position in use

AIS This alarm is active if the AIS system does not have a valid position (latitude/longitude) from any sensor


10 AIS: no valid SOG information

AIS These alarms are active if the AIS system does not have a valid SOG or a valid COG from any sensor. The SOG and COG is based on the speed log or the EPFS currently in use


11 AIS: Heading lost/ invalid

AIS This alarm is generated if either the heading information is lost/invalid (from external sensors) or if the heading is undefined



12 AIS: no valid ROT information

AIS This alarm is active if ROT (Rate Of Turn) is undefined or if no valid ROT information is available from external sensor or internal calculations


13 Alarm message from EPFS

POS X No No No Depends of alarm message

14 Alarm message from GYRO

GYRO X No No No Depends of alarm message

15 Alarm message from Magnetic compass

MAG X No No No Depends of alarm message

16 Alarm message from LOG

LOG X No No No Depends of alarm message

17 Alarm message from DLOG

DLOG X No No No Depends of alarm message

18 Alarm message from SOUNDER

DPTH X No No No Depends of alarm message

19 Alarm message from Navtex

NAVTEX No No No Depends of alarm message

WARNINGS LIST

No Warning Description Source Explanation Hint INS automatic reaction Action

1 95% AIS capacity Workstation Capacity of AIS targets is reached 243

95% of maximum AIS targets capacity is reached

No Acknowledge the warning

2 95% ARPA capacity Workstation Capacity of ARPA targets is reached 76

95% of maximum AIS targets capacity is reached

No Acknowledge the warning

3 Ag. monitoring off CHART As a set of chart is changed, there is no vector chart under the ship position, which means that there is no monitoring of danger to navigation

Monitoring of navigational dangers is not performed

No Load vector chart under the ship

4 Add Info Chart Full CHART User chart is 95% full User chart is 95% full No Save the user chart, then create a new user chart

5 Add Info Warning CHART User chart is 100% full. There is no possibility to add new object to the user chart

User chart is 100% full No Save the user chart, then create a new user chart

6 Ahead the schedule CHART The ship is ahead of the schedule loaded for monitoring

The ship is ahead of the schedule

No Check the ship position and motion parameters

7 AIS message CHART AIS message has been received AIS message received No Read the AIS message

8 AIS: CALL warning SENSOR In the AIS the ship call sign has changed to the set in the System Configuration utility

Ship call sign was changed in AIS

No Check the entered ship Call in the INS and AIS transponder

9 AIS: Name warning SENSOR In the AIS the ship name has changed to the set in the System Configuration utility”

Ship name was changed in the AIS

No Check the entered ship Name in the INS and AIS transponder

10 Anchor prohibited CHART The ship is going to cross “Anchor prohibited” area

Anchorage prohibited No Pay attention on the sailing area

11 Anchorage area CHART The ship is going to cross “Anchor area”

Anchorage area No Pay attention on the sailing area

12 Areas to be avoided CHART The ship is going to cross “Areas to be avoided”

Areas to be avoided No Pay attention on the sailing area


13 Aux. DLOG XX: no input

SENSOR Auxiliary speed source has no connection or device switched off or wrong checksum

Auxiliary speed source has no connection or device switched off

No • Check DLOG XX operation and connection;

• Check that in DLOG XX checksum is switched on;

• Wrong checksum 14 Aux. DLOG XX: SOG

invalid SENSOR SOG data received from

auxiliary speed source is invalid SOG data received from auxiliary speed source is invalid

No • Check auxiliary DLOG operation;

• Call service engineer 15 Aux. DLOG XX: SOG

no data SENSOR No SOG data is received from

auxiliary speed source No SOG data is received from auxiliary speed source


• Call service engineer 16 Aux. DLOG XX: STW

invalid SENSOR STW data received from

auxiliary speed source is invalid STW data received from auxiliary speed source invalid


• Call service engineer 17 Aux. DLOG XX: STW:

no data SENSOR No STW data is received from

auxiliary speed source No STW data received from auxiliary speed source


• Call service engineer 18 Aux. EPFS XX:

COG/SOG invalid SENSOR COG/SOG data received from

auxiliary positioning system is invalid

COG/SOG data received from auxiliary positioning system invalid

No • Check auxiliary positioning system operation;

• Call service engineer 19 Aux. EPFS XX:

COG/SOG no data SENSOR No COG/SOG data is received

from auxiliary positioning system No COG/SOG data received from auxiliary positioning system


• Call service engineer 20 Aux. EPFS XX invalid SENSOR Data received from auxiliary

positioning system is invalid Data received from auxiliary positioning system invalid


• Call service engineer 21 Aux. EPFS XX: no data SENSOR No data is received from

auxiliary positioning system No data is received from auxiliary positioning system




22 Aux. EPFS XX: no input

SENSOR Auxiliary DLOG has no connection or device switched off or wrong checksum

Auxiliary positioning system has no connection or device switched off

No • Check auxiliary positioning system operation and connection;

• Check that in EPFS XX checksum is switched on;

• Wrong checksum 23 Aux. GYRO XX: invalid SENSOR Heading data received from

auxiliary GYRO source is not passed plausibility check

Data received from auxiliary GYRO heading source is invalid

No • Check auxiliary GYRO system operation;

• Call service engineer 24 Aux. GYRO XX:

no data SENSOR No data is received from

auxiliary GYRO heading source No data received from auxiliary GYRO heading source

No • Check auxiliary GYRO system operation;

• Call service engineer 25 Aux. GYRO XX:

no input SENSOR Auxiliary GYRO heading source

has no connection or device switched off or wrong checksum

Auxiliary GYRO heading source has no connection or device switched off

No • Check GYRO XX operation and connection;

• Check that in GYRO XX checksum is switched on;

• Wrong checksum 26 Aux. LOG XX invalid SENSOR Speed data received from

auxiliary speed source is invalid Data received from auxiliary speed source invalid

No • Check auxiliary LOG operation;

• Call service engineer 27 Aux. LOG XX: no data SENSOR No speed data is received from

auxiliary speed source No STW data received from auxiliary speed source

No • Check auxiliary LOG operation;

• Call service engineer 28 Aux. LOG XX: no input SENSOR Auxiliary speed source has no


Auxiliary speed source has no connection or device switched off

No • Check auxiliary LOG operation and connection;

• Check that in LOG XX checksum is switched on

29 Aux. MAG XX: invalid SENSOR Magnetic heading data received from auxiliary magnetic heading source is not passed plausibility check

The data received from the auxiliary Magnetic heading source is invalid

No • Check auxiliary Magnetic compass operation;



30 Aux. MAG XX: no data SENSOR No data is received from the auxiliary magnetic heading source

No data is received from the auxiliary magnetic heading source

No • Check the Magnetic compass operation;

• Call service engineer 31 Aux: MAG XX: no input SENSOR No speed data is received from

auxiliary speed source Auxiliary magnetic heading source has no connection or device switched off or wrong checksum

Auxiliary magnetic heading source has no connection or device switched off

No • Check the Magnetic compass operation and connection;

• Check that in Magnetic compass XX checksum is switched on;

• Checksum wrong; • Call service engineer

32 Aux. SOUNDER XX invalid

SENSOR Data received from auxiliary depth source is invalid

Data received from auxiliary depth source is invalid

No • Check auxiliary Echo Sounder operation;

• Call service engineer 33 Aux. SOUNDER XX:

no data SENSOR No ROT data is received from

auxiliary depth source No depth data is received from auxiliary depth source

No • Check auxiliary Echo Sounder operation;

• Call service engineer 34 Aux. SOUNDER XX:

no input SENSOR Auxiliary depth source has no


Auxiliary depth source has no connection or device switched off

No • Check auxiliary Echo Sounder operation and connection;

• Check that in SOUNDER XX checksum is switched on

35 Behind the schedule CHART The ship is behind the schedule loaded for monitoring

The ship is behind the schedule No Check the ship position and motion parameters

36 Cable area CHART The ship is going to cross “Cable area”

Cable area No Pay attention on cable area

37 Cargo transship CHART The ship is going to cross “Cargo transship area”

Cargo transship area No Pay attention on “Cargo transship area”

38 Caution area CHART The ship is going to cross “Caution area”

Caution area No Pay attention on “Caution area”

39 Chart datum unknown CHART System of coordinates of the chart under the ship position is not identified (source paper chart datum is unknown) and coordinate offset has zero value

Chart datum unknown No Load another chart


40 Chart inaccessible RADAR Charts under the ship inaccessible due to absence of position

No charts under the ship Chart is being removed from the radar task

• Check chart positioning mode; • Switch chart positioning mode

to “ON” 41 Check Posn-HDG-STW SENSOR At the INS start DR positioning

mode is set Check Position-Heading-Speed No Check the ship position and

motion parameters

42 Danger line CHART The ship is going to cross the line marked as danger

Danger line No Pay attention on dangerous line

43 Dangerous scale Workstation – task

The scale of the chart displays on the screen is over 5 fixed points (respectively) lager then that of the paper original

The scale of the chart is over 5 fixed points lager then the paper original

No Set scale of the chart under the ship to original one

44 Deepwater route CHART The ship is going to cross “Deep water route”

Deepwater route No Pay attention to the “Deepwater route”

45 Disk full adjust save Workstation Free space on the hard disk for the recording of the radar picture has decreased to 100 MB

Free space on the hard disk decreased to 100 MB

No Change the radar picture recording parameters or free the hard disk

46 Disk full save reset Workstation Free space on the hard disk for the recording of the radar picture has decreased to 50 MB

Free space on the hard disk has decreased to 50 MB

No Change the radar picture recording parameters or free the hard disk

47 Dredged area CHART The ship is going to cross “Dredged area”

Dredged area No

48 Dumping ground CHART The ship is going to cross “Dumping ground area”

Dumping ground No Pay attention to the “Dumping ground” area

49 ENC data available CHART ENC chart is available under the ship’s position

Official ENC chart available under the ship’s position

No Load ENC chart

50 Echo reference loss SENSOR Loss of the radar target which served as a reference point in the ship positioning by the acquired ARPA objects

Echo reference point loss No Re-set the ER positioning method or set any other positioning method

51 End of Route CHART End of route loaded for monitoring

End of route loaded for monitoring

No Pay attention on the route under monitoring


52 End of watch CHART End of watch End of watch No Acknowledge the alarm by pressing ALARM button on the Control panel

53 Exl. econ. zone CHART The ship is going to cross “Exclusive economic zone”

Exclusive economic zone No Pay attention to the “Exclusive economic zone”

54 Explosive dumping CHART The ship is going to cross “Explosive dumping”

Explosive dumping No Pay attention to the “Explosive dumping”

55 Fairway CHART The ship is going to cross “Fairway area”

Fairway approaching No Pay attention to the “Fairway area”

56 Fishery zone CHART The ship is going to cross “Fishery zone”

Fishery zone No Pay attention to the “Fishery zone”

57 Fishing ground CHART The ship is going to cross “Fishing ground”

Fishing ground No Pay attention to the “Fishing ground”

58 Fishing prohibited CHART The ship is going to cross “Fishing prohibited” area

Fishing prohibited No Pay attention to the “Fishing prohibited”

59 Harbor limit CHART The ship is going to cross “Harbor limit” area

Harbor limit No Pay attention to the “Harbor limit” area

60 HCRF chart rescaled CHART If the scale of ARCS chart different from original scale

Scale of ARCS chart different from original scale

No Bring the scale of ARCS chart to original one. Press button “1:1” on ECDIS toolbar

61 HCRF image transform CHART The ARCS chart has been re-projected by the ECDIS to Mercator projection

The ARCS chart has been re-projected

No No

62 HCRF mode CHART ARCS (ARCS raster charts) mode has been chosen as prioritized one

ARCS charts mode switched ON

No Check mode priority in ECDIS/Charts panel

63 Heading Fallback SENSOR The source of heading has been changed to the reliable one

The source of heading changed Change the source of heading to previous one after operator confirmation

Check operational mode of the HDG sensors

64 Ice area CHART The ship is going to cross “Ice area”

Ice area No Pay attention to the “Ice area”


65 IMO No. changed SENSOR IMO number set in the System Configuration utility has been changed in the navigation system for the IMO number set in AIS transponder

AIS IMO number changed No Check the entered ship IMO No. in the INS and AIS transponder

66 Incineration area CHART The ship is going to cross “Incineration area”

Incineration area No Pay attention to the “Incineration area”

67 Inshore traffic zone CHART The ship is going to cross “Inshore traffic zone”

Inshore traffic zone No Pay attention to the “Inshore traffic zone”

68 Int. mar. boundary CHART The ship is going to cross “International maritime boundary”

Int. mar. boundary No Pay attention to the “The ship is going to cross”

69 Layers lost CHART Not all “Standard display” information layers are shown

Not all Standard display information layers shown

No Change the scale of the chart

70 Look up better chart CHART There is a lager scale chart available for the vessel position than that in use

Lager scale chart available for the vessel position

No Choose another chart

71 Lost AIS target Workstation AIS target is lost Lost AIS target No Acknowledge the warning

72 Lost stabilization RADAR RADAR task receives no data required for the selected stabilization mode

Lost of stabilization mode No • Switch to another data source; • Set another stabilization mode

73 Lost target Workstation Radar target is lost Lost target No Acknowledge the warning

74 Military area CHART The ship is going to cross “Military area”

Military practice area No Pay attention to the “Military area”

75 MMSI No. changed SENSOR MMSI number set in the System Configuration utility has been changed in the navigation system for the MMSI number set in AIS transponder

AIS MMSI number changed No Check the entered ship MMSI No. in the INS and AIS transponder

76 Nature reserve CHART The ship is going to cross “Nature reserve” area

Nature reserve No Pay attention to the “Nature reserve” area


77 Navtex polygon CHART The ship is going to cross “Navtex polygon” area

Navtex polygon No Pay attention to the “Navtex polygon” area

78 Network disconnected Workstation Loss of signal from the “Master” station at the “Slave” station

Loss of signal from the “Master” station

“Backup” station has automatically switched to “Master” mode

Check “Master” station operation

79 Network reconfig. Workstation Network connection with “Master” station restored

Network connection with “Master” station restored

“Backup” station has automatically switched to “Master” mode, and in the reverse direction when the signals is restored

Check “Master” station operation

80 No official chart Workstation Display of an electronic chart does not comply with S57 edition 3 format. Refer to proper paper chart

The electronic chart under the ship does not comply with official chart format

No Change to the official chart under the ship if any on ECDIS task

81 Non navigational chart CHART Transas format chart under the ship which could not be used for navigation for some reasons.

Transas format chart which could not be used for navigation

No Change to another chart under ship’s position

82 Not recom. scale Workstation – task

The scale of the chart displays on the screen is up to 5 or over 5 fixed points (respectively) lager then that of the paper original

The scale of the chart up to 5 fixed points lager then the paper original

No Set scale of the chart under the ship to original one.

83 Offshore prod. area CHART The ship is going to cross “Offshore production area”

Offshore production area No Pay attention to the “Offshore production area”

84 Pipeline area CHART The ship is going to cross “Pipeline area”

Pipeline area No Pay attention to the “Pipeline area”

85 Position Fallback SENSOR The source of position has been changed to the reliable one

The source of position changed Change the source of position to previous one after operator confirmation

Check operational mode of the positioning sensor

86 Precautionary area CHART The ship is going to cross “Precautionary area”

Precautionary area No Pay attention to the “Precautionary area”


87 Prim. diff. mode lost SENSOR Primary position source loss of differential positioning mode for a time interval longer than the set one

Loss of differential positioning mode for a time interval longer than the set one

Fall Back functionality switches automatically the source of position for alternative one with differentional mode

Check the ship’s position

88 Prohibited area CHART The ship is going to cross “Prohibited area”

Prohibited area No Pay attention to the “Prohibited area”

89 Quarant. anchorage CHART The ship is going to cross “Quarantine anchorage” area

Quarantine anchorage No Pay attention to the “Quarantine anchorage” area

90 Recomm. traffic lane CHART The ship is going to cross “Recommended traffic lane”

Recommended traffic lane No Pay attention to the “Recommended traffic lane”

91 Refernce point changed

SENSOR Change of reference point (conning position) due to loss of heading (see paragraph Consistent Common Reference System)

Change of reference point (conning position) due to loss of heading

Radar • Loss of stabilization; • Only Head Up, Relative motion mode

Check connection of Gyro

92 Restricted area CHART The ship is going to cross “Restricted area”

Restricted area No Pay attention to the “Restricted area”

93 Safe scale changed CHART Change of safety scale under the ship for monitoring of navigational dangers

“Safe scale set to <scale>” No Pay attention on the safety scale

94 Safety contour changed

CHART With a change of chart set under the ship position, the previously selected safety contour becomes unavailable on these charts

a. “approach time” = 0: “Crossing safety contour <contour value> on chart <chart name>”; b. “approach time” > 0: “Crossing safety contour <contour value> in less than <approach time> min. Chart <chart name>”

No Set a new safety contour value

95 Seaplane landing CHART The ship is going to cross “Seaplane landing” area

Seaplane landing area No Pay attention to the “Seaplane landing”


96 Sec. diff. mode lost SENSOR Secondary positioning source loss of differential positioning mode for a time interval longer than the set one

Loss of differential positioning mode for a time interval longer than the set one

No Check the ship position

97 SENC larger scale CHART There is the official chart of lager scale under the ship then used one

Official chart of lager scale under the ship available

No Select chart of lager scale

98 Sounder depth SENSOR The current depth from the echo sounder is smaller than the set value

“Depth under keel is less than <min sounder depth>”

No Pay attention to the sounder readings

99 Speed Fallback SENSOR The source of STW has been changed to the reliable one

The source of STW changed Change the source of speed to previous one after operator confirmation

Check operational mode of the speed sensor

100 Spoil ground CHART The ship is going to cross “Spoil ground” area

Spoil ground No Pay attention to the “Spoil ground”

101 Submarine transit CHART The ship is going to cross “Submarine transit” area

Submarine transit No Pay attention to the “Submarine transit”

102 Swept area CHART The ship is going to cross “Swept area”

Swept area No Pay attention to the “Swept area”

103 Temp. sensor invalid SENSOR The data received from the temperature sensor is invalid

The data received from the temperature sensor is invalid

No • Check the temperature sensor operation;

• Call service engineer 104 Temp. sensor: no data SENSOR No data is received from

the temperature sensor No data is received from the temperature sensor

No • Check the temperature sensor; • Operation; • Call service engineer

105 Temp. sensor: no input SENSOR Temperature sensor has no connection or device switched off

Temperature sensor has no connection or device switched off

No • Check the temperature sensor operation;

• Call service engineer 106 Territor. sea base CHART The ship is going to cross

“Territorial sea base” area Territorial sea base No Pay attention to the “Territorial

sea base”

107 Territorial sea CHART The ship is going to cross “Territorial sea” area

Territorial sea No Pay attention to the “Territorial sea”


108 Time zone changed CHART The ship time has changed Ship’s time has changed No Check that the ship time has been switched correctly

109 Traff. separ. zone CHART The ship is going to cross “Traffic separation zone” area

Traffic separation zone No Pay attention to the “Traffic separation zone”

110 Traffic SS crossing CHART The ship is going to cross “Traffic separation scheme crossing” area

Traffic separation scheme crossing

No Pay attention to the “Traffic separation scheme crossing”

111 Traffic SS roundabout CHART The ship is going to cross “Traffic separation scheme roundabout” area

Traffic separation scheme roundabout

No Pay attention to the “Traffic separation scheme roundabout”

112 True wind invalid SENSOR The data received from the wind sensor is invalid

The data received from the wind sensor or SDME or GYRO is invalid

No • Check operation of wind sensor;

• Call service engineer 113 Two-way traff. route CHART The ship is going to cross

“Two-way traffic route” area Two-way traffic route No Pay attention to the “Two-way

traffic route”

114 Unsurveyed area CHART The ship is going to cross “Unsurveyed area” area

Unsurveyed area No Pay attention to the “Unsurveyed area”

115 Wind sensor: no data SENSOR No data from the wind sensor is received

No data from the wind sensor is received

No • Check operation of wind sensor;

• Call service engineer 116 Wind sensor: no input SENSOR Wind sensor has no connection

or device switched off Wind sensor has no connection or device switched off.

No Check wind sensor operation and connection