ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Fistly, I wish to express my deep gratitude to all the concerned person without whose generous cooperation and coordination, it would have been very difficult for me to have a successful training experience in the organization. It would like to thank Mr. Batra, I wish to express my deep gratitude to all the concerned person without whose generous cooperation and coordination, it would have been very difficult for me to have a successful training experience in the organization.I am extremly greatful to the management of RAJASHTHAN RAJYA VIDYUT UTPADAN NIGAM LTD. (RPS POWER STATION) RAWATBHATA for giving me opportunity to pursue 45 days summer training in their reputed hydro plant . This provides me a wonderful and learning experience for me to go through this training .Finally , I would like to thanks all those colleaguea who help me out of intensify me technical knowledge and provide satisfactory solution to my all queries. for giving me a golden opportunity of industrial training, which would help me to enhance my technical skill and helps me a lot besides same technical skill .

INDEX

Introduction Basic principle and methods of electric generation General description Selection of site Major elements Power transformer Electricity Generation Electrical System SF6 Gas Circuit breakers Fire Protection System

INTRODUCTION

The rana pratap sagar dam (hydel power plant) is a part of chambal project. There are three hydroelectric power statio. First gandhi sagar (1x27, 4x23 MW), and second Rawatbhata Rana Pratap Sagar (4x43MW), and third one at Jawahar Sagar (3x33MW).RPS is balancing reservoir between G.S. upstream and J.S. on downstream this is followed by kota barrage and water diverted from it extensively used for irrgation purpose in part of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. The hydroelectric power station located at the downstream of RPS dam on chambal river.The RPS dam constructed between 1965 to 1968 and dedicated to nation by former prime minister late smt. Indra Gandhi. There are four dams in cascade on chambal river in stretch of 70KM as riverbed drops by about 120m b/w Ghandhi Sagar Kota. Kota Thermal power station of 1060 MW is located at upstream of kota barrage.This dam is used for both irrigation and generation of electricity. The total length is about 1Km and 25 Feet wide.RPS hydro power plant is consists of four unit of each 43MW . This plant serves electricity kota, bilwara, and Gandhi Sagar.The generated voltage is 11KV and transmission voltage 132 KV at the discharge water side tunnel is constructed for rising the effective head of water.RANA PRATAP SAGAR, consist of four vertical type generator build specification no GS/2/1962,CANEDIAN GENERAL ELECTRIC EN-160780 parts list 117L456 the direct connected exciter are build by CANEDIAN GENERAL ELECTRIC EN-101213 these machines are designed in accordance with ASA standard specifiication british standard.

BASIC PRINCIPLE AND METHODS OF ELECTRIC GENERATIONBASIC PRINCIPLE:When a closed coil is rotated rapidly in a strong magnetic field, the numberof magnetic flux lines passing the coil changes continuously. Hence anEMF is induced in the coil and the current flows in it. In fact themechanical energy expended in rotating the coil appears as electricalenergy ( current) in the coil.There are different types of methods or systems by which electricity isproduced such as:(1) Hydel electric power station- water turbine

(2) Thermal power station-steam turbine

(3) Nuclear power station-steam turbine

(4) Gas power station-gas turbine (5) Solar power station

(6) Wind power station

TYPICAL HYDRO POWER INSTALLATIONAs shown schematically in fig 3.1, the hydraulic components of ahydropower installation consist of an intake, penstock, guide vanes ordistributor, turbine and draft tube. Trash racks are commonly provided toprevent ingestion of debris into the turbine. Intake usually required sometype of shape transition to match the passage way to the turbine and alsoincorporate a gate or some other means of stopping the flow in case of anemergency or for turbine maintenance. Some types of turbines are set in anopen flume; others are attached to a close conduit penstock.

OUTPUT SYSTEM:-Electricity is distributed in our country by a big and vast grid system. Thetotal grid of India is divided in to the five regions and distributing thepower through different load dispatch centers.Following are the regional grids-

Northern regional grid

Western regional grid

Southern regional grid

Eastern regional grid

North-East regional grid Rajasthan is connected to the Northern regional grid where as MadhyaPradesh is connected to the western regional grid.Northern region is the largest region among the five regions of the countryin terms of geographical area as well as the number of consumption.Following is the balance sheet of generation and load with their sources anddemands-Generation Demands Hydel 32% Agriculture 40% Thermal 55% Industrial 38% Gas 10% Domestic 22% Nuclear 3%About RPS

GENERAL DESCRIPTIONAt RPS HEPS, vertical turbine rotates at 125 rpm by the water velocity.Generator is directly coupled with the turbine, giving output of 43MW(e) at11KV voltage 50 Hz frequency. Output voltage is step up to 132 KV by thetransformer and transmitting to the Northern grid through several transmissionlines which are going to Bhilwara (2 No), Jawahar sagar (1No) and Gandhisagar (2No).The plant is operated and controlled from a centralized control room which ishaving all the information and parameters regarding different system of theplant and its equipments.Alarm systems are provide in C/R to take appropriate actions in case of anyabnormal operation and taking the action accordingly.A small diesel generator set of 300KW capacity providing the emergencypower supply to their plant equipments and being used for starting the units.The water after doing its work on the turbine, discharged in a fore bay formwhere it goes to the downstream of Chambal River through a big tunnel.

FUNCTION OF RANA PRATAPSAGAR HYDROELECTRIC POWER STATION To produce electricity as an active power of 4*43 MW(e) andsupplying it to Rajasthan through 7 lines of 132 kv.

Operates synchronous condenser for better voltage regulations of thegrids as and when required.

To provide dedicated power supply to the nearest Nuclear powerstation on priority basis whenever there is a problem in Northern gridfor starting of the plant and for maintaining auxiliary power supply oftheir plant in order to meet the safety norms of Nuclear Stations

To supply first power to the grid by the self-start in case of totalcollapsing of northern grid.

COST AND OPERATIONAL STATISTICS OF RPS HEPSThe total cost of RPS dam and power station was Rs 40.65crores out ofwhich Rs 14.74crores was spent for power station. All the equipments ofpower station were imported from Canada under Colombo Yojana.There are four units of 43 MW(e) each. First starting date of these units are-Unit Capacity Date of generationFirst 43MW 03.02.1968Second 43MW 26.06.1968Third 43MW 28.12.1969Fourth 43MW 24.05.1969FUNCTIONAL IMPORTANCEThis plant plays a most crucial role when there is a disturbance in the Northerngrid. When the grid fails this power station provides the startup power forrestoring the Northern grid. It also plays a major role in the routine times byproviding stability to the machines of Rawatbhata Atomic Power Plantcontributing to the stability of the grid.

SELECTION OF SITE

Selection of suitable site for hydroelectric plant. If a good system of naturalstorage lakes at high altitudes and with catchment can be located.The following factors should be considered.

Such power stations are build where there is adequate water be build atgood head i.e. huge quality of water is following across a given point.

Since storage of water in a suitable reservoir at 5 a height or building ofDam across the river is essential in order to have continuous & terminalsupply during the dry season.

Therefore, convenient accommodationforerection of a Dam or reservoir must be available.

The reservoir must have a large catchment area.

The land should be cheap in cost & rocky in order to withstand theweight of large building & heavy machinery.

Adequate transportation facilities must be available or there should bepossibility the same .So that the necessary equipment & machinerycould be easily transported.

There should be possibility of stream diversion, during period ofconstruction.

MAJOR ELEMENTS:

INSIDE A HYDRO-ELECTRIC PLANT level. The tunnel length is 4810 feet and average discharge through tunnel is14000 cufeet/sec.STORAGE RESERVOIR:-Its purpose is to store water during excess flow periods and supply the sameduring lean flow periods. Thus it helps in supplying water to the turbinesaccording to load of power plant. Live storage i.e.1.27 MAFT, the fullreservoir levels is 1162 feet.DAM:-The function of dam is not only to raise the water surface of the stream butalso to create an artificial head and to provide the poundage, storage or thefacility of diversion into conduits. A dam is the most expensive & importantpart of a hydro-project . this dams total length is about 1 Km 25 feet wide and total height of dam is 177 feet.FOREBAY:-A for bay may be considered as an enlarged body of water just above theintake to store water temporarily to meet the hourly load fluctuations.

TRASHRACK:-It is provided for preventing the debris form getting entry into the intakes fromthe fore bay. Manual cleaning or mechanical cleaning is used to remove thedebris from trash rack. Trash rack is made up of steel bars and it is placedacross the intake to prevent the debris form going into the intake.SPILWAY:-This is constructed to act as safety valve. It discharges the overflow water tothe down streamside when the reservoir is full. A condition mainly arisesduring floods periods. These are generally constructed of concrete andprovided with water discharge opening shut off by gates. There are 17 gatesused for discharge the overflow water. The size of each gate is 60X28 Feet.PENSTOCK:-It is closed conduct, which connected the fore bay or surge tank to the scrollcase of turbine. In case of medium heads power plants(like R.P.S)such unit isusually provided with its own penstock with its own penstock. Penstock isbuild of steel. The typical diameter of penstock is 20 feet.TAIL RACE:-The water after having done its useful worked in the turbine is discharged tothe tailrace, which may lead it to the same stream or to another one. The wateris discharge through a tunnel. The tunnel is raised the effective head of water level. The tunnel length is 4810 feet and average discharge through tunnel is14000 cufeet/secDRAFT TUBES:-An airtight diverging with cross-sectional area increasing along its length. It isan integral part of turbine. The inlet of draft tube is connected to the turbineand outlet is submerged deep into tailrace. The draft tube makes the turbinecapable of utilizing kinetic energy of the exit water. It also decreases thepressure at the runner exit to a value less than atmospheric pressure hence theworking head gets increased.HYDRAULIC TURBINE:-A hydraulic turbine is a mechanical device that converts the potential energyassociated with a difference in water elevation head into useful work. Modernhydraulic turbines are the result of many years of gradual development.Economic incentives has resulted in the development of very large units(exceeding 800 MW in capacity) with efficiencies that are sometimes in excessof 95%.The emphasis on the design and manufacture of very large turbines is shiftingto the production of smaller units, especially in developed nations, wheremuch of the potential for developing large-base load plants has been realized.At the same time, the escalation in the cost of energy has made many smaller.Sites economically feasible and has greatly expanded the market for smallerturbines. The increased value of energy also justifies the cost of refurbishmentand increasing the capacity of older facilities.

The RPS hydroelectric power plant is low head plant so FRANCISTURBINEis used. It is a reactor turbine and is suitable for low and medium head powerplant. Such turbines develop power partly due to velocity of water and partlydue to difference in pressure acting on the front and back of the runnerbuckets.Such a turbine essentially consists of guide apparatus. Consisting of an outerring of stationary blades are fixed to the casing of the turbine and an inner ringconsisting of rotating blades forming a runner. Number of blunders in a glideover the blades with a small and fairly constant velocity and exerts a pressure,varying form maximum at the top to a small value at the bottom. The waterflows radically inwards and changes to a downward direction while passingthrough the runner.As the water passes over the rotating blades of the runner, both pressure as avelocity of water are reduced causing a reaction force during the turbine. Afterdoing work, water is discharged to the tailrace through a closed tube ofincreasing cross section called the draft tube.The guide blades of the turbine are adjustable about the hinged point with the help of governing mechanism but dont rotate with the runner. The guide blades arranged in the casing around the runner, which give proper direction to water jets in such a way that the jet dont strike the runner vanes in opposite direction. TURBINE CLASSIFICATION:-There are two types of turbines, denoted as impulse and reaction. In animpulse turbine, the available head is converted to kinetic energy beforeentering the runner, the power available is extracted from the flow at approximately atmospheric pressure. In a reaction turbine, the runner iscompletely submerged head in the inlet to the turbine runner is typically lessthan 50% of the total head available.IMPULSE TURBINES:-Modern impulse units are generally of the pelton type and are restricted torelatively high head applications. One or more jets of water impinge on awheel containing many curved brackets.REACTION TURBINES:-Reaction turbines are classified according to the variation in the flow directionthrough the runner. In radial and mixed flow runners, the flow exists at aradius different than from the radius at the inlet. If the flow enters the runnerwith only radial and tangential components, it is a radial flow machine. Theflow enters a mixed flow runner with both radial and axial components.Francis turbines are of radial and mixed flow types, depending on the designspecific speed. A Francis turbine is illustrated in fig. The efficiency of francisturbine varies from 80% to 85%.

Turbine Specifications:-Francis Hydraulic Turbine

Level of Equipment

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POWER TRANSFORMERPower transformer is used for stepping up the voltage for transmission.Generally -Y connected power transformers are used. They are oil-immersedtransformer. The transformer connection is generally shown by vector group.The vector groups of power transformers of RPS power plant are Yd11.

TRANFORMER RATING

Cooling water:- Cooler -55000 KVA 109 GPM Cooler-60000 KVA 150 GPMGOVERNING SYSTEM:-In order to have electrical output if constant frequency it is necessary tomaintain speed of the alternation driver with the turbine constant. An operationof speed regulation is called the governing. It is attained automatically bymeans of a governor. The principle elements of the governor are- The speed responsive elements usually fly ball mechanism or speedgovernor Control value or rally value to the either side of servomotor piston Servomotor along with fluid pressure operates piston to activate theturbine control mechanism The restoring mechanism or follow up linkage to hold servomotor in therequired fixed position. When the input and output are equalized The fluid pressure supply require for the action of servomotor

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT:-

GeneratorThe generators used in hydro power plant are usually three phasesynchronous machines. The generators have the speed range of 70-1000RPM. Generators have either a vertical shaft arrangement or horizontalshaft arrangement. But the vertical shaft arrangement is preferred. Thegenerator cooling can be achieved by air circulation through the statorducts

Main components of generator:- Stator

The 396 slot stator is wound with diamond type coils containing fourwindings and connects 6 circuit wires with 6 main and 3 neutral leadsbrought out. Resistance between lines at 25 centigrade is 0.01348 ohms.Stator winding insulation is class b, the ground installation segment ofwhich is asphalt-mica.

Rotor:-

The field coils are lubricated strip wound, 27 turns per pole in class Binstallation. Resistance of the 48 posts field windings 0.196 ohms at 25centigrade.

Main bracket:-

All rotating parts in addition to hydraulic thrust are supported throughthe thrust bearing by the main bracket has 4 arms resting on the edge ofthe turbine pit. At the end of each bracket arms are mounted two units ofcounted brackets and jacks. Housing and cooler:-

Totally enclosed in an octagonal steel housing 38-1across flats, withtop flush with upper bracket arms. Approx. 120000CFM of ventilatingair passes through the rim and between passes through the stator andfinally through the air coolers before recycling. Air coolers are 8 inchmounted symmetrical around the machine.Maximum tested pressure is 10kg/cm square.

ELECTRICITY GENERATION

Figure:- Hydroelectric Power

HYDROELECTRIC POWER: HOW IT WORKS:-So just how do we get electricity from water? Actually, hydroelectric and coalfired power plants produce electricity in a similar way. In both cases a powersource is used to turn a propeller-like piece called a turbine, which then turns a metal shaft in an electric generator, which is the motor that produceselectricity. A coal-fired power plant uses steam to turn the turbine blades,where as a hydroelectric plant uses falling water to turn the turbine. The resultis the same.The theory is to build a dam on a large river that has a large drop in elevation.The dam stores lots of water behind it in the reservoir. Near the bottom of thedam wall there is the water intake. Gravity causes it to fall through thepenstock inside the dam. At the end of the penstock there is a turbine propeller,which is turned by the moving water. The shaft from the turbine goes up intothe generator, which produces the power. Power lines are connected to the

generator that carry electricity to your home and mines. The water continuespast the propeller through the tailrace into the river past the dam. By the way,it is not a good idea to be playing in the water right below a dam when water isreleased.A hydraulic turbine converts the energy of flowing water into mechanical energy. A hydro electric generator converts this mechanical energy intoelectricity.The operation of a generator is based on the principle discovered by Faraday.He found that when a magnet is moved past a conductor, it causes electricity toflow. In a large generator, electromagnets are made by circulating directcurrent through loops of wire wound around stacks of magnetic steellaminations. These are called field poles and it is mounted on the perimeter ofthe rotor. The ro is attached to the turbine shafts and rotates at a fixed speed.When the rotor turns, it causes the field poles (the electromagnets) to movepast the conductors mounted in the stator. This in turn causes the electricity to flow and a voltage to develop at the generator output terminals. Most hydroelectric power comes from the potential energy of dammed waterdriving a water turbine and generator. In this case the energy extracted fromthe water depends on the volume and on the difference in height between the source and the waters outflow. This height difference is called the head. The amount of potential energy in water is proportional to the head. To obtain veryhigh head, water for a hydraulic turbine may be run through a large pipe calleda penstock.Pumped storage hydroelectricity produces electricity to supply high peakdemands by moving water between reservoirs at different elevations. At thetimes of low electrical demand, excess generation capacity is used to pumpwater in to the higher reservoir. When there is higher demand, water isreleased back into the lower reservoir through the turbine. Pumped storage schemes currently provide the only commercially important means of largescale grid energy storage and improve the daily load factor of the generationsystem. Hydroelectric plants with no reservoir capacity are called run of theriver plant, since it is not possible to store the water. A tidal power plant makesuse of the daily rise and fall of water due to tides, such sources are highlypredictable and if conditions permit construction of reservoirs can also bedispatch able to generate power during high demand periods.Less common types of hydro schemes use waters kinetic energy orundammed sources such as undershot waterwheels.A simple formula for approximately electric power production at ahydroelectric plant is-

P =hrgk,Where,P is power in kilowattsh is height in metersr is flow rate in cubic meters per secondg is acceleration due to gravityk is a coefficient of efficiency ranging from 0 to 1Efficiency is often higher with larger and more modern turbines.Annual electric energy production depends on the available water supply. Insome installations the water flow rate can vary by a factor of 10:1 over thecourse of a year.

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ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

The generation of the electricity is at 11KV and transmitted on 132 KV. Thereare four transmission lines from the RPS power plant, two lines to Kota andother two to Bhilwara, two lines to Gandhi sagar and one industrial line.MAJOR ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT WITH THERESPECIFICATIONS:-ALTERNATOR:At the RPS hydel power plant vertical overhung type alternator is used, withone thrust and one guide bearing both located below the rotor. The alternatorused with Francis turbine of vertical configuration. The vertical generators atRPS are very low about 125 RPM so no. of poles are 48.ALTERNATOR RATING:

CURRENT TRANSFORMER:-These instrument transformers are connected in ac power circuits for leadingthe current coils of indicating and meeting (ammeters, watt meters, watt hourmeters) and protective relays.Thus the CT broadens the limit of measurements and maintain a watch overthe current flowing in the circuits and over the power load. In high voltageinstallations CT in addition to above also isolates the indicating and meteringinstruments fron high voltages. The CT basically consists of an iron core onwhich few turns of primary is directly installed of the power circuit and to thesecondary winding the indicating or metering instruments or relay isconnected. When the rated current of CT flows through its primary winding acurrent of 5 amperes will appears in its secondary winding. The primarywinding is usually single turn and the no. of turns on secondary depends uponthe power circuit current to be measured.The larger current to be secondary current is known as transformation ration ofCT. The CT are rated for voltage of the installations the rated current of theprimary and secondary winding and the accuracy class. The accuracy classindicates the limit of the errors in percentage of the rated turn ratio of the givencurrent transformer is available in the accuracy classes 0.5, 1.3 and 10.Basically CT is a step up transformer. It is a primary side current is high andsecondary side current is less than 5A, which is used for protection of meetingpurpose. Its primary is always connected in series.CURRENT TRANSFORMER RATING:-

POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER:-The potential transformers are employed for voltages above 380 volts to feedthe potential coils of indicating and metering instruments (voltmeters, wattmeter, watt hour meter) and relays. These transformers make the ordinary lowvoltages instruments suitable for measurement of high voltages and isolatethem from high voltages. The primary winding of the potential transformer isconnected to the main bus-bars of the switch gear installation and thesecondary winding various indicating and metering instruments and relays areconnected when the rated high voltage is applied the primary of PT. Thevoltage of 110 volts appears across the secondary winding. The ratio of therated primary voltage to rated secondary voltage is known as transformersratio.The potential transformers are rated for primary and secondary rated voltage,accuracy, class, no. of phases and system of cooling. Basically P.T.S are step down transformer. They are only used foe metering purpose. Its secondaryvoltage is about of 110 volts and these are connected in parallel with the line.

CIRCUIT BREAKER:-Circuit breakers are mechanical devices designed to close or open contactmembers, thus closing or opening an electrical circuit under normal orabnormal conditions. Circuit breakers are rated in terms of maximum voltage,no. of poles, frequency, maximum continuous current carrying capacity andmaximum momentary and 4 second current carrying capacity.The interruption or reparsing capacity of a circuit breaker is the maximumvalue of current which can be interrupted by it without any damage.The circuit breakers are classified on the basis of the medium used for arcextension.THE TYPES OF CIRCUIT BREAKERS- SF6 circuit breaker

Bulk oiled circuit breakers

Air blast circuit breakers

Vacuum circuit breakers

Minimum oil circuit breakers

Air circuit breakers

The circuit breakers are automatic switches, which can interrupt fault currents.The part of the circuit breakers connected in on phase is called the pole. AcircuitBreakers suitable for three phase is called the pole. A circuit breaker suitablefor three phase system is called a triple pole circuit breaker. Each pole of thecircuit breaker comprises one or more interrupters or arc extinguishingchambers. The interrupters are mounted on the support insulators. Theinterrupter encloses a set of fixed and moving contact. The moving contactscan be drawn spark by means of the circuit breakers given the necessaryenergy for opening and closing of contacts of the circuit breakers.The arc produced by the separation of current carrying contact is interruptedby a suitable medium and by adopting suitable techniques for arc extinctionmedium.

SF6 GAS CIRCUIT BREAKERSSulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is an excellent gaseous dielectric for high voltagepower applications. It has been used extensively in high voltage circuitbreakers and other switchgears employed by the power industry. Applicationsfor SF6 include gas insulated transmission lines and gas insulated powerdistributions. The combined electrical, physical, chemical and thermalproperties offer many advantages when used in power switchgears. Some ofthe outstanding properties of SF6 making it desirable to use in powerapplications are: Very high dielectric strength Very unique arc quenching ability Excellent thermal stability Good thermal conductivity

GENERAL INFORMATIONSF6 circuit breakers are equipped with separated poles each having its owngas. In all types of the circuit breakers, gas pressure is 2 bars( absolute 3 bars).Even if the pressure drops to 1 bar, there will be no change in the breakingproperties of the circuit breakers due to the superior features of SF6. Duringarcing, the circuit breakers maintains a relatively low pressure ( max 5-6 bars)inside the chamber and there will be no danger of explosion and s[pilling ofthe gas around. Any leakage from the chamber will not create a problem sinceSF6 can undergo considerable decomposition, in which some of the toxicproducts may stay inside the chamber in the form of the white dust.

If the poles are dismantled for maintenance, it needs special attention duringremoval of the parts of the pole. This type of maintenance should be carriedout only by the experts of the manufacturer.

OPERATION OF CIRCUIT BREAKER:-

In general, the circuit breakers consist of two main parts, the poles and themechanism. The poles consist of contact and arc-extinguishing devices. themechanism is the part to open or close the contacts in the poles at the sametime simultaneously . the closing and opening springs are the first charged. If close button is pressed the opening springs get charged while the contactsget closed. Thus, circuit breaker will be ready for opening. The mechanicaloperating cycle of the circuit breaker is used with re-closing relay. In thatcase, after the closing operation , the closing springs are charged by thedriving lever or by driving motor . thus, the circuit breaker will be ready foropening and re-closing.Elimsan breaker mechanism can perform 10,000 opening-closing operationswithout changing any component. The mechanical life of the circuit breaker isminimum 10,000 operations. However, it needs a periodical maintenancedepending on its environment. In ideal working condition s, lubrication once ayear or after every 1000 operations is sufficient. In dusty and dampenvironment, the mechanism should be lubricated once every 3-6 months orafter every 250-500 operations.The machine oil and grease with molybdenum must be used for lubricating.Owning to mechanisms capability of operating between -5C and +40C , itdoes not require a heater.AUXILARY SWITCH:-The auxiliary switch mounted on the circuit breakers has 12 contacts. One ofthem is for anti-pumping circuit, four of them are allocated for opening andclosing coils. The remaining 7 contacts are spare. Three of them are normallyopened and four are normally closed. When it is necessary, the no. of thecontacts can be increased.

RAPID AUTOMATIC RECLOSING:-The circuit breaker which opens due to a short circuit failure, can be re closedautomatically after a pre selected time by arc closing relay, assuming the faultis temporary. Thus, we avoid long time power loss in case of temporary shortcircuits. But, if the fault lasts after re-closure, the protection relay will trip toopen the circuit breakers again.When manual or motor drive is used, the circuit breaker will be ready to close.The closure can be actuated pressing the closing button located on the circuitbreaker. It is recommended to close it using remote control system for secureoperations. The opening can be performed either by opening button or remotecontrolled opening coil. In case of a fault, the relay signal actuates the openingcoil and circuit breaker opens. In addition, there is an anti-pumping relay forpreventing the re-closing and opening of the circuit breaker more than onecycle(O-C-O) and for preventing possible troubles created by remote closingbutton.COMMISSIONING:-The outer surface of epoxy insulating tubes o the poles are to be wiped outwith a clean and dry cloth. The wiring and connections of the auxiliary circuitare to be carefully examined. DC voltage should be checked to see whether itis suitable for coil and motor or not.

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

SMOKE DETECTOR SYSTEM:-Smoke detectors are provided at different areas of the plant, which will operateand generate an alarm in C/R in case of any fire in that area to take correctiveand timely action.MULTIFIRE SYSTEM:-All big transformers are protected by high velocity Multi-fireprojector erected about and above the equipments are required. The projectors arecoupled together on a pipe work system to an automatic deluge valve assemblyconsisting of strainer, isolating valve and a quick opening deluge valve forcontrol of the water supply.The automatic deluge valve is operated by means of a separate detector pipework system on which quartzoid bulbs are mounted filled with liquid of highexpansion coefficient.The detector system is charged with compressed air. In the event of a fire, oneor more of these bulbs will burst due to expansion of liquid and allowingcompressed air to escape from the pipe work. When the air pressure has fallenthe deluge valve opens and brings the multi-fire projectors to action and startswater supply spray on the equipments automatically and protect them fromfire.Alarming sound will generate the operation of the system to alert to staff totake further course of action.ISOLATOR:-Isolator are not equipped with a quenching device and therefore are not used toopen circuits carrying current, as the name implies solatores one portion of thecircuit from another and is not intended to be opened while current is flowing.Isolators must not be opened until the circuit is interrupted by some othermeans. If an isolator is opened carelessly when carrying a heavy current, theresulting arc could easily cause a flash over the earth. Thus may shatter thesupporting isolators and may even cause a fatal accident to the operator,particularly in high voltage circuits.EARTHING SWITCH:-Earthing switch is connected between the line conductor and the earth.Normally it is open when the line is disconnected, the earthing switch is closedso as to discharge the voltage trapped on the line capacitance to the earth.CONCLUSION

I am thankful to you entire RPS family for providing me this golden opportunity, which made me to learn a lot of valuable things. In our college, we are taught theoretical knowledge which is not sufficient to cope up in the industry. So here in RPS,I learn how production activities are coordinated. Here, I learnt the organizational behavior, which is a very important part of engineering education. I saw the various production activities which were just taught in the class room to us.Practical knowledge is entirely different from theoretical knowledge, so it is very necessary to gain practical aspect of technical knowledge. Here in RPS I learnt this think that is practical knowledge. Here I saw objectives could be achieved by the hard work of a group. It the hard work of RPS family, which made them the market leader in their field. It was a pleasure to see the RPS family member with such devotion. So again I think the entire RPS group for making me familiar with the practical aspect of knowledge.