TOWARDS A MORE SUSTAINABLE JAKARTA

Jakarta

25 July 2019

Vera Revina Sari

Deputy Assistant of The Governor of DKI Jakarta for Spatial Planning

Profile of Jakarta

Issues of Jakarta

Jakarta’s Efforts

JAKARTA Capital City of Indonesia

The Most Densely Populated

Province in Indonesia

15.68 thousand inhabitants/km2

The centre of Indonesia economic activities

with GDP of approx.

Rp. 83 Trillion (~USD 5.8 Billion)

Statistics:

• Land to Sea Area Ratio : 1:10 (662 Km2 Vs 6,998 Km2)

• Population : 10.2 M people

• Total Traffic : 47.5 M/day

• Height Above Sea Level : 7 meters

West

Jakarta

City

Central

Jakarta

City

South

Jakarta

City

North

Jakarta City

East

Jakarta

City

Seribu Islands Regency

Profile of Jakarta

PROVINCE

Jakarta is surrounded by at least 5

municipalities led by Mayor or Regent, and

2 Provinces led by Governor

JAKARTA As a Metropolitan City

Profile of Jakarta

“Jakarta is one among other delta cities that

is exposed to risk of sea level rise and land

subsidence (some areas of Jakarta is

sinking up to 20 cm/year). Jakarta is even

considered as one of most vulnerable cities

impacted by climate change (EEPSEA, 2009)

Sinking City & Sea Level Rise

Issues of Jakarta #1

Source : https://www.idrc.ca/sites/default/files/sp/Documents%20EN/climate-change-vulnerability-mapping-sa.pdf)”

Housing Provision

Issues of Jakarta #2

• 49.89% of households in Jakarta do not own a

house (Economic and Social Census, 2017).

• In 2015, Jakarta has housing backlog of approx.

302,319 units.

• The provision of affordable housing does not

reach the target groups effectively.

• low-income communities are forced to live in

improper homes that form slums on illegal land

such as riverbanks.

Clean Water, Sanitation, & Waste

Issues of Jakarta #3

“In 2017, Jakarta

produces 7147

tons of waste per

day and 10% goes

untreated (Jakarta

Environmental

Agency, 2017)”

“Waste Water

service coverage

is still at the rate

of 4-5% (PD PAL

Jaya, 2018).”

“Clean water for

Jakarta is 97% supplied

by water sources from

outside Jakarta and

clean water provision

only serve 60% of the

city (PAM Jaya, 2018).”

“In 2017, At 90 survey

points of 20 rivers in

Jakarta, 12% is lightly

polluted, 17% is

moderately polluted, and

61% is heavily polluted

(Jakarta Environmental

Agency, 2018).”

Air Pollution

In 2018, The “good air quality day” in Jakarta decreased to 11 days from the original 43 days in

2017. while the “bad air quality day” increased to 27 days from 0 days in 2017.

Issues of Jakarta #4

“In 2017, Jabodetabek has approximately 2 million commuters come to Jakarta everyday with total number of trips more than 47 million in the whole metropolitan. Out of these 47 million trips, 30% are using public transportation and the rest rely on private vehicles (BPTJ, 2018).”

“Newly finished MRT Jakarta that will be operated for the first time on March 2019 has 16 km operation length, while we need not less than 200 km to break Jakarta congestion.

(Vice President of Indonesia, Jusuf Kalla, 2019).“

Public Transportation and Connectivity

Issues of Jakarta #5

Jakarta’s

Efforts

Housing Provision: a. Zero Down Payment Program for the middle income Provides soft loan to help

the middle income pay the down payment for buying a house. Instead of

borrowing money from informal lender, the house buyers can process the

transaction with the developers.

b. Slums Upgrading through Community Action Plan Collaboration with NGO and

communities to plan the upgrading of their area.

c. Rental Public Apartment Builds public apartments and gives subsidized rental

fee for people living in illegal settlements.

d. Jakarta Provincial Government gives Floor Area Ratio (FAR) bonus to developers in

return for public facilities and infrastructures such as affordable housing.

e. Ministry of Public Works and Housing regulates that every commercial apartment

developers have an obligation to build public housing no less than 20% of total

building floor area.

Land Subsidence and Sea Level Rise:

a. Restriction of utilizing water from deep well.

b. Realization of green building initiative to reduce water consumption Governor

decree on green building stated that new buildings need to comply with certain

specifications.

c. Construction of seawall along the northern coastline of Jakarta by Ministry of

Public Works and Housing.

Transportation and Connectivity:

a. Expansion of mass transport network through the construction of MRT, LRT, and

Bus routes.

b. Subsidy Jakarta subsidizes BRT operational cost for routes reaching its

surrounding municipalities through “Low-fare BRT policy” that costs only Rp 3.500

or only USD 0.25/trip (same cost as trip within Jakarta)

Air Quality:

a. Provision of soot-free urban bus fleet in Jakarta. In June 2019, Jakarta’s electric

bus fleet has been launched, and it is currently in trial stage for 6 months.]

b. Motorised vehicle emission test vehicles that emits large number of carbon

emission will be banned

Jakarta’s

Efforts

Clean Water, Sanitation, and Waste:

a. River naturalization and dredging.

b. Provision of communal waste water treatment plan, especially for slum and

kampong area close to riverbanks.

c. Provision of Intermediate Treatment Facility (Waste to Energy Facility) in several of

Jakarta’s Dumpsite.

d. Contributing on environmental services with surrounding municipalities For

example, Jakarta grants funds of USD 2.7 million/year for Depok City to normalize

and clean some water catchments (lakes).

TERIMA KASIH

13

LAMPIRAN

Governance Issue: Working In Silo

“Functional fragmentation among city departments has been a critical public administration problem and so does

in Jakarta.”

There is a need for a platforms that can bound all stakeholders with the spirit of collaboration and commitment for

improvement

They work separately

=

Incomprehensive Solution No coordination

+

Governance Issue: Fragmented Governance

From City to Metropolitan Issues: Jakarta is surrounded by at least 5 municipalities led by Mayor or Regent, and 2

Provinces led by Governor

If the degree of cross-boundary problems is so high, aren’t we suppose to think about metropolitan strategy??

PROVINCE

PROVINCE

5 Jakarta

Metropolitan’s

Major

Problems

~ 7 thousand tons waste

production per day

18,7 million motor

vehicles contribute to air

pollution in Jakarta

97% Clean water for

Jakarta is supplied by

water sources from

outside Jakarta

Limited Water, rivers

within Jakarta are very

polluted 35 millions E-Coli

per 100 cc water

land subsidence around

North Jakarta with the

maximum 25cm in 2014-

2017

The city government as a collaborator.

Citizens as co-creators.

4 LEVELS OF

CITY EVOLUTION

The city government as an administrator.

Citizens as residents.

The city government as a service

provider. Citizens as consumers.

The city government as a facilitator.

Citizens as participants.

CITY

CITY

CITY

CITY

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

Collaborative Approach: Jakarta 4.0

BKSP

(Metropolitan Coordination Body)

Environmental Services Transit Governance

BPTJ

(Authority for Metropolitan Transportation Management)

1. In 2015, Jakarta has granted funds of USD 4.5

million for South Tangerang City to revitalize one

of BRT terminal.

2. Jakarta administration subsidizes BRT

operational cost for routes reaching its

surrounding municipalities through “Low-fare BRT

policy” that costs only Rp 3.500 or only USD

0.25/trip (same cost as trip within Jakarta)

3. In 2018, surrounding municipalities together with

Jakarta administration plan BRT’s route

expansion.

4. Along with BPTJ and Central Government, local

governments in Jabodetabek are committed to

achieve 2029 Jabodetabek’s connectivity and

mobility Improvement target

1. Jakarta has granted funds for Bekasi up to

USD 29 million/year for landfill management.

2. Jakarta grants funds of USD 520,000/year for

Bogor Regency to clean up the rivers maintain

water catchments (dams).

3. Jakarta grants funds of USD 2.7 million/year

for Depok City to normalize and clean some

water catchments (lakes)

4. Jakarta grants funds of USD 1.75 million/year

for Tangerang Regency to normalize some

rivers

“Data taken from Head of Government Affairs of Jakarta Provincial Government, Premi Lasari, 2018.”

Current Approaches & Efforts

Issues of Jakarta #6

Other various stresses and shocks

Riot Drought

Food

Security

Man Made

Disaster

• High segregation between residential

and commercial uses

• Land use and transportation are not

integrated

• Inefficient use of city space

• High dependency to automobiles

• Lack of Green Open space

• Traffic jam

• Urban Sprawl

Uncontrollable

Carbon Emission

Spatial Structure and Pattern

Until recently, Jakarta has not incorporated low-carbon scheme in its spatial

planning …

Problems Created

Old Paradigm of jakarta’s Spatial Planning

Integration of

Land Use and

Transportation

Commitment to

Improve Quantity and

Quality of Green Open

Space

Mixed Use Planning

Transit Oriented Development

30% Green Open Space Distribution of Centers

No conversion to built area

Utilization of wall and roof

• New Zoning Regulation

• Various Incentive and

Disincentive Scheme

Planning Development Control

• Building Coverage

• Floor Area Ratio

• Green Coverage

• Minimum Lot Requirement

• Permitted and Conditional Use

Matrix

NEW CONCEPT IN JAKARTA SPATIAL MANAGEMENT