title slide introducing ptig tech...

IWCE 2015, Las Vegas, NevadaMarch 16, 2015

Presented by:

PTIG - The Project 25 Technology Interest Groupwww.project25.org – Booth 1853

Project 25 College of Technology

© 2015 PTIG

Security Services Update &Vocoder & Range Improvements

Bill JankyDirector, System Design

Sponsored by:

http://www.project25.org/

© 2015 PTIG2

PTIG - Project 25 Technology Interest Group IWCE 2015

Agenda

• Overview of P25 Security Services

- Confidentiality

- Integrity

- Key Management

• Current status of P25 security standards

- Updates to existing services

- New services

© 2015 PTIG3


I tell Fearless Leader we broke code. Moose and

Squirrel are finished!

© 2015 PTIG4


Why do we need security?

• Protecting information from security threats has become a vital function within LMR systems

• What’s a threat? Threats are actions that a hypothetical adversary might take to affect some aspect of your system. Examples:

– Message interception

– Message replay

– Spoofing

– Misdirection

– Jamming / Denial of Service

– Traffic analysis

– Subscriber duplication

– Theft of service

© 2015 PTIG5


What P25 has for you…

• The TIA-102 standard provides several standardized security services that have been adopted for implementation in P25 systems.

• These security services may be used to provide security of information transferred across FDMA or TDMA P25 radio systems.

Note: Most of the security services are optional and

users must consider that when making procurements

© 2015 PTIG6


The usual suspects…

• P25 provides

– Confidentiality

• Payload (i.e. voice and data) encryption

• Link layer encryption

– Integrity

• User authentication

• Message authentication

– Key Management

• Manual key loading and over-the-air rekeying

Message interception,traffic analysis

Message replay, spoofing, misdirection, denial of service, theft

of service, subscriber duplication

Facilitates Confidentiality and Integrity

© 2015 PTIG7


Confidentiality

• The confidentiality services are provided to ensure that the signaling information, the voice traffic and the data traffic are understandable only to the intended recipient(s).– Encryption/decryption is the way to achieve confidentiality

• Confidentiality service for end-to-end encryption is typically done at the subscriber unit, console and data hosts.

• Confidentiality services are built into the P25 protocols.

If you don’t want somebody to hear you, or see

your data, you need to use encryption.

© 2015 PTIG8


Eenie meenie chili beanie

Hokey smoke!

Thanks for sharing!

Hey, Rocky, watch me pull a rabbit

outta my hat.

3^@(*@9 )#2R)7(#Q#85r%$92

Again?

Confidentiality, or not…

© 2015 PTIG9


On my way to Frostbite Falls

Is that in Florida?

One thing to note…

3^@(* Group ID @9 )#2R)7(# User

ID Q#85r%$92

Protection of “IDs” is a major

focus area in TIA-102

© 2015 PTIG10


Of course I trust you, Dahlink…

Integrity, or not

© 2015 PTIG11


Integrity

• Messages

– A more sophisticated adversary may have the capability to not only record and replay messages, but to alter them as well. Message authentication guarantees that the received message was the one originally sent.

– The addition of air interface encryption makes message modification more difficult (e.g. sharing of secret keys), but doesn’t eliminate the possibility.

• Message Authentication Codes (MAC) are required to guarantee message and sender integrity.

• Users

– An adversary may “pose” as a real user or as a real system.

– Link Layer (i.e. User) Authentication, LLA, guarantees that everybody is who they say they are.

• Integrity services are built into the P25 protocols.

If you don’t want somebody to fake your data or

your identity, you need authentication services.

© 2015 PTIG12


Here comes a new key

Thank you, ummm, Rocky?

Here comes a new key

Thanks Rocky!

Message Authentication

Boris

© 2015 PTIG13


Hi, this is Steve Nichols

User Authentication

Phooey! Foiled again!

Really? OK, do a calculation for

me.

© 2015 PTIG14


Key Management• The Confidentiality, Integrity and Authentication

services rely on cryptographic keys.

• Cryptographic key management encompasses every stage in the life cycle of a cryptographic key, including:

• generation, distribution, entry, use, storage, destruction and archiving

• P25 provides two ways to help manage keys – manual and OTAR.

Managing keys requires you to have some internal

procedures to combine with P25 standard procedures.

© 2015 PTIG15


P25 Key Management Techniques

Key Fill

Device

Radio

Programmer

Keys

Bindings (e.g. TG -> Key)

Manual Keying

• Radio “touched” to program Keys

and key bindings.

• Compromised radio compromises

keys; requires rekeying of fleet

Key Fill

Device

KMFKEK Selection,

New Traffic Keys,

New UKEKs

OTAR

• Radio “touched” for UKEK

• Rekeying can be performed over

the air because each radio has its

own UKEK.

• Key Management Facility (KMF)

needs to be secure

• Message authentication and

Encryption employed

Key Encryption Keys (KEK)

© 2015 PTIG16


P25 SECURITY STATUS

© 2015 PTIG17


Security Services Evolution

• 1998– End-to-End Voice Encryption – Data CAI Encryption– DES Encryption– OTAR– Multiple Keys – Subscriber Validation

• 2005– 3DES Encryption– AES Encryption

• 2011– Subscriber and FNE Authentication– Inter-KMF Interface

• 2014+– OTAR overhaul– KFD to SU/KMF/AF interface– Link-Layer Encryption (Anti-Analysis)

© 2015 PTIG18


What’s new, what’s coming

• Update to P25 Key Fill Interface (TIA-102.AACD-A)– Published in Sept. 2014. Available on TIA Global IHS site.

• OTAR Messages and Procedures (TIA-102.AACA-A)– Published in September 2014.

• Security Services Overview Addendum (TIA-102.AAAB-A-1)– Overview of the current encryption and key management architectures for

voice, data, subscriber authentication, and air interface encryption.– Also published in September 2014. Describes additions/deletions/

modifications to TIA-102.AAAB-A.

• KMF/AF to KFD interface – New– Revised draft in progress and projected to be ready for review at the June

2015 TIA meetings

• OTAR Interoperability Test Update– Drafting is in progress

© 2015 PTIG19


What’s new, what’s coming (cont)

• Link Layer Encryption standard – New (…required by Fearless Leader)

– LLE provides confidentiality and replay protection for IDs and control messages

• Note: LLE is NOT a substitute for end-to-end encryption

– Requirements reviewed and agreed to. LLE SSO/ Architecture document ETG 14-024-R05 is in review with agreements on many key architecture concepts.

• Currently the Key Management section is in active review.

– Work Plan has been formulated with preliminary assignments for drafting standards and updates to existing standards.

– Changes to existing standards partially complete; awaiting completion of LLE SSO:

• FDMA CAI TIA-102.BAAA

• TDMA MAC TIA-102.BBAC

• Trunking Formats (TSBKs/ MBTs) TIA-102.AABB

• Others as needed

Security standards continue to evolve in P25…

© 2015 PTIG20


Summary• If you don’t want unauthorized people to hear you, or see your data, you need to

use encryption

• If you don’t want bad guys to fake your data or your identity, you need to use authentication services.

• Managing encryption and authentication keys requires you to have some internal procedures to combine with P25 standard procedures.

• The users and manufacturers participating in TIA-102 (P25) standardization are continuing to work to improve security services and add new features.

• System security factors affect mutual aid and interoperability. A sub-set of specific features can be defined as minimum required for mutual aid.

• Finally: Remember that most of the security, encryption, and voice protection features in P25 are optional, not mandatory, and users must consider that when making procurements

– Encryption capabilities are not used by all, but are part of the features in the P25 Guide

© 2015 PTIG21


VOCODER & RANGE IMPROVEMENTS

© 2015 PTIG22


Agenda

• Vocoder Improvements:

– Dual Rate for 12.5 kHz FDMA and 2:1 TDMA to improve spectrum efficiency

– Audio Quality and Noise Reduction for noisy environments

– Soft Decision error correction for 1.5 dB improvement

– Tone Signals: DTMF / Knox / Single Tone

• Range Improvements:

– Analog to Digital

© 2015 PTIG23


Vocoder Improvement: Dual Rate

• Full Rate: 7.2 kbps vocoder rate– FDMA operation in 12.5 kHz channels

– Original P25 standard, selected in 1992

– Half Rate: 3.6 kbps vocoder rate– 2:1 TDMA operation in 12.5 kHz channels

– New mode introduced in the standard in 2009

– Equivalent to 6.25 kHz spectrum efficiency

• Audio quality is effectively unchanged between full rate and half rate

– PESQ Scores (MOS-LQO): Full Rate = 2.98, Half Rate = 2.80, D = 0.18

12

12

1

© 2015 PTIG24


Source: http://www.dvsinc.com/papers/eval_results.htm

Audio Quality Test ResultsMean Opinion Score (MOS) Testing

v2

http://www.dvsinc.com/papers/eval_results.htm

© 2015 PTIG25


Interoperability Maintained

• FDMA operation (full rate) remains fully interoperable with legacy equipment.

• TDMA operation (half rate) available for spectrum efficiency.

• Subscriber radios can support both rates for direct interoperability on the air interface.

• Parametric rate conversion 7.2 kbps 3.6 kbps is provided by the standard for some interoperability cases (i.e. transcoding).

© 2015 PTIG26


Audio Quality

• Audio Quality Measurement Technologies– MOS Test: subjective test used for Conformance Test Standard

(TIA-102.BABB)– PESQ Test: objective test used for Performance Test Standard

(TIA-102.BABG)• Performance Test also measures noise reduction

– DAQ: used in coverage evaluation– BER: used to measure sensitivity

• DAQ (Delivered Audio Quality) applies to both analog and digital audio– DAQ values are given in TSB-88.1-D– DAQ 3.0 17 dBS analog 2.6% BER P25 FDMA– DAQ 3.4 20 dBS analog 2.0% BER P25 FDMA– DAQ 4.0 25 dBS analog 1.0% BER P25 FDMA

© 2015 PTIG27


Noise Reduction

• Vocoder speech processing– Evaluate speech pitch– Filter noise not correlated to pitch– Digitize the speech correlated to pitch

• Noise can be reduced 25 dB in some cases. In most cases noise is reduced at least 10 dB.

• Vocoder Performance Test standard measures noise reduction for 15 noises including vehicles (car, boat, helicopter, fire truck), sirens, alarms (PASS and Low Air), crowds, saws, water pumps, fog nozzle, and pink noise.

• Some vendors also implement noise cancellation in the radio microphone.

• Noise reduction improves audio quality in mission critical situations.

Speech Noise

Filter

Pitch

Digitize

Noise

Speech

© 2015 PTIG28


Soft Decision Error Correcting Codes

• Digital information is transmitted as bits.

• Error correcting codes correct bit errors.– Vocoder uses Golay and Hamming codes.

– Hard Decision decoder: receiver quantizes bits to 0/1 binary values and then corrects bit errors.

– Soft Decision decoder: receiver processes bits as continuous values in 0..1 interval, to find best code word fit. Then the entire code word is selected.

• Soft decision error correction added to the standard in 2009. Corrects up to twice as many bit errors.

• Improvement of 1.5 dB with soft decisions in fading.

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Pro

bab

ility

of

Failu

re

Eb/No dB

Soft and Hard Decision Decoder Performance

1.5 dB

© 2015 PTIG29


Tone Signals

• Vocoder transparently encodes and decodes tones– Telephone tone signals:

• DTMF (digits 0..9,*,#,A..D) and call progress tones

– Knox box tone signals • digits 0..9,*,#,A..D• Sometimes used for fire protection systems.

– Single tone signals – sometimes used for paging.

• Tones are encoded to interoperate with existing P25 vocoders• Encoder requires version 1.6 of the vocoder (2009), or

later.

© 2015 PTIG30


Range Improvements

• DAQ 3.4 Audio Quality• Equivalent to 20 dB SINAD for analog or 2%

BER for P25 (C4FM). Faded channels.

• For an accurate comparison a coverage analysis should be conducted, from the same sites, same parameters, and same reliability.

Type ENBW

(kHz)

Noise

Floor

(dBm)

Cf / (I+N)

dB

Sensitivity

dBm

Delta dB

12.5 kHz Analog

7.8 -122.9 26.0 -96.9 0.0

25 kHz Analog

16 -119.8 20.0 -99.8 2.9

P25 (C4FM)

5.5 -124.4 17.7 -106.7 9.8

P25 TDMA

6.0 -124.0 16.4 -107.6 10.7

Notes:

- Downlink only

- ENBW from TSB-88.1-D Table 6

- Cf/(I+N) from TSB-88.1-D Table A 1

- TDMA uses soft decision technology

P25 (C4FM)

Analog

12.5 kHz

25 kHz

P25 TDMA

© 2015 PTIG31


Coverage Improvement Example

© 2015 PTIG32


Conclusion

• Vocoder Improvements:– Improved Spectrum Efficiency with Dual Rates for FDMA and 2:1

TDMA• Maintained backward compatibility and interoperability with standard• Operates in bands with FCC regulations requiring 6.25kHz efficiency

– Improved Audio Quality with Noise Reduction for noisy environments

– Soft Decision error correction for 1.5 dB improvement– Tone Signals: DTMF / Knox / Single Tone– More information:

• http://www.project25.org/images/stories/ptig/Vocoder_White_Paper_v3.pdf

• Range Comparison:– P25 is about 7+ dB better than 25 kHz analog (DAQ 3.4)

http://www.project25.org/images/stories/ptig/Vocoder_White_Paper_v3.pdf

© 2015 PTIG33


Abbreviations

• BER – Bit Error Rate• C4FM – Compatible 4-level FM• DAQ – Delivered Audio Quality• dB – Decibel• dBm – Decibel milliwatt• dBS – Decibel SINAD• DTMF – Dual Tone Multi-

Frequency• FDMA – Frequency Division

Multiple Access• LQO – Listening Quality

Objective

• MOS – Mean Opinion Score• P25 – Project 25• PASS – Personal Alert Safety

System• PESQ – Perceptual Evaluation

of Speech Quality• SINAD – Signal Noise and

Distortion• TDMA – Time Division Multiple

Access• TIA – Telecommunications

Industry Association• TSB – Telecommunications

Systems Bulletin

© 2015 PTIG34


Thank You!

Bill JankyDirector, System Design

email: [email protected]

Sponsored by:

Presented by:PTIG - The Project 25 Technology Interest Group

www.project25.org – Booth 1853


Presented by:



© 2015 PTIG

PS LTE Broadband and Project 25Use Cases & Standards View

Cynthia Wenzel Cole, CTOChris Wilson, Senior Technologist

Sponsored by:

v10


© 2015 PTIG36


• Introduction to Public Safety LTE

• P25 + PS LTE Use Cases– Assumptions

– Coverage

– Resilience

– Interoperability

• Public Safety Broadband Standards Update

• Status of Public Safety Features in 3GPP

• Engaged Organizations

Topics

V4

© 2015 PTIG37


• The NPSBN is defined as a single, nationwide Public Safety LTE (PS LTE) network, based upon the global 3GPP standard

• FirstNet is the independent authority created by Congress to govern and manage the NPSBN

• FirstNet pledges to build the FNN to meet the needs of Public Safety users

• Congress1 allocated $7.1B in funding– AWS spectrum auction grossed almost $45 Billion– Will be a self-sustaining, fee-based network which will leverage

tribal, state and local government assets

• FirstNet was allocated 20MHz of spectrum nationwide in the 700MHz band.– FirstNet is the nationwide FCC License holder

1 Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012.

Public Safety LTE - Intro

© 2015 PTIG38


Intelligent inter-systems interface(s)

Use Case Assumptions

Multiple Band P25Multiple Independent Networks

Multiple Layers of PS System Coverage

Band 14 PSLTESingle, Resilient Network

Single Layer of PS

Vd

Dv

+

Networks are connected but independent

FN

P25

P25 Systems

VHF

UHF

700/800

FirstNet Network

B14 PS LTE

v4

VOICE Optimized

P25 Voice

P25 Integrated DataMission Critical Group Voice

IV&D Interoperability

Vd

DATA Optimized

PS LTE Data

Non Mission Critical PTTBroadband Data AppsGroup-based services

Dv

© 2015 PTIG39


Use Case Assumptions

Multiple Band P25Multiple Independent Networks

Multiple Layers of PS System Coverage

Band 14 PSLTESingle, Resilient Network

Single Layer of PS

Vd

Dv

+

Networks are connected but independent

FN

P25

P25 Systems

VHF

UHF

700/800

FirstNet Network

B14 PS LTE

v4

VOICE Optimized

P25 Voice

P25 Integrated DataMission Critical Group Voice

IV&D Interoperability

Vd

DATA Optimized

PS LTE Data

Non Mission Critical PTTBroadband Data AppsGroup-based services

Dv

• User has BOTH P25 & PS LTE available– Using simplified device scenario: Dual handsets

• Public Safety Group-based Services Scenario:– Use case requires Group-based Services

– No Cellular Available – Network is down, doesn’t exist or is overloaded

ASSUMPTIONS

Intelligent inter-systems interface(s)

We’re using an artificially simplified environment for this analysis.

© 2015 PTIG40


Coverage Scenarios

Vd

Dv

+

• End User has coverage across both footprints and Voice & Data on BOTH Systems in areas of overlapping coverage

• In many scenarios the coverage characteristics of P25 and PS LTE will be very different, for instance P25 may be more effective for local and indoor coverage, while PS LTE may be optimized for outdoor and nationwide coverage

Coverage Use Cases

Utilizing both devices enables User to take advantage of the coverage advantages of each.

P25 Systems

VHF

UHF

700/800

FirstNet Network

B14 PS LTE

FN

P25

v2

© 2015 PTIG41


Creating Resilience

Vd

Dv

+

• User stays in communication if either network fails

• User stays in communication if either device fails or is lost – User stays in communication if either device battery fails

• Carrying multiple devices in different bands offers greater protection against signal jamming – and greater versatility regarding deployables

P25 Systems

VHF

UHF

700/800

FirstNet Network

B14 PS LTE

Use Cases In Overlapping Coverage – Multiple Failure Scenarios

Signal Jammer

© 2015 PTIG42


Dv

Interoperability Use Cases

Vd

Dv

+

• P25 will be needed for interoperability with non-FN adopters

– Mutual Aid

• Dual device user can communicate with FN-only user

• Smart group interfaces enable ALL users to interoperate

P25V

Mutual Aid & Local Voice

Interoperability

FN Data AppsNationwide

Interoperability

Interoperability Among Different User Device Scenarios

© 2015 PTIG43


PUBLIC SAFETY STANDARDS IN 3GPP

© 2015 PTIG44


• ProSe - Proximity Services – The LTE version of LMR Direct Mode operation– UE-to-UE discovery and UE-to-UE communication UE-to-

Network relay • Similar to vehicular repeater operation

– Stage 1 Technical Specification requirements available, search ‘3GPP TS 22.278:’

• GCSE - Group Communications Service Enablers– Specifications to support group communications on LTE– Common approach for group communications of different

apps, such as voice, video, text and data– Stage 1 Technical Specification requirements available,

search ‘3GPP TS 22.468’

Public Safety 3GPP Update

UE = User Equipment v3

© 2015 PTIG45


3GPP Work Item R12(Functional Freeze - March 2015)

R13(Functional Freeze - March 2016)

ProSe

(Proximity Service)

• Basic Network-based Discovery• Basic D2D communication

May include:• Restricted discovery• Public safety out of coverage

discovery• UE-to-Network & UE-to-UE Relays• Requesting Discovery Range Class• Service continuity

GCSE

(Group Communications System Enabler)

• Group Communication between GCSE Group members via the network

• Group Communication between GCSE Group members via the network and a ProSe UE-to-Network Relay

• Relationship between a GCSE Group and members using ProSe Group Communication.

R12 scope moved to R13• Floor Control• User Interaction• UE to Network Relay• Interworking (with non-3GPP

networks)• UE-AS Open Interface

3GPP Release Schedule

© 2015 PTIG46


• MCPTT – Mission Critical Push to Talk– Specifications for Mission Critical PTT voice;

• Requirements documents ‘liaised’ from NPSTC, TIA-TR8.8, OMA-PCPS, ETSI-TCCE. Contributors 3GPP-SA1 members

– Requirements include P25 and TETRA group and Private Call functionality

– User Requirement Technical Specification (TS) approved December 2014

– Stage 1 Technical Specification requirements available, search ‘3GPP TS 22.179’

• IOPS – Isolated Operations for Public Safety Specification - Enables operation of a cell site when temporarily or permanently isolated from the EPC– Stage 1 Technical Specification requirements available, search

‘3GPP TS 22.346’


v2

© 2015 PTIG47


3GPP Work Item R13 (Functional Freeze - March 2016)

R14(Functional Freeze –N/A )

MCPTT

(Mission Critical Push To Talk)

• Push To Talk group call and private call• Emergency, broadcast and regrouped group call types• User identification, location, and emergency alerting • Floor control, override, monitor, priority and pre-

emption• Performance, including PTT access times• PS audio quality/intelligibility• Security/confidentiality• Use of GCSE_LTE• Use of Proximity Services (ProSe)• Interconnection with voice systems - cellular, PSTN and

land mobile radio• Charging

IOPS

(Isolated Operations for Public Safety)

• A cell site isolated from the core• A group of cell sites isolated from core but connected

to each other• Services and features needed for local group

communication

3GPP Release Schedule

NOTE:

• R13 lists are current snapshots

• Some (TBD) may move to R14

• Deferred and new items will be addressed in R14, or moved to future releases (R15, R16…)

v3

???

© 2015 PTIG48


• MCVideo – Mission Critical Video over LTE

– Release 14 Study Item - Define Use Cases

– Services to be considered• Video group communications

• Uplink video from UE

• Broadcast video

• MCDATA – Mission Critical Data Communications

– Release 14 Study Item – Define Use Cases

– Services to be considered• Text

• Multimedia

• File transfer


v2

© 2015 PTIG49


• ATIS/TIA: JLMRLTE – Joint Land Mobile Radio Long Term Evolution – Standard for Public Safety Mission Critical PTT voice

communications between users operating on P25 LMR systems and on MCPTT LTE systems

– Joint Standard between ATIS and TIA

– New meetings are on hold until the 3GPP MCPTT specification is further developed

• ETSI-TCCE: CCA - Developing ‘Critical Communications Application’ – User Requirements Specification (URS)

– Based on TETRA User Requirements with additional requirements for video

– Critical Communication System Architecture

• Architecture model for public safety operation on LTE system

Standards Efforts

v2

© 2015 PTIG50


• OMA-PCPS - Push-to-Communicate for Public Safety, PCPS V1.0

– New OMA work item based on PoC 1.0, PoC 2.0 and PoC 2.1 Specifications

– Updated specification for LTE technology; up to 3GPP Release 12

– Defines no mission critical features or capability

Standards Efforts, Cont’d

© 2015 PTIG51


Thank You!



Sponsored by:

Cynthia Wenzel Cole Chris WilsonCTO/ceo Senior [email protected] [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]



Presented by:



© 2015 PTIG

Project 25Products and Services

Chris LougeeChair, TIA Private Radio Section,

Vice President, Icom America

Sponsored by:


© 2015 PTIG53


Project 25 - Five Original Goals

1. Competition in system life-cycle procurements

2. Graceful Migration (Backward & Forward)

3. Interoperability

4. Spectrum Efficiency

5. User-Friendly Equipment

© 2015 PTIG54


• Initial principles and promises – have they been met?

• World wide penetration – has it occurred?

• Multiple vendors of products and services – is there choice?

• Competition – do they compete for your business?

• Interoperability – does it exist in meaningful tiers?

• Scalable Solutions – are they available to fit your needs?

• Adoption rate in the U.S. – are P25 systems being deployed?

• Future trends – are deployments increasing?

• Spectrum Efficiency – has it been achieved?

• Range of support resources – are they readily available?

• P25 – will it meet Public Safety needs for another 25 years?

Is Project 25 a Success?

© 2015 PTIG55


World wide penetration?P25 systems in 83 countries …and increasing

© 2015 PTIG56


Console

power audio Channel A Channel B

Available in VHF, UHF, 700, 800, and 900 MHz

15 fixed station/repeater suppliers

14 Subscriber suppliers

13 console suppliers

15 network providers

4 test equipment suppliers

5 consultant services

34 Vendors for Project 25 Equipment and Services

Competition?

© 2015 PTIG57


Project 25 Products and Services Available

Multiple vendors ?

PTIG Member Organizations

www.Project25.org

Fixed

Stations &

Repeaters

Mobile &

Portable

Radios

Consoles Networks SoftwareTest

Equipment

Systems

Integration

Consultant

Services

AECOM

AEROFLEX

AIRWAVE SOLUTIONS

AIRBUS DS COMMS (FORMERLY CASSIDIAN)

ANRITSU

AVTEC

CATALYST COMMUNICATIONS

COBHAM AVIONICS

CODAN RADIO (FORMERLY DANIELS)

CYNERGYZE

DVSI

EF JOHNSON

ETHERSTACK

FEDERAL ENGINEERING, INC

GENESIS GROUP

HARRIS CORPORATION

ICOM AMERICA

IDA CORPORATION

JVC KENWOOD

MIDLAND RADIO

MOD-U-COM

MOTOROLA SOLUTIONS

PANTEL INTERNATIONAL

POWERTRUNK

RELM WIRELESS

SIMOCO

SPECTRA ENGINEERING

STANDARD COMM PTY LTD - GME

TAIT COMMUNICATIONS

TECHNISONICS

TELEX RADIO DISPATCH

VERTEX STANDARD

WIRELESS PACIFIC

ZETRON

34 15 14 13 15 5 4 15 5

© 2015 PTIG58


Interoperability ?

• TIA-102 suite of standards

– 89 Standards documents completed

– Interoperable digital Project 25 equipment

– Common Air Interface

– Fixed Site “Wireline” Interfaces

© 2015 PTIG59


AIR

INTERACES

P25 FDMA

COMMON AIR

INTERFACE

TRUNKING

OPERATION

CONVENTIONAL

OPERATION

P25 TDMA

COMMON AIR

INTERFACE

TRUNKING

OPERATION

Phase 1

P25 FDMA Common Air Interface • Most widely deployed• Conventional and Trunking Operation

Phase 2

P25 TDMA Common Air Interface • Trunking Operation Only• Voice only

Project 25 Common Air Interfaces

Project 25 Technology Interest Group

Interoperability?

© 2015 PTIG60


• Interface standards– Inter-RF Sub-System Interface –ISSI– Console Sub-System Interface – CSSI– Fixed Station Interface - FSI– Telephone Interconnect

• Maintain P25 functionality beyond the air interface– Eliminate translators/gateways/application shifts

• Multi Vendor ISSI Demonstrations and Tests (2007-2010)APCO 2007 BaltimoreIWCE 2008APCO 2008 KC

Commercial ISSI GW Test – JAN 2010

• ISSI, FSI, CSSI successfully deployed– Expanding Vendor Introductions for FSI and CSSI.

• Improves choices and options • Multiple vendor sourcing beyond subscribers only

P25 Wireline Interfaces

August 15, 2013 Project 25 Technology Interest Group

Interoperability?

© 2015 PTIG61


• Improve confidence in purchasing P25 land mobile radio (LMR) equipment

• Ensures that P25 features and services offered…– comply with P25 standards– capable of interoperating across manufacturers

• Suppliers declaration of compliance - SDocs– Detail standardized test reports by CAP accredited labs– Products and versions tested– Other vendors tested against – Pass/fail results for each feature

• Managed by DHS OIC– Grant guidance by DHS OEC

Compliance Assessment ProgramInteroperability?

© 2015 PTIG62


• Conformance Testing – Conformance testing includes verification of the messages as specified

in the P25 standard

• Performance Testing – Performance testing includes measurements that verify product

specifications as specified in the P25 standard

• Interoperability Testing – Interoperability testing includes functional testing between

manufacturer A’s equipment and manufacturer B’s equipment per the Project 25 standard

• Recommended Compliance Assessment Tests (RCAT)– Subset of tests collected from above test documents related to a

specific interface or service

Testing Documents

© 2015 PTIG63


Compliance Assessment Program (CAP)

• P25 CAP testing ensures that there is a choice– Multiple vendors subscriber equipment is tested on Multiple vendor

Networking equipment

• Provides a mechanism for P25 equipment suppliers to formally demonstrate their products' compliance – Testing a key subset of the P25 Standards

– Performed in CAP recognized labs

• Published results – After testing SDOCs and STRs are published by DHS

FirstResponder.Gov

P25 Compliance Assessment

© 2015 PTIG68


PTIG GUIDE TO P25

CAPABILITIES

http://www.project25.org/images/stories/ptig/11-022-R10_PTIG_P25Capabilities_Guide_9.29.14.pdf

Interoperability?

• Audit your current system

• Plan for a new system

• Coordinate with others

http://www.project25.org/images/stories/ptig/11-022-R10_PTIG_P25Capabilities_Guide_9.29.14.pdf

© 2015 PTIG69


• Project 25 Requires Backward Compatibility

– From FDMA/P25 to Analog/Legacy

– From TDMA to FDMA

– Migrate with a smooth cut over, retaining existing radios.

– Fully compliant with current RF licensing and spectrum policy.

Backward CompatibilityInteroperability ?

© 2015 PTIG70


Configuration

Supported

Trunking Conventional Description/Benefit

Multicast Enables coverage of wider areas with fewer

transmitter sites when compared to simulcast

Simulcast Enables reuse of frequencies to increase

coverage penetration of a given area and for

spectral efficiency

Direct/Simplex Supported in SUs

for off-network

operation

Enables radio to radio communication without

fixed infrastructure. Quicker communication for

onsite scenarios such as a fire ground

Repeated Enables a radio call to be repeated from one

frequency to another, enabling

communications over a larger geographic area

Voting Improved inbound communications for portable

radios

Single Site Enables radio communications within one

site’s worth of coverage

Multi-Site Enables radio communications over several

site’s worth of coverage

Mix-match between Trunked, Conventional, Site Linking, Wide Area, or Stand Alone

© 2015 PTIG73


Source: IMS Research New and replacement each year – trunking and conventional

Last 5 Years: Strong P25 growth

© 2015 PTIG74


Next 3 Years: P25 growth to continue

• The “Push” to digital migration continues

• Need for additional capacity in urban areas (TDMA)

• Need for wide area systems (Phase 1 and Phase 2)

• P25 Momentum, it’s the “interoperable technology”

Forecast Global P25 Radio ShipmentsData Courtesy of: IHS Technology - Critical Communications Division

© 2015 PTIG76


700/800 MHz P25 interoperability possible in 45 states

700+ systems in the US and TerritoriesCombined V/U/700/800

Phase 1 & Phase 2

© 2015 PTIG77


• Spectrum efficiency improved

– 25 kHz to 12.5 kHz 2:1

– 25 kHz to 6.25e 4:1

• Phase 2 = TDMA

• 6.25e kHz

• V/U/700/800

© 2015 PTIG78


• Continues to change and adapt• A “Living Standard”

– Regulatory– Technology– User needs

• Long term P25 influenced by 700 MHz Interop Channels (mandate P25)

• Agencies desire interoperability with V/U systems• P25 Phase 2 projects being rolled out• NPSTC says “Cell phone” technology won’t meet

PS needs

© 2015 PTIG79


• Initial principles and promises – have they been met? Yes!

• World wide penetration – has it occurred? Yes!

• Multiple vendors of products and services – real choices? Yes!

• Competition – do they compete for your business? Yes!

• Interoperability – does it exist in meaningful tiers? Yes!

• Scalable Solutions – are they available to fit your needs? Yes!

• Adoption rate in the U.S. – P25 systems being deployed? Yes!

• Future trends – will deployments increase? Yes!

• Range of support resources – are they readily available? Yes!

• P25 –will it continue to evolve to meet public safety needs? Yes!

Is Project 25 a Success?

© 2015 PTIG81


Thank you for your continued interest and support of the Project 25 Standard!

Chris LougeeChair, TIA Private Radio Section,

Vice President, Icom America

email: [email protected]

Sponsored by:





Presented by:



© 2015 PTIG

Project 25 Foundations

Open Forum, Questions & Answers

Steve NicholsProject 25 Technology Interest Group Director

2-20-15


© 2015 PTIG83


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