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DISTRICT HEATING DRIVING
RENEWABLES AND DECARBONISATION
Birger Lauersen
IEA-REWP, MARCH 28., 2017
HEAT: THE ELEPHANT IN THE ROOM
Source: IEA, 2011
DISTRICT HEATING HISTORY
1960’s
• Growth on private cooperative and
municipal initiative
1970’s
• Energy crisis
• Heating Commission
1980’s
• Heat law
• Heat planning
• Expansion of networks
• Shift to CHP and other surplus heat sources
• Phasing out oil
1990’s
• Localised CHP on DKs North Sea N-gas
• Biomass
2000’s
• Consolidation
• Looking for sustainable heat
2010’s
• Expansion
• Renewables
• Integration
From burning platforms in the
70’s…
…to modern ones
HEATING SOLUTIONS IN DENMARK -
MILLION M2 HEATED BUILDING AREA
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
District heating Indiv. oil heating
Indivi. N-gas heating Electrical resistance heating
Heat pumps Other heating
Source: StatBank Denmark, Statistics Denmark
DANISH DISTRICT HEATING DEVELOPMENTS I
0%
50%
100%
1990 '95 '00 '05 '10 '15
El (varmepumper, elkedler mm)Vedvarende energiAffald, ikke-bionedbrydeligtKulNaturgasOlie
Electricity (HPs, elec. boilers) RES Waste, non-biodegradable Coal Natural gas Oil
Compositions of Fuels in
District Heating Production
Source: Danish Energy
Agency, Energy Statistic 2015
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1990 '95 '00 '05 '10 '15
Fjernvarme El
Share of CHP
Electricity District Heating
DANISH DISTRICT HEATING DEVELOPMENTS II
Solar
Natural gas
Electricity
Surplus heat
Bio, liquid Wood pellets
Wood chips
Straw
Biogas Biogas, upgraded
Fossil, other
Coal
Waste
District heating production in Denmark in wind scenario
He
at p
rod
uction
(P
J)
Source: District heating - The role of district
heating in future energy supply, COWI og Ea
Energianalyse 2014 for Danish Energy Agency
Future Fuel Composition – ”Official” Projections
75 %
waste
heat
Changing 500 heat
networks – not
808.000 (≈ 50 %)
individual building
heat installations!
WILL THE WORLD BECOME MORE ENERGY EFFICIENT?
Source: IEA, Energy Technology Perspectives 2012
Global Energy Flows 2009 & 2050
DANISH DISTRICT HEATING DEVELOPMENTS II
Solar
Natural gas
Electricity
Surplus heat
Bio, liquid Wood pellets
Wood chips
Straw
Biogas Biogas, upgraded
Fossil, other
Coal
Waste
District heating production in Denmark in wind scenario
He
at p
rod
uction
(P
J)
Source: District heating - The role of district
heating in future energy supply, COWI og Ea
Energianalyse 2014 for Danish Energy Agency
Future Fuel Composition – ”Official” Projections
75 %
waste
heat
Changing 500 heat
networks – not
808.000 (≈ 50 %)
individual building
heat installations!
THE CHALLENGE – UK AS AN EXAMPLE
THERMAL STORAGE OPTIONS
6200 m3 Thermal Storage
2500 €/MWh (Skagen: 6200 m3
for 5.4 mio. DKK)
0.16 m3 Thermal Storage
300.000 €/MWh (Private house: 160 liter
for 15000 DKK)
200,000 m3 Thermal Storage
500 €/MWh (Vojens: 200,000 m3
for 30 mio. DKK)
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
160 liter 4 m3 6200 m3 200.000 m3
Pri
ce (€/M
Wh
)
Thermal storage: Price and Size
4 m3 Thermal Storage
40,000 €/MWh (Private outdoor: 4000 m3
for 50,000 DKK)
Source: Professor Henrik Lund
Aalborg Universitet
DRONNINGLUND DH, ENERGY SOURCES 2015
-
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Natural gas Biooil Solar thermal
KEY SUCCESS FACTORS IN DANISH DHC POLICY*
• Adequate national policy and regulatory environment
• Direct/indirect financial support
• Focused local policy and coherence with urban planning
• Alignment of interests / Cooperation maturity
• Availability and relevance of local resources
• Comprehensive project development
• Price competitiveness against alternative energy solutions
• Flexible heat and cold production
• Combining technical and non-technical innovation
* Taken from ”Efficient district heating and cooling systems in the
EU - Case studies analysis, replicable key success factors and
potential policy implications” European Commission, JRC, 2016
BENEFITS
Heat load aggregation facilitates
• use of available waste heat
• integration of renewables difficult to handle at building level/in urban settings (biomass, biogas, deep geothermal, large scale solar, biodegradable waste) – including the environmental issues
• benefits of scale in backup and peak capacity as well as storage
• flexible integration with electricity (and gas)
It empowers local authorities
It provides long term flexibility in the heat sector
CHALLENGES
Finding the (renewable) heat
What to do with those still on N-gas
Birger Lauersen
+45 4028 3020
Danish District Heating Association House of District Heating Merkurvej 7 6000 Kolding Denmark Phone +45 7630 8000 Fax +45 7552 8962 [email protected]
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION