THE WORLD’S THE WORLD’S

GREATEST ANCIENT GREATEST ANCIENT CIVILIZATION?CIVILIZATION?

KINGS AND QUEENS OF THE KINGS AND QUEENS OF THE NILENILE

BEGAN AROUND 4000 BCBEGAN AROUND 4000 BCRULED BY “PHARAOHS” RULED BY “PHARAOHS”

GREAT KINGS AND QUEENSGREAT KINGS AND QUEENSTHE PHARAOHS WERE SAID THE PHARAOHS WERE SAID

TO BE DIRECT DESCENDANTS TO BE DIRECT DESCENDANTS OF THE GODSOF THE GODS

OLD KINGDOMOLD KINGDOM PHAROAH: MENES UNITED PHAROAH: MENES UNITED

UPPER AND LOWER EGYPT UPPER AND LOWER EGYPT RULED RULED BUILT THE FIRST CITY OF EGYPT, BUILT THE FIRST CITY OF EGYPT,

MEMPHIS (LOCATED NEAR MEMPHIS (LOCATED NEAR PRESENT DAY CAIRO, EGYPT PRESENT DAY CAIRO, EGYPT CAPITAL CITY)CAPITAL CITY)

HIS UNITED EGYPT LASTED FOR HIS UNITED EGYPT LASTED FOR 2,500 YEARS2,500 YEARS

THE ALL POWERFUL PHARAOHSTHE ALL POWERFUL PHARAOHS

ABSOLUTE POWERABSOLUTE POWER WORDS BECAME LAW AND THOSE WORDS BECAME LAW AND THOSE

WHO BROKE THEM SUFFEREDWHO BROKE THEM SUFFERED THE RELIGIOUS LEADER, AS WELL THE RELIGIOUS LEADER, AS WELL

AS THE POLITICAL LEADERAS THE POLITICAL LEADER

THE MIDDLE KINGDOMTHE MIDDLE KINGDOM

ABOUT 2250 BCABOUT 2250 BCGOVERNERS CHALLENGED GOVERNERS CHALLENGED

THE PHARAOHS THE THE PHARAOHS THE DYNASTIES GREW WEAK DYNASTIES GREW WEAK

RESTORED IN THE MIDDLE RESTORED IN THE MIDDLE KINGDOMKINGDOM

THE NEW KINGDOMTHE NEW KINGDOM THE PHARAOHS OF THE NEW THE PHARAOHS OF THE NEW

KINGDOM NOT ONLY DROVE OUT KINGDOM NOT ONLY DROVE OUT ALL INVADERS, BUT THEY ALL INVADERS, BUT THEY CREATED ARMIES THAT WERE CREATED ARMIES THAT WERE SO HUGE THAT THEY WOULD SO HUGE THAT THEY WOULD BECOME UNBEATABLEBECOME UNBEATABLE THE USE OF BRONZE AND WAR THE USE OF BRONZE AND WAR

CHARIOTS LED THEM INTO THE CHARIOTS LED THEM INTO THE NEW ERANEW ERA

THE RISE OF THE POWERFULTHE RISE OF THE POWERFUL 1500 BC A CHILD NAMED 1500 BC A CHILD NAMED

THUTMOSE BECAME PHARAOH THUTMOSE BECAME PHARAOH TO YOUNG TO RULE A REGENT TO YOUNG TO RULE A REGENT

WAS APPOINTED FOR HIM, HIS WAS APPOINTED FOR HIM, HIS STEPMOTHER, HATSHEPSUTSTEPMOTHER, HATSHEPSUT DECLARED HERSELF PHARAOH, DECLARED HERSELF PHARAOH,

SHE WOULD RULE EGYPT FOR 22 SHE WOULD RULE EGYPT FOR 22 YEARSYEARS

HATSHEPSUTHATSHEPSUT THUTMOSE GREW OLDER THUTMOSE GREW OLDER

HATSHEPSUT REFUSED TO HATSHEPSUT REFUSED TO RELEASE THE THRONERELEASE THE THRONE MANY BELIEVE HER DEATH SOON MANY BELIEVE HER DEATH SOON

AFTER THIS REFUSAL WAS NO AFTER THIS REFUSAL WAS NO ACCIDENT ACCIDENT

AFTER HER DEATH THUTMOSE TOOK AFTER HER DEATH THUTMOSE TOOK THE THRONE AND DESTROYED ALL THE THRONE AND DESTROYED ALL THAT SHE HAD ACCOMPLISHEDTHAT SHE HAD ACCOMPLISHED

TUTANKHAMENTUTANKHAMEN“KING TUT”“KING TUT”

BECAME PHAROAH OF EGYPT AT BECAME PHAROAH OF EGYPT AT THE AGE OF 9 AND REIGNED UNTIL THE AGE OF 9 AND REIGNED UNTIL THE AGE OF 18THE AGE OF 18 THE SON OF AKHENATON, TUT WAS THE SON OF AKHENATON, TUT WAS

FORCED TO DECLARE AMON-RE THE FORCED TO DECLARE AMON-RE THE CHIEF GOD OF EGYPTCHIEF GOD OF EGYPT

CALLED THE BOY KING, TUT WAS CALLED THE BOY KING, TUT WAS WORSHIPPED AS THE LIVING FORM WORSHIPPED AS THE LIVING FORM OF AMON-RE.OF AMON-RE.

KING TUT TOMBKING TUT TOMB

DEATH MASK OF TUTDEATH MASK OF TUT

EGYPTIAN RELIGIONEGYPTIAN RELIGION

THE EGYPTIANS BELIEVED IN THE EGYPTIANS BELIEVED IN ETERNITY FOR ALL SOULSETERNITY FOR ALL SOULS

YOUR LIFE AND STATUS YOUR LIFE AND STATUS DETERMINED YOUR PLACE IN DETERMINED YOUR PLACE IN ETERNITYETERNITY

THE CHIEF GOD WAS AMON-THE CHIEF GOD WAS AMON-RE, “THE HIDDEN ONE”RE, “THE HIDDEN ONE”

EGYPTIAN GODSEGYPTIAN GODS MANY OF THE GODS MANY OF THE GODS

WERE DEPICTED AS WERE DEPICTED AS HUMANS WITH ANIMAL HUMANS WITH ANIMAL HEADSHEADS

OSIRIS:“THE GOD OF OSIRIS:“THE GOD OF THE LIVING AND THE THE LIVING AND THE DEAD” WAS VERY DEAD” WAS VERY IMPORTANTIMPORTANT

ISIS:THE WIFE OF ISIS:THE WIFE OF OSIRIS WAS THE OSIRIS WAS THE GODDESS OF GODDESS OF PROTECTION FOR PROTECTION FOR CHILDRENCHILDREN

DuamutefDuamutef, who had , who had the head of a jackalthe head of a jackal

QebehsenufQebehsenuf, who , who had the head of a had the head of a falcon  falcon 

HapiHapi, the baboon-, the baboon-headed son of Horus,headed son of Horus,    

MUMMIESMUMMIES

MUMMIESMUMMIES

MUMMIESOF THE EGYPTIAN MUMMIESOF THE EGYPTIAN DESERT OF EGYPTDESERT OF EGYPT

TOMBS OF THE KINGSTOMBS OF THE KINGS

DURING THE OLD KINGDOM THE DURING THE OLD KINGDOM THE EGYPTIANS BUILT THE PYRAMIDSEGYPTIANS BUILT THE PYRAMIDS

GIANT TOMBS FOR THE DEAD GIANT TOMBS FOR THE DEAD KINGSKINGS THE LARGEST IS THE GREAT THE LARGEST IS THE GREAT

PYRAMID AT GIZAPYRAMID AT GIZA

PYRAMIDSPYRAMIDS

MANY CONTAIN AS MANY AS 2 MANY CONTAIN AS MANY AS 2 MILLION STONESMILLION STONES EACH STONES WEIGHS UP TO 5000 EACH STONES WEIGHS UP TO 5000

POUNDS, 2 TONSPOUNDS, 2 TONS ALMOST 20 YEARS TO COMPLETE ALMOST 20 YEARS TO COMPLETE

ONE PYRAMIDONE PYRAMID USED HEBREW SLAVES AND USED HEBREW SLAVES AND

OTHERSOTHERS

EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPHICSEGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPHICS

USED PICTURES AND SYMBOLS TO USED PICTURES AND SYMBOLS TO TELL STORIESTELL STORIES IT WAS NOT UNTIL 1799 THAT MODERN IT WAS NOT UNTIL 1799 THAT MODERN

MAN COULD BEGIN TO UNDERSTAND THE MAN COULD BEGIN TO UNDERSTAND THE ANCIENT TEXTANCIENT TEXT

THE ROSETTA STONE UNLOCKED THE THE ROSETTA STONE UNLOCKED THE MYSTERYMYSTERY

IT WAS A TRANSLATION STONE, SHOWING IT WAS A TRANSLATION STONE, SHOWING HOW TO CHANGE EGYPTIAN INTO GREEKHOW TO CHANGE EGYPTIAN INTO GREEK

ALEXANDER THE GREATALEXANDER THE GREAT

ALEXANDER WAS A GENERAL ALEXANDER WAS A GENERAL AND RULER OF A MASSIVE ARMY AND RULER OF A MASSIVE ARMY THAT CONQUERED MOST OF THE THAT CONQUERED MOST OF THE ANCIENT WORLD, INCLUDING ANCIENT WORLD, INCLUDING THE GREEKS AND THE THE GREEKS AND THE EGYPTIANSEGYPTIANS IN ABOUT 332 BC HE OVERTOOK IN ABOUT 332 BC HE OVERTOOK

THE KINGDOM OF EGYPTTHE KINGDOM OF EGYPT