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The Spanish Subjunctive: An Introduction (El subjuntivo español: una introducción) Quiero que Ud. pase por el Control de Agricultura.

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Page 1: The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction · Desire or Command: When the subject in the main clause uses a verb that desires/commands something ... The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction

The Spanish Subjunctive: An Introduction

(El subjuntivo español: una introducción)

Quiero que Ud. pase por el Control

de Agricultura.

Page 2: The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction · Desire or Command: When the subject in the main clause uses a verb that desires/commands something ... The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction

Spanish Verb Modes Until now, you have been using verb tenses (present,

preterit, imperfect, future, conditional, and present/past

perfects) in the indicative mood (or mode). The

indicative mode is used to express real, definite, or

factual actions or states of being.

Yo Hablo Yo Hablé Yo Hablaba Yo Hablaré

Yo Hablaría Yo He Hablado Yo Había Hablado

Indicative Mode

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Subjunctive – a NEW Verb Mode The Subjunctive is an entire new verb mode. It is used to

express the hypothetical or subjective, such as a speaker’s

wishes, feelings, emotions, or doubts. Unlike the

indicative, which states facts, the subjunctive describes

reality subjectively, or refers to actions or states that are

not yet reality at all (and maybe never will be).

Subjunctive includes many tenses, just like Indicative!

Yo Hable Yo Hablara

Yo Haya Hablado Yo Hubiera Hablado

Subjuntive Mode

Page 4: The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction · Desire or Command: When the subject in the main clause uses a verb that desires/commands something ... The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction

The Spanish Subjunctive

Notice the following examples:

Creo que Luis va a Cartagena.

I believe that Luis is going to

Cartagena. (Certainty: indicative)

No creo que Luis vaya a San Andrés.

I don’t think that Luis is going to San

Andrés. (Uncertainty: subjunctive)

Page 5: The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction · Desire or Command: When the subject in the main clause uses a verb that desires/commands something ... The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction

hablo como vivo

Step 1: Start with the yo form of the verb in the present

tense (this applies to all three conjugations):

The forms of the subjunctive

Before we learn usage, we must learn the forms we will be

working with. Think of it as learning the mechanics or

“nuts and bolts” before assembling the tool.

For all but six verbs in Spanish, we can apply a simple

three-step process with which to construct the forms.

Page 6: The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction · Desire or Command: When the subject in the main clause uses a verb that desires/commands something ... The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction

If we are careful to begin with this step, verbs with

irregular stems and yo forms will be included and

will not be considered irregular in the subjunctive:

conocer → conozco

The forms of the subjunctive

hablo como vivo

decir → digo

hacer → hago

perder → pierdo

querer → quiero

pedir → pido traer → traigo

oír → oigo tener → tengo

venir → vengo

ver → veo

dormir → duermo

Step 1: Start with the yo form of the verb in the present

tense (this applies to all three conjugations):

Page 7: The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction · Desire or Command: When the subject in the main clause uses a verb that desires/commands something ... The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction

The forms of the subjunctive

habl com viv

Step 2: Take off the final o of the yo form:

Step 3: Add the “opposite” endings:

For -ar verbs: Add -er verb endings.

habl

habl

habl

habl

habl

habl

e

es

e

emos

éis

en

Notice that the first- and third-person singular forms are

identical.

o o o

Page 8: The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction · Desire or Command: When the subject in the main clause uses a verb that desires/commands something ... The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction

The forms of the subjunctive Step 3: Add the “opposite” endings:

For -er and -ir verbs: Add -ar verb endings to both.

com

com

com

com

com

a

as

a

amos

an

viv

viv

viv

viv

viv

viv

a

as

a

amos

áis

an Again, first- and third-person singular forms are identical.

Page 9: The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction · Desire or Command: When the subject in the main clause uses a verb that desires/commands something ... The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction

recordar (o ue)

recuerde

recuerdes

recuerde

recordemos

recuerden

perder (e ie)

pierda

pierdas

pierda

perdamos

pierdan

Remember, however, that stem changes do not apply to nosotros form.

The forms of the subjunctive Stem-changing -ar and -er verbs have the same stem

changes as in the present indicative.

Page 10: The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction · Desire or Command: When the subject in the main clause uses a verb that desires/commands something ... The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction

dormir dormimos durmieron

dormí dormiste durmió

u

duerma duermas duerma

durmamos duerman

The forms of the subjunctive You may recall the third-person singular and plural changes that occur in the preterit of stem-changing -ir verbs.

The same changes occur in the nosotros form of the subjunctive.

These changes occur only in stem-changing -ir verbs.

Page 11: The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction · Desire or Command: When the subject in the main clause uses a verb that desires/commands something ... The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction

mentir mentimos mintieron

mentí mentiste mintió

i

mienta mientas mienta

mintamos mientan

You may recall the third-person singular and plural changes that occur in the preterit of stem-changing -ir verbs.

The forms of the subjunctive

Page 12: The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction · Desire or Command: When the subject in the main clause uses a verb that desires/commands something ... The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction

Do-Now Copy the following sentences, and fill in the

blanks as we hear the song “Libertad”

1. Dime como quieres que me _____ (vestir)

2. Dime como quieres que me _____ (peinar)

3. Dime como quieres que yo ______ (pensar)

4. Dime como quieres que te ______ (tratar)

5. Dime como quieres que te ______ (hablar)

6. Dime como quieres que te ______ (insultar)

7. Dime como quieres que te ______ (mirar)

8. Dime como quieres que te ______ (escuchar)

Page 13: The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction · Desire or Command: When the subject in the main clause uses a verb that desires/commands something ... The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction

-car c qu

The forms of the subjunctive Just like in preterit tense, these spelling changes occur in all forms of present subjunctive with verbs whose infinitives end in -car, -gar, and -zar.

-gar g gu -zar z c buscar

busque

busques

busque

busquemos busquen

llegar

llegue

llegues

llegue

lleguemos lleguen

empezar

empiece

empieces

empiece

empecemos empiecen

Page 14: The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction · Desire or Command: When the subject in the main clause uses a verb that desires/commands something ... The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction

Dar

Ir

Ser

Haber

Estar

Saber

dé, des, dé, demos, den

vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayan

sea, seas, sea, seamos, sean

haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayan

esté, estés, esté, estemos, estén

sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepan

There are only six truly irregular verbs, that is, verbs to which we cannot apply our three-step process.

The forms of the subjunctive

When listed in the following order, the initial letters of each verb form the acronym DISHES, a useful memory device.

Page 15: The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction · Desire or Command: When the subject in the main clause uses a verb that desires/commands something ... The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction

Yo quiero que Juan vaya a la fiesta.

main clause subordinate clause

S1 V1 S2 V2

The usage of the subjunctive

The subjunctive normally occurs in the subordinate clause of a two-part sentence (hence the term subjunctive) and generally is preceded by que or an adverb cuando, donde, como, etc.

Normally, the main clause has a different subject and verb than the subordinate clause.

Page 16: The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction · Desire or Command: When the subject in the main clause uses a verb that desires/commands something ... The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction

S1 V1 S1 V2

The usage of the subjunctive

Yo quiero que yo vaya a la fiesta.

main clause subordinate clause

Although there are two different verbs . . .

. . . there is only one subject.

If there is no change of subject, that is, if the main and subordinate clauses have the same subject, there is no need to create a new clause or conjugation at all.

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In these cases only one clause is necessary . . .

S AV INF

The usage of the subjunctive

If there is no change of subject, that is, if the main and subordinate clauses have the same subject, there is no need to create a new clause or conjugation at all.

Yo quiero ir a la fiesta.

. . . utilizing a subject, conjugated verb, and infinitive.

Page 18: The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction · Desire or Command: When the subject in the main clause uses a verb that desires/commands something ... The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction

1. Desire or command

3. Falseness or unreality.

2. Personal bias or emotion.

The usage of the subjunctive The verb in the main clause determines whether to use the subjunctive or the indicative (regular conjugation) in the subordinate clause.

Three simple principles can be applied in almost every case.

If the main clause expresses . . .

. . . the subjunctive is used in the subordinate clause.

Page 19: The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction · Desire or Command: When the subject in the main clause uses a verb that desires/commands something ... The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction

Benjamín quiere que Antonio ponga la mesa.

Yo insisto en que tú hagas el trabajo.

Prohibimos que los clientes coman en la oficina.

(Notice that que unites the two clauses.)

(indicative: pone)

(indicative: haces)

(indicative: comen)

The usage of the subjunctive 1. Desire or Command: When the subject in the main

clause uses a verb that desires/commands something in the subordinate clause, the subjunctive is always used in the subordinate clause.

Page 20: The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction · Desire or Command: When the subject in the main clause uses a verb that desires/commands something ... The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction

Desires

querer insistir recomendar

pedir permitir aconsejar

necesitar sugerir

Es…(importante, imprescindible, permisible,

necesario, preferible, mejor, urgente, etc)

Commands

impedir prohibir no permitir mandar

obligar

The usage of the subjunctive Following are some common verbs and expressions that might be used to command or express desire

Page 21: The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction · Desire or Command: When the subject in the main clause uses a verb that desires/commands something ... The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction

Me alegro de que tú saques buenas notas.

¡Qué lástima que ellos no sepan su número de teléfono!

Lamento que hayas perdido tu dinero.

Me gusta que Alfredo te ayude.

(indicative: sacas)

(indicative: saben)

(indicative: has perdido)

(indicative: ayuda)

The usage of the subjunctive 2. Personal bias or emotion: When the verb in the

main clause expresses a feeling, emotion, or personal bias, the subjunctive is usually (but not always) used in the subordinate clause.

Page 22: The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction · Desire or Command: When the subject in the main clause uses a verb that desires/commands something ... The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction

gustar alegrarse (de) dar pena

asombrar sorprender entristecer

temer esperar sentir

Es triste, una lástima, maravilloso, bueno, terrible, horrible, fantástico, etc.

Estar alegre, contento, triste, etc.

ojalá

The usage of the subjunctive Following are some common verbs and expressions that express personal bias or emotion.

Page 23: The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction · Desire or Command: When the subject in the main clause uses a verb that desires/commands something ... The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction

Es verdad que los niños comen demasiado.

Estoy seguro que Alonzo tiene su pasaporte.

No creemos que vaya a nevar mañana.

Mis amigos dudan que yo pueda pilotear el avión.

No hay nadie que sepa la verdad.

The usage of the subjunctive 3. Falseness or unreality: If the main clause

indicates that something is true or indeed exists, the indicative is used in the subordinate clause.

By contrast, if the main clause indicates doubt, falseness or unreality, the subjunctive is used in the subordinate clause.

Page 24: The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction · Desire or Command: When the subject in the main clause uses a verb that desires/commands something ... The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction

Truth creer estar seguro jurar afirmar confirmar asegurar ser cierto ser indudable ser evidente ser obvio ser verdad ser (estar) claro

Falseness no creer negar no estar seguro dudar no poder creer ser (im)posible ser (im)probable no ser verdad no ser cierto Aunque*

The usage of the subjunctive Following are some common verbs and expressions that express truth or falseness.

Page 25: The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction · Desire or Command: When the subject in the main clause uses a verb that desires/commands something ... The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction

Translate to Spanish. For each verb that should be in subjunctive, number it in your translation, and explain why in English below. Tomorrow is the first day at my new job. I hope that

everything goes well. I am very happy to have a job.

My boss seems very nice, but I prefer her to be more

than nice. I want her to understand that I will make

mistakes, and I want her to talk to me. I will

recommend that she tell me what she thinks, even if

it might be bad.

Page 26: The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction · Desire or Command: When the subject in the main clause uses a verb that desires/commands something ... The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction

Do-Now

Mucha gente vota hoy en las

primarias. Los padres de la nación

pensaron que el proceso

democrático era importante, y

estoy de acuerdo. Es

imprescindible que tengamos la

habilidad de influir nuestro

gobierno. Votaré cada vez que

pueda.

Page 27: The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction · Desire or Command: When the subject in the main clause uses a verb that desires/commands something ... The Spanish subjunctive, an introduction

Intensamente– Vamos a Una Fiesta

As emotions, act out the drama of

preparing for a party.

Each person, as an emotion,

should speak 4 times

Use the subjunctive at least 5

times

Writing/Rehearsal today, scripts

due by end of class

Performance, from memory, on

Friday


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