el subjuntivo. el subjuntivo: overview the subjunctive is a mood in spanish. moods reflect how the...

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El Subjuntivo

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Page 1: El Subjuntivo. El Subjuntivo: Overview The subjunctive is a mood in Spanish. Moods reflect how the speaker feels about an action. The subjunctive mood

El Subjuntivo

Page 2: El Subjuntivo. El Subjuntivo: Overview The subjunctive is a mood in Spanish. Moods reflect how the speaker feels about an action. The subjunctive mood

El Subjuntivo:

• Overview

• The subjunctive is a mood in Spanish. Moods reflect how the speaker feels about an action. The subjunctive mood is used to express desires, doubts, the unknown, the abstract and emotions;

• A verb tense refers to when an action that takes place (present, past or future):

indicative (actions, events, facts) and the

imperative (commands).

Page 3: El Subjuntivo. El Subjuntivo: Overview The subjunctive is a mood in Spanish. Moods reflect how the speaker feels about an action. The subjunctive mood

• Ejemplos:

Indicativo-

• Victoria estudia español. (Victoria studies Spanish.)

• This states an objective fact that Victoria studies Spanish.

Subjunctivo-

• Dudo que Victoria estudie español. (I doubt that Victoria studies Spanish.)

• The introduction of doubt makes it impossible to present the statement that Victoria studies Spanish as an objective fact.

¿Es indicativo o subjunctivo está oración?

Es cierto que Victoria estudia español.

Page 4: El Subjuntivo. El Subjuntivo: Overview The subjunctive is a mood in Spanish. Moods reflect how the speaker feels about an action. The subjunctive mood

Words or Phrases that Indicate

the Subjunctive or Indicative

• Because there must be some uncertainty or subjectivity to warrant the use of the subjunctive, you will find either uncertainty or certainty in the verb in the main clause of a sentence. It is very helpful if you can recognize the verbs and phrases in the main clause that indicate the subjunctive and tell them apart from similar clauses that warrant the indicative. 

• Luckily, many of the verbs and phrases that require the subjunctive fit into the acronym UCAWEIRDO: Uncertainty, Conjunction, Adverbs, Wishes, Emotions, Impersonal expressions, Recommendations, Doubt/Denial, and Ojalá. Each of these concepts has its own article for more details.

Page 5: El Subjuntivo. El Subjuntivo: Overview The subjunctive is a mood in Spanish. Moods reflect how the speaker feels about an action. The subjunctive mood

Las conjugaciones:

The present subjunctive is formed in the same way as most commands.

Think of this chant to help you remember the endings:

Take the Yo form, Drop the –O, Add the opposite ending.

hablar tener escribir

Yo Hable Tenga escriba

tú Hables Tengas escribas

Él… Hable Tenga escriba

nosotros Hablemos Tengamos escribamos

Ellos… Hablen Tengan escriban

Page 6: El Subjuntivo. El Subjuntivo: Overview The subjunctive is a mood in Spanish. Moods reflect how the speaker feels about an action. The subjunctive mood

Verbos de AR

Yo e

Tú es

Él, Ella, Usted e

Nosotros emos

Vosotros éis

Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes en

--e --

emos

--es --éis

--e --en

Page 7: El Subjuntivo. El Subjuntivo: Overview The subjunctive is a mood in Spanish. Moods reflect how the speaker feels about an action. The subjunctive mood

Verbos de ER/IR

Yo a

Tú as

Él, Ella, Usted a

Nosotros amos

Vosotros áis

Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes an

--a --amos

--as --áis

--a --an

Page 8: El Subjuntivo. El Subjuntivo: Overview The subjunctive is a mood in Spanish. Moods reflect how the speaker feels about an action. The subjunctive mood

Car, Gar, Zar

Tocar Llegar Almorzar

Yo Toque Llegue Almuerce

Tú Toques Llegues Almuerces

Él, Ella, Usted Toque Llegue Almuerce

Nosotros Toquemos Lleguemos Almorcemos

Vosotros Toquéis Lleguéis Almorcéis

Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes

Toquen Lleguen Almuercen

Verbs ending in car, gar, and zar have a spelling change to keep the same sound as the infinitive. (c-qu, g- gu, z-c)

Page 9: El Subjuntivo. El Subjuntivo: Overview The subjunctive is a mood in Spanish. Moods reflect how the speaker feels about an action. The subjunctive mood

-ger, -guirEscoger g changes to j

Seguir gu to g

Yo Escoja Siga

tú Escojas Sigas

Él… Escoja Siga

nosotros Escojamos Sigamos

Ellos… Escojan sigan

Page 10: El Subjuntivo. El Subjuntivo: Overview The subjunctive is a mood in Spanish. Moods reflect how the speaker feels about an action. The subjunctive mood

Verbos Irregulares

Ser Ir Dar Estar Saber Haber

Yo Sea Vaya Dé Esté Sepa Haya

Tú Seas Vayas Des Estés Sepas Hayas

Él, Ella, Usted

Sea Vaya Dé Esté Sepa Haya

Nosotros Seamos Vayamos

Demos Estemos Sepamos

Hayamos

Vosotros Seáis Vayáis Deis Estéis Sepáis Hayáis

Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes

Sean Vayan Den Estén Sepan hayan

Verbs that don’t end in o in the yo form are irregular.

SIDES

Page 11: El Subjuntivo. El Subjuntivo: Overview The subjunctive is a mood in Spanish. Moods reflect how the speaker feels about an action. The subjunctive mood

Verbos Irregulares

Jugar(u-ue)

Pensar(e-ie)

Entender(e-ie)

Pedir(e-i)

Dormir(o-ue)

Yo Juegue Piense Entienda Pida Duerma

Tú Juegues Pienses Entiendas Pidas Duermas

Él, Ella, Usted

Juegue Piense Entienda Pida Duerma

Nosotros Juguemos Pensemos Entendamas Pidamos Durmamos

Vosotros Juguéis Penséis Entendáis Pidáis Durmáis

Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes

Jueguen Piensen Entiendan Pidan Duerman

*Stem changing ar and er verbs in the present tense also change in the same forms of the subjunctive. The verbs have stem changes in all forms except nosotros and vosotros. *Verbs that end in ir change in all forms of the subjunctive.

Page 12: El Subjuntivo. El Subjuntivo: Overview The subjunctive is a mood in Spanish. Moods reflect how the speaker feels about an action. The subjunctive mood

3 Parts are needed to form the

Subjunctive: • The subjunctive is needed when we have a

verb or expression from one of the UCAWEIRDO categories. All three parts of the following formula are present:

•  1) Subject #1 w/ indicative• (Select one of the UWEIRDO verbs)

• 2) Que• (This is the conjunction necessary to introduce the

subjunctive clause)

• 3) Subject #2 w/ subjunctive• (The person or thing in the UWEIRDO world)

Page 13: El Subjuntivo. El Subjuntivo: Overview The subjunctive is a mood in Spanish. Moods reflect how the speaker feels about an action. The subjunctive mood

UCAWEIRDO:

• U- unknown

• C- conjunctions

• A- adverbs *

• W- wishes, wants, hopes, desires

• E- emotions

• I- impersonal expressions

• R- recommendations, suggestions, prohibitions

• D- doubt, uncertainty

• O- ojalá

Page 14: El Subjuntivo. El Subjuntivo: Overview The subjunctive is a mood in Spanish. Moods reflect how the speaker feels about an action. The subjunctive mood

Unknown claves:

• Buscar- to look for

• Querer- to want

• Necesitar- to need

• (No) Hay… que- There is

• (No) Conoces… que- (Do) You know

• (No) Tienes… que- (Do) You have

Page 15: El Subjuntivo. El Subjuntivo: Overview The subjunctive is a mood in Spanish. Moods reflect how the speaker feels about an action. The subjunctive mood

Unknown ejemplos:

• Quiero una computadora portátil que no cueste mucho.• I want a laptop computer that does not

cost much.

• ¿ Tienes un teléfono que toque música?• Do you have a phone that plays music?

• No conozco a nadie que publique poesía.• I do not know anyone who publishes

poetry.

Page 16: El Subjuntivo. El Subjuntivo: Overview The subjunctive is a mood in Spanish. Moods reflect how the speaker feels about an action. The subjunctive mood

Unknown… Ojo

To talk about things that definitely do exist, use the indicative.

• Hay un sitio web que tiene la información.• There is a Web site that has the

information.

Page 17: El Subjuntivo. El Subjuntivo: Overview The subjunctive is a mood in Spanish. Moods reflect how the speaker feels about an action. The subjunctive mood

Conjunctions claves:

• A fin de que- in order that

• A menos que- unless

• Antes (de) que- before

• Con tal (de) que- as long as

• En caso (de) que- in case that

• Para que- in order that

• Sin que- without

Page 18: El Subjuntivo. El Subjuntivo: Overview The subjunctive is a mood in Spanish. Moods reflect how the speaker feels about an action. The subjunctive mood

Conjunctions ejemplos:

• No gastes tus ahorros a menos que sea necesario.• Don’t spend your savings unless it’s

necessary.

• Voy a imprimir las fotos para que todos las miren.• I’m going to print the photos so that

everyone can look at them.

Page 19: El Subjuntivo. El Subjuntivo: Overview The subjunctive is a mood in Spanish. Moods reflect how the speaker feels about an action. The subjunctive mood

Conjunctions…Ojo

• NOTE that when the conjunctions are used without QUE, the verb that follows must be the infinitive form.• Tendrás que comer antes de que salgas.

• You’ll have to eat before you leave.

• Tendrás que comer antes de salir.• You’ll have to eat before leaving.

Page 20: El Subjuntivo. El Subjuntivo: Overview The subjunctive is a mood in Spanish. Moods reflect how the speaker feels about an action. The subjunctive mood

Adverb …claves

• HD3 ----Acronymn• Hasta (que)- until• Después de (que)- after• De modo (que)- in such a way that• De manera (que)- in such a way that

Ex: Ellos van a trabajar hasta que el jefe les mandan salir.(They will work until the boss tells them to leave.)

Page 21: El Subjuntivo. El Subjuntivo: Overview The subjunctive is a mood in Spanish. Moods reflect how the speaker feels about an action. The subjunctive mood

Más Adverbs

• CAMELoT-----Acronym • Cuando- when

Aunque- although Mientras- whileEn cuanto- as soon as Luego que-  as soon aso Tan pronto como- as soon as

Ex:Te llamaré en cuanto (tan pronto como, luego que) llegue al hotel.(I will call you as soon as I arrive at the hotel.)

Page 22: El Subjuntivo. El Subjuntivo: Overview The subjunctive is a mood in Spanish. Moods reflect how the speaker feels about an action. The subjunctive mood

Adverbs

• ESCAPA  A• En caso de (que)-  in case• Sin (que)- without (that)• Con tal (que)- provided that, so that• Antes de (que)- before• Para (que)- in order that, so that• A menos (que)- unless• A fines de (que)- so that

Ex: No podemos sacar buenas notas sin que el maestro nos ayude.(We can’t get good grades unless the teacher helps us.)

Page 23: El Subjuntivo. El Subjuntivo: Overview The subjunctive is a mood in Spanish. Moods reflect how the speaker feels about an action. The subjunctive mood

Wishes, Wants, Hopes, Desires…

claves• Desear- to desire, or to wish

• Esperar- to hope

• Querer- to want

• Ella quiere que su hijo se comporte bien.• She wants her son to behave well.

• Use the INFINITIVE and omit QUE if there is not a change in the subject.• El niño quiere comportarse bien.

Page 24: El Subjuntivo. El Subjuntivo: Overview The subjunctive is a mood in Spanish. Moods reflect how the speaker feels about an action. The subjunctive mood

Emotions: …claves

• Alegrarse (de)- to be happy

• Encantar- to love

• Enojarse- to be mad

• Es una lástima- it’s a shame

• Es sorprendente- it’s surprising

• Es triste- it’s sad

• Estar contento(a)- to be content

• Estar emocionado(a)- to be excited

Page 25: El Subjuntivo. El Subjuntivo: Overview The subjunctive is a mood in Spanish. Moods reflect how the speaker feels about an action. The subjunctive mood

Más Emotions:

• Estar triste- to be sad

• Gustar- to like

• Sorprenderse (de)- to be surprised

• Sentir- to be sorry, to feel

• Temer- to fear

• Tener celos de- to be jealous

• Tener miedo de- to be afraid

Page 26: El Subjuntivo. El Subjuntivo: Overview The subjunctive is a mood in Spanish. Moods reflect how the speaker feels about an action. The subjunctive mood

Emotions…ejemplos:

• Nos alegramos de que tú actúes con honor.• We’re happy that you act honorably.

• No me sorprendo de que sea difícil.• I’m not surprised that it’s difficult.

• Me gusta que podamos elegir.• I like that we can choose.

• Temo que no me entiendas.• I’m afraid that you don’t understand me.

Page 27: El Subjuntivo. El Subjuntivo: Overview The subjunctive is a mood in Spanish. Moods reflect how the speaker feels about an action. The subjunctive mood

Impersonal Expressions…claves:

• Es importante- it’s important

• Es bueno- it’s good

• Es necesario- it’s necessary

• Es raro- it’s rare

• Es imprescindible- it’s indispensible

• Es difícil- it’s difficult

• Es fácil- it’s easy

• Es imposible- it’s impossible

• Es interesante- it’s interesting

• Es malo- it’s bad

• Es mejor- it’s better

• Es posible- it’s possible

Page 28: El Subjuntivo. El Subjuntivo: Overview The subjunctive is a mood in Spanish. Moods reflect how the speaker feels about an action. The subjunctive mood

Impersonal Expressions…

ejemplos:• Es importante que él salga.

• It is important that he leave.

• Es imprescindible que tú hables claramente.• It is indispensible that you speak clearly.

• Es raro que un músico critique su música.• It is rare that a musician critique his music.

• Es necesario que él proteja a los ciudadanos

Page 29: El Subjuntivo. El Subjuntivo: Overview The subjunctive is a mood in Spanish. Moods reflect how the speaker feels about an action. The subjunctive mood

Recommendations,

Suggestions, Prohibitions…

claves:• Aconsejar- to advise

• Dejar- to allow

• Exigir- to demand

• Insisitr (en)- to insist

• Mandar- to order, command

• Pedir- to ask

• Prohibir- to prohibit

• Recomendar- to recommend

• Sugerir- to suggest

Ejemplo:

• Sugiero que llegues temprano.• I suggest that you

arrive early

Page 30: El Subjuntivo. El Subjuntivo: Overview The subjunctive is a mood in Spanish. Moods reflect how the speaker feels about an action. The subjunctive mood

Doubt, Uncertainty

• Dudar- to doubt

• Es dudososo- It’s doubtful

• Es imposible- It’s impossible

• Es improbable- It’s probable

• No es cierto- It is not certain

• No es verdad- It is not true

• No estar de acuerdo con- To not agree with

• No estar seguro (a) de- To not be sure

Page 31: El Subjuntivo. El Subjuntivo: Overview The subjunctive is a mood in Spanish. Moods reflect how the speaker feels about an action. The subjunctive mood

Doubt, Uncertainty Ejemplo y Ojo:

• Marta no está segura de que tengamos tiempo para ver la película.• Marta is not sure that we will have time to see the

movie.

• NOTE that the word NO can change the meaning of the expression and affect whether you need to use the subjunctive or indicative form of the second verb.• Dudamos que Jorge conozca al músico.

• We doubt that Jorge knows the musician.

• No dudamos que él tiene talento.• We do not doubt that he has talent.

Page 32: El Subjuntivo. El Subjuntivo: Overview The subjunctive is a mood in Spanish. Moods reflect how the speaker feels about an action. The subjunctive mood

Ojalá… only one clave

• Ojalá expresses hope

• It has only one form and cannot be conjugated

• It can be used with or with out que

• It is always used with the subjunctive

Ejemplo:

• Ojalá no llueva mañana.• I hope it doesn’t rain tomorrow.

• Ojalá que tengamos tiempo.• I hope that we’ll have time.