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The Role of TSO to integrate Renewables in Germany
Vienna, 20.10.2016
Michael Kranhold
REFIP 5.0
2
Agenda:
The Tasks of the TSOEnergiewendeGrid Operation and ExtensionTSO-DSO CooperationEnergiewende Outlook 2035
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The Tasks of the TSO
4 / 85
50Hertz as part of the European Electricity System
1. 50Hertz 2. TenneT TSO 3. Amprion4. TransnetBW
1
2
3
43
5 / 85
Owner of the transmission grid
System operator
Market developer
„Trustee“ for managing EEG* cash flows
In charge of operation, maintenance and the development of extra-high-voltage lines and power junctions (substations) as well as for the connection of large-scale generators and consumers (including offshore)
Catalyst for the development of the energy market, especially in Northern and Central-Eastern Europe.
Responsible for managing cash flows resulting from the Renewable Energy Law (EEG).
Responsible for system stability of the transmission system around the clock: frequency control and voltage regulation, congestion management.
Transmission grids are the technical backbone of the energy supply in Germany and in Europe
Source: 50Hertz * German Renewable Energy Law
6 / 85
Situation end of 2015
The power system in the 50Hertz grid area
TSO (400 kV, 220 kV)
DSO – low level (< 110 kV)
DSO – 2nd to m. level (< 110 kV)
DSO – 1st level (< 110 kV)
7 TSOs 12 conv. power plants/storages
- Amprion- TenneT- TransnetBW
- CEPS- Energinet.dk- PSE
- Schwarze Pumpe- Boxberg- Jänschwalde- Lippendorf- Reuter West- Goldisthal
- Markersbach- Hohenwarte II- Brunsbüttel (GKW)- Moorburg- Rostock- Schkopau
Other DSOs
9 Distribution System Operators
159 Distribution System Operators
Approx. 1.200 Windfarms
200 Windfarms
PV, biomass and other RES
CHP and IPP
CHP and IPP
CHP and IPP
PV, biomass and other RES
- E.DIS- ENSO Netz- SW Magdeburg - AVACON- MITNETZ Strom
- Stromnetz Berlin- Stromnetz Hamburg- TEN- WEMAG Netz
9 Windfarms 3 Steel Plants- 7 onshore- 2 offshore
Cascading
PV, biomass and other RES
7 / 85
50Hertz at a glance
Area
Total length of lines
Maximum load
Energy consumption (based on electricity supplied to end-consumers in acc. With the EEG)
Installed capacity:- of which Renewables- of which Wind
Turnover- of which grid
Workforce
109.589 km² (~31%)
10.150 km (~30%)
~ 96 TWh (~20%)
~ 16 GW(~20%)
2015
50.528 MW (~27%)26.975 MW (~30%)16.107 MW (~39%)
9,8 bn. €1,4 bn. €
955
109.360 km² (~31%)
9.800 km (~30%)
ca. 98 TWh (~20%)
~ 17 GW (~20%)
2010
38.354 MW (~35%)15.491 MW (~30%)11.318 MW (~40%)
5,6 bn. €0,6 bn. €
650
* As at 2015/12/31; approved figures will be available in August 2016; Source: 50Hertz
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Energiewende
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What are the core elements of German „Energiewende“?Policy-driven structural changes in the German energy system:
Phase out of nuclear energy production by 2022
Dynamic RES development (EEG 2.0)Targets: 40-45% share of total electricity consumption until 2025, 80% until 2050
Greenhouse gas reduction: Future of coal-fired generation in questionTarget: 40% CO2 reduction by 2020, 80-95% by 2050
Energy efficiency: 50% increase of electricity efficiency by 2050
Grid extension to transport RES energy to the big industrial centres in SouthernGermany
The German Energy Transition
10 / 85
Challenges of „Energiewende“
? Costs: How to distribute costs equally in
society?
Grid extension: How to speed it up
and raise acceptance?
Conventional power plants:
How to accompany the structural change of the
energy system
Combined Heat and Power (CHP): How
many plants needed?
Market design: How to find right balance
between market-based prices and secure investments in RES?
RES integration: How to increase
flexibility of producers and consumers?
European energy policy:
How to coordinate „Energiewende“ with
neighbouring countries?
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2000 2006 2015
RES have developed from a niche product to a dominant energy source in the 50Hertz Hertz grid area (more than 50% share of total installed generation capacity in 2015)
Wind Solar PV Biomass
RES development in Germany
~ 30,000 plants ~ 221,000 plants ~ 1,600,000 plants
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RES in the 50Hertz grid area:Present situation and forecast of installed capacity
Source: 50Hertz; As at 2015/12/31
Installed capacities in MW
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
OthersBiomassWind onshoreWind offshoreSolar PV
Installed Capacity End of 2015
Wind 16.107 MW
Solar PV 8.828 MW
Biomass 1.812 MW
Others 228 MW
Total 26.975 MW
2.100
8.100
15.491
26.975
32.600
38.150FuturePast
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RES growth requires an adaptation of the transmission grid infrastructure
Increasing transport need
Existing extra-high voltage lines from North to South Germany are overloaded – this leads to high re-dispatch costs.
Further aggravation of the problem:
Wind power generation increases in the North. Due to the nuclear phase-out, output in the South will drop by about 8 GW.
Grid adaptation is key to successfully implement the energy transition
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What key factors are essential to successfully implement the „Energiewende“?
1. Stable legal and regulatory framework conditions are essential to implement the grid expansion
2. Broad social consensus and political support at all levels as key factors to successfully implement the energy transition
3. Observing economic efficiency and avoiding and eliminating falseincentives (uniform grid fees, expanding deliverables)
4. Observing European framework - we are part of a European system
5. Further development of the electricity market design
The German Federal Government has identified the crucial issues for a successful „Energiewende“. Now its implementation is what counts.
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Grid Operation and Extension
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Conclusions
Solar eclipse 2015: A successful trial-runfor the future’s electricity system
PV-Kombi Germany, Day ahead Forecast 08.00am PV-Kombi Germany, Extrapolation
- The market mechanisms that were developed and introduced over the last years work well
- TSOs were able to grant high system stability by adapting additional measures
- A highly flexible control system as adopted in this exceptional situation will be required on a daily basis in the future
Megawatt (MW)
25.000
20.000
15.000
10.000
5.000
0
~13,7 GW
~6 GW
00:1
5:00
01:0
0:00
01:4
5:00
02:3
0:00
03:1
5:00
04:0
0:00
04:4
5:00
05:3
0:00
06:1
5:00
07:0
0:00
07:4
5:00
08:3
0:00
09:1
5:00
10:0
0:00
10:4
5:00
11:3
0:00
12:1
5:00
13:0
0:00
13:4
5:00
14:3
0:00
15:1
5:00
16:0
0:00
16:4
5:00
17:3
0:00
18:1
5:00
19:0
0:00
19:4
5:00
20:3
0:00
21:1
5:00
22:0
0:00
22:4
5:00
23:3
0:00
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50Hertz counter-measures to master unplanned load flows through the grid
Re-dispatch(„virtual PST“)
Phase shifters(physical PST) Grid extension
- Reduces system-security-relevant flows
- The challenge is to grant efficiency and cost effectiveness
- Reduces system-security-relevant flows
- Requires major investments
- Grants security of the whole electricity system
- Paves the way for an integrated European market
Short-term Mid-term Long-term
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Grid extension projects 50Hertz area since 2009 (as of 2016/6/30)
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Federal Requirement Plan 2012 as legal basis for grid extension need
Federal Requirement Plan approved by German Parliament in June 2013 –
Adjustments in Dec. 2015
- Basis: 2012 Grid Development Plan of the TSOs
- 43 projects confirmed
- 3 HVDC corridors
- Pilot project for respectively 5 direct current and alternating current cable lines
- Current Grid Development Plan confirms Federal Requirement Plan
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Progress of offshore projects in the Baltic Sea
Steady development of wind offshore projects in the Baltic Sea – Grid connections for existing projects according to plan
2011: Commissioning of Baltic 1 2012: Start of construction Baltic 2
2014: Connection granted to windfarm operators in the “Westlich Adlergrund” region; first cables ordered
2015: Allocation of grid connection capacity to the OWF Wikinger (350 MW) and Arkona-Becken Südost (385 MW)
2015: Grid connection of Baltic 2 2015: Grid Connection „Westlich Adlergrund“:
Receipt of all necessary approvals for the construction of the cable connection; start of preliminary works for the sea- and landline cable laying
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TSO-DSO Cooperation
Ten-point plan for ancillary services (AS) 22
The role of the distribution systems is undergoing drastic changes
Technological development as a result of the energy transition
Source: dena distribution system study, 2012
Shift of generation capacity to the distribution system Ancillary services can be provided by the DSOs more decentralised control required Unclear division of roles for the control of the generating units
OLD: centralised energy generation NEW: decentralised energy generation
1 millionproducers
1 millioncontrollableloads
Ten-point plan for ancillary services (AS) 23
Ten-point plan is milestone for cooperation by TSO and DSOs
Key elements of the agreement
Further development of the system security through the integration of RES feed-in
Improved coordination of the grid and system operation
Mutual exchange of operational data
Performance of pilot projects
Common efforts to bring about changes in the legal and regulatory framework
http://www.50hertz.com/Portals/3/Content/Dokumente/Medien/Positionspapiere/20140915_10-Punkte-Programm_Systemdienstleistungen-Kurzfassung.pdfhttp://www.50hertz.com/Portals/3/Content/Dokumente/Medien/Positionspapiere/10_Punkte_Programm_Systemsicherheit-Langfassung.pdf
Ten-point plan for ancillary services (AS) 24
Ancillary services and available measures
The share of renewable energy used for ancillary services needs to increase in response to the changed manner in which electricity is supplied and the rise in energy demand.
Primary control reserve Secondary control reserve Minute reserve supply Switchable and interruptible loads Automatic
frequency relays
Reactive power control
• Control of generating units
• Operation of compensation elements
Short-circuit capacity
Transformer stepping andswitchover
Black-start and islandingpotential
Commissioning with/withoutprior voltage switching
Coordination acrossgrid levels (concepts)
Feed-in management Redispatch / congestion
management Operational planning / disconnection planning Back-up power plants Data interchange (energy information network)
Frequencycontrol
Voltagecontrol
Systemrestoration
Systemcontrol
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Energiewende Outlook 2035
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Background and Motivation
The energy transition is in full swing, but future development remains uncertain Germany finds itself in an energy transition. Today, more than 30% of electricity
consumption is covered by renewable energy sources, 49% in the 50Hertz area. The upcoming development trends of this energy transition remain uncertain (esp. with
regard to the policy objective of achieving 80% of electricity usage from renewable energy sources by 2050):
Will prosumer models with PV-systems and small-scale systems prevail? Will power generation through large systems be located at profitable locations? How will the energy transition develop in other European countries?
50Hertz considers itself a service provider for the implementation of the energy transition. In this respect, 50Hertz is committed to policy objectives, socio economic welfare
and efficient solutions. Therefore, the company is analyzing possible future developments in
“50Hertz Energiewende Outlook 2035”.
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The energy development paths form a wide spectrum
Policy objectives are achieved through…
Prosumer oriented energy transition
Energy transition according to the
German renewable energy act
Competitive energy transition
Delayed energy transition
Incomplete energy transition
Policy objectives are not achieved due to…
… a strong buildup of PV systems.
… a combination of various technologies.
… large wind energy systems in profitable locations.
... planned implementation of various technologies is delayed.
… insufficient acceptance due to, for example, high costs, prevents a complete energy transition.
For the 50Hertz Energiewende Outlook 2035, five realistic energy transition scenarios have been developed.
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In all scenarios, high capacity from renewableswith different technologies is expected
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Inst
alle
d C
apac
ity in
Ger
man
y [G
W]
Pros
umer
orie
nted
ene
rgy
trans
ition
Ener
gy tr
ansi
tion
acco
rdin
g to
RE
Act
Del
ayed
ene
rgy
trans
ition
Com
petit
ive
ener
gy tr
ansi
tion
Inco
mpl
ete
ener
gy tr
ansi
tion
NEP B 2025
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
NEP B 2035
NEP B 2025
Pros
umer
orie
nted
ene
rgy
trans
ition
Ener
gy tr
ansi
tion
acco
rdin
g to
RE
Act
Del
ayed
ene
rgy
trans
ition
Com
petit
ive
ener
gy tr
ansi
tion
Inst
alle
d C
apac
ity in
Ger
man
y [G
W]
Inco
mpl
ete
ener
gy tr
ansi
tionon
shor
eof
fsho
re
Even in a delayed or incomplete energy transition, the German electricity supply in 2035 will be characterized by high shares of renewables.
Wind Power Solar Power
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0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Strong expansion of renewables also in other European countries like France and Italy is expected
Inst
alle
d C
apac
ity o
f RE
-Pla
nts
[GW
]
Italy
Poland
2020 2025 2030
Germany
France
Simulation of all European Countrieswithin the study
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ConclusionsEn
ergy
Tran
sitio
n O
utlo
ok 2
035
-Con
clus
ions
A broad range of energy transition scenarios is possible: a prosumer oriented path, a renewable energy act path, a competitive manifestation, but also a delayed or incomplete implementation.
The 50Hertz control area remains a clear net energy exporter in all energy transition scenarios, while Germany tends to become an energy importer.
50Hertz‘s planned grid expansion measures for the coming years are necessary for all possible energy transition development paths. The robustness is proven by sensitivity simulations of major trends such as storage or gas power plant allocation.
Wind power systems are the major driver of the need for the grid extension. In contrast, the allocation of gas power plants is not relevant for the grid expansion.
Even with a decomissioning of lignite power plants by 2035, 50Hertz‘s planned grid extension measures for the coming years remain necessary.
Even in a prosumer oriented energy transition, with a high number of small scale storage units combined with PV-systems, significant transmission requirements remain, and 50Hertz‘s planned grid extension measures for the coming years are essential.
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Michael Kranhold
50HertzHeidestraße 210557 Berlin
030 – 5150 –[email protected]
www.50Hertz.com
Thanks for Attention