The Radiant

Maria Eva Russo -MASD-Futures-

May 2012 !

!Time Enlighten The Radiant is a Sundial and tool of communication for the 12 principles of Permaculture, exemplified by cherish icons and images from different cultures. The Sundial, in this case, represents the human relationship with real time or the time found in nature and its cycles. The Radiant suggests seeing the earth and the sun as time rulers, is an invitation to slow down and perceive time in a different way. The aesthetics proposition used for the sundial, of detailed collage, aims to engage people to find out what is the story behind the image. People in general feel attracted to symbols and its meanings, the curiosity to know: why? who? and how? Incentives and encourage to seek for answers and knowledge. The thought to use the 12 Permaculture principles explained by images that are related to spiritual beliefs came from the inspiring image of the human being wondering and seeking answers about the universe and ourselves. That very thin line that exists nowadays between faith and science. Permaculture is a movement that, in its flexibility, leaves space for both aspects of this eternal human wonder. I personally felt motivated to investigate where and how we can found these links between faith, science and culture. It was surprising to find out how many examples were available to represent the 12 principles of Permaculture with spiritual ideas and beliefs, from past to present and all around the globe. I hope this model brings the possibility to reflect on science and spirituality and it helps to evidence that they are both, simple and complex, and the most important is thet they are connected between themselves. The sundial as a model aspires to encourage the reader to contemplate, to look into and understand Permaculture while bearing in mind how big or small could the differences being between science and faith. About the reader: This could be a useful tool to support Permaculture knowledge and faith tolerance with younger learners. Also for designers and or groups involved on sustainable and Permaculture design, as well as Humanistic orientated family groups and individuals that are interested on a more diverse and collective spiritual experience.

Observe and Interact

Our good design depends on the free and harmonious relationship between nature and people. Observation and interaction with nature provides design inspiration, repertoire and patterns.

Permaculture Principle 1 Beauty is in the eye of the beholder By taking the time to engage with nature, we can design solutions that suit our particular situation. Permaculture designers use observation and interaction to make more effective and adequate use of human capabilities. Nowadays being able to observe and interpret both local traditions and modern techniques is a powerful tool witch can be used to develop more suitable and successful systems. This tool then facilitates the generation of independent and long term thinking to design new solutions. So, to find the best path forward, Permaculture design proposes to rely more on our observational skills and sensitive interaction.

Crann Bethadh: Celtic Tree of Life. Celts understood that trees maintain the energetic and spiritual balance of earth. The tree of life (oak) was central to their beliefs. The Celtic Ogham alphabet, consists of twenty letters, each named after a different tree believed to be sacred to the druids. They had trees selected for being as which ones were best for dowsing, food, weapon making, worship, and highly beloved ones. Trees were seen as doorways to sacred time and divine realms, for example the commonly used word door comes from the Celtic word daur, meaning oak tree. The Celtic Tree of Life symbol is one that represents strength, long life, and wisdom. It represents the connection to the earth, the spirit world, and the universe. It is a symbol that endures time.

Ancient Druids were spiritually inspired by nature. Wisely observing their natural world, they interacted and connected with it. The Druids understood and acknowledged that trees were an important source for life, to such an extent that their verbal communication and the

sacred concepts of the life cycle were related to them. For them, worshiping trees was a manifestation of life understanding. We can see here how through observation and interaction the Druids created a range of systems that provided them with long-term design solutions.

Catch and Store Energy

We learn how to save and reinvest most of the wealth that we are currently consuming or wasting for our children to have a reasonable life.

Chac/Chaak/Chaahk: Mayan deity of rain. This Maya deity of the rain and also a patron of agriculture, appears both, single and as a set of four gods, one for each cardinal direction. Chac is found wielding serpents, axes and conch shells to create rain, lighting and thunder. Many stories describe Chac as central to Maya farming activities. As an integrated agriculture based on rainwater harvesting, Chac is represented in many of the sites in the Yucatn because the scarcity of water in the region. The ancient Maya dug several rain-collecting water cisterns called Chultuns. These Chultuns provided 20-45 thousand liters of drinking water. The cisterns had a diameter of more or less 5 m and were excavated in the lime subsoil with a waterproof plaster. Lots of water was stored, guaranteeing water supply even during unexpected droughts.

The Mayas developed rainwater-harvesting technologies in the 10th century AD. They understood the movements of the sky and the earth in a spiritual and scientific way. Hence, they celebrate and appreciate the value of water and its guardian spirit Chac. Mayas were excellent designers and

visionaries who could create great artefacts with a spiritual view for nature while also highly rewarding and beneficial to people.

Permaculture Principle 2 Make hay while the sun shines By developing systems that collect resources when they are abundant, we can use them in times of need. Designed ecological restoration is one of the most common expressions of environmental thinking and is a valid element in Permaculture design when it considers people as an integral part of the restored system. Permaculture strategies make use of the application of technologies and innovation while maintaining a healthy skepticism based on the premise that technological innovation is often recreating the problem in new forms. However, in cases of ecological restoration like this one, technological innovation is itself storage of wealth.

Obtain and Yield

We design systems to provide for self-reliance at all levels in a cyclic mode. Flexibility and creativity are crucial to obtain yield in the transition from growth to descent.

In this Greek tale where Zeus, somehow, returns the favours of nutrition to his divine nursemaid, we can see the idea of Obtain and Yield. Ancient agricultural communities knew that in order to obtain from the land they must give something in return. This concept was related to a

spiritual level of prosperity and abundance. The events of planting and harvesting to produce aliment can be also seen as the spiritual actions of to nourish the soul.

Permaculture Principle 3 You cant work on an empty stomach Ensure that you are getting truly useful rewards as part of the work that you are doing. The systems that most effectively obtain a yield, and use it most effectively to meet the needs of survival, tend to prevail over alternatives. This yields functions as a reward that encourages the system itself. In this way, successful systems spread. Effective sustainable design solutions should aim for rewards that encourage success, growth and replication of those solutions. It is important to rise awareness about the need for all systems to be designed to be productive in some way.

The Cornucopia, Zeus and Amalthea. The Cornucopia or Horn of Plenty is found in Greek Mythology. To protect baby Zeus of being eaten by his father Cronus, Rhea took him into a cave in Crete, were Zeus was adopted by the nymphs and nourished by the goat-goddess Amalthea. One day whilst playing, the baby, accidentally broke off one of the horns of his beloved nursemaid and then, Zeus provided the horn with the divine power of unending nourishment.

The Cornucopia is related to other beliefs, mostly related to: harvesting, prosperity or spiritual abundance. This symbol is also associated to thanksgiving celebration. In the sustainable debate Cornucopians are those who emphasized that the creative powers of technology and free markets to find substitutes for any and all scarce resources.

Apply Self-Regulation and Accept Feedback

We can design systems that are more self-regulating with better understanding of how positive and negative feedback works in nature to reduce the work involved in repeated and harsh corrective management.

The I Ching, as a spiritual and philosophical book, as well as this Permaculture principle, relies on images of nature to describe the concepts of regulation and feedback. The Hexagram 60: Limitation; uses the image of water over water to communicate the idea of overflow and with it the

need for a regulation to avoid further unwanted consequences. It is relevant to say that the Chinese book also links this analysis with the idea of the thrift that sets fixed limits upon expenditure in relation to ordinary life and fixed limits that the superior man sets upon his action with regard to the moral sphere.

Permaculture Principle 4 The sins of the father are visited on the children unto the seventh generation We need to discourage inappropriate activities to ensure that systems can continue to function well. Rebuilding self-reliance at both, the elements and system level increases resilience. A system composed of self-reliant elements is more robust to disturbance. The feedback signals from nature prevent overexploitation. Negative feedback needs to be balanced between being strong enough to produce corrective change and gentle enough to avoid the damage of the system. The earths homeostasis is a self-regulated system that stimulates the evolution and nurtures the continuity of its life forms and subsystems.

The I Ching: Hexagram60: Limitation.

The I Ching or Book of Changes is an ancient Chinese book originally used to foretell the future and indicate wise courses of action. Based on eight symbolic trigrams and sixty-four interrelated hexagrams, the book embodies Confucianism and Taoist philosophy to explain the world and its ethical principles. Describing nature and humans as a single system in terms of the interaction of yin and yang the I Ching is one of the Five Classics of Confucianism. About the Hexagram60: Limitation (the image of water over the lake) the I Ching says: Limitations are troublesome, but they are effective Limitations are also indispensable in the regulation of world conditionsBut in limitation we must observe due measureTherefore it is necessary to set limits even upon limitation

Use and Value renewable Resources & Services

We aim to make best use of renewable natural resources to manage and maintain yields, even if some use of non-renewable resources is needed in establishing systems.

To think about the idea of the Incas developing a system of solar power 1000 years ago, no just links this knowledge to this principle (redesigning simple and powerful systems to obtain renewable energy) it shows, once again, that nature wisely provides all what we need to achieve a sustainable

living, and the possibilities are huge! Also is worthy of note that, in this case, the most powerful resource for life deserves to be placed on a higher level of respect and admiration to certain stand that the Sun became a father figure for the Quechua people.

Permaculture Principle 5 Let nature take its course Make the best use of natures abundance to reduce our consumptive behaviour and dependence on non-renewable resources. Renewable resources are those that are restored by natural processes without the need for major non-renewable inputs. Renewable services are those we gain from plants, animals, living soil and water without them being consumed. Permaculture looks at redesigning systems based on simple and powerful functions that have become dependant on non-renewable and unsustainable resource use. The pursuit of total control over nature is expensive and can also lead to a negative intervention of biological systems and processes that already balance between productivity and diversity

Inti: The Inca Sun God The Incas, claimed to be Children of the Sun as direct descendants of their father God Inti, the Quechua people worshiped the Sun because it was a life giver in the Andes highlands, it provided them with food, light and warmth. The Incas developed a very precise astronomical solar calendar and were highly aware of the concept of time through it. Inti Raymi means: resurrection of the Sun this festivity is held during the winter solstice and still is the most important celebration for the Inca people. The precious gold metal also symbolizes Inti God, and most of the sacred artefacts were made of it. The latest research has found evidence of the construction of parabolic bowls made of gold and/or bronze to generate solar energy for cooking purpose and other functional reasons.

Design from Patterns to Detail

The use of observable patterns in nature and society allows us to make sense of what we see; and to use these patterns from one context and scale to another. So we are helped to organize the appropriate elements into a workable systems.

This principle suggest that the wisely arrange of vital elements in term to achieve workable systems, as nature does. The Ahalambra as a reference for sacred art and design expression as well as an example for this principle, shows how patterns, formed by details, work as a whole and the visual and

spiritual effects is to transmit the idea of unity and connectedness that is what this principle points. Scale is also a fundamental feature here. It is relevant to mention that the gardens of the Alhambra were design following this Permaculture principle, scaling patterns and using focal points to

arrange important elements to achieve aesthetic and spiritual contentment as well as environmental functionality.

Permaculture Principle 7 Cant see the wood from the tree By stepping back, we can observe patterns in nature. These can form the backbone of our designs, with the details filled in as we go. Complex systems that work tend to evolve from simple ones that work, so finding the right pattern for a design is more important than understanding all the details of the elements in the system. The forest as a model for agriculture inspired Permaculture as a powerful example of pattern thinking. An example of working from pattern to detail is the use of zones of intensity around an activity centre (farmhouse). In order to create both a bioregional and a site with individual character, we should wisely arranged elements and subsystems as well as environmental factors around this focal point to generate workable systems.

Ahalambra: Patterns & Arabesque in Islam The Islamic art possess a spiritual significance. This art crystallizes in the world of forms and the inner dimension of Islam and the independence and originality can be traced from its specific spiritual worldview. That is reflected through geometry and rhythm by arabesque and calligraphy. Mathematical and geometric patterns occurring in nature are present in the arabesque what is a balance between pure geometric form and biomorphic form, this essential relationship that lies beneath the visual surface of our world. The dialogue that exists between nature and architecture in The Alhambra is an example of architectural experience, the use of the natural elements like light and shadow as well as water are designed and organized to serve as a place of worship, as well as, become a sensual paradise much like the Garden of Eden.

Produce No Waste

We look for ways to minimize pollution and waste through designing systems to make use of all outputs. We celebrate traditional values of frugality, care for material goods and see wastes as resources and opportunities.

The spiritual idea of Samsara-continuous flow- supports the concept of the principle: Produce no waste. In a more scientific mood, we can link here the concept of human soul and body life cycles with the ones of matter and energy. The understanding of this sacred belief also applies to other living things on the planet, like animals and plants, that make even broader the connection between these two ideas of transformation. It is also interesting

how the role of Karma, creates a conscious of doing the right thing to achieve a positive Samsara, what can be related to maintaining what we already have in Permaculture Design.

Permaculture Principle 6 Waste not, want not A stitch in time saves nine By valuing and making use of all the resources that are available to us, nothing goes to waste. The industrial processes that support modern life can be characterized by an input-output model, in which the inputs are natural materials, and energy while the outputs are useful things and services. In a context of energy descent, we should acknowledge the opportunity to reduce waste and recognize those who creatively reuse waste as the very essence of living lightly on earth. Modernity has created new classes of living wastes, which proliferates in our minds and across the landscapes. Innovative and creative ways of using this upwelling of abundance and maintaining what we already have is one of the characteristics of Permaculture design.

Samsara in Hinduism: The continuous flow. Samsara is the continuous cycle of life, death, and reincarnation envisioned in most Hindu beliefs. the literal meaning is "continuous flow , to pass through states of existence. In accordance with the literal meaning, Samsara should either refer to a continuous stream of consciousness, or the continuous but arbitrary drift of passions, desires, emotions, and experiences. Believing in the illusion of separateness that persists throughout Samsara leads one to act in ways that generate Karma (a law of moral cause and effect) and thus lead to rebirth. By fully grasping the unity or oneness of all things, the believer shatters the illusion upon which Samsara is based and achieves Moksha - liberation from Samsara; the transmigration to which the soul is subject.

Integrate Rather than Segregate

We find the connections between the things in nature as important as the things themselves and we foresee and, allow for, effective ecological and social relationships that develop from self-organization and growth.

Mandalas, as a Buddhist spiritual and philosophical expression of the perception of the Universe, relate to the idea of this principle: Integrate rather than Segregate. The iconography of the Mandalas includes many and diverse symbolic elements in itself: deities, gesture and wisdoms, animals, directions, earthy and cosmic elements, and they all are in harmonic interaction with each other. it Is relevant, in this association, to notice that

Tibetan Buddhist temples, practice coexistence between ecological balances, human development, and social and cultural values.

Permaculture Principle 8 Many hands make light work By putting, the right things in the right place relationships develop between those things and they work together to support each other. By focusing on details we tend to ignore the complexity of relationships. We learn to study elements in isolation and oversee how they form part of an integrated system. By using the right infrastructure and methods of design, it is possible to develop a higher degree of integration and self-regulation between these relationships and systems. For Permaculture: Each element performs many functions and each important function is supported by many elements. Permaculture encourages mutualistic and symbiotic relationships over competitive and predatory ones.

Tibetan Mandala: The Universe. Mandalas are sacred circular spaces used in many religious traditions to represent resources of a profound nature for body, mind and spirit focused on interconnectedness, which bring about the realisation that the whole is greater than the sum of the parts. The etymology of the word "Mandala" suggests not just a circle but also a "container of essence." Mandalas are rich in symbolism that evokes various aspects of Buddhist teaching and tradition. As a model of belief it is used to systematically structure the spatial organization of Tibetan temples and surroundings at various scales, this Buddhist cosmic model is used to weave nature, architecture, religious meanings, and human movements into a Mandala world.

Use Small and Slow Solutions

We design systems to perform functions at the smallest scale, as it is practical and energy-efficient. We use human scale and capacity as a yardstick to built a more human, democratic and sustainable society.

The Kalevala can be seen here as an example of Small and Slow. Elias Lonnrots didnt imagine the impact that his meticulous scholar work would have in the consciousness of Finnish people. We can compare this example of self reliant and collective work of oral folklore collection and its effect on the people, with the concept of scale that this principle intend. I personally believe that slow and small is a very motivating tenet to apply when designing social and community systems, as it is a tangible and effective concept to describe with day-to-day examples and experiences of scale.

Permaculture Principle 9 The bigger they are, the harder they fall Slow and steady wins the race Small and slow systems are easier to maintain than big ones, making better use of local resources and produce more sustainable outcomes. Whenever we do anything of a self-reliant nature, we are making very powerful and effective use of this design principle. Mobility and speed has become an issue in affluent societies, that's why slow movements had emerged as an alternative. The end of cheap energy will shift the natural economies of scale in favour of small systems, while relative differences in economies of scale between different functions will continue.

Kalevala: Finnish Epic Poetry The Kalevala has been described as a 19th century work of Finnish epic poetry discovered among the people with Elias Lonnrots primarily role as its discoverer. He published The Kalevala in 1849 after a meticulous work of travelling and collecting the runes (poems) sung by rune-singers. The Kalevala is the Finnish equivalent of Homers work: Nibelungenlies and other celebrated epics. It is a document composed of genuine folklore material and, a valid depiction of the Finnish peoples past, their thoughts and customs. The Kalevala was to raise the Finns, after centuries of Swedish rule and then living in an autonomous Gran Duchy of Russia, into the rank of other civilized nations. The Kalevala can be seen as a vital component in the shaping of Finland. It is a collective vision of what the nation was to become.

Use and Value Diversity

Our design thinking engages in creating new bioregional diversity from richness of nature and the culture we have inherited.

The Yoruba Pantheon suggests the possibility to understand that different deities rule different aspects of nature and human life, and with it the opportunity to acknowledge diversity. An interesting point of this principle that is reflected in the Orishas example is the dynamic as a result of

balance and tension of variety and possibility, productivity and power. The Orishas followers know that depending on the nature of the problem/favour, they count with a range of helpers they can call on to be assisted in a particular circumstance.

Permaculture Principle 10 Dont put all your eggs in one basket Diversity reduces vulnerability to a variety of threats and takes advantage of the unique nature of the environment in which it resides. The great diversity of forms, functions and interactions in nature and humanity are the source of systematic complexity. The role and value of diversity in nature, culture and Permaculture is complex and dynamic and it needs to be seen as result of the balance and tension between variety and possibility as well as productivity and power. Cultural context, situation and nature of site are reflected in the diversity of different cultivated systems. The variety of structure, both living and built, is a relevant aspect of this principle as is the diversity within species and populations, including human communities.

Yoruba Pantheon: The Orishas. Ancient African deities from the Yoruba Pantheon were brought to the New World by the enslaved peoples of the African continent. These spiritual entities termed Orishas reflect one of the manifestations of Olodumare (God) in the Yoruba religious system. The Orishas are believable and extraordinarily human in their behaviour. Each one of them is credited with certain specific attributes and skills, they also have power over specific elements in nature and is believed that they control some aspects of human life, Orishas are more like ancient heroes and sages. Ancestors and culture-heroes held in reverence can also be enlisted for help with day-to-day problems the Orishas religion is linked to the idea of family. The extended family originates from a common ancestor and includes both the living and the dead.

Use Edges and Value the Marginal

When it comes to design systems and mediums, we see the edges and margins, where the most interesting events take place, as opportunities rather than problems because they are more likely to be successful and adaptable.

Bethlehem as an example of: Use edges and value the Marginal principle, links-up with the idea of conflict and coexistence in a living environment The note made about toleration and tolerance could be connected to the idea of recognizing invisible aspects of the system to increase stability. The principle and the spiritual example are both of a complex and delicate nature, however they equally suggest that a possibility for a sustainable

living also resides inside this intricate environments. The concept of hope and strength for life seems to me, a key element for this principle.

Permaculture Principle 11 Dont think you are in the right path just because it is a well-beaten path The interface between things is where the most interesting events take place; these are often the most, diverse and productive elements in the system. Within every terrestrial ecosystem, the living soil is an edge between non-living mineral earth and the atmosphere. For all terrestrial life, this is the most important edge of all. This principle indicates that value and contribution of edges, the marginal* and invisible aspects of any system should not only be recognized and conserved, but the expansion of these aspects can increase systems productivity and stability. * We discard the negative connotations associated with the word marginal, in order to see the value in elements that only peripherally contribute to a system.

Bethlehem: Conflict and Coexistence.

Bethlehem, venerated by Christians, together with other nearby sites in Israel-Palestine, some of them sacred to Islam ad Judaism, have from the first century to the twenty first frequently been focal points for contention and actual violence. In seeking to explain and understand the numerous occasions and context in which religion has been implicated in conflict, a conflict that isnt a result of religious diversity, but was rather a particular combination of circumstances. Conflict and coexistence could shift as a result of conversions from one tradition to another. In exploring different forms of coexistence, an important distinction needs to be drawn between tolerance and toleration, the first as a pragmatic attitude of mind, and the second as a matter of state policy.

!Creatively Use and Respond to Change

We design making use of change in a deliberate and cooperative way and creatively responding to large-scale system change that are beyond our control.

Noahs Ark is used here as an example for principle 12: Creatively use and respond to Change. This association is based on the idea of God commands a creative task as a solution of the inevitable environmental change to come and the preservation of further generations. Clearly we can

see here how design here plays a problem solving role. Imagination had to be applied in this story, and the motto: Vision is not seen things suits the idea of the creation of a vessel like the Ark.

Permaculture Principle 12 Vision is not seen things as they are but as they will be We can have a positive impact on inevitable change by carefully observing, and then intervening at the right time. The adoption of successful innovation in communities often follows a pattern similar to ecological succession in nature. Generational change is sometimes necessary for radical ideas to be adopted.. While it is important to integrate this understanding of continuous change into our every day life, the apparent illusion of stability permanence and sustainability relies by recognizing the scale dependant nature of change. A contextual and systematic sense of the dynamic balance between stability and change contributes to design that is evolutionary rather than random.

The flood, Noah and the Animals Stories about a universal flood have been found all around, (300 aprox.) and interpretations were made from folklorists, to anthropologists. One of the most creative and popular stories is the one about Noah and the Ark appearing in the Book of Genesis (chapters 69) and the Quran (surahs Hud and Al-Muminoon). These narratives describe the construction of a large, seagoing ark by the Patriarch Noah at God's command to save himself, his family, and the world's animals from the worldwide deluge of the Great Flood. Adherents of Judaism, Christianity and Islam, as well as other Abrahamic and non-Abrahamic faiths, have been extensively studied The Arks narrative.

To find inspiration from nature Celtic tree of life

Catch the rain to drink it when thirsty. Chac: Mayan Rain Spirit

Bring into being nourishment for the self. The Cornucopia

Unlimited possibilities are not suited to man. I Ching: Limitation

The boundless Sun and its infinite wealth. Inti: Inca Sun God

The continuous flow of life and things Samsara/Reincarnation

Arrangements from nature evolve wisely. The Alhambra

Together we are one while apart we are none. Buddhist Mandala

The path to autonomy starts slow and steady. The Kalevala

!Variety enhances opportunities. The Orishas

The verge as a place of coexistence. Bethlehem

Inventiveness is a key for the uncertain. Noahs Arc

The Radiant: A 3D Stone Sundial

With the intention to take this project further, its been thought that

introducing The Radiant into a public and open space, where the locals

would perceive and interact with it, could be an interesting idea. A park,

for example, would provide the right atmosphere for the contemplation

and wonder intended.

The idea to transform this sundial into a 3D design piece comes as a

result of evaluating ways to improve the Radiant as a model of

communication. The inclusion of a pedestal will define and give the

needed presence to the object, hence reaching the level of statement

pursued. It works like creating a body for the face.

To enhance the interaction between the artefact and the reader, a title

and a sentence were carefully select for each one of the icons, to kindly

guide the reader into every one of the ideas beyond the image, without

restrict space for personal reflection and interpretation.

To follow the concept of slow design, the material and technique

preferred to display these words were engraving on stone.

The procedure of choosing the words was lead by the research.

The titles are the names of the images and will be imprint on the

ground, following a visual sequence with every one of the sentences and

images; while the sentences will be engrave along the pedestal and were

shape by mixing words and ideas from the Permaculture principles and

the stories of the spiritual icons.

Feedback: The Sundial made me think of the relationship that exists between man and nature. We depend on it to survive... Also brought into my mind The wheel of life and how everything is connected. I felt like the sundial was talking about a world without borders, to recognize the richness of diversity.

Carolina Grant

References: The 12 Principles of Permaculture: Permaculture Principles and Pathways Beyond Sustainability by David Holmgren. 2003 Principle 1: Partnering with Nature: The Wild Path to Reconnecting with the Earth. By Catriona MacGregor 2010 Celtic Symbol Dictionary: http://celtic-symbol-dictionary.com/celtic_tree_of_life.aspx Illustration by Welsh artist Jen Delyth 1990 Principle 2: Mesoamerican Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs of Mexico and Central America. By Kay Almere Read, Jason J. Gonzlez 2000 International. Rainwater. Catchment. Systems. Association. Paper presented during the 2nd World Water Forum, The Hague, The Netherlands, March 16 - 22, 2000 http://www.irpaa.org/colheita/ Illustration by Linda Schele Principle 3: Fables Of Abundance: A Cultural History Of Advertising In America. By Jackson Lears, T. J. Jackson Lear 1994 Cowboys, Cornucopians and long-run sustainability Robert U. Ayres http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/092180099390058E Illustration/Image: http://cigarlabelblog.wordpress.com/category/cigar-label-art/page/2/ Principle 4: The I Ching Or Book of Changes edited by Hellmut Wilhelm 1950/1967/1977 http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/I+Ching http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/I%2BChing Image: http://deoxy.org/iching Principle 5: Handbook of Inca Mythology By Paul Richard Steele, Catherine J. Allen 1967/2004 http://articles.latimes.com/1986-06-15/news/mn-11299_1_inca-stonework http://www.appropedia.org/Parabolic_solar_cookers Image: National Musem, Lima , Peru. Principle 6: Berkley centre for religion peace and world affairs http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/essays/samsara-hinduism SOCIAL WORK RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS 2003-04 Working with Hindu Clients in a Spiritually Sensitive Manner Edith Cowan, Jacqueline Corcoran, Richard Embry, David Zanis, Aron Shlonsky and David R. The Social Worlc/ Volume 49, Number ] /January 2004 http://www.chaicounselors.org/files/Hodge_Working_with_Hindu_Clients.pdf Image/Illustration: Unknown

Principle 7: Islamic Art and Its Spiritual Message Dr. Khawaja Muhammad Saeed Department of Philosophy University of the Punjab, Lahore-54590, Pakistan International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 1 No. 2; February 2011 Islamic Patterns By Keith Critchlow- Foreword by Seyyed Hossein Nasr 1973 Experiencing architecture, experiencing nature. Massachusets institute of technologies Torres Mary Alice 1992 Image: http://camreading.blogspot.co.uk/2007/11/patterns.html Principle 8: The Wheel of Time Sand Mandala: Visual Scripture of Tibetan Buddhism By Barry Bryant, Rnam-rgyal Grwa-tsha! 1992 Wooltorton, S. and Marinova, D. (Eds) Sharing wisdom for our future. Environmental education in action: Proceedings of the 2006 Conference of the Australian Association of Environmental Education 84 Image: http://fractalenlightenment.com/798/artwork/mandala-the-sacred-art-of-tibetan-buddhists Principle 9: Kalevala Mythology By Juha Pentikinen Principle 10: The Growth of African Literature: Twenty-Five Years After Dakar and Fourah Bay By African Literature Association. Meeting 1998 Santera: The Religion, Faith, Rites, Magic By Migene Gonzlez-Wipple 1994 Illustration: Akseli Gallen-Kallela Ad Astra 1894 Principle 11: Religion In History: Conflict, Conversion And Coexistence By John Wolffe 2004 Bethlehem Besieged. !Stories of Hope in Times of Trouble. By Mitri Raheb - 2004 Illustration Banksy in Bethlehem Principle 12: The Flood Myth by Alan Dundes 1988 Noah's Flood: The Genesis Story in Western Thought By Norman Cohn 1996 Illustration: Nico Henrichon