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The Power of Protein
Thursday, May 30th 20191:00pm EST
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Summary handout and CPE certificate
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webinar speakers
Heather J. Leidy, PhDAssociate ProfessorPurdue University
DisclosuresFinancial Relationship
(prior 12 months)Commercial Interest
Grant/Research Support
Egg Nutrition Center Leprino
Sabra Dipping Company Roquette
Scientific Advisory Board/ Consultant/Board of
Directors
Milk PEP Beach Body LLC
Sabra Dipping Company
Speakers BureauNational Cattlemen’s Beef
Association
Agenda
• Examine the effects of increased dietary protein on health and well-being
• Identify the protein mechanisms of action
• Discuss the key factors that significantly impact the improvements in health and well-being
Healthy Living
Protein Intake
Weight Management
Modified from: Larsen TM, (2010); NEJM; 363: 2102-2113; Damsgaard CT (2013); JN; 143(6): 810-817;Aller EE, et al; IJO; 38(12); 1511-1517; 2014
*
*
Strength
Modified from: Morton RW, et al., Br. J Sports Med; 2018; 52: 376-384; Traylor DA, et al., Advances in Nutr; 2018; 9:171-182
CV Health & Diabetes
Modified from: Dong et al., 2013 Brit J Nutr; 110; 781-789
HbA1cSystolic BP Diastolic BP
Favors Protein Favors ControlFavors Protein Favors Control Favors Protein Favors Control
Appetite Control & Satiety
Energy-sensing Hunger
Appetite Control & SatietyAcute mixed-meal studies in adults providing 350 kcals as
Normal Protein (NP): 15 g PRO/meal vs. High Protein (HP): 30 g PRO/meal
*AUC, P<0.05*AUC, P<0.05
Gwin J et al, J Nutrition; Dec; 147(12); 2338-2346; 2017
Appetite Control & Satiety
Meta-analysis of intervention-based studies design to evaluate increase protein intake on fullness (in tightly controlled settings)
Dhillon J, et al.; J Acad Nutr Diet; doi:10.1016/j.jand.2016.01.003; 2016
Daily Food IntakeAcute mixed-meal studies in adults providing a range of intake as Normal Protein (NP): 15% (of energy) to High Protein (HP): 30% (of energy)
Weigle, 2005 Blatt, 2011 Koren, 2007 Gosby, 2014
*
(-440 kcals)
*
(-440 kcals) *
(-260 kcals)
*
Healthy Living
Mechanisms
GISignals
Protein Synthesis
NeuralControl
Glucose
Research MeasuresSatiety QuestionnairesBlood Sampling fMRI Brain Imaging
Body Composition
Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Snack Packouts Muscle Biopsy
Protein SynthesisAcute mixed-meal studies in adults
Before and after consumption of a higher-protein (30 g) meal
Symons et al., 2007; AJCN 86: 451-456
*pre vs. post, p<0.05
Gut HormonesAcute mixed-meal studies in adults providing 350 kcals as
Normal Protein (NP): 15 g PRO/meal vs. High Protein (HP): 30 g PRO/meal
*AUC, P<0.05*AUC, P<0.05
Gwin J et al, J Nutrition; Dec; 147(12); 2338-2346; 2017
Central Food Reward
Environmental Stimuli
Food Reward & CravingsAcute mixed-meal studies in adults providing 350 kcals as
Normal Protein (NP): 15 g PRO/meal vs. High Protein (HP): 30 g PRO/meal
Modified from: Leidy, 2011 Obesity 19(10): 2019-2025
Food-cue stimulated fMRI
Insula(food cravings)
Pre-frontal(executive control)
Post-meal Activation (NP > HP)
Glycemic Control
Alwattar, A et al.; Eur J Clin Nutr; Aug 69(8): 885-90; 2015
*p<0.05
Healthy Living
QualityKeyFactors
Protein Quantity - Diet
1.2-1.6 g protein·kg-1·d-1
(90-120 g/d women; 105-140 g/d men)
Modified from: Fulgoni V. AJCN, 2008; 87(5): 1554S-1557S; Leidy et al., AJCN 2015 review
NHANES data to identifyUS protein consumption US
Recommendations‘Optimal Protein Intake
Protein Quantity - Meal
Modified from: Paddon-Jones Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care; 2013 17: 5-11; Witard O C et al. Am J Clin Nutr 2013;99:86-95; Symons et al., 2007; AJCN 86: 451-456; Symons et al, 2009; JADA
*all
Protein synthesis
aa
bb
Satiety
Protein Quality
Protein Quality
Protein Quality - Research
No differences in:• Weight Management• Lean Mass Gain/Retention
Conflicting data for:• Energy Expenditure• Appetite/Satiety• Subsequent Food Intake
Burd NA (2012) Brit J Nutr; 108(6); 958-962; Hector et al., (2015); J Nut; 145:246-52; Gilbert J, et al, Nutr, Metab, & CVD; 2011; 21; 816-831; Bendtsen LQ et al, 2013 Adances in Clinical Nutrition; 4: 418-438
Significant Differences:• Protein Synthesis
Protein Quality – Mechanism?
~2.5 g leucine
Protein Synthesis CascadeLeucine Effects
Modified from: Layman D K , and Walker D A J. Nutr. 2006;136:319S-323S; Norton et al, 2012; Nutrition & Metabolism; 9: 67
Protein Quality – Leucine
Modified from: Layman D K , and Walker D A J. Nutr. 2006;136:319S-323S; Norton et al, 2012; Nutrition & Metabolism; 9: 67
Protein Synthesis in Ratsfollowing 15% protein diets
Satiety in womenfollowing bars varying in leu
Time (min)
Fu
lln
ess
(mm
)
0 40 80 120 160 200 240
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
800 g LP
2 g LP
3 g LP
iAU
C F
ull
nes
s (m
m*
4h
)
0 g LP 2 g LP 3 g LP 0
130
260
390
520
650
780
abba
Protein Timing at Breakfast
Modified from: Paddon-Jones D, (2015); AJCN; Brown A, et al.,2013 AJCN; Leidy; British J Nutrition; 2009; 101: 798-803
Protein Consumption fromNHANES assessing distribution
*all (p<0.05)
Fullness following high proteinbreakfast, lunch, vs dinner meals
Protein Timing at Breakfast
Modified from: Leidy, HJ, 2013; AJCN 97(4): 677-688; Leidy HJ, et al.; Obesity; Sep;23(9):1761-4; 2015
Studies in Overweight ‘Breakfast-skipping’ Adolescents350 kcal Normal Protein (13 g) vs. High Protein (~30 g) Breakfasts
Compared to skipping or eating a NP breakfast, a HP breakfast:
Daily satiety (fullness & PYY)
Daily appetite (hunger & ghrelin)
Evening brain-driven food cravings
Daily food intake (primarily from unhealthy snacks)
Protein Timing at Breakfast
Modified from: Leidy, HJ, 2013; AJCN 97(4): 677-688; Leidy HJ, et al.; Obesity; Sep;23(9):1761-4; 2015
Studies in Overweight ‘Breakfast-skipping’ Adolescents350 kcal Normal Protein (13 g) vs. High Protein (~30 g) Breakfasts
Compared to skipping or eating a NP breakfast, a HP breakfast:
Daily satiety (fullness & PYY)
Daily appetite (hunger & ghrelin)
Evening brain-driven food cravings
Daily food intake (primarily from unhealthy snacks)
Protein Timing at Breakfast
Bauer L; Int J Obesity; Sept 39(9): 1421-4, 2015
Free-living Glycemic Control
Studies in Overweight ‘Breakfast-skipping’ Adolescents350 kcal Normal Protein (13 g) vs. High Protein (~30 g) Breakfasts
Summary
• Consuming higher-protein diets improves health outcomes across the lifespan
• Key protein-related factors of significance:
• Quantity: ~30 g protein/meal • Quality: healthful diet includes protein variety
• Unique opportunity for increased dietary protein within the breakfast eating occasion
