The Nation Grows The Nation Grows and Prospersand Prospers

U.S. HistoryU.S. History

Chapter 11Chapter 11

Industrial Revolution BeginsIndustrial Revolution BeginsFactories Factories changed the way changed the way goods were goods were manufactured by manufactured by increasing the increasing the rate of rate of productionproduction..

Industrial Revolution BeginsIndustrial Revolution Begins►The production of The production of

textiles established textiles established the the model for model for industrial factories industrial factories in the 1800s.in the 1800s.

►Creation of textile Creation of textile factories allowed factories allowed for a for a manufacturing manufacturing economy in the economy in the Northeast.Northeast.

Industrial Revolution BeginsIndustrial Revolution Begins► Industrialization Industrialization

in America in America created created more more employment employment opportunities for opportunities for immigrantsimmigrants

►This resulted in This resulted in the the influx of influx of immigrants immigrants into into AmericaAmerica

Industrial Revolution BeginsIndustrial Revolution BeginsBritish mechanic British mechanic Samuel Slater Samuel Slater memorized the memorized the machine design machine design and brought and brought textile factory textile factory information information to to the United the United States.States.

Industrial RevolutionIndustrial RevolutionThe creation The creation of power of power looms made looms made more jobs more jobs available for available for women and women and children.children.

Industrial RevolutionIndustrial RevolutionA major A major impact impact industrializatiindustrialization had on on had on America was America was by by widening widening the gap the gap between rich between rich and poor.and poor.

UrbanizationUrbanization►Industrial Industrial

Revolution led to Revolution led to increased U.S. increased U.S. urbanization urbanization

►Population moved Population moved from the rural from the rural farming areas to farming areas to the citiesthe cities

UrbanizationUrbanization►Most of the jobs Most of the jobs

that were created that were created as a result of the as a result of the Industrial Industrial Revolution were Revolution were located in the located in the Northeast.Northeast.

►New York City was New York City was the largest city by the largest city by 1840s.1840s.

Western ExpansionWestern Expansion

Building of the Building of the Erie Canal Erie Canal benefited benefited commerce by commerce by providing a providing a faster means faster means of of transportation.transportation.

Western ExpansionWestern ExpansionJob availability Job availability for immigrants for immigrants increased increased sharply due in sharply due in part to the part to the building of building of canals for canals for transportation transportation throughout the throughout the United StatesUnited States

InventionsInventions

Inventions of Inventions of interchangeable interchangeable parts, the train, parts, the train, steamboat and steamboat and cotton gin cotton gin contributed to the contributed to the rise of rise of industrialization.industrialization.

InventionsInventions

Eli Whitney invented Eli Whitney invented interchangeable interchangeable parts, parts, changing the changing the way America’s way America’s factories operated factories operated during the Industrial during the Industrial Revolution.Revolution.

InventionsInventions

InterchangeabInterchangeable parts le parts decreased the decreased the cost of cost of producing producing goods.goods.

InventionsInventions

The railroad The railroad system led to rapid system led to rapid industrialization industrialization because it enabled because it enabled more efficient more efficient transportation transportation and and disbursement of disbursement of industrial goods industrial goods nationwidenationwide

InventionsInventionsThe invention of The invention of the the steamboatsteamboat enhanced enhanced America’s America’s economic economic development by development by making river making river transportation transportation easier.easier.

InventionsInventions

Whitney’s Whitney’s invention of the invention of the cotton gin cotton gin resulted in resulted in more more efficient efficient processing of processing of cotton cotton in the in the South.South.

Industrial Revolution Cause-Industrial Revolution Cause-EffectEffect

►Industrial Industrial growth led to growth led to urban growthurban growth

►Factories Factories increased the increased the rate of rate of production production of of goodsgoods

Industrial Revolution Cause-Industrial Revolution Cause-EffectEffect

►Improved Improved roads roads leading to leading to western western expansion expansion of the of the nationnation

►Sectionalism Sectionalism beginning to beginning to threaten national threaten national unityunity

Industrial Revolution Cause-Industrial Revolution Cause-EffectEffect

Industrial Industrial Revolution Revolution also resulted also resulted in in widening widening gap between gap between rich and poor.rich and poor.

Era of Good FeelingsEra of Good Feelings

President James President James Monroe helped Monroe helped create a new sense create a new sense of national unity.of national unity.

After War of 1812, After War of 1812, U.S. enjoyed a U.S. enjoyed a period of economic period of economic growth growth

Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine

U.S. successfully U.S. successfully challenged challenged European European intervention, or intervention, or direct direct involvement, in involvement, in Latin America.Latin America.

Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine

United States United States was determined was determined to keep to keep European powers European powers out of the out of the Western Western Hemisphere.Hemisphere.

Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine““The American The American continents are continents are henceforth not to henceforth not to be considered as be considered as subject for future subject for future colonization by any colonization by any European powers.”European powers.”

SectionalismSectionalism►Loyalty to one’s Loyalty to one’s

state or section state or section rather than to rather than to the nation as a the nation as a whole.whole.

►Made national Made national unity more unity more difficultdifficult

SectionalismSectionalism►Contrasts Contrasts

between North between North and South were and South were significant in the significant in the type of economic type of economic industries.industries.

►The South had a The South had a rural, agricultural rural, agricultural economy due to a economy due to a favorable climate.favorable climate.

SectionalismSectionalismNorth:North:►Free (choice) laborFree (choice) labor►Short growing Short growing seasonseason►Strong industrial Strong industrial basebase►Strong federal Strong federal governmentgovernment►High tariffsHigh tariffs

SectionalismSectionalismNorth:North:

Primary reason Primary reason for growth of for growth of industrialization industrialization was the was the rapid rapid rise in the rate of rise in the rate of urbanization.urbanization.

SectionalismSectionalismSouth:South:►Slavery and free Slavery and free laborlabor►Long growing Long growing seasonseason►Reliance upon Reliance upon agricultureagriculture►States’ rightsStates’ rights►Low tariffsLow tariffs

SectionalismSectionalismThe plantation The plantation economic system economic system was developed in the was developed in the South due to the South due to the availability of availability of inexpensive laborinexpensive labor..

Cotton production Cotton production thrived due to thrived due to slave slave labor, cotton gins, labor, cotton gins, and textile factories.and textile factories.

Protective TariffsProtective Tariffs

Senator Henry Clay Senator Henry Clay wanted to promote wanted to promote economic growth by economic growth by protecting American protecting American manufacturers manufacturers by by taxing imported taxing imported goods.goods.

Protective TariffsProtective Tariffs““The sole object of The sole object of the tariff is to tax the tariff is to tax the produce of the produce of foreign industry, foreign industry, with the view of with the view of promoting American promoting American industry.”industry.”

Henry Clay was Henry Clay was discussing discussing protective tariffs.protective tariffs.

Protective TariffsProtective TariffsSoutherners opposed Southerners opposed protective tariffs on protective tariffs on imports because they imports because they tended to tended to favor favor northern states northern states who who specialized in specialized in manufacturing, manufacturing, giving the North an giving the North an unfair political unfair political advantage.advantage.

Protective TariffsProtective TariffsTariffs Tariffs unintentionallunintentionally furthered y furthered growth of growth of sectionalism.sectionalism.

Supreme Court ExpandsSupreme Court Expands►McCulloch v. McCulloch v.

Maryland Maryland (1819) (1819) ►Court ruled that Court ruled that

states had no power states had no power to control federal to control federal institutionsinstitutions within within their borders.their borders.

►Clarified Clarified constitutional powers constitutional powers of of CongressCongress

Supreme Court ExpandsSupreme Court Expands

►Gibbons v. Ogden Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)(1824)

►OnlyOnly federal federal government has government has the power to the power to regulate foreign regulate foreign and interstate and interstate commercecommerce, or trade , or trade between statesbetween states

Good Luck on your test!Good Luck on your test!