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THE UNIVERSITY

OF ILLINOIS

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I L _- I I L I'~I_

L I II IIII I I I

THE

MEDEA OF EURIPIDES,

WITH NOTES AND AN INTRODUCTION,

BY

FREDERIC D. ALLEN, PH. D.,PROFESSOR IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI.

BOSTON:

GINN AND HEATH.

1880.

COPYRIGHT, 1876.

BY GINN BROTHERS.

UNIVERSITY PRESS :

JOHN WILSON & SON, CAMBRIDGE.

PREFACE.

OF the conjectural emendations in the text of the Medea

which have been, especially during the last few decades,proposed in great numbers, such and such only have been

adopted in the present edition as seemed to me either quite

certain or in the highest degree probable. For the rest the

best manuscripts have been closely followed in the main.

Anything like an incisive treatment of the text is, in my

opinion, out of place in editions intended for learners. Only

in a few hopelessly garbled passages the need of furnishing

a readable text in decent metrical form has led me to admit

bolder and more uncertain alterations. Here due warningis given the reader in the notes.

In interpretation I have striven for correctness ratherthan for originality, and have of course derived much fromothers. Brevity had to be studied, but I have not know-

ingly slurred over any real difficulty.

The following editions have been used: Porson's; Elms-

ley's (German reprint with Hermann's notes); Kirchhoff's

editions of 1855 and 1867; Dindorf's (Oxford edition1839, and Poetae Scenici 1868); Nauck's 3d edition, 1871,

iv PREFACE.

also his Euripideische Studien; Schoene's Medea, 1853;

Pflugk and Klotz's 3d edition, 1867; Witschel's, 1858;

Paley's 2d edition, 1872; Weil's, 1868; Hogan's Medea,1873; Wecklein's Medea, 1874. This last-named excel-

lent work has been of especial use.

Corrections or suggestions from any quarter will be grate-fully received.

F. D. A.

CINCINNATI, September, 1876.

INTRODUCTION.

~-44---

I. EURIPIDES.

§ 1. Life. -What we know of Euripides' personal history,excluding what is plainly fabulous, is substantially this. Helived from 480, or a little earlier, to 406 B. c. The currentbelief was that he was born in Salamis on the day of the sea-fight, but this has the air of an invention. His father's name wasMnesarchus or Mnesarchides; his mother's, Clito. The latter atleast was of humble origin. Euripides was of a studious andspeculative turn, an ardent disciple of the philosophers and soph-ists of his day, Anaxagoras, Prodicus, Socrates, and others. Hisfirst play he exhibited at the age of twenty-five; thirteen yearslater he gained for the first time the first prize. Of a gloomytemperament, never personally popular with his countrymen, andnot successful in his profession at first (he won only five dra-matic victories), he seems to have suffered from a morbid sensi-tiveness, a consciousness of being misunderstood, a feeling some-times reflected in his works. He lived aloof from the world, inthe midst of his large collection of books. There was sometrouble in his domestic relations; with neither his first nor hissecond wife did he live happily. His last years were spentabroad, first in Magnesia, then at the court of Archelaus, theMacedonian king, at Pella, where he died and was buried, acenotaph being erected at Athens. He left three sons, theyoungest of whom followed his father's profession. The popu-larity of his plays at the close of his life and throughout laterantiquity was extraordinary.

INTRODUCTION.

§ 2. Works. - Of Euripides' 75 (according to others 92)plays, there have come down to us 19, or excluding the 'P)o-os,which is almost universally thought to be spurious, 18. Theseare : "AXK1-(TTL , 'Av8poid-qXr, B&IKXaL, cEKad3 y, cEXv Ev, 'HXEKTpa,

'HpaKXELcSa, 'HpaKj ^ 3 aLVO/EVos , O IKETtES, ITTdXvro;TO, '1 -0EcEL,- Ev Av'Xt L, 'Ity VELa EV TapoLs, "Iwv, KvKXWo (a satyric

drama), M ctELa, 'Opd CrTs, TppdBE;, doVLo-oatL. The dates of thefollowing six are known with certainty: Alcestis, 438; Medea,431; Hippolytus, 428; Troades, 415; Helena, 412; Orestes, 408.A few others can be approximately placed. The Bacchae andIphigenia in Aulis were produced after the poet's death.

§ 3. Spirit and Tendency. - Though a contemporary ofSophocles, Euripides belongs in spirit to a different age. He isa representative of the new Athens of his time, of the new ideas,political, moral, and aesthetic, which were just coming into vogue,supplanting the sterner and simpler notions of the old-fashionedcitizens. It is the Athens of Demosthenes and Praxiteles, ratherthan that of Pericles and Phidias, for which Euripides wrote.Rhetoric and philosophical speculation had much to do with thischange. Euripides shares the artificial tastes and the scepticalspirit of the new school.

To give vivid pictures of human passion is Euripides' chiefaim, and in this his strength lies. He is in no sympathy withthe mythical spirit; the myths he uses only as the vehicle of hisown conceptions. The notion of an all-controlling Fate and of ahereditary family curse are much less prominent than with Aes-chylus and Sophocles. There is less lofty ideality in his concep-tions; his characters are more like those of every-(day life, their

passions less removed from common experience. This accords ingeneral with modern taste; indeed, it has often been observedthat Euripides stands nearer to the modern dramatists than dohis predecessors. He excites often a livelier sympathy; henceAristotle calls him "the most tragic of the poets." But Eurip-ides has sometimes gone too far in this direction, and introducedcharacters too commonplace and incidents altogether trivial.

INTRODUCTION.

§ 4. Style. - Euripides is smooth and dexterous in the useof language; free from the turgidity of Aeschylus, but not freefrom rhetorical artifice. Even smaller verbal quibbles, paradoxi-cal expressions, alliterations, and the like, he does not disdain.Characteristic of him are the long arguments between his person-ages on questions of right and wrong, sometimes quite irrelevantto the matter in hand. Almost every play has one or more ofthese. The author delights, even when one side is manifestly inthe wrong, to display his skill in making out a specious argument.He is fond of philosophizing through the mouths of his char-acters, and the abundance of maxims (yvJopat), reflections, andgeneralizations on social and religious topics - another effect ofthe rhetorical training of that day -went far to render Eurip-ides attractive in later times. The histrionic art had developedin his day, and this influenced composition; the actors had tobe furnished with telling and pointed speeches and striking situ-ations. Scenery, too, had come to be a matter of importance,and some plays (Troad., Her. Fur.) must have depended largelyon their scenic effects for success.

§ 5. Form. - The internal economy of his plays is often de-fective; his plots lack coherence and compactness. In generalhe relies on striking passages and thrilling scenes more than onunity and symmetry of the whole. But there is much differenceamong his plays in this respect. Two things have been especially

blamed: 1. The so-called Och <irr pXXav4s, the express interfer-

ence of a god at the end of the play to solve the difficulties of

the situation. 2. His prologues, long soliloquies in which the

situation is expounded, often baldly and awkwardly, to the hear-

ers. Euripides was responsible for metrical and musical innova-

tions concerning the merits of which we can no longer judge.

The chorus is diminished in importance; its odes are often mere

interludes, having little to do with the dramatic situation. His

later pieces show frequent resolutions in the iambi, and containlong and irregularly constructed monodies.

§ 6. Moral Tendency. - Euripides has been unjustly at-

INTRODUCTION.

tacked (notably by Aristophanes the comedian, and in moderntimes by Schlegel) on ground of exercising a debasing influenceon morals. But much that seemed corrupting to his conservativecontemporaries, as Aristophanes, cannot appear so to us; and

those sentiments which have been cited as inculcating false mo-rality seem mostly harmless when taken in connection with thesituation and the persons who utter them. They are not to betaken for Euripides' own sentiments. To a few places in whichthe justice and providence of the gods are openly denied, excep-tion may, perhaps, be fairly taken.

§ 7. His Misogynism was much blamed by the ancients,but this trait has been greatly exaggerated. (Euripides brings for-ward in several plays women of strong passions and doing greatmischief (Medea, Phaedra, Hecuba), but on the other hand hasdepicted noble and admirable types of womanhood (Alcestis,Iphigenia, Macaria). He possessed a deep insight into femalecharacter, and was fond of portraying it in all its phases, thedark as well as the light. He is particularly skilful in this, andhis women, even the bold and unlovely ones, are thoroughlyfeminine.

Without trying to excuse his many defects, and without pre-tending to rank him with Aeschylus and Sophocles, we must yetrecognize in Euripides dramatic genius of a high order.

§ 8. Manuscripts and Scholia. - The Euripidean man-uscripts were first classified by Kirchhoff in his edition of 1855.Those which possess any authority form two classes. Nine plays(Hec., Or., Phoen., Med., Hipp., Ale., Andr., Troad., Rhes.) areextant in iMss. of both classes, the remaining ten in those of thesecond class only. These last plays were little known and readby the Byzantines, and have narrowly escaped perishing alto-gether.

CLASS 1. Uninterpolated copies (complete or partial) of a re-cension current in the Middle Ages, comprising the nine playsabove mentioned. These Mss. have the highest authority.The principal ones are: Codex Marcianus in Venice (5 plays),

4

INTRODUCTION.

Cod. Vaticanus (9 plays), Cod. Havaiensis (Copenhagen, 9 plays),Cod. Parisinus (6 plays).

CLASS 2. Copies of a different and far rarer recension whichembraced at least 19 pieces, but contained a text of less purity,which had been tampered with by would-be correctors. Theauthority of these Mss. is therefore inferior, and the plays foundonly in them are accordingly difficult of criticism and cannot beso nearly restored. The two most important Mss. of this classare Cod. Palatinus at Rome (13 plays) and Cod. Florentinus(18 plays).

Scholia exist only to the nine plays found in Mss. of Class 1.

Some of them are old and valuable. They are edited by W.Dindorf, Oxford, 1863, in 4 vols.

§ 9. Editions.-- I name only the most important and com-prehensive, omitting all of single plays --

R. Porson (4 plays), 1797- 1811.P. Elmsley (3 plays), 1813- 1821.G. Hermann (12 plays), 1800- 1841.A. M11atthiae, large edition, 10 vols., 1813-1837. Now antiquated.W. Dindorf, Oxford edition with notes, 4 vols., 1832-1840. Most

recently in Poetae Scenici Graeci, Leipzig, 1870.Pflugk and Klotz (11 plays), Gotha and Leipzig, 1840 - 1867. Over-

conservative.A. Kirchhoff, larger edition with critical notes only, 2 vols., Berlin,

1855. This edition marks a new epoch in the text-criticism. Smalleredition with chief variants, 3 vols., Berlin, 1868.

A. Nauck, Text, 2 vols., Leipzig, 1871. Valuable emendations.F. A. Paley, English notes, 3 vols., London, 1858- 1860 (Vols. I.

and II. now in second edition, 1872- 1875).H. Weil (7 plays), French notes, Paris, 1868.Of separate editions of the Medea the following deserve men-

tion :

Kirchhoff's, Berlin, 1852.Schoene's, Leipzig, 1853.Wecklein's, Leipzig, 1874.

INTRODUCTION.

II. THE MEDEA.

§ 10. The Medea was produced B. c. 431, with the Philoc-tetes, Dictys, and Theristae, ahd took only the third rank. Itis presumably the earliest of the preserved plays, except the Al-cestis. In merit it ranks at least as high as any.

§ 11. Outline of the Plot. - Medea is the daughter ofAeetes, king of Colchis, and like her father's sister, Circe, isendowed with knowledge of magic. Enamored of Jason, whocomes with the Argonauts in quest of the Golden Fleece, shehas enabled him by her arts to accomplish the tasks imposed onhim by Aeetes, - the yoking of the fire-breathing bulls, thesowing of the dragon's teeth, the destruction of the crop of armedwarriors, -- and finally to slay the dragon which guarded the fleeceitself; she has killed her brother Apsyrtus to facilitate theirescape by detaining the pursuers, and has fled with Jason toGreece. They arrive at Iolcus in Thessaly, where the crafty

Pelias, Jason's uncle, is king. The throne is rightfully Jason's,for Pelias had seized it from Aeson, Jason's father, and between

the usurper and the rightful claimant there is mutual fear and

distrust. In Jason's behalf Medea compasses the death of Pe-

lias; she persuades his own daughters to slay him and boil him

in a kettle, in the belief that through her enchantments they

will thus be able to renew his youth. From the consequencesof this deed Jason and Medea seek refuge in flight, and make

their abode in Corinth. Here they live peacefully as exiles for

a time, but Jason presently tires of his barbarian spouse, devoted

though she is, and longs for a connection which shall advance

him in wealth and dignity in his new home; accordingly he

deserts Medea, and receives in marriage the daughter of Creon,the king of the country. All the passion of Medea's wild and

unbridled nature is roused by this indignity. Here the play

opens.

Prologue (1 - 130). - Medea's nurse in a soliloquy sets forth

INTRODUCTION.

the situation and describes her mistress's passionate grief, whichshe fears may lead her to some desperate deed. The rrataywy

or slave-guardian of Medea's two children enters with his charge.He has heard a rumor that Medea and the children are banishedby a royal edict. He is bidden to withhold this from Medea,and to keep the boys in close seclusion. Medea's voice is heardfrom within in outbursts of despair and rage.

Parodus (131- 213). - The Chorus of Corinthian women,friends of Medea, approach to express their sympathy. Medeastill speaks from within. , The nurse, at the request of the chorus,enters the house to persuade her mistress to appear.

First Episode (214 - 409). - Medea comes forth in answer tothe summons, in a calmer mood. She describes her forlorn con-dition feelingly, and exacts from the chortis a promise of silencein case she shall find means for requiting her enemies. Creonnow enters to announce the decree of exile against her, on groundof threats uttered against the royal family. Medea feigns sub-mission and innocence, and by humble entreaty obtains a respiteof one day. No sooner is Creon's back turned than her mienchanges, and she declares her intention of accomplishing her re-venge within the allotted day, - by her secret arts, should anyrefuge open to her where she may afterwards seek safety, other-wise openly, dagger in hand. She will meanwhile wait to seewhether such means of safety shall present themselves.

First Stasimon (410 - 445). - A choral ode.

Second Episode (446 - 626).- A spirited scene between Jasonand Medea. The former comes to offer Medea money for herjourney. To her passionate invective Jason replies with whatsophistry he may. The calm impudence with which he proffershis wretched excuses for his conduct, and even feigns to act themagnanimous toward the woman he has wronged, reveal him asa heartless villain. His offers of assistance are scornfully re-jected.

Second Stasimon (627- 662). - A choral song.Third Episode (663 - 823). - The hoped-for aid comes to Me-

INTRODUCTION.

dea in the person of Aegeus, who chances to be passing throughCorinth on his way to consult Pittheus concerning an obscureoracle which has been given him at Delphi. He asks the causeof Medea's grief, and at her entreaty promises her protection ifshe will come to his court at Athens. When Aegeus is gone,Medea unfolds to the chorus the plan which she has dimly hadin mind from the outset. She will send her children to theprincess, Jason's bride, entreating her intercession in their be-half, and they shall take her as a present a poisoned robe, toput on which will be certain death. Having thus destroyed herrival, she will slay her own children as the bitterest retaliationshe can inflict on Jason. In pursuance of this plan the nurseis despatched to summon Jason to a new interview.

Third Stasimon (824 - 865). - Choral ode.

Fourth Episode (866 - 975). - Jason reappears, and Medeain an altered tone pretends to have considered the matter anew,and to have laid aside her wrath. She asks forgiveness for herformer language, expresses. approval of his course, and begs forhis good offices with his bride in behalf of the children. Jason,thrown completely off his guard, promises this, and the boys aresent with the gifts. Remarkable in this scene is the mixtureof real and pretended feeling on Medea's part; in the midst ofher feigned contrition she is melted to real tears at the thoughtof what awaits the children.

Fourth Stasimon (976 - 1001). - Choral ode.

Fifth Episode (1002 -1250). - The paedagogus, returningwith the children, announces that their mission has been suc-cessful, and that the boys are freed from the sentence of banish-ment. Medea bids him retire, and struggles long with herself;her heart fails her when she thinks of child-murder, but her evilpassions nerve her to the deed. A pause ensues while theyawait further news, which is filled by a long anapaestic passagefrom the chorus. Then a messenger arrives in breathless hasteto bring tidings of the catastrophe. The princess and Creon arekilled by the poisoned robe. Their death is described at length.Medea enters the house to slay her children.

INTRODUCTION.

Fifth Stasimon (1251 -1292). - The chorus implores the godsto prevent the unnatural crime. The cries of the ill-fated chil-dren are heard from within.

Exodus (1293- 1419). - Jason comes hoping to save his chil-dren from the hands of the exasperated Corinthians. Learningwhat has just happened, he is overwhelmed with rage and sor-row. As he is trying to force his way into the dwelling, Medea,with the bodies of the children, appears aloft in a chariot drawnby winged dragons, which has suddenly been sent to her aid byHelios. After some further parley, Medea announces that shewill bury the bodies in the temple of Hera Acraea, and institutea solemn feast in their honor; then predicting Jason's death, shedeparts exulting in the completeness of her revenge.

§ 12. Remarks. - The interest all centres in Medea andher all-absorbing passion. Her love and hate are terrible intheir strength. The poet lays stress on her being a foreigner;he means to depict human nature in its wilder phase, with pas-sions unmitigated by the restraining influences of laws andHellenic civilization. Aside from this vehemence there is nograndeur in the character, no moral elevation. Our sympathycan only partly go with her; we cannot, even from a Greekpoint of view, approve her revenge, nor regard it as a deed neces-sary under the circumstances; yet there is a vivid reality in it.

But how is it that the murder of his children is so terrible apunishment for Jason, worse than even his own death, whichMedea is perfectly able to bring about ? Certainly it is not thatJason loves the children so extraordinarily. For although 562fig., 914 fig. he affects great interest in their welfare, still thisdoes not prevent his acquiescing quite unconcernedly in thedecree which banishes them, nor does it occur to him to attemptto have this decree revoked until Medea, 940, proposes it; hisindifference to his children is subject of remark, 76, and Medeataunts him with it, 1396, 1401. He first shows real solicitudein their behalf after the death of his bride. The real force ofthe punishment consists then in leaving him without children to

INTRODUCTION.

perpetuate the family and to support him in old age, and is fullyfelt only in connection with the murder of his new wife, whichcuts off all hope of future offspring. The bitterness of this lotto a Greek mind can be only imperfectly understood by us. Tohim the extinction of his race was a terrible misfortune. Andthat herein lies the weight of Medea's revenge is plain from 803fig. and 1348. It is, however, to be noted that the poet ignoresthe obvious possibility that Jason may take yet a third wife andbeget children. We might, indeed, understand the predictionof Jason's death, 1386, as intended to cut off this resource, if wesupposed a speedy death to be meant; but that again is hardlyconsistent with the words uEVE Ka yqpas, 1396. There is,therefore, plainly, this weak point in the construction of thepiece.

The sending of the dragon-chariot is a sudden intervention on

the part of the god, for otherwise Medea's excuse for her child-murder, that the boys must in any case die (1060, 1236), wouldnot hold good, since there would be the possibility of her savingthem as well as herself by flight. Aristotle blames this super-natural intervention at the close, but there is this to be said forit, that the winding-up of the action does not depend in anygreat measure on it, there being nothing to show that Medeaherself could not escape without the chariot, as she has expectedto do throughout. The most that the chariot does is to enableher to rescue and bury the bodies of the children, and to appeartriumphant in the last colloquy with Jason, while it enhances,of course, the scenic effect of the close. With more justice onemight find fault with the introduction of Aegeus, whose appear-ance just at the nick of time is purely accidental and not broughtabout by anything in the action itself. In fact this scene has

little dramatic interest or import, and seems to be introducedmainly to bring on the stage an Athenian national hero.

It is somewhat surprising to find Medea at the end imposinga festival in atonement for her own crime on the Corinthians,whom she has just made her bitter enemies. We must suppose

10

INTRODUCTION.

that the authority of Hera is to effect this, who is the protectressof Medea as of all the Argonauts."

The character of Jason is that of complete selfishness, a selfish-ness which has overrun and stifled his natural good impulses.Creon is imperious but well-meaning. Aegeus is a mere lay-figure. The servants, on the other hand, are well conceived;the nurse, with her bustling anxiety, is particularly good.

§ 13. Question of Double Recension. -- There seems tobe some reason for thinking that the Medea has undergone arevision or alteration since its first production, and that we havenot the play exactly in its original form. Porson, Boeckh, Her-mann, and others have thought this; Elmsley, Matthiae, Pflugk,have denied it. The chief considerations in favor are: 1. Thedittography (passage written in two ways), 723, 724, 729, 730 =725-728; see note. Hermann thinks 777= 778, 779, anothersuch. 2. Words quoted from Medea, but not found in our play.Such are the words W OEpfdOvX ov crrkXyXvov, said by the Schol.

Aristoph. Ach. 119 to be iv T2 MyEl EpL r ov. Aristophanes

Pax 1012 quotes EK M Elas (whose Medea he does not say) 6X'-av, "X' av, not in our Medea (yet see 97), but found Iph. T. 152.

Lastly in Ennius' Medea is a translation of the verse eo-w o-o c--rTv o-r(t o X ar i a-c-c , which Cicero (Fam. 13, 15) quotes

from Euripides. None of these reasons are cogent; the dittog-raphy may be due to an interpolator, the Scholiast and Aris-tophanes might have quoted carelessly, and the Ennian verse isprobably a case of contaminatio. Other things that have beenurged as evidence of a double recension are altogether trifling.

§ 14. Relation to Neophron's Medea. - Neophron, acontemporary of Euripides, wrote a Medea which, according toAristotle and Dicaearchus (see the first Hypothesis), served as amodel for Euripides; nay, they seem to think the latter guiltyof plagiarism in appropriating Neophron's work.

* Boeckh fancied that in the first edition of the piece it was Hera her-self who commanded this in person.

11

INTRODUCTION.

And in truth Neophron's play, as is plain from the extant frag-ments (see Appendix), was very like Euripides'. Aegeus wasintroduced, but as coming expressly to consult Medea, about theoracle, not as on his way to Pittheus. There was likewise ascene corresponding to 1021 fig., in which Medea wavered be-tween love for her children and desire for revenge. And at theend Jason's death was predicted by Medea as at 1386, not, how-ever, the same manner of death, but suicide.

If, as is implied in the above statement, Neophron's play waswritten before Euripides', the credit for the design must be duein large measure to the former; Euripides must have followedhim closely in the plot and construction of the piece, thoughSthat he borrowed his language is unlikely." But the peculiarpower of the Euripidean play seems to have thrown its prede-cessor quite into the shade.

§ 15. Scenery, etc. --The scene represents the front ofMedea's house, the orchestra an open space before it. The pal-ace and Jason's house are supposed to be on the right, the sidewhence personages coming from the city or harbor regularly en-tered. At the end of the piece Medea and her dragon-car appearaloft, either upon the jyXav4, a contrivance for sudden appari-tions situated at the top of the scene-wall, or on the aip tla, aswinging machine suspended with cords from above.

The Protagonist had of course the part of Medea; the Deutera-gonist probably those of the nurse, Jason, and the messenger;the Tritagonist those of the paedagogus, Creon, and Aegeus.The few lines assigned the boys (outcries from behind the scene)would also be spoken by the Deuteragonist and Tritagonist.

* Wecklein contends that the notice in question is wrong, and that Eu-ripides' first Medea was older than Neophron's. But surely Aristotle andhis pupil were in a situation to know from the original records to whichplay the priority belonged.

12

INTRODUCTION.

III. ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE

MYTH.

§ 16. Medea's adventures at Corinth seem at first view to bea sort of appendage or sequel to the story of the Argonautic ex-pedition; in reality, however, they are a separate and indepen-dent legend which was only later brought into connection withthe Argonauts. The Corinthian Medea is essentially a distinctpersonage from the Argonautic, although both are perhaps devel-opments of the same germinal idea.

§ 17. The Argonautic Story.- This legend was at homeamong the Minyae of Iolcus and Orchomenus; it was theirnational epic in the earliest times, later modified and enlargedbeyond its original boundaries by the poets, so that it becamecommon Hellenic property. Aea, the land where the GoldenFleece is kept, is a sunny enchanted island in the distant sea.Homer thinks of it as somewhere in the west, but the Minyans,whose sea-outlook was an easterly one, must naturally havesought it in the east, and there it became at last fixed.The Homeric Poems allude simply to the Argonaut myth assomething well known, mention Jason as having passed the7rXayKTa or clashing rocks, and as having visited Lemnos, know

Aeetes as son of Helios and sister of Circe." Medea is notspoken of.

Hesiod's Theogony, 960 fig., 992 fig. Here is the earliest men-tion of Medea. She is daughter of Aeetes and Idyia, helps Jasonperform the o-roVOEVTEs aE0XOL laid on him by Pelias, returns with

Jason to Iolcus, lives with him there and bears a son, whois reared by Chiron the centaur. Medea is here distinctly agoddess.

" Od. K 137, 70; I1. q 468.

13

INTRODUCTION.

Pindar in the fourth Pythian ode gives a long and beautifulaccount of the sending of the expedition, and the adventures ofthe Argonauts, which closes with the return of Jason andMedea. Colchis is now for the first time fixed as the abodeof Aeetes.

Of other poets' treatment of this theme we know next to noth-ing. Only in its latest phase, with many embellishments, itreappears in the Argonautica of Apollonius.

Medea's rl1e in this myth is a subordinate one. She is butthe enchantress who helps Jason obtain the fleece. Prellerthinks that the old fable closed with the death of Pelias throughher wiles.

§ 18. The Corinthian Legend. - That this is not a mereamplification of the Argonautic story, but a primitive localmyth, is clear from this, that it was bound up with very an-cient religious rites. The Corinthians had, we know, the cus-tom of performing yearly propitiatory sacrifices to atone forthe murder of Medea's children; this rite was celebrated in con-nection with the worship of Hera iKpala, a national divinityof Corinth. Their sepulchre was shown at Corinth in Pau-sanias' time. The tale was variously told, and its earlier formsare quite unlike the tragic story. The germ is everywhere thekilling of the children, either by Medea herself or by the Co-rinthians.

Medea is a benefactress of Corinth ; she is said to have deliv-ered the city from a famine ; she appears at first as queen; in-deed, she was conceived of as divine. t

Eumelus, a Corinthian poet (about 750 B. c.) in his KopvOLaKatreated this subject at length.+ According to him Medea wasqueen of Corinth. The sovereignty belonged to her, since thethrone had formerly been assigned her father Aeetes by Helios; and

* Schol. Med. 11; Schol. Pind. 01. xiii. 52.+ Schol. Med. 10.

$ Schol. Med. 10; Schol. Pind. 01. xiii. 52; Pausan. ii. 3, 8.

14

INTRODUCTION.

the Corinthians, being without a ruler, had sent for her to Iolcus.Jason is joint ruler with her. As fast as her children are bornshe hides them in the temple of Hera,t hoping to make themimmortal; failing in this she is discovered by Jason, who returnsto Iolcus, and Medea departs also, leaving the throne to Sisy-phus. Doubtless the poem further described the institution ofthe expiatory sacrifice.

Parmeniscus, an Alexandrine commentator, gives, we knownot from what source, a different account.+ The Corinthians,uneasy under Medea's rule, plotted to kill her and her children,seven boys and seven girls. The latter fled to the temple ofHera Acraea, and the Corinthians slew them at the altar. Forthis desecration they were visited with a pest which raged until,directed by an oracle, they instituted yearly expiatory rites,which were observed up to his (Parmeniscus') time. Sevenboys and seven girls, offspring of noble families, were everyyear shut up apart in the sacred enclosure and there offeredsacrifices.

A curious variation was that given in the NavrraKTLa Er, §Tan obscure epic of the Hesiodean school, which narrated theArgonautic story. Here we learn that Jason (and of courseMedea) went, not to Corinth, but to Corcyra, and thattheir son Mermerus was killed in hunting. Now as Cor-cyra was a Corinthian colony, this notice is interesting asshowing that a legend very like the Corinthian was currentthere.

The early epic poet, Creophylus, author of the OXaXas ikXw-

* KaraKpTrE V. Or buzries? Perhaps somewhat as Demeter (Hymn.

Homrn. v. 239) buried (Kp6rTer7 e) Celeus' infant in fire to make him im-

mortal.+ The friendship of Hera for Medea is explained by Schol. Pind. 01. xiii.

52, thus: Zeus was enamored of Medea, but she rejected his suit, and inreturn Hera promised to make her children immortal.

? Schol. Med. 273.§ Paus. ii. 3, 7.

15

INTRODUCTION.

rLs, had the story in a less primitive form." Medea is nolonger queen; she kills the king Creon by drugs, and flees toAthens, leaving her children behind her on the altar of Hera,thinking that Jason will care for them. Here the relatives ofCreon slay them, but give out that Medea has done the deedherself.

Simonides seems somewhere to have touched on this theme(Bergk, frag. 48). Medea and Jason lie makes again rulers ofCorinth, and expressly contradicts the older tale that Jason re-mained in Iolcus. Further than this we know nothing of histreatment.

Yet a step nearer the tragic formn of the tale is that whichPausanias t gives as the current account in his time. Glaucethe princess now appears; she meets her death through giftsbrought her by Medea's sons, Mermerus and Pheres, who are

stoned to death by the Corinthians. A pestilence then comesupon their children, to avert which the statue of Terror (ad/Ea)is set up, and the regular sacrifices are instituted, at which theywear black and shave their children's heads. These solemnitieswere observed, he says, down to the destruction of Corinth byMummius. A fountain was moreover shown, into which Glaucecast herself when in the agonies of death.

The tragedians were thought to have first hit upon the idea ofmaking Medea kill her own children, and in this sense an absurdreport 4 was current, which represented that Euripides was bribedby the Corinthians to lay the murder upon Medea. But we seetraces of this same conception of Medea as the murderer in Cre-ophylus' account and the mystical narrative of Eumelus, so thatit evidently existed long before, side by side with the commonerstory. Nor can we doubt that Jason's unfaithfulness and Me-dea's revenge were elements ingrafted on the legend before itcame into the tragedians' hands.

* Schol. Med. 273.t ii. 3, 6.$ Schol. Med. 10.

16

INTRODUCTION.

The original elements of the Corinthian story are, we see,these: Medea is a wise and divine benefactress, who comes fromafar and rules the state. She and her mortal offspring standunder the protection of Hera. The children are destroyed -how, was less clearly defined - and Medea departs as shecame.

Jason is clearly no part of this tale, and perhaps the connec-tion of Medea with Sisyphus, hinted at by the Scholiast to Pindaron Theopompus' authority, points to the older local tradition asto the paternity of the children. After the fusion of the Corin-thian Medea with the Argonautic heroine, the poets were at greatpains to connect the two legends, and Jason is introduced alongwith other new features.

There can be little doubt that Medea was originally worshippedas a goddess, and that the sacrifices were intended for her, butthat she sank in time to the level of a mortal, while the originalceremonial was still maintained, transferred to the patronage ofHera.

§ 19. Physical Significance of the Myth. - Medea isthe Moon, one of the many mythical impersonations of that lumi-nary. The Moon, like the Sun, is all-wise because all-seeing, butto her belong especially occult wisdom and the mysterious arts ofenchantment, such as flourish under the weird influences of herlight. Hence her name M~scta ( -ecr--a), "wise woman," from

i8os. She is the Sun's offspring (originally, no doubt, hisdaughter), for the new moon seems to emanate from the sun.She comes from the far west, deserting her Sun-father's house onthe western horizon, for the new moon is first seen in the west.Or she is thought of (doubtless later) as coming from the east,where the full moon rises. She abides for a time with increasingsplendor; then wanes and disappears. Her children are proba-bly stars, in particular the short-lived morning and eveningstars.

This figure, which in Corinth took the shape of a preserver

17

18 INTRODUCTION.

and divine ruler," became in the Thessalian myth rather an en-

chantress, and nothing was easier than for her to be incorporated

into the story of the Argonauts, who sail into the same enchantedregions of the east or west in search of the Golden Fleece, which

is nothing but the ruddy clouds of sunrise or sunset.

* Wecklein thinks Medea a Phoenician goddess, and that her worship

was supplanted at Corinth by that of Hera, when she was transformed intoa priestess of Hera. This seems very uncertain. More reasonable is hisidea that the shutting ur. I the children stood instead of former humansacrifices.

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37

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39

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40

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41

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42

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'ApyOi3S Kapa~ o-ov XEL4cwC1 7TETX-g)/I~E0S,

7TLKpa'3 TEXEVTc3 TCU EIfLL) yal/A(OV c8

Wv.

IA: QN.&XX&l a-' 'EpwVU OXEO-ELE 'rCKl'cO

~/OPVU TE ACLK-q. 1390

MHAEIA.

TLS &E KXVEL a-Ol) OEOS '1 8 ct'l0uV,

Toi tj'Ev 8OpKov ICaL EU~c7TaTOV;

IA~jN.

4OEVOE, 4~ii /Jvacpa KcLL ITcL8OXETOp.

MHAEIA.

OTCELXE 7TPO3 OLKOVS Kc/L OalTT7 aXo1.

IA S2N.

a'TEtXC, I rr L0OT&V ' a"'o'oS TEKV&W. 19

8

1395

86 EYPIIIAOY

M HA~ElA.

OVITQ) Opt- VEL9 ' (ILElE K~at y/7pas.

IA: JQN.

W~ TEKva 4OLXrara.

MHzAEIA.

IA:WN.KUV7ELT EKaWEs ;

MHA~EIA.

crE yE '37r-.cLLVOVU.

IA: 2N.

c/l~0L, fnXVOV XPJ7O OTObtamo

iracdo 6aa r&cripom44%ur~ocua. 1400

MHA~EIA.

vv O-O~E 7TpoU'av&aL% vivv cao-l=C4,

Tor arwocLLLEvos.

IA: SN.

dLos flcwpos OEtWv(LaX aKcOV P T fsct~v'c rEKCOVc.

MHA~EIA.

OVKC EO'T& ' ikLT-qv EWios EppLwrTaL.

86

MHA EIA. 87

IA'.VQN.

ZED, Ta 8' JKOv'EL3 c(O aWTEXaVvo',UO', 1405

old TE 7Tao7(opUEV EK Ty itvo-aPcs

KcJ WraL8ooCovov TTgcT8

E XEaLv-q4;

JXX' oWToUYW yovv 7TaXpc KaLi 8 1Ja/luaL

Ta28E Kc Op?'vo KcOGIeE Cc&J,

,JucapTVpQ EVos §au'[Lova3 c fOL 1410

TEICv- W7TOITELvLo" CU~TOKOJXAVCLc

oaA~rm TE XEpO~zv O®afic TE z/EKpovs,

OV3 V'1 OT' EYW 4c -s O4EXOJJ

Trpo; crov 3L/CcVV CWTL8CG-Oct.

7TOXX(^jv TatpuLcs Zcv3 Ev OXV'pc7T, 1415

7rOXX& 3' a'XwrTC&3 IKpaivovo- OEQL

Ka&L Ta OOK-VEPT' OVK CTEAEO-U'q,

r2 V 8' a8OK7-wl 7TrOpOl E~pE

8COS.

TO L0P8 awc~h -J-08E wTpay a.

NOTES.

REFERENCES.

H., Hadley's Greek Grammar.G., Goodwin's Greek Grammar.GMT., Goodwin's Syntax of the Greek Moods and Tenses.

ON THE HYPOTHESES.

HYPOTHESIS FIRST. - Ascribed in one manuscript to Dicaearchus, whowas a pupil of Aristotle, and whom we know, like his master, to havewritten such dramaturgical notes. A part is perhaps taken from him, butthe last part is plainly written by some one else. - -yyv&aL : incorrect;the play represents the marriage as already over. - rIa iKv : Euripidesdoes not mention her name ; later writers call her sometimes Glauce, some-times Creusa. - I.iObv ris X&PLTos : again inaccurate; the gifts are sentin suing for a new favor. - IEpEKV8-lS, a native of Leros, who lived atAthens about the time of the Persian wars and made a collection of legends(ioropatc) in ten books. - IILwovt81s of Ceos, the famous poet (556 - 468B. c.), who lived chiefly in Athens. - For s--7roLo-0E L we should regu-larly have roc-aa . - o ovs Ndo'rovs IroiJo-as, the author of the Nosti,one of the poems of the Epic Cyclus; it was commonly ascribed to Agiasof Troezen. - YT&c vXos, an Egyptian Greek of uncertain age, who wrote,among other books, a work repl OerraXwcv. - SoKet, sc. 6 Edp~rlwti . - iwo-PakVo-Oa, falsely appropriated, palming it off as his own, as a woman an-other's child. - 'EXX&8os pCos, in three books, was Dicaearchus' chiefwork; it was an account of the customs, institutions, and topography ofGreece. --rropVafl o-L : these were brief notes on various subjects. Thosehere referred to were in six books, attributed sometimes to Aristotle, some-times to Theophrastus. - pipLovTaa, K. T. A.: an unjust criticism; see onv. 899. - rporeo-v, burst. - do-joXPo , opening verse. - drEtepyaao-ia, fur-ther development of the thought. - TcaXScts, a glossographer and com-

mentator of uncertain time; his remark is wrong; see on v. 3. --"Opaglos:Odys. e, 264.

MEDEA.

HYPOTHESIS SECOND. - Aristophanes of Byzantium, the famous Alex-andrine scholar and librarian (about 200 n. c.), busied himself especiallywith the criticism of the poets. We possess many such brief notices of hison plays. The didascaliae, or statements as to date of representation, etc.,were collected from the Athenian choregic inscriptions which commemno-rated the dramatic contests. - rap' otSETip(s, K. r. A.: that is, neitherAeschylus nor Sophocles composed a play on the same subject. - .rp.-Tos (iv), i. e. took the first prize. - EicopLov, son of Aeschylus. - o iv aci-

fETaL, namely, the satyric play Theristae. It was not, he means, in theAlexandrine library.

ON THE PLAY.

The scene is in Corinth before Medea's house. The nurse, whose speechopens the play, is an old slave-woman, attached, according to Greek cus-tom, to the person of her mistress for life, having been her attendant inchildhood and her companion in flight from her father's house. She comesupon the stage from out the house. The prologue is better managed thanmost of Euripides'; the nurse's soliloquy is naturally brought about anddiscloses the situation to the hearers in an unconstrained way.

1, 2. Ee'O cWcjX': for this formula of wishing, see GMT. § 83, 2; H. 721,b (fine print). - SLacrr&o-OL : the ship is said to fly, as Hel. 147 and else-where its sails are called wings. - Xvp .r ly&sas is object of 8&arr. TheSymplegades or rvv podcibes 7rdrpac (in Homer i7rayKral) are fabulous rocksbelieved to close together and crush ships which attempted to pass betweenthem. Homer thinks of them as somewhere in the west, but later theywere identified with two rocks at the mouth of the Bosporus, where itopens into the Euxine. Kvdaear is their standing epithet, so that they areeven called al Kvdveat outright.

3. There is no hysteron proteron in this passage ; the nurse says, 'Wouldthat the ship had never sailed, - nay, had never even been built.'

4. pe'rp^o-a : this verb occurs nowhere else in classic Greek. Hesy-chius explains it by KcbraLr pe6oaa. The subject is still 7remK. Andwould that it had never equipped with oars the hands of those noblest men.The pine is thought of as furnishing material for oars as well as for ship.

6 flg. IIfXa : (dat. of advantage, for Pelias. - 4S(rowv' h M1 AELa :these words make it clear to the spectators who the speaker is. - Irpyovs:the place whither ; H. 551 ; G. § 162. -Ovpov IKrXaayYtora, crazed in heart;K2rX'0-aa' of an overpowering passion such as deprives of self-control.

11 fig. A singular case of attraction. rrokXrcv (for rol-rats) takes thv

90

case of Av. The reason is that ovy~ belongs not to avadvovoa but to d¢i-KETO, so that the relative clause really begins with €vy#, and 7roXrv isinside of it, and therefore has to take the case of the relative; H. 809;G. § 154. The regular order would be 5v 7roXLrGv vyn dliKECTO XOV6 a,standing, of course, for rroXrats Jv #vy, d&. X0., pleasing the citizens towhose land she has come in her flight. Had the poet written 7roXlraLs,ovy$ would be referred to avadvovea, and the sentence so be misunderstood.-- v84avova pEv is answered by vv in 16, but there the expression ischanged through the influence of the intervening parenthesis (14, 15); theidea is, 'pleasing to be sure (dziv) her adopted townsmen, and doing allshe can to maintain friendly relations with her husband, but still (6) in-volved in strife from his nefarious conduct.'

13. aTi, on her part, in opposition to Jason's faithlessness.14. ArEp by attraction for 'wrep ; H. 513 c.16. vou-E rd ( Xraa, the tenderest ties are failing.19. altvyv4* paa-Xe6eL, dIPXEc. Hesych. The verb is found only here.25, 26. vvTrJlKovUa

8aKpivoLS, dissolving it (vcea) in tears. Othersconstrue oawrTKOuva Xp

6vov, justifying it by TrKE fLorv, 141, which, how-

ever, is hardly parallel. - 47re means here ever since. - iS L K ~v q : sup-plementary participle ; H. 799; GMT. § 113.

30. tv pi WrOTE may be rendered except when.33. ATLi-'as Xct, nearly = riLLaKEv, but with the idea of present con-

tinuance more prominent. This use of EXw with aor. partic. (GMT. § 112,2, Note 7 ; H. 797) is a favorite one with Sophocles and Euripides, but isprobably not found in Aeschylus.

35. d rokXewr-ea is passive; to be bereft. p 47rok. joined by synizesis.37. viov = KaK

6V, as often.

38. ~cape a, resentful.

40-43. The two first of these verses are plainly interpolated from 379fig.; the others might be retained (reading f for ) but that rpavvov isawkward and obscure. If the princess is meant, there should be somedesignation of the gender.

45. KaXXCVLKOV means victory, or the honors of victory; so rb KaXMXVLKOVis used Pind. Nei. 3, 17. In the absence of the article it is better totake it as neuter, than as masc. with adpavo' understood, as some havedone.

46. ot8E iratSs o- rEXovoL, here come the children. For this. use of 68e,very common in the drama, see H. 678 a. - The learner should note thedifference between 7rpXo and rpoX6s.

49. The 7ratiaywybs, who now enters with the two boys, is an agedfamily-slave of Jason's. Wealthy Greeks, when their boys had outgrownthe nursery, gave them into the charge of such trusty slaves, whose duty

NOTES. 91

92 MEDEA.

it was to attend them wherever they went. - SaonroCv ls limits of'KcW KT7/jataken together.

50. ri1v8S should be translated thus. It is similarly used in 689 below.52. rov may depend upon either p6v or XeireoOat.

57. The Greeks had a superstitious belief in the efficacy of confidingsecret anxieties to the natural elements. Andromache (Andr. 91), Electra(Eur. El. 59, Soph. El. 89), and Creusa (Ion 885) do this. A disquietingdream is thus told to the air (Iph. Taur. 42) or the sun (Soph. El. 424).

58. poLoo-t, as if otL, not e, had gone before. Several such places arefound; thus Iph. Aul. 491, iXXws r p Xeos...ei$XeOe avyylvetav wvvov-

vcy. COp. below 744 and note. The comic poet Philemon (Athen. vii.p. 288) parodied this passage thus : A cook says,

w)00' il~epos ' Tv)XF e .yj3 re KopvpavX40L /tOAoVTL To7IOV we eoiaEuaoa.

59. yap in questions expresses surprise. Transl. what !60. taX4 oe, Enviable simplicity ! - ttero' (schol. dKI eS), is at its

height, or in the middle of its course.61. pIJpos: nom. of exclamation rather than of address. Medea is

meant, /c.^pos being used here exceptionally as adj. of two endings. Thisis a common thing with Euripides; cp. 1197 S^Xos, 1375 A'&oo.

65. wrpbs yEvelov: see on 709. - o-v8ovXov, acc. of person (H. 553;G, § 164), the ace. of the thing being omitted.

67. oi 8OKwv KX1eLv, pretending not to be listening. Cp. Hipp. 119, u86KEL TO

6TWV K XEL . oi OKw is used like oil O-u, deny, o0K eZ, forbid, etc.

68. w ro-ois, the gaming-place. So ot ix00s, the fish-market, r& XCdava,

the vegetable-market, and others. The game of reaooi resembled ours ofdraughts, in that it was played on a checkered board with men (#t#oe).There were several varieties of it.

69. All fountains were considered sacred. The famous Pirene, after firstwelling up near the top of the Acrocorinthus into a basin with no visibleoutlet,.: flowed :underground and reappeared in the lower town, near thestreet leading to the Lechaeum, where it was adorned with handsome stone-work, and was a favorite place of resort. See Curtius's Pelop. Vol. II.p. 528.

72. an s, true, correct.73. ovK Eiv~ : a, very exceptional use of ob. The rule would require h.

The expression seems to be analogous to xph' ov with infin., which is frequentin Eurip.; see 294, 574; Androm. 100, XPh s' odror' Elr obUp' bXPtov

PporTw : Hipp. 645, Xpv Els yvraica crp6~oroXov opv ov 7repav : in cases, too,

where it is impossible to say that ob forms with the infin. a simple idea.The usage arose probably thus : first the ob was put directly after the Xp4for reasons of emphasis, still belonging to it (so Hipp. 507, and perhaps the

NOTES.

above, passage of Androm.), then it gradually attached itself to the infin.,and allowed itself to be separated from xp".

74, 75. zro'Xov'cs is supplementary partic.; cp. 38. See GMT. § 112, 1;

H. 800. - de Kat because of the negative idea implied in the foregoing ques-

tion: (surely he will not) even though he has, etc.76. K18EvlaTwv : H. 581 ; G. § 175, 2. XeirraL expresses inferiority.

78, 79. a&rwAoXdeo- : for the tense see GMT. § 19, N. 6. The nurse

speaks for her mistress and the household. - wrpooolotogev seems to meanreceive in addition. A corrupt gloss of Hesychius, rpooolotacle" r~pooad-(ele, confirms this view, though we should have expected the middle.

It is the idiom by which, roughly speaking, involuntary acts are spoken of

as if they were voluntary. So Hipp. 831 avaK/coU'at, am receiving on

myself; Heracl. 296, uvxiv & aKvai6a~ , lose his life. Wecklein aptly com-pares adropaiXXecv, lose. - Egiv'rXKVaL : the figure is that of a boat which

ships a fresh wave before the sailors have bailed the first one out. Cp.Ion 927.

83. ~Xovro t.v pJ : the meaning is, I will not indeed wish that he mayperish. So Soph. Phil. 961, 6Xoto Musrw, irpv tdaOoq i Kai raAXw yvo5avY/eTol cs. In both cases the curse is on the speaker's lips, but is revokedat the moment of utterance.

87. KpSovu1 XapLV, from motives of selfishness. This verse looks like an

interpolation.

88. et-ye = drel, seeing that; hence o6, instead of A', is admissible.

Jelf's Grammar, § 744, 1. The clause depends on AtprT yc'yvc voKELs, the ideabeing, 'Are you just beginning, in view of Jason's neglect, to recognizethe self-love of men ? Did you never meet with an instance of it be-fore ? '

90, 91. ,o- a-as 'e, keep secluded. - rekd.at is transitive here and

760, but has its ordinary intrans. sense, 101.93. Spaedovoav : a desiderative verb; H. 472, Rem. j.94. 1rplv KTa'KQc t TrLv : '7piV with the infin. after negative sen-

tences is rare in the Attic poets, but more frequent in the Attic prose."Goodwin, MT. § 106, 2, N. 2. KaraTK rT only here takes the accus. Itprobably means, strike down as with a thunderbolt (Schol. p~Xchaf...otovKepavvwyxa) ; with dat. on the contrary, simply fall upon.

96, 97. Medea's voice is heard in soliloquy within the palace. The ana-paests which she speaks are tinctured with Doric forms, while those of thenurse are free from them. Anapaestic systems admit Dorisms only excep-tionally, to impart greater solemnity or pathos. - rrdvwv is causal genitivein exclamation (H. 592 a; G. § 173, 3) joined to an adjective, as often;ep. 1028. - rcs av ~ko~av ; would that I might die. This form of wish(GMT. § 82, N. 5), not rare in tragedy, occurs again 173.

93

MEDEA.

98. r68' aKEEvo, There it is! literally, ' this is that' (spoken of before).

A common colloquial formula.106 fig. It is plain that the storm-cloud of wailing, just beginning to rise,

will shortly dart upward with greater fury. I have given dva eL (fromvavo'w = davatow), a suggestion of Elhnsley's, based on an old variant

dcL e found in the Schol. and one Ms. The common reading, aEd /iet, is

hard to explain. Some take it as active for middle, ' will blaze forth'

(with lightning), but neither dirTrew nor its compounds ever use the active

in this sense. Others supply Medea as subject, 'that she will light up,'

but this accords ill with the opening of the sentence, which shows that

vi&os is meant as subject. By reading 6Xv or 5-Xof we might retain cdd-

/e'. aPX "S gaScadevov = alp6 evo' l dpX~js, rising from its starting-

point. With v 4os ot pwys cp. arevypaGT', vpos, H. F. 1140.

112. w Kaa&parOL ratiSs : in spite of the nurse's caution, the children,who here enter the house with their attendant, are espied by Medea.

116. o-os may be rendered pray. The exact sense is, ' What share do

you fancy that,' etc. The nurse does not, of course, intend this for Me-

dea's ears.118. weLpaXky, as implying anxiety, takes the construction of a verb of

fearing. birep-, exceedingly.119. SeLv& rvpdvvwY Xiipaura: the nurse has Medea in mind, by no

means Creon, as Paley thinks. Medea, as a king's daughter, may be

called a Trpavvos. For the sentiment the Schol. compares 11. a, 80 flg.

122, 123. y&p may be justified by supplying the thought, 'All this I

disapprove,' implied in the tone of the preceding sentence. Meanwhile,one might translate, The fact is. See, however, on 573. - wr' ta'oLrwO, on

a footing of equality with one's fellow-citizens, as in a democracy. To live

thus, the nurse says, is better than to be a king. A like sentiment Ion

621, Iph. A. 16. - y&yXws : not to be understood of regal state, which is

entirely deprecated, but of a less dangerous magnificence, the sense being,'securely at least, even at the expense of all grandeur.'

125 - 130. Construe Toiivoa VLtK E ir v, the name is a better one to speak.

Notice rpvra iv-T in correlation; so below, 232, 1101 (cp. 429).-

X4'-a ({isC) : subject is rd Arpa understood. - .r 8' rep~3dXov'ra,K. 7. X., what exceeds due bounds avails no wholesome thing to mortals.

' 6BFv t yav' is the mainspring of Grecian ethics. All excess is tbps,which the gods punish by sending Tr7. - &rrEi8KV : gnomic aorist;

H. 707; GMT. § 30. Its subject is still Tr b repp fAXovra.

131. The chorus of Corinthian women now appears in the orchestra and

sings the Parodos, which consists of four parts, - prodde, strophe, anti-

strophe, and epode, - separated from each other by anapaests of Medea

and the nurse.

94

NOTES.

134. a&' &FL rkXov, K. r. X.: the meaning of these words is doubtful.They are, I think, best taken thus, I heard a cry near the doorway within

the house ; the chorus inferring Medea's nearness to the door from the dis-tinctness of her voice. rl as Heracl. 239, iq' oi. Other ways are pos-

sible : 1. Being near the porch (Medea's) I heard a cry within the house.

But the chorus has just arrived and was not 'near the porch' when Medea

last spoke, 111. 2. Being near (my own) doorway I heard a cry in

(Medca's) house. So Wecklein. 3. Joining u 9. /peXm0., being near the

double-doored house, I heard a cry within. So Elmsley, Paley, Klotz.

To this the same objection applies as to 1, and the position of 90w is, be-

sides, unfavorable. 4. I heard a cry inside, in the double-doored house ;

drl as in Edr' olKhaTror, etc., but this use belongs rather to later prose. da-

iTrvXos occurs only here. Klotz and Paley, taking it adjectively, refer it

to the outer and inner door (a'Xetlos and ervavXos), but the word as applied

to a house can only mean having a door on both sides. But as a substan-

tive rb d a irvhov can mean doorway or vestibule; cp. d/~iLopov, Theocr.

xiv. 42, and Schol. I1. w, 323, "KrpoL U4 rao-rdSa dy0ivpov, ILKE XO

U Tny' alketo 0' pav"; also rpbOvpov. - 'd-o, as often, is for dvr~, without

any idea of motion.

136. -vvA18o0 ~a for rejoicing at misfortunes is rare, but Hippol. 1286, 71TdXas TroWSe ov'wC EL; cp. Rhes. 958.

138. irie. -KKpVvaL, since it (the household, especially Medea, see v. 11)

has endeared itself to me. KeKpayTa (sing.) from KpalVW.

139. ,864Lo, house, i. e. family. - i&8e, all that.142. o8v wrap. 4pva, nothing comforted at heart.

147. Lo-r&v, object of KaTaKX alUia. The same expression, frag. 984,KaTaXvo"advovg flov; the active Suppl. 1004, Kava dovia piorov. - irpo-XAwoora (auTrv).

149. &Xdv (= 4jXiv) is a correction of Nauck, after Elmsley. The Mss.have iaXav, but the tragedians, so far as can be made out, use the secondsyllable of iax' always long.

151-153. i-s o-o WroE, K. T. X.: What longing for that dread resting-place (the grave) would fain hasten for thee the final is32e of death?

dr&i-ov is due to Elmsley, the Mss. having dr-ro-rov or dwXrhr'ov ; some

retain the latter, understanding KOITra of the marriage-bed. The future

o-nrevo-e expresses present intention or will : GMT. § 25, 1, N. 6; Kiihner,Ausf. Gramm. § 387, 4. Yet it is rather oddly used, and there is someprobability in Weil's conjecture, who reads a re6aoe 0avarov rEXevrT, as a

separate sentence : 'death will of itself come quickly enough.' On 0av0-rov TEvXEI&v see H. 561 ; G. § 167, Note.

154. p,18Ev = gySa~is. Not a common use. Androm. 88 and 463;

Ar. Ran. 435 ;. Aesch. Ag. 1438.

95

MEDEA.

157. Be not exasperated with him for this. ar8e is properly the cognateaccus., H. 547 c; G. § 159, N. 2. Elmisley takes it as thus, which, how-ever, will not do in A' oc r&6e XwEo, Od. e 215, 213. See lexicon forthe literal meaning of Xap'ao OcOt.

160 fig. Themis, as goddess of divine justice, is appealed to for redressof wrongs, as Soph. Elec. 1064. Hence she is called e6Kraia below, 169,and lKela, Aesch. Suppl. 360. Artemis is the special protectress of females,so naturally invoked by them, as Soph. Elec. 626, 1238; Aesch. Suppl.1031 ; Eur. Phoen. 152, 191. - 6pKOLs AvSyro-apva , namely, when she con-sented to leave her home with him.

164, 165. a&rots J.X0poLs : H. 604 end; G. § 188, 5, Note. -rwp0-OEaSLKELv : " the Greek idea was, that to begin the wrong, brdPXewL d&Kis,involved the entire guilt, any retaliation being then lawful. Cf. 1372."(Paley.) rpbarev may be rendered unprovoked.

166, 167. a&rEvvirrlv : from &rovaiwo; aiaXpws goes with it. - K~aULV,

Apsyrtus; see Introduction, § 11, and note on v. 1334.169. Zfva: whereas Medea, 160, has not invoked Zeus. This has

troubled many commentators, ancient and modern. But Zeus bpKLOs, theguardian of oaths, would be the first deity on whom Medea would naturally

call; and we may suppose that in her previous outbursts (see v. 21) shehas called upon him, and that the nurse forgets what particular divinitiesshe has just appealed to. If an emendation is necessary, that of Nauck,Z-jv6s for Zrvc 0' (cp. 208, and note), is easy.

171. v rcvL ~.LKpw, with (the commission of) any trifling deed.173. zr(s &v, K. r. X., as 97.176. E wais, H. 830 at end; somewhat differently GMT. § 53, N. 2. -

PapvOvplos is sullen, opposed to 6~t0vpos, quick-tempered, impetuous.178. rb wrp6dOvov = irpolvia, G. § 139, 2; H. 496,. 6th ex.181. +kxa Kal m&8' aAi, sc. Etvat. 7d6 = i~as, more exactly our

party; so Aesch. Pers. 1. The meaning is, say too that we are her friends.

182. crrreo-ao-a is Wecklein's emendation (who, however, gives r( rpiv).

- The subject of KKw0~iL, Medea, has to be understood.184. et, as to whether; a simple indirect question after an expression of

fearing; GMT. § 46, Note 6 (c). Here and Heracl. 791 it stands for phob, but Andr. 61 for ,ur.

186. ix0ouv XdptLv i4vs8

means the favor of this trouble, as it were . X.

T7086. - E,-rwSow, will grant freely, beyond my obligations.

187. Sepy.a : cognate ace. with droravpoorac, as if with 64pIefrat.190 fig. The tenor of the following passage is that music might, if rightly

employed, be made a comfort in grief, whereas it is only used to heighten

needlessly the merriment of feasts.

192 fig. The correlative of piv is 81, 195. - &KO& = dKpocdara.

96

NOTES.

197. It Av refers to X67ras. - &vacTroL, violent deaths.

200-203. 'va, where. - 'rEvovo-L (utter in long-drawn strains) of the

physical act of singing. - Tb wiapv rXilpcw p together. 7rX4pwpla, physical

satisfaction. The sense: 'feasts are merry enough without the aid of

song.' - The nurse here enters the house.

205 flg. Take XLyvpa adverbially (or rather as predicate adj. of effect, =

ore XAyvp& etha). jpoyepi belongs with tea, and the phrase &Xea (o3,as containing a simple idea (= Oppevse), governs the accus. bV...hKaKOVv6U OoV.

And loudly crying forth her grievous woes she complains of the false bride.

groom, etc. Such constructions, in which a verb and accus., taken to.

gether, govern a second accusative, are not infrequent in tragedy. Soph.

Elec. 124, TCKEcS oi wy&v T ' 'Aya,e4dvova ; Bacch. 1289, r7 edXov Kapi1a

208. Tr&v Zlvbs 04LV, Zeus' own Themis; that is, his rdpepos (Pind.

01. 8, 27), and inseparable companion. So 0dUs At Os KXapiov, Aesch.

Suppl. 360. She is here said to have led Medea into Greece, the idea being

that Medea went in reliance on Themis as guardian of the oaths of Jason.

211 fig. 8' tXa vb~rov, over the sea in the night. - iro'vou KX 8a: the

strait of the Bosporus ; called &ripavros, impenetrable, because of the Sym-

plegades which guard it. ad7pa ros has this meaning Aesch. Prom. 153

and 1078; elsewhere it means endless. Some give it the latter sense here,justifying it by Homer's 'EXX~crrovros weipwv, 11. w 545. Both meanings

of drpavros arise naturally, since rrepaivw means either pass through or go

through with.

214. Medea appears on the stage.

215 fig. A difficult passage. Probably the following interpretation

(Seidler's) is the right one : I know many haughty men, some from personal

acquaintance (,eid-rwuv &7ro), others who are strangers ; and ihese (namely,

both the above classes, all the oejvol) from their rescrved demeanor have got

an evil name and a reputation for ind f erence. This use of d7' 0cdrTwv,with my eyes, from my own observation, is found Aesch. Ag. 987; nearly

the same Aesch. Suppl. 207, Soph. O. C. 14. iv OvpCdois, among foreign-

ers or strangers, the usual meaning of OvpaTos in Eurip. The io-voxr 7rov

is one slow to make advances, not meeting one, as we say, half-way.

(Some editors, with the Scholiast, explain robs ICAv...Ovpalots 'some in

retirement, others in public life.') For KTraaOac = get the reputation of,cp. I. T. 676, 6clXav KECKT7jooac, and Soph. Ant. 924.

220. 8a-rLs after pporcav, H. 514 d, last part.

222- 224. Strangers especially, she says, should adapt themselves (7rpor-

Xwpeiv) to their adopted land, though, to be sure, not even in citizens are

stubbornness and ill-breeding (daeaOia) praiseworthy. Hermann sees in

this last verse an allusion to the demagogue Cleon. The aorist ')'veo-a and

97

MED EA.

some others are used to denote a feeling or resolution (or the expression ofthe same) which has already arisen in the speaker's mind, where we em-

ploy the present. GMT. § 19, N. 5 H. 709.226. V~Ivyv SL OapKE, has broken my heart.

228. Av v... rCiv'ra, for he with whom my all rested. - yLyvo'KELS : theMss. have yLyvw~TKELV, due, as the Schol. expressly says, to the actors, whomisconceived the sense. y 'tyvW(K and y'VdjOKEL have also been conjec-tured.

231. vTrdv, like our creature, in a depreciatory sense.

232 fig. rp'ra pChv answered by re: (' first buy the husband, then serve

hint') unless, indeed, the correlative is 235 fig. - XP'l-'rv rweppoXf :rightly explained by Paley, " by outbidding others in the offer of a wealthydower." Cp. Andr. 289, brepoka ts 6ywzov &vop6vywv, vying with each otherin hard words. birepX3iev means- outbid. Euripides has transferred theusage of his own time to the heroic age, in which the custom was quite thereverse, the suitor bidding for and buying, as it were, his wife. - vo9o,T b eaorbr)Yv XaPerv. For the expression ep. Soph. O. T. 1365, 7rpefp67repovIT KaKOU KaKbV, an 'evil worse than evil.

235 ftg. dcyv, risk. - By arrakXayat is meant the drbXEetLs or formalseparation from the husband, attainable to a woman only through a diffi-cult process at law, and looked upon at best as scandalous. The husband,on the contrary, might repudiate (daror'renv) his wife at pleasure. Here,again, Eurip. has Athenian institutions in mind.

238-240. The sense : 'a woman who has come by marriage into a for-eign land has need (in order to live happily) of supernatural foresight, ifshe has learned nothing from her relatives as to the disposition of him whois to be her husband.' This is the best that can be made of the Mss.reading. i7-p is equivalent to oi. Not the difficulty of selecting a hus-band is meant (for that is not compatible with the tense of aty E'in v), butthat of living agreeably with him afterwards. And to make this meaningplainer some alter the last line, reading ii0*w for biry, or Xapicrerac for

Xpterac.241, 242. eZ goes with iKrovovudvatav. - pla, restively, like an intract-

able horse.

245. arcwvre : gnomic aor. See on 130.247. -rpbs tlav vXiV *rv ero dv"p6s, Schol. Athenian custom con-

fined women strictly to their homes. RXEWeLv implies devotion; cp. Ion614, Eis adfapra a'v PXEr s, and Andr. 179.

250. KKOJS poVOvVTEs : syntactically with Xiyovat, yet standing by

itelf ; wrongly though. Just so Heracl. 55.

252. &XX' o' yp, but (enough said, for)...not; H. 870 d. - KEL, ap-plies.

98

258. p.eoppCo-o-eaL,, (with whom) to seek a haven of refige from, etc.Properly, to change moorings away from something.

259. Toc-v8e : observe the rather unusual accus. of the thing with rvy-

XdCaew : cp. Phoen. 1666, oil yhp , rXOs rdTie. - POVX~yOopsL for PolXopaC:the idea of the future fulfilment of the wish is in the speaker's mind andtries so to find expression. Just so Soph. Aj. 680, 0. T. 1077, 0. C.1289.

261. ro'wav 8iKlv : the construction is unusual, but right; riveoOai rcvaBiKrty strictly means cause a man to pay a penalty.

262. 4i T = KEiVIV 7re ?. The Mss. have rv re, which cannot be satis-factorily explained. A man is said yaeirv Trva, a woman yagecro-Oal Tevt,bnt what can yagdeei'Oai Twa mean ? As a case of attraction, v re is notjustifiable, for in such places the nom. is invariably retained; see v. 515,

Alc. 338 orvyw tev 1E p' eTtKTEV, Or. 1165, Ion 669. Of other explanationsthe only one at all tenable is lHerniann's, who thinks yageeaOat properly acausative middle, to get (one's self or another) married, and that yagoopaCr"v Ovyardpa can be said like t diKOpat Lb cV aia. He would then render,'and her whom he (Creon) has given him to wife.' But, as no similar

example can be found except it be 11. t, 394 (and even this is not quiteparallel) this use remains, for Attic, more than doubtful. Elmhnsley firstgave r Ce.

263, 264. The proper correlative of r IXXa p is bray d below. See on413. - Es aXKv and oL8. eL-op&v, two separate modifiers of KaKq.

271, 272. Creon appears with attendants (d-aot, 335). - etrov, I com.n-macnd (finally, as something already resolved on), see on 'veoa, 223.

278, 279. K4Xt are reefing-ropes; so EtiEvaL KaXcoS = shake out reefs,set sail (= X0at ir66a, Hec. 1020), cp. Tro. 94, H. F. 837. The figureis that of one ship pursuing another. - e1trp6o'oLoe-os KPacrO S, accessible

landing-place. rpo-oppeOat is used of putting in to shore, Xen. Cyr. 5, 4, 6.284. o-v LdXXE a.....SELC.aros, many circumstances contribute to this fear,

literally, contribute (a part) of this fear. H. 574 e; G. § 170. In the nextline explanatory asyndeton; H. 854.

288. bv S6vTa, K. 7. X. Medea's own words, as reported to Creon.293. Soia, my reputation, for copia.295. EKSLSO-KEcOaL, have instructed, causative middle ; H. 689 b;

G. § 199, Note 2. --o oils : predicate adj. of effect, =- COJTE aogobs elvat :cp. Elec. 376, &8t6dKELt ' l3vpa...KaKdV. The thought of the followingverses was suggested by the poet's own experience. See Introd. § 1.

296. Xwpcs...dpytas, for, aside from the charge of sloth which they haveto bear besides. gXetv apyiav is said like KTc r ea vuiav, 217. This idio-matic use of tXXos, on the other hand, besides, is well known. H. 538 e(end). So Ion 161, aXXoS...KlKVoM, a swuan besides.

NOTES. 99

MEDEA.

.304. Interpolated from 808.

308. 6ori~...ap.. depends on ' XEI LO6.314, 315. Ka ydp has not its usual force here, but Kal = Kairep and

goes with 3LK7VetOL.V -BSLKiJ5GVOL : when a woman speaks of herself in theplural, she uses masculine, not feminine forms; H. 518 d. - Kpe t-o'vtwv :H. 581 end; G. § 175, 2.

316, 317. Ei'o o #pevwv with POovUXEvp. - (ovkXeds, lest you are devising.

In strictness, the pres. subj. in such cases refers not to a present act, but'the future disclosure of a present act ('lest it may turn out that you arenow plotting'), so that the rule (GMT. §§ 12 and 20) that the subjunctivein final and object clauses refers to the future, still holds good. The Mss.here have Povue.o-7s, which could be retained only by translating, 'lestyou may (prove to) have plotted.' This use of aor. subj. is Homeric (II. a555, K 97), but I know of no Attic example. The correction is Elmsley's.

319, 320. ws a8' aXrs, and just so. This adverb is often written ai-rws,

but wrongly. It comes from ar6s, with changed accent, not from oros.

ws arws (toa6rws) is simply the ablative of 6 ar6s. - vXao-rav, to keep)watch of, not quite the same as vX ~oacOat.

322. ipape: perf. of apapil-Kw. Do not confuse this perf. aprpa with

the 2d aor. dp"pov, 'papov. The former is intrans., the latter transitive.

324. wpds ore yov&ivv, sc. 1KEE6W. In adjurations, ce is commonly

placed between rpbs and its genitive (so per te deos oro), and often the

verb which governs it is left out. Cp. Ale. 275, n;7 rp6s oe OeCv rX~S e

7rpo6ova. H. 885. On yovdrwv see note on 709. Medea clings to Creon

in the attitude of a suppliant here and again 336.

329. (Well do you speak of country) for to me at least 't is far the most

precious thing I have, save only my children. Meaning that the safety of

both requires Medea's banishment. - 'potye in opposition to Medea; he

really loves his country, he means, and is not minded to betray it, as

Medea has hers.331. That, I fancy, is just as circumstances come about. Swccs is here a

simple relative, and so takes fvy; GMT. § 62. - Kat emphasizes r Xa

('circumstances too influence the matter').

334. (Your troubles forsooth !) 'T is I who am in trouble, and in trouble

enough, too. For the two meanings of the perf. KEXpmat see lexicon, aiicp. 347. The last part of this verse is added simply for filness, according

to the idiom of confirming a statement by denying its opposite, as Xvrpbv

OEa[La KOb6

0iov, Tro. 1157. Others explain, 'I have no need of other

troubles, and so cannot relieve you of yours,' in answer to the words dri-

Xaov ir6vzov, as if Creon had asked her to take his troubles on her own

shoulders. This involves a sort of grim witticism, and seems rather

trifling.

100

NOTES.

336. XXk , nay rather. Cp. Hel. 939, ir 5^ira, rcapOy', dXXd a' iLKErTC~

r66e.

338. roi~ro : rb pt 1ed ye}v.

341 - 343. cpov,r8', accus., not dative. -- , qua; in what direction and

so whither. - &C'opj}v, resources, means, properly a starting-point. The

meaning, place of safety (Lidd. & Scott), is wrong. - ov8v lrpoTL4, does

not at all care or think it worth while.

346. etL jevgo Ea : GMT. § 56.

349. The perf. 8&40opa is always transitive (= 8&CO0apKa) in Attic poets.

350. ilapapTrvv see on ih6tK3l~p.dV, 26.

356. 8pcaoaLs, the best Mss., which without av is, of course, a solecism.

Others bpdoe-s. But these two verses are in all likelihood interpolated;

the words AXexeKra... e mark the end of the speech. Creon here departs.

358. Ipe!a...Xcv : see on 96.

359 flg. I give with Kirchhoff the reading of the best Mss. Take -'vawith cwrqpa ; what savior through hospitality...? 86pov and x0

Ova are

appositives. wrphs ~vtav adverbially, like rpb piav, 7rpb btXiav, strictly

conformably to, or in the way of hospitality ; with wr^ pa as with a verb

('whom to save you in hosp.'), cp. on 479. It must be confessed, how-

ever, that this is hard, and that probably igevpo' ets is to be bracketed with

Weckl., riva then going with ecvfav. The easier reading rpoevlav rests on

slender authority.

361. KX1V8va Ka#Kiv: a frequent metaphor; Suppl. 824, H. F. 1087,Hipp. 822, Aesch. Pers. 599.

365. X' oiiT...rro, but things are not yet come to that pass, don't think

it. That wrw belongs not with ci bo0Keire, but the preceding, is seen from

Arist. Eq. 843, Aesch. Prom. 511, where the same idiom occurs. The, confused order here heightens the intensity.

367. Tot7a K8EdO'ao'LV : Creon is meant.

370. o48E--o484, not even-nor. - xepotv, dative, with my hands. Ifgenitive, the sing. Xep6s would have been used. See note on 709.

372, 373. iXetv, thwart. - A&qKv, has left me free to remain. 6&~iretis not often so used with infinitive (except it be of a verb of motion, Soph.

Phil. 1349), but Plat. Legg. 7, 806 c, rb OgXv...d4te'ra rpyacivo ; and ibid.

2, 657 e.382. brrepjavova-a, said of passing the threshold, here in entering (so

birepfpadav w6has, Alec. 829), but Ion 514, in coming out.

384, 385. Kpa&TrLTa: H. 518 a. - Tiv evetav (686v), adverbial. - w 4.

aoal, namely, we women, the sex in general. Elmsley conjectured oo oi,so as to mean Medea herself: see on 314. But poison was a recognized

woman's weapon; see Ion 616, 845, and frag. 467.386. KaA Sh r e0v&"aL, suppose now they are dead. Cp. 1107.

101

102 MEDEA.

389. 'nirpyos : metaphorical.

391. But if a fate devoid of all resource decree my exile.

393. 'r6X0As irb K ipTEpov, the height of daring.

396. Medea has an image of Hecate,: patroness of witchcraft, in her

house. Such private shrines, 'EKaTLaa, were common at Athens.

398 fig. The y 4doc will be bitter to bride and bridegroom, the K^6OS andovyal to Creon.

400. ,89jSv is, of course, adverbial. Cp. Soph. El. 716, elEoviro KVrpWv

oi6Uv, also Aj. 115, Eur. Hec. 1044, H. F. 1400.

404. rots ELo-vc doLs, K. 7. X.: from the Sisypheans and from Jason's

bride. The dative with &o(AKdvw denotes the person from whom or in

whose mind anything is incurred. Zso1ELCor is a contemptuous name forthe Corinthians, from Sisyphus, their ancient king, who was K ip&orO ds-8pdv (II. P 153), and otherwise in ill repute. Creon especially is meant.Wedlock is put for the bride, as Andr. 103. (Others, joining Z. and 'yd/.,explain 'from the marriage of Sisyphus's descendant and Jason,' as dat.of cause, I suppose. But the second ros forbids this; moreover, the con-text requires dat. of the person whose laughter is feared. Probably, how-ever, we should read Tokio' for rots r': 'from this Sisyphean bride ofJason's.')

405. rarpds: Aeetes, son of Helios. Od. K 138, tiow (Aeetes and Circe)' EKYEya7Tqv qCLEoLt4pLTOv'HlleXoco.

406. abrra -a a: referring back to 400. - rpbs Si Ka ir. yvvatKEs,and, besides, we (I and the rest of my sex) are women.

410. Medea remains on the stage during the choral song, the burden ofwhich is: (1) The infidelity of men ; men will, the chorus says, hence-forth have that name for faithlessness which hitherto has been borne bywomen. (2) The forlorn condition of Medea. - dvw 'rorapn v, K. T. A.:"Rivers flowing backward " was a proverbial expression for whatever hap-pens contrary to the ordinary course of things. - lepov: all rivers aresacred.

413 fig. &v8

pdo-L pv is answered by rd 8' dvay, not ew^pv U. The firstd is only continuative, or at most but slightly adversative. Just so 263 fig.

It is a question whether we ought to read we in such cases. - SEw.v 'ro~rLs,faith plighted in the sight of the gods. (Paley.) - r&v 8'... &aa, report

will bring about a change to my (that is ours, women's) life, so that it

shall have a good reputation.421 fig. oea IrakGX. &oLS&v, the strains of ancient lays. - 4pvras =

5~vooaat. This kind of contraction is rare in tragedy: Hipp. 167 dijrvy,Iph. A. 789 vOaO5ca . zLve y has a bad sense here, as not unfrequently.Eurip. was thinking of passages in Homer and Hesiod, but especially ofthe iambi of Archilochus.

NOTES. 103

424 fig. -oi y&p, K. T. X.: the sense is, 'we women have not the poeticgift, or we might ourselves sing a song in answer to men.' ydp is used in

anticipation of the following sentence, the idea being, 'for a song mighteasily be sung, though I cannot myself sing it.' - AvTr&Xpl ' v, would(proceed to) sing. See on 1351. -dwWaE 04oE'rVL &oLSdv: Homeric; Odyss.

0 498.

428 fig. laKpbs 8' abv, K. T. X.: a long life (the experience of a: long

life) has (i. e. can furnish) much to say about..., etc. - piv- : see on 125.- potpav, mutual relations, properly part or share in life in relation to

one another.431 fig. rp os shortens the penult often in Eurip., only, however, in

lyrical passages or anapaests. Many critics distrust the Mss. and would

restore rcdrpcos everywhere. -6

piro-aa, parting, passing between. (Others,

passing the limits of, as in Aesch. Suppl. 544, yala v pipet, but this sense

seems natural only with yayiav, srbAv, and the like.)436. KoLras XKTpov: a common pleonasm; Hipp. 154, Kolva AeXewv,

Iph. T. 857, KXtTla gKrvpwv, Alc. 925, H. F. 798, Soph. Ant. 425, Aesch.Pers. 543.

439. xadps, reverence.

442 fig. eOoppc o-@Oa , as 258. - ardpa = rpecac. - rcv 8...4rCa-

vEo'ra, but another princess, more potent (to charm) than that couch of thine,has risen up against thy household. - ore;--Sc instead of o rve-re, by a

slight anacoluthon; cp. H. 855 b: so Soph. Trach. 1151, olre uinryp...

irabsow 8d, and elsewhere.

446. oi vtv, K. 7. .: ep. 292.

451, 452. KOp.OC pv, K. r. A.: for myself indeed I care not; go o for.-

ever, if you choose, saying that..., etc. - 'Idcov outside its clause, yet

retained in the nomin.; cp. Bacch. 173, freo rs, elodayyeXe Tetpeolas brT

453, 454. rvpivvovs, the royal family. - irawv KEpSos, clear gain. -

pvyi, with exile only, and not rather with death.

456. acfjpovv: impf. of attempted action.

459, 460. KaK Twvvs, even after this. - Tb abv 8 TrpooK. in opposition

to &rELp1iK&S : not having failed my friends, but, on the contrary, provid-

ing for thy interests. drereiv (cbrayope6w, darav8w) is construed with the

dative in two ways. (1) Dat. of disadv.; flag, or givd out in serving; as

d rav8bav lXocs, deesse am icis, Andr. 87 ; and in this place. (2) Dat. of

cause; sinkC under, give out iii ; so adureriv KaKoi, a,'ye6, 7rvocs, Or. 91,Hec. 942, Ale. 487. In both these cases the verb has its meaning of tire,flag. Quite distinct is (3) its use with accus., meaning renounce, disown;

CTrcEr. wzrSove, darlav, Suppl. 343, H. F. 1354, Alc. 737 ; and, furthermore,(4) the meaning forbid.

MEDEA.

463. Kil y&p L, for even if; Kat going with el, and ydp referring to i;KOabove, the intermediate sentence being parenthetic.

465 fig. Tovro yp, K. T. .: for this (the term -raycdKOKLTre) is the bitter-est reproach for thy unmanliness which I can utter in language (ydcr ro),though I feel yet deeper scorn in my heart.

468. Interpolated from 1324.

469. Op&r-os in a good sense, = cipoos.474. KKS goes with KX

6w as well as AEaaa. The student will remem-

ber that KaK E KX~6EV (iKOdeLE) is passive of KaKw XSyELV.476. A noteworthy example of Euripidean sigmatism, a trait ridiculed

by the comic poets. Cp. 380, 404, 1217, and for other alliterations 323, 340.479. tvyXkatc : dative of means with Einrd(i rv as if with a verb ( rc-

ocrarouVra). - Oavao. y6iv : see Introd. § 11.482. KTeCva-a : by proxy. She put the dragon to sleep by her enchant-

ments, and so enabled Jason to kill it. Similarly just below, 486, dLrEK-TELVa. H. 686. - ~v oXov, K. T. X.: held up for you a torch of safety.(Wecklein, however: rose on you as a guiding star.)

485. irpdoOpos akXXov = rpolvordpa. For the second comparativeo-oc oTEpa see H. 660 b.

490, 491. Childlessness of a wife was held to justify her divorce and thetaking of another. - -vyyvoa-rT : see on KpdrLera, 384. The best Mss.avyyvwaTorby v, which some defend on the principle of Xpy, eiKE rv, etc.(GMT. § 49, 2, N. 3). But these imperfects are regularly used without &only when the necessity or propriety is not met by the facts. In the pres-ent case ovyyvwaorbv i v would mean, 'you would be justified in doing whatyou are now not doing,' but avyyvda-r' &IP v, 'you would be justified indoing what you are now not justified in doing.' Of course, the latter isthe meaning here. Infractions of this usage are found, it is true, but theyare rare. Moreover, avyyvdo' iv v is certain Elec. 1026 in an exactlysimilar passage.

493, 494. --i in indirect disjunctive questions, after Homeric fashion,occurs in a few passages of the tragic poets. Many discredit it, and sub-stitute ei---. - OEo-J

4: heterogeneous plural of Oeoyp6s, only here and

Soph. fra g. 90.497. -rvS8e yov&rov : genitive instead of vocative, because the speaker

has eXau cp3ov in her mind. - Keyapwv-p0j a refers to the clasping both ofhands and knees when Jason was a suppliant for her favor. See on 709.

500. 8oKO cOa EV 'rC.......pwS 84, expecting what good ofice from you,

forsooth? (None, of course.) Still I will do it.

503. OiS...KaI irr4Tpav : cp. 163. - &c'Ko'~plV, came hither.

506 fig. oL o'CKOeEV 4cOL are kindred, friends by natural relationship.

Cp. Andr. 979, rdxats aiS OsiKoOeY, domestic calamities; Pind. Pyth. 8. 72,

104

NOTES. 105

76 ofkioOSv, his family ties; Troad. 963, E& ofEKoev KEiva, those natural en-

dowments; Troad. 648, 371. - ois 84, Pelias's family. - ovK iXP4v, notought not, but had no need, no motive.

509. 'orokat s.aKaptav, happy in the view of (H. 601 end) many women,i. e. envied by them. Said with bitter irony, in remembrance of formerpromises of Jason.

512. ei-yE as 88.

515. ~ E =Kac et i.516 flg. 8s: Av is omitted; GMT. § 63, 1. (b). - TKEIiypLa : the touch-

stone, 3ciavos, is meant. The same sentiment, Hipp. 925.523. This verse is borrowed from Aesch. Theb. 62. - ioa-E = iicrep,

not rare in tragedy, see 1200, 1213.

524. &KpoLar X oL e OVS Kpao-trE8oLS, i. e. with furled sails. Medea's

yXAwra-aXyCa is likened to a sudden gale.

526. KaC emphasizes, not Xiav merely, but the whole clause: since,moreover (besides reviling me), you exaggerate the favors you have done me.Cp. Soph. Phil. 380, 0. T. 412.

529. 'rlt 0ovos for Jason, because apparently boastful. The sense:'You have intelligence enough to understand, though it is invidious forme to relate, that it was Love that,' etc. The antithesis (Jiv-XX) isbetween vows and A6

yos.

532. &X' o, K. 7. X.: but I will not undertake to settle the point withover-nicety; the question, that is, to whom he owes his safety.

533 fig. yp ov, for really. - 's p.s or-To-pCas, in return for savingme, genit. of price with Xa~p3dovw (Orest. 502), as if it were dvrtXa~pfdvw.

538. .h 'zrpbs wXos X&pv, without giving way to violence, without allow-ing violence its sway. Cp. H. F. 779, dvoia xdp' &8co6ds.

542 fig. Xpvards and i~wvo-t-aL are parallel. - YEvOLTo : GMT. § 34, 1 (a).546. LLXXav, K. 7. X. The same words Suppl. 428.548 fig. yeyds: supplem. partic. - c rpwv, chaste, virtuous; the op-

posite of dKpa s, incontinent, lustful. His proof of rofia, 551 fig., ofoawpob5, 555 fig., of txlia, 559 fig. - X' arvXos: Medea had made agesture of impatience.

554. 4 rrat8a ycaLc : added after ro95e as explanatory of it. So Heracl298.

555. i 'i- KWV(EL, the thing at which you are nettled.557. AplLXa v IOXSTEIKVOV = a/uXXav roXvrEKVaS. A compound adjec-

tive used for the genit. of its derivative abstract substantive; a favorite

Euripidean figure. So ALXXa tLX65Xovros, gpss A3pwXrovros, eb'60 O0t 7t-

.al, EuTEKVOL Xpo lloli (I. T. 412, 1148, 776, Ion 423): see also 1010.

560. yyvrwov : parallel to dX0alppwv, rer., gXw;, above.564. dAs ra c'd, on the same footing, making no distinction, that is. be-

MEDEA.

tween them and Medea's children; by this the latter would gain in con-sideration; cp. 596. - In the next line, Elmsley's conjecture, ebiaqtovoi-Aev, certainly improves the sense.

565, 566. 't 8Bt; implies oi bv bt, hence rE-re. - rcw8rv : i. e. 'any

more children.' - Xie (sc. ~7~77) - AvoTreXE?, as below 1112, 1362, and

frequently in tragedy.573 fig. The same sentiment again, Hipp. 616 fig., at greater length. -

XPiv : imperf. of unfulfilled necessity ; GMT. § 49, 2, Note 3; G. § 222,N. 2; H. 703. - ydp, the fact is. It may, like that in 122, be explainedby assuming an ellipsis: 'Things are not as they ought to be, for...'But it must be borne in mind that y7p does not always mean for, and isnot always a causal particle. Its original force (ye + dp) must have beenintensive and consecutive, something like surely then, and the recognition ofthis accounts for many uses of ydp which otherwise can only be laboriouslyexplained. So particularly the yadp of wishes, not only in the formula el ydp,but by itself (KaKw Syip l6 o0o Cycl. 261 ; Orest. 1147 ; Hipp. 640), whichmight be roughly rendered would then indeed. And so it may be takenhere, as Xpgv is nearly the same as 6d9eXov. On this matter consult Klotzad Devar. p. 231 fig., Bliumlein's Untersuch. iib. d. gr. Partikeln, p. 68 fig.;Kiihner's Ausf. Gramm. II. p. 724. - oK JVUL : see on 73. - This speech

of Jason's, 522- 575, is just equal in length to Medea's, 465- 519, eachhaving 53 verses, excluding, of course, 468. This correspondence is com-mon in the argumentative parts of Eurip. plays.

577. rap& yvdpiiv, contrary to your mind or wishes.580. poC, to my mind : see on 404.582 fig. yXbo-ra~- with lrep heXEv. - siXwv, presumptuously fancying.

- o4K lyav o~ro s : Cp. Hec. 1192, where it is said that such men areaopol, but not e& TrXovs aool.

584 fig. &s Kal wT, K. T. X. There is a slight turn in this sentence, froman assertion to a prohibition : As for instance you -- had best not undertaketo be, etc.; the full thought being, 'as, for example, you are a person ofthis sort, but beware of attempting your sophistries with me.' For cjs Ka6 cp. Andr. 703 ; Hipp. 651.- ~K'Tvet : a wrestler's phrase.

588. - 4SE Xdyp : this argument in favor of my marrying the princess.591 fig. The thought is abridged; it is in full : It was not that (fear of

my anger) that restrained you (from telling me) but the consciousness thatyour real motive in deserting me was a different one, namely that yourmarriage with a foreigner was likely to prove not reputable for your old age;i. e. if continued through life.

594, 595. yqpai : infin. after oiaa instead of participle. This occursonly with to-C, chiefly after the phrase eb rT6' to-L, seldom elsewhere (Soph.Ant. 473, Phil. 1329). - X4K'rpa aoLXECv, the royal bride. paroXi'o is

106-

NOTES.

generalizing plural; of a royal personage, of royalty. The Ms. readingX. p3aoXws could only mean a king's wife. The correction is Elmsley's.- Oeb v : as if 9y yce had preceded.

598, 599. Let me not have prosperity which shall be galling, nor wealtlhwhich shall vex my soul2; such as that must be which Jason claims to haveprovided for her. - KvC(OL: GMT. § 64, 1.

600. oto-0' cs... avet; equivalent to ola8' js aperevtaAdy aoocwrdpa /ave ;

since /ereTEeL is in thought subordinate to ave.606. yapoo-a, by taking another wife, as you did ?608. 4pala, a curse, curse-bringing. A dark threat. apaios has this

sense Hipp. 1415, Iph. T. 778, and elsewhere.609. cs with future indic. at the beginning of a speech, expressive of

firm resolution; an Euripidean idiom. Sometimes, as here, in oppositionto the preceding, sometimes in vehement assent. Usually expllained ('o04s)ws, but perhaps rather the bs is causal" ' It is useless to talk, for-';'Have no fear about that, for-.'--KpLvovpaL, litigabo.- TrvSe: H. 577,

Rem. c; G. § 173, 1, note.613. a-6p3oka : in contracting serla, guest and host broke a small bone

(doarpayahos), and retained each a half, to be used thereafter as a creden-tial either by themselves or others whom they might send ; an interestingusage of the heroic age.

617. 8(Sov, offer; GMT. § 11, N. 2; H. 702 end.619. &AX' ov : well, at any rat e.624. 8.rcrov igros: an expression peculiar to Eurip. (Ale. 546,

Suppl. 1038), and ridiculed by Aristophanes, Thesm. 881.625, 626. aov 04c 8' Edp (or-aL, with leave of Heaven be it said ; a for-

mula to avoid the appearance of presumption and consequent divine dis-pleasure. - apveto-OaL, will be fain to disown.

627 fig. Jason having departed, the chorus (1) praises moderation andcontentment in love and wedlock, and (2) bewails the lot of the homeless.Medea remains upon the stage. - rp-yav, plus nimio; as it were, 'inover-excess.' Sometimes joined iorepdyav.

629 fig. rapBoKav: gnomic aorist. The plural of aor. in -Ka, Heracl.319; Ion, 1200; H. F. 590; Or. 1166, 1641. -- &vSpavy = dvOpcbrross, as675. - & s, (just enough and no more) in moderation, as Ale. 907. -'X0oL: GMT. § 54, 2, (a).

633 fig. Xptco'i v : Xpdoeos has U often in lyric passages, a license bor-rowed from the lyric poets. Pindar has even Xpurbs once. - 1~eEpp Xp.:as with a poison. - oo-'Odv: obj. of del~ys. Aphrodite appears here armedwith Eros' bow.

635. ar- pyoL, lovingly watch over, as a parent over children.

639 fig. Ovjbv KXriAavOa : see on 8. - arT or Xiov, K. r. X., bit favor-

107

1 EDEA.

ing peaceful unions may she with keen judgment regulate the conjugal rela-tions of women.

647. oLKTp6aTov aXcwv, pitiable from its woes; dX iwv genit. of cause,

as with oIKTEilp. Cp. A.olpas E6SCia.oves, Iph. T. 1491.

648 fig. oav&rq......iavi c-oa-a.: rather (than live an exile) may Iperish

by death, whenever I have come to that day. This is, I think, the best

understanding of this perplexing sentence. davo6w, dv6w often mean reach,arrive at, usually, it is true, with accus. of place ; but Tro. 595, vy& 5'

evoe o6XAa, very much as here. (Others render having ended this life;

but 4i'pa in this sense must have an adjective with it. Hermann's ex-planation, moriar potius quam hunc diem exegerim, according to whichtaveaara stands for s-pi, iav6oat, is untenable.)

654. i tov : obj. of 9Xw. -6pdo-acatL, to receive into my mind, to recog-

nize the truth of.

659. &Xa pioros XoLTo, may he perish gracelessly or dismally ; without

having any xipts, grace or favor, shown him. Jason, the author of all this

unhappiness, occurs suddenly to mind. -5T 7rrpo-T'LV, who can find it in

his heart. - Kaapiv (unless indeed KaOapav) poetically joined to' KAXgia in-

stead of <pev : undoing the bolt of a guileless heart, disclosing frankly

one's real character. - AvolgavTa after brTC, justified by the infin. rTc~. -pLo p.Uv: opposition to others (tiXXos BE) is implied.

663. Aegeus enters from the right, as coming from the harbor (682).

668. pc aXov yis: a white stone in the nave of the Delphic temple

was believed to mark the centre of the earth.

669. 7rws ylvoLTo: indirect for 7rws yEsrrac; GMT. § 88, N. 1.

675. KaT' vSpa : H. 660 c. - a-vIyXEAv: epexegetical infin.; 'words

too wise for a man in respect of understanding them'; that is, too wise for

a man to understand. Notice dvSpa - av6pwrov..676. 4'v (without 56) is not unfrequent in questions. Cp. 1129.

677. Erd TOL Ka : this formula means especially as.

679. The scholiast gives as the current form of the oracle : -

aKcoi) 7ov 7rpovXovra r68a, uiya dprare a)cov,

pt hdals rpiv yovvbv 'AO9rvaiwv a4uK'icra

(so, with slight variations, Plutarch and Apollodorus), and explains itsmeaning thus : &TKOUo oiV TrS yCao-rpos, -r66a U 7 Z6p oV, rrapoov ov wis roGedv

700 d KOU mrpoEXE t O XET 7e o b'r P Xp7ae' rsOL p TUVeXCBEIV ETip& (7raips, Elmsl.)rpie drq3ae r~s rarptos. Medea attempts no solution of the mystery.

682. ws t XP1.yjov: GMT. § 109, Note 4, (a). Exactly, under the feelingof what need ? ws is not quite meaningless.

684. ws Xyovo-L refers to e~pie raToS. Of Pelops' other sons, Atreus

and Thyestes at least were not ev eges at all.

108

NOTES.

688. Medea turns away as if to end the interview abruptly. Aegeus'attention is thus drawn to her sorrowful appearance.

689. 88e, thus: see on 50.

690. Aegeus, I have, etc.

694. 44' W.t V, not simply besides me, but superseding me, in authority

over me. yaely ftrl rvt or iRtyaguei reTv is used of taking a second wife

'over the head,' as we might say, of some one, either the first wife or the

children. Alc. 305, 372, Orest. 589, Herod. IV. 154.

695. j wrov, if right, must mean, Is it possible that- ? (Really in anyway-?) But it is not elsewhere used in questions implying surprise or

incredulity as to a statement already made, but in those containining a sug-

gestion of the speaker's, which he brings forward with more or less hesita-

tion. Cp. 1308. Accordingly the conjecture p/" rov (Weil) has much inits favor.

696. rpb roG: H. 525 d; G. 143, 2.

698. p.lyav y' Upwra, namely, epaf9eis. The sense: 'Yes, 't is a new

passion, and a mighty one, that made him desert me. Inconstancy is his

nature.' She next explains that this passion is ambition for rank.

699. tTw = idaew. ' Never mind him.' Soph. O. T. 669, 6 8' o i' frw.703. Av : GMT. § 11, Note 6.

707. irveo-ra: see on 223.

708. Xdyp h v oXC, K. r. . : he pretends not to, but he is willing to be

patient under the affliction. This last with irony, as it were Jason's own

hypocritical language. She means that he is secretly glad of it. So un-

derstood, the vulgate, which has caused some perplexity, seems to give

good sense.

709. Suppliants clasped the knees, grasped the right hand, or stroked

the beard of the person supplicated.

715. XLos 0BvoLs: that is, 'may you live happy till your death.'

717. Se, as often, where ycp would have been in place.

720. Ocev: the gods are the guardians of suppliants; Medea, in saying

lKEaLa yPtyolat (710), had put herself under their protection.

722. 4po08ds etdI, am helpless, undone, have utterly fai led. Cp. Heracl.

703. (Others, am eager; but there is no example of such a use of <poSos.)

724. aEpcparopaj-8CKLos civ, shall be justified in trying. According to

Greek views of the jus gentium it would be right for Aegeus to protect

Medea if she fled of herself to him as a suppliant, but not to take her

himself out of another's dominions.

725-728. These four lines seem to be a paraphrase of 723, 724, 729, 730,

-repeating a part of the thought in a diluted form. They seem to have been

written as a substitute for them, by some one who thought the original

expression obscure. Hence I have followed Kirchhoff in bracketing them.

109

MEDEA.

Nauck rejects 723, 724, and 729, and places 730 after 726. - oi a -e l

p.eOi: GMT. § 89, 1 ; H. 845. - TLVL : dativus commodi.

729. &LraXX.o-ov 'irdSa: rv6ba (or KwXov, etc.) is often joined, for greater

vividness, to intransitive verbs of motion (3paivew, repav, 4ro-o'ew, etc.) as

a kind of cognate accusative (as it were, walk a footstep) ; especially com-

mon in Eurip.; Ale. 1153, Elec. 94, 1173, Hec. 53, 1071.

735 fig. Join TOVTOLS ayOVo-LV EK YLcaS sipi, at the bidding of these, should

thcy attempt to carry me off out of the country. 444 cannot depend on Aee-

0eto, which would require a genit. The Mss. have yeLets, which, if right,would be for ueOei-s, a solitary instance of its kind; this shorter form

(@ueereiev, etc.) is common enough in plural, but not in singular. yw offorcible abduction.

737 fig. are badly garbled in the Mss., which give Id&)oros...KdT7LKpUKEC6-

aot ok Eavw roio : this makes the passage merely a repetition of the first

part of the sentence. But plainly XOyoLs SE stands in opposition to opKoL(L

Iv, and the meaning must have been, 'but if you make an agreement in

words merely, and not with oaths, then you will be likely to yield to my

enemies' demands.' A single hint of the original text, KUrK7pvKiu 6aRa, is

furnished by a scholium. I have written the passage, nearly with Nauck,so as to give the needed sense, without feeling at all sure that the words

are Euripides'. - CXos : namely of my enemies.

739. C'r&p: nearly equivalent to Eyc. Cp. Andr. 235.

741. kXEas = Bet as v X6yom. (Porson.)

744 flg. Construe SELKVUVaL ~XoVTa, to show that I have: cp. 548.

9Xovra (instead of 9XoTr) agreeing with the omitted subject of the inf.;cp. on avoLsa ra, 660. - b ordv, thy interests. - *gyo9 OEois, name (prop-

erly dictate, go over beforehand) the gods I am to swear by. So 9tapX' dpKOV,,Iph. T. 743, adcminister the oath.

747. oaVVTLOEls, together, comprehensively ; yivos belongs with bPau. Cp.Hec. 1184; fragm. 658. Verse 748 occurs again, Iph. T. 738.

750. atXos, on the other hand; Cp. on 296.

753. & for ro6Tot a. It might have been ois.754. r&aots - E-IXe iraOez,. Opt. of wishing in a question.

758. 'vXoao' & povXopa L: a either for dKLvwV i, cp. 753; or like roobve259. - Aegeus here departs towards the left, as going to foreign parts.

759. -irotrratos: Hermes, adept in cunning and subterfuge, guides per-sons through difficult enterprises and journeys: Rhes. 216; Soph. Elec.1395; Phil. 133; Aesch. Eum. 90; 11. w, 182.

760 fig. The construction is 7rpeL'ciS TE (EKEvea) ov ErLvoL0a KaTE V

orrirEses (abrd). " Idem est i'rvoLav KaTEXWV quod 'rvtLOUlaV gXw." (Elms-

ley.) Cp. v60oo KCaTXWV, Phoen. 330.

763. SE68dKiG.'L : the dramatists use the tenses 0oK5ow, etc., freely, espe-

cially in choral passages.

110

NOTES. 111

766. els 68bv pEiJKqLEV: that is, we are no longer wandering at ran-dom, see our course clearly before us.

768 fig. ro, where; Ka8' 68 ydpos. Schol. In the very matter, she means,which perplexed her most; see 386 fig. - 6 p.voLev : as a ship in dis-tress: cp. Aesch. Theb. 210. - XLplv: so Andr. 891 Orestes is called ahaven.

770 fig. rpv.vlTl v Ka&Aw: the ancients moored their ships with thestern towards the shore.- p okdvrs : see on 314. -- dorTv, the lower town;Ir6XLo-a,. the acropolis.

773. S Xov, expect.778, 779. These two verses come in very awkwardly after 777. They

were plainly written as a substitute for it, not to follow it.781. XLwroo' Aiv, Wecklein after Elmsley ; the Mss. Xrovo-a. The par-

ticiple represents the optative. - The next line is suspected by many;cp. 1060.

785. ph. eyev depends on the idea of entreaty implied in 84pa epov-ras. Cp. Suppl. 285, yovao-v...z'irvo...-rdoov IavaracoOaL, and Heracl. 345.This verse (lacking in a good Ms.) is also suspected.

790 fig. &rakkXoor-co, dismiss. - ci pawg: aor. as 223. Medea has nowgiven up her former plan (375) of causing Jason's death. The idea whichhas all along been dimly present to her mind has now taken definite shape ;she will take a more exquisite revenge by killing his children with his newwife, leaving him childless and without prospect of issue, to pass an oldage of regret and remorse. - Trovre 0v : cf. on ro6v epBe, 1167.

795. cdvov d4yovo-a: the place of the murder was accursed for themurderer; he was obliged to flee and seek expiatory rites (KaOdpo-ca, ayvcOa)at the hands of some one at a distance, to be freed from blood-guiltiness

( lao ya, acica).798. The thought suddenly strikes her that her life must be rendered

miserable by such a deed, but she dismisses it with Never mind; whatrofits me my life in any case ? to: a formula of indifference or defiant

resolution; cp. 819; Heracl. 455; Orest. 794; cp. also 699.802. owv Oew, with Heaven's help ; ep. 625.814 fig. oiK 9r0TLv, it cannot be. - rraoXovoav after a-ot : see on 660.819. ovv (i. e. of iv) p.?o-c, intervening ; 'all that you can say mean-

while.' Cp. Hel. 630 ; Or. 16 ; H. F. 94. (Or perhaps between us; 'thepresent discussion'; cp. Hel. 944 ; Elec. 797.)

820 flg. Addressed to the nurse, who has come out from the house. -11--, confidential cmatters. - Se<wo' daLs, the generalizing plural; she

means herself. - yvv' T' '~vs: so as to sympathize with another woman.824 fig. The first strophe and antistrophe celebrate the praises of Athens.

After this apparent digression, the chorus returns to the matter in hand

MEDEA.

with the thought, ' How can such a place harbor a criminal such as youwill be,' and appeals again to Medea to desist from her design.

825 fig. Oecv wrra tes: Erechtheus (or Erichthonius) was a son of He-phaestus and Gaea. - &rop0eirov : so that the autochthonic race havealways remained in possession. - The o-o ta is thought of as a naturalproduct of the country. - Xa j-rpoTdIrov: the clear air of Attica was fa-mous, and was thought to impart vivacity and grace.

834. 'Appovtav must be subject to vrevOac, not object, for nine Musescould not bear one daughter. That the Muses were born in Attica, andthat Harmonia was their mother, seems to be au invention of Euripides.Hesiod makes them daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne, born in Pierianear Olympus.

835 fig. The text is in disorder. As it stands, the goddess dips waterfrom the river to infuse its coolness into the breezes she wafts over theland. This is perhaps endurable, but hardly the double accus. with Kara-irve oat (either Xcpas or ~ecrpiass [aipass] would be required) ; moreover, wehave (after rejecting aipas, impossible for metrical reasons) a gap of sevensyllables, best placed with Kirchhoff after Xdpav, - - - -. The

lost words contained some equivalent to aipas.844 fig. Loves which are the companions of wisdom are chaste and tem-

perate loves as opposed to sensual passion, including the gpws vXjs of thephilosophers; see Eur. frag. 342. Such are -ravro(as &pET&s (vvEpyol, thatis, join with wisdom in producing every virtue.

846 flg. The order: 7rca ov / ~rbXts iepwv rora v Xypa vb6urqos4 dXoave &e Ce..., etc. - lepsv c rocatLv: gen. of characteristic, H. 568. - CAX v

irordrL[ os, safely harboring its friends, affording them a safe refuge. Inthis sense r6,urtsos 6 aieLwv (the Dodonian Zeus), Phoen. 984. - '&v odxoav per' Xov, you the polluted among your fellow-men.

854. Wr&rv -' Nauck for 7rdvres. The repetition of a( is not surprising.856 fig. (pEvbs...XEpl.p..KapSL 'eE: a curious enallage; boldness either

of mind or in your hand and heart. - TEKVOV (vocative), Nauck. Buteven thus the text is hardly sound.

861 fig. S aKpvv... dovov, keep tearless the lot of murder, i. e. 'keepfrom weeping at the murder you are destined to commit.' The emphasisfalls on i8aKpvv = rorT ,R6aKpvu EivaL. oipa 6vrov in the same sense, Elec.

1290.864. owLvCav of the effect ; 'stain your hand red.'866 fig. Kal yp as at 314. - ot-rbv: oros atv.871. vwepy-yopat, a rare word, seems here to have the sense of brovpylw.872. 8i& XAdywv &LK6OIqv: H. 629 d. See on 1081.

876. ?IAtv, of course, with oev opLTara. She gives him back his own

arguments; see 563, 595; and so in the following sentences.

112

NOTES.

879. rt wrrdi- ; what am I thinking of? what possesses me to act as Ido? Cp. 1049.

880. raiss : referring to 565. - XOdva 4e16yovras: their banishmentfrom Iolcus is meant. - iq&ps: Jason and all the family ; see 551- 554.

884. ao4povetv refers to 549.887. gvfwrepaEvELv and the following infinitives are brought in as if t}v...

,/erdXELY had preceded, instead of the impersonal jy....EreTEac. Hence, too,the accus. K77J60UaV. - rapEo'rcvaL XiXEL: that is, assist at the bridalceremonies, particularly in conducting the bride into the OdXaos. - v'~-

ilv, K. r. X.: construe i6jcrOai re K60ovoU-aV (tending) vYirU7V 0-eEV.889 fig. to-pc v o'd6v Eopev : a depreciatory expression. Cp. 1011. Said

in reference to 573 fig. - yvvatKes is predicate nom., 'in short, we arewomen.' - KKotS : generalizing plulal ; you were not therefore bound toimitate a bad example like myself. She compliments him on his forbear-ance at their previous interview. - By v no~a she means blind, senselessinvective.

892. rapiega-Oea, I speak you fair, I crave your good-will. r7apieoatis used of one who by concessions and fair words tries to win over another.- #povey : infin. of the imperfect; GMT. § 15, 3.

896. SLa CLXX4 e 'rTs wp. ExOpas, make peace in renouncing your formerenmity. Since &aXXdaoo"oa is strictly efect a change in my relations, itcan, like any other compound of dXXdrow, take the genitive. - The chil-dren, in answer to this summons, appear from the house accompanied bytheir guardian.

899 fig. o';OL...KeKpv iLvO v : with admirable art the poet makes Me-dea's grief overcome her in spite of the part she is acting, so as almost tobetray her. Her tears burst forth at sight of the children, and thesewords escape her almost involuntarily. But, recovering herself, she goeson dp' w -reKVa, K. T. X., so as to lead Jason to understand T& KEKpvUdj vaof the hidden future, and refer her emotion to natural anxiety for the chil-dren's life.

904 fig. Xpdvw, at length. - Tr'vSe, as you see.906 fig. Xkopov, fresh. Like our green (wood, fruit, etc.), it is opposed

to dry, withered, without reference to color; so, finally, as applied to wine(Cycl. 67) or water (Phoen. 660) it can mean little else than sparkling. -rpopat eiiov = irpoalbl CSre tefov E vc.

908. !KEtva, your former conduct.909 fig.

6 pyds 7roL toe-aL : periphrasis for 6pylieo-Oat. - wrrpep.joXvros

(airo0): genitive absolute, instead of the dative with vr6oet, simply for con-venience of the verse. H. 791 d. Cp. Soph. Trach. 803.

912. VLKW oav = Kpeiaa ow. - & TX& A 4d Xpdvy, in time at any rate (if notat once). For this use of dXXd, H. 863 a.

113

114 MEDEA.

915. roXXhv 'O1KE 'wpoprlOtav, has taken measures of great prudence. -

aov Oeots, as 802.

917. -rd wpwTa of persons of the highest rank, Or. 1248 and elsewhere.

920. 'Xkos, period. Just so Ale. 412, 7ypws rdhos.922. a/T Ir as vocative; H. 680 a; G. § 148, N. 2.

926. e~ Boaac rept TVos is not Greek. The right expression (see Iph. T.

1003) is eb6 O 'ac 7i Tcros. rrep has crept in from above, and before Trv8e

two syllables (- ~), containing the article, have fallen out.

928. ~rrl SaKpIotLs 'v, is by nature prone to tears.

929. rdkatva, tenderly; poor woman. This verse comes in rather

abruptly here. The coherence is improved by placing 929-931 between

925 and 926.

931. OIKTro et, a compassionate anxiety (ein wehmiithiges Gefithl, Klotz)

as to whether. Cp. 184.

934. Etre, K. T. .: the apodosis is 938 fig. - &ror7retXaL: a mild term.

938 fig. iwrapopev: the present in a future sense, like eL t. H. 699 a;

GMT. § 10, 1, Notes 6 and 7. - Srws av : H. 741; GMT. § 44, 1, N. 2.

942. A&XX as 912; at any rate. - ra~pds: the genitive with aiTreZoOa

(as if eioOat) is surprising ; cp. 1154.

944 fig. rdo'ELv crae, that I shall persuade her (not that she will persuade

hih), as 946 shows. The following verse then means, ' if she is soft-hearted

and susceptible to your blandishments like others of her sex.' Medea slyly

flatters Jason's self-complacency ; he prides himself on his influence with

women. The Mss. continue 945 to Jason; that it belonged to Medea is

seen from the scholia.

949. From 786. Elmsley and Kirchhoff reject it there and admit it

here.

950. 4NX in abrupt transition. - SCrov r&Xos = s Trcios = As -rXLra.

958. oTroL eL7r'e4, not to be despised, with a double meaning. The

reader should not fail to note the covert irony of many of Medea's phrases,as 952, 957.

962. Ip&s, me. Jason's vanity is wounded at the thought that gifts

can prevail more than his own influence.965. ~i p.o a- 6: sc. X6youv X ye. - Xyos: this proverb, as quoted

Plat. Rep. 390, runs:-8topa O8obs riOee , 8&p' acSoiove Pautrt ac

paraphrased, Ovid, Ars Amat. iii. 653, munera, crede mihi, capiunt homi-

nesque deosque.

966 fig. The argument is : ''such finery beseems a fortunate princess

rather than an outcast like myself, and as for its value, I would give even

my life to keep my children from banishment.' - B Saaov, Fortuna, the

luck. - IKetVa s & KEVl7. - VEQ TUpaVEdt, she is young-a princess. -=

NOTES.

vydrys: that is, the remission of the penalty. AdXdo -oeat is receive inexchange for, purchase at the price of (less often give in exchange).

974. (robrwv) cv Fpp TvXEYV : purposely ambiguous. The omitted ante-cedent depends on ed yyefoc. - The children here depart with their guar-dian-slave and Jason.

978 flg. AvaSeo-&v drav, the bane of the head-bands = the baneful head-bands. - rbv "ALa Ko'- oV, fuunestum ornatum. (Pflugk.)

985. vV4p OKOJ.o0"L : namely, as bride of Hades; the same idea Iph.Aul. 461, Or. 1109.

989. nrEp gEE'Era.L: as out of a snare in which the feet are entangled:cp. Aesch. Pers. 100. Three syllables (- - -) are lacking after thisword.

992 fig. raLo-r--jLoT4: two datives, of the whole and part, instead of7rait8w, P3co4. Cp. Hipp. 1274, parvo*,qV Kpa6f...10oppd'oy, H. F. 179;Bacch. 619; Heracl. 63.

995. poCpas WrapocxE, are at fault respecting your lot, fail to realize whatawaits you; literally, have strayed beyond it. (Not, 'how art thou fallenfrom thy high estate.')

996. p araorvop.aL, I pass to bewailing, I bewail in turn (after havingbewailed something else). Schol. peOiorayac 6 Kai 6'iri T av sdXyos. SofieTaKaoaLt, Hec. 211. In neither of these places can "ra- mean too lateor afterward. Cp. p.erexopat, 600.

1000. 0-oL: dat. of disadvantage.1002. The iratcaywyos, who has accompanied the boys to the palace, here

returns with them, and addresses his mistress in breathless eagerness totell the good tidings. Medea, assured of the success of her plans, and nowbrought face to face with her dreadful task, stands motionless with horror,and seems not to hear him. - &hAdevra.: cp. the construction of dle ac

here with that at 1155. Creon's consent had not yet been obtained(1156 fig.), but as the bride has promised to intercede, the servant thinksthe matter certain.

1004. rTKOEtv, so far as matters in that quarter are concerned.1006 fig. From 923 fig.1009 flg. pc.v...oaK ot8a, do I, without knowing it, announce some mis-

chance ? 7t6X? in a bad sense, as 1203. - 840ga EriyyeXos is the credit of

bringing good tidings; see on 557.1011. Iyye Xas ot' gyyELXas: cp. 889...1013 fig. 7roXkkXi ' avayK1q, sc. baKpvppoe. - T v.O yap, K. T. X. The

idea is, 'my own perverseness, under influence of the gods, has brought thisabout.' She is thinking of the sending of the fatal gifts, but the old manunderstands her impending banishment, and answers accordingly.

1015 fig. KTE~L, shalt return from banishment. - rpbs iKvov, through

115

MEDEA.

thy children. -- KTadiw in double sense ; shall restore from banishment, andshall bring down to Hades.

1018. Ovr'bv v'ra, one who is mortal.

1020. The attendant enters the house; the children remain. In theremarkable scene which follows, Medea is swayed now this way, now that,by conflicting emotions.

1021 fig. IrkXLS and 8spa covertly allude to the lower world ; so oLK. &ECwith significance.

1026 fig. KeKTpa, : not pleonastic, but - match, marriage. - XApw8rdas:to carry torches at the bridal festivities was the special duty of the mothersof the contracting parties.

1029. XXos, to no purpose. - 1030 also in Troad. 755.1035. t'kwT6

v: feminine, or neuter referring to the infin. clause? Prob-ably the latter.

1039. Rkko Xg IF pLov: ambiguous; the boys understand the splendidlife in the palace ; she means the life below.

1046 flg. Toi~rv with emphasis ; 'by harming them,' not the guilty manhimself. - 81s 6orvao: twice as great as I inflict on him.

1049. IC irc;crXo ; as 879. - y~X ra : forgiveness of a wrong the Greeksconsidered no virtue, but a weakness.

1051. ~is EllS .KiaKIS, K. 7. .: genit. of exclamation, followed by theinfinitive expressing astonishment; GMT. § 104. Shame on my cowardice !To think that I should even have let slip soft words from, my heart.

1054 fig. OevpayLv : she speaks of the murder as of a sacrifice, and says,'let him whose conscience forbids his presence, stay away.' The languageis that of one warning the unholy away from a sacred act. - aa'r w peki oL,sc. rapetva. - Xepa 8' o SLa OEpc, manum, non corrumpam miseri-cordia. (Pflugk.) The idea is enfeeble, destroy the force of: so yv /urdvt&a0elpetpw, allow my resolution to waver, Aesch. Ag. 932.

1056 fig. Ove : Medea addresses her passion as it were another person.She falters again for an instant, but with a sudden revulsion of feelingbursts forth L& Tois, K. . X. -- KE : in Athens.

1059 fig. With these words Medea's frenzy culminates; hereafter hermood is one of calm and unflinching resolution. - rapijroo : she persuadesherself, in spite of 1045 and 1058, that it is too late to save the boys byflight. - 1062, 1063, from 1240, 1241.

1064. wiErrpaKTaL : GMT. § 17, N. 6.1069. wrpoo-sLrEv : this word means either to greet at meeting (895) or

to bid farewell at parting; here the latter. The children are yet on thestage; Medea must have detained them at 1056.

1073. EKEt- O48~ : both with a double meaning.

1074. wpoo-pok4: embrace. 1v UA 7r repTroo cEOatL Kal KaqLeV TRaLSra

Xdvet. Schol. Cp. Suppl. 1139, TpoafoXal 7rpoa7rrwv.

116

NOTES.

1077. oT'a = o'a re. So Kirchhoff. But the text is very uncertain.1079. (ovXevp.dLwv, better judgment. This sentiment Euripid. has

repeated several times ; as fragm. 838, aia, 766' 3q Oov dvOpc&vrot KaK',

Tar rTm eimb 7TayaO6v, XpFT7at 6d /k7. Cp. the well-known words of Ovid'sMedea (Met. 7, 20), video ,meliora proboque, deteriora sequor.

1081. The children have again entered the house; Medea remains anx-

iously looking for further news. Meanwhile the chorus-leader recites thefollowing verses, which are not a stasimon, but only an anapaestic pas-

sage separating the parts of the episode, like that at 357, but of unusuallength. She prepares the way for the sentiments about children she ex-

presses below (1090) by saying that she, in spite of her sex, has participatedin philosophical speculations, since some women, though few, have intel-lectual culture (eokea). A similar exordium, Ale. 962. - 8L& XEwr . pljVOpokov, have engaged in subtler arguments; cp. 872.

1087 fig. 1ravpov yivos, a small class: supply EdTriv. piav was ingen-iously supplied by Elmsley, after Heracl. 327, rradpwv LerT' tXXwv* Eva y&piv roXXois aws e pote tts a rts, Kc. T. X. - To YUVaLKWV is added somewhatfreely at the end ; of womankind namely, referring to yroVs.

1091. irecpoo, namely ratborot'as, as the next clause shows. A likesentiment, Ale. 880; the reverse, Ion 488.

1094 fig. SL' wrreLpoo-vwvv EtiE, through inexperience as to whether. -oirX

vUXdVres, inasmuch as they have none (children).

1101 fig. zrpwTov piv-r : see on 126. - rcws OpwoL: G MT. § 45 andNote 8. - 6wd0e~v XcdovrL is an indirect cquestion partaking of the nature

of an object clause after an expression of care or anxiety; ep. GMT. § 45

Remark, and foot-note.1103. K, after.

1105. ib ir. Xoto-OLov KaKdV, the crowning evil of all.1107. Kal 8SA as 386.1109. e4 8 Kvpo-a"L So(awv OVTOs, si tamen ca fortuna eveniat. (Elmsley.)1112 fig. XCeL = XvUatre\d, as 566. - -r4vS1 Xrr-v is the grief of losing

children by death, and the sense is: 'Why, for the sake of having children,should men incur such afflictions at the hands of the gods ?'

1117. &KE9iEV for Tr& KE, from the influence of KapaSoKw.1123. Xlroao-a(: that is, 'not leaving unused,' taking the first means

of conveyance that offers. vatav ad rivlv: a circumlocution for ship, likevioibs 6Xrta, Iph. T. 410.

1129. p v as in 676. - povews 6p e; are you in your right mind ?1133. p t o-r-wpXov, don't be excited. - l(Xos : nomin. for vocative.1140. or-Eto-OaL = rovas &taXeXVK Vat.

1141. 6 Iv 's: H. 525 a, fine print. Tcs shows that o 1v does notrefer to any particular person.

117

MEDEA.

1143. Wriya yvvaLKv (accus. of place whither), the yvvacKWVTr5S orwomen's apartment. It was unusual for a man to enter this, but the joyof the moment excused this infraction.

1144. iav to.sv, look up to. (Elihnsley.)

1150. 6py2 s & d pEL: 456 and note.

1151 fig. o@ h 8vo-Sj.vi~s 9fctL... rao'EL 8...Kal OrpiteLs, K. r. X., be notwrathftl...but cease...cand turn, etc. GMT. § 89, 2 and Note 1, wheresimilar examples. The futures express a command, and are probably inter-

rogative, o going with all of them, ' only with fe E . Otherwise Good-win, 1. c. Rem. 1.

1153. o$o-wsep tv, sc. vOIUi-.

1154 fig. wrapaLri o'EL :rapare7 fOaL rarpos is less anomalous than al-

e 0at irarpos, 942, but both are singular. - i l XdpLv adverbial, for mysake.

1158 fig. &nrEvaL: the boys returning home with their attendant, Jasongoing elsewhere. -lqri'r'Xero: aor. (H. 438, 5); the form U'grlXero, withdouble augment, is very doubtful.

1162. dK g(gen. eiKOUS, Hel. 77), collateral form of eKC'Yv.

1165 fig. roXd& noTXXd.KLS, often and again. - r0vovi is 6pOdv : rdv o iscertainly the foot (properly the sinew of the heel), as Bacch. 938, and 6p0' sseems to mean raised on tiptoe. She stands on tiptoe and looks over hershoulder to survey the fall of the robe.

1167. roivevse, deinde. Strictly an appositive; as the next thing inorder.

1169 fig. 4 0dv.L with a participle as usual, but followed by L reo'Etv

(instead of the more regular rpiv re6E), since it implies prevention, a nega-

tive idea. GMT. § 95, 2 (c) ; H. 838. Scarcely does she throw herself...in

time to avoid falling, etc.

1172. .Ilovbs 6pyds. Such a sudden and unaccountable feeling of terror

as sometimes comes over one in deep forests and lonely mountain glades

the Greeks believed to be sent by Pan, and thence any apparently cause-

less fright or panic (avzKbv 6tei Za), even in battle, as well as sudden

madness and epileptic fits, were thought to come from him. A like crazing

influence over the mind was ascribed to other deities, Dionysus, Hecate,Cybele. In such cases it was proper that the divine presence be recog-

nized by an 6XoXvyn or praye ful ejaculation, a peculiar cry of the women,expressive of religious fervor and joy, and used on divers sacred occa-

sions.

1173 fig. rpv ye, till at length. -- dy.ro v &b KpaS o'p' ovo'av : i. e.

dEro-rpd&eovo-av K pas dbL8cirwv. Tmnesis.

1176. &vrdpokrov, in a difJcreat strain from, governs XoXvyis. Cp.

Ale. 922, 6nevaiz y7os dvriraos.

118

NOTES. 119

1181 fig. I'8l... reo shows how long it was that the princess lay inher swoon. Already a swift walker, at a brisk pace (d'vlKwv KdXov), wouldhave been reaching the goal of a course six plethra long (that is, would havewalked a stadium), when she, etc. The transcribers strangely misunderstoodand garbled this passage. The reading in the text is Porson's, after cor-rections of Reiske and Musgrave. But even this is hardly sound ; dvehK0v,in this connection, for dvaKouvt0WV, Raipwv, is odd, and as all the Mss. havethe ace. KrXheOpov agreeing with KwXov, it seems likely that KXov (as Aesch.

Again. 344) meant one side of a double race-course, and that duvhKwz hasreplaced some other participle, with the idea of passing over; perhapsdvdprwv or dveXOdv (Weil dveA-v).

1183. i as in the expressions -detps'ivs 7roXMeiv, EK baKpiwv y'Xav, etc.Transl. from this condition of, or after remaining with. - &vavsov with6uaros by a kind of zeugma. Elmsl. compares rTvX V Xdpa, Ph. 1699,TCUXcJ 7ro6i, Hec. 1050.

1193. By o-rvSea-pj~ are meant clasps of some sort (cp. Bacch. 697), bywhich the head-dress was fastened on, and ' the gold held the clasps' meanssimply that the golden clasps would not give way.

1196. K pTa 8vo-aRoS 8ev, very hard to recognitC at sight.1197. SiXos: see on 61. - KaTwr-a rLs, expression, strictly settled con-

dition.1200. ~rEKLVOV B&Kpv* rl oaa. Hesych.

1204. xri-xv...SL0 -Kakov : i. e. we learned caution from the recentcalamity.

1209. yEpovwa is used adjectively. ylpwv -6Apos, of an old man ripe forthe grave, occurs again Heracl. 166.

1216. 1 8' AvT Xciv'ro: of course only in appearance, by the adhesionof the robes ; it does not imply, as the Schol. thought, that she was stillalive. - rpos P~av dyoL, struggled violently.

1218. a i r l, desisted.1221. ro0vL 8a.Kpvo"rot: a misfortune welcome to tears is boldly put

for one which calls for, or excites a desire for tears. (The meaning to bemourncd for, which Liddell and Scott, 6th ed., assign to wrol7e6c here, itcannot possibly have.)

1222. The sense: ' your situation I will not speak of.'1224 fig. The messenger closes with some rather gloomy reflections:

there is, he thinks, no such thing as true happiness among men ; philoso-phers, who pretend to have found the key to ei66asovia, are guilty of mostserious deceit. - oi viv rrpsTov : cp. 293, 446.

1227. lp.Cav: they deserve punishment, he means, for misguiding themultitude. Many write pswplav on conjecture.

1228 flg. He distinguishes between d6ascovia, complete happiness un-

120 MEDEA.

alloyed with misery, and ebrvXia, mere good luck for the time being. -The messenger now departs.

1236 fig. oiipyov: subject of 6E4OKTCra and explained by the inf. &oppand EK6BovaL as appositives. - KavovO-~- yova-av: the nearer conforms

itself to oo, the latter falls back into the accus.1240. reos, in any case. Even if she spared them, they would be

killed as instrumental in causing the death of the princess and Creon.1243. p.I rpdoa-Eow: p; o (which Elmsley restored) would be in place

here, but is not necessary; see GMT. § 95, 2, Note 2, last part.1245. pax3t8a: the deed is to be the beginning of a long career of

wretchedness, which she likens to a race. -Avrpdv goes in thought ratherwith flov; see note on Ka6apiv, 660.

1250. re-8E : H. 855 b. - Medea enters the house.

1251 fig. The text of this ode is corrupt in several places, though itstenor is plain. The chorus calls, as a last resort, on the gods to preventthe impending crime; on the Sun, Medea's and the children's ancestor,and the Earth, who will be polluted by the blood; deplores then the mur-derous frenzy which can bring nothing but evil in its train.

1252 fig. 'AEXLos has not often a, but a clear case seems to be Soph.Trach. 835. - KmcrSET' ' TE: as ir KOUOVov IKvOU-OP, Ale. 400, and severalother examples. The preposition belongs equally to both verbs. 'Lookon her before she does the deed' implies, of course, 'prevent her.'

1255 fig. The Mss. aas y&p drib against metre; dt6 has crowded outsome trochaic word beginning with a consonant. - Xao-Lr ev: who ? Me-dea, as it stands. But it is the boys' divine origin that the chorus isthinking of, not Medea's, who is referred to in the next line as dv'pes.So, too, the Scholiast; Peaorev d-vrl ro 0 iPade r "av, govoav. rne i M?56ea

/h&v ~Ky'voo 'HhMov, or70o S EK MMyBias. It is likely that the lacuna con-

tained a word designating the children. Wecklein writes or-ippa ; it mightbe a neut. plural. - OEOi, K. r. ., there is fear that a god's blood (in the

boys' veins) be shed by human hands. The Mss. a'izarc, giving neithersense nor metre ; -rt is a trace of some lost word; Wecklein rSot. Per-haps at ' drl 7-4.

1259 fig. '9Ee' Ot'KOV, K. T. A., expel from the house the demnnon of ven-geance, bloodthirsty, driven hither and thither by the Furies. Not Medeaherself, but rather her guiding genius is meant. I have written nearlywith Weil; the Mss. reading violates the metre, and affords no dependencefor the last two words. - 4Xor~opov : from nom. dcadoropo, another formfor dXdarwp.

1261. piXeos vT4KVWV, the toil expended on the children.1267. &aElPE TaL as it stands must be rendered comes in turn, ensues.

But the metre betrays a gap of two short syllables.

NOTES.

1268 fig. Obscure and corrupt. The most that can be made of it is:grievous to mortals is the stain of kindred blood (61soyevJ /tLLU~L.) abroad inthe land, recoiling from the divine hand (0e60ev 7i-rvouTa) as corresponding

woes (ruvvpba t"i7) up)on the house of the murderers (abTrogvrats iwi 16pots).o-vvWS, sc. ros ade-oaow ; commensurate with the guilt.

1271. The voices of the boys are heard behind the scene. The twoverses ot'o....6MXXi co-0a ydp come in the Mss. before 1273. But the anti-strophe shows that two trimeters are wanting after 1274, and it seems best(as Seidler first proposed) to insert these, and supply their place above withsome exclamation (as alai) standing extra mnetrum. The falling out of thisword occasioned the transposition.

1275 fig. A&p' aL: adp-yt construed like ad/6ve, as Tro. 776, 7rati r' obvvaiFle' yv Odvarov apm jat, and Heracl. 840. - SOKEt FOL, I have a mind.

But, with a timidity characteristic of the chorus, they do not venture afterall. So Aesch. Ag. 1346 the chorus, in a similar situation, talk of comingto the rescue, but do not do it. Cp. Hipp. 782.

1278. ApKoWV ci ov s : a like figure, H. F. 729, pb6XoaL 6' apKc6owv... 17-<bpotat.

1279. aOe : see on v, 703.1281. r KVO v ipoTOV (segetem liberorum, Pflugk) periphrasis for -lKva.

- aTXELL polpy, a death inflicted by thine own hands, like abrTbXeipto-ayi, Orest. 947.

1284. Ino, daughter of Cadmus, wife of Athamas, had incurred Hera's

anger by caring for the infant Dionysus, whence she and her husband werevisited with madness. The commoner form of the story is that Athamasslew one of their children, Learchus, and would have slain the other, Meli-certes, but that Ino fled from him and leaped into the sea with the infantin her arms. But Euripides has here followed another account, not else-where found, which makes Ino kill both children in her frenzy, and thenthrow herself into the sea in despair. The gods took pity on Ino and shebecame a sea-goddess under the name of Leucothea ; Odyss. e, 333.

1286. o'vo, is dat. of cause.1288. &KTIS: the Molurian rock near Megara. - rprElvao-a rwdSa:

namely in the act of stepping off into the sea.1290. SEvv : that is, that can be called terrible in comparison with

these crimes.1293. Jason comes in breathless haste to save his children from the ven-

geance of the Corinthians.1296 fig. LV-cE: the repetition of the pronoun after so short an in-

terval is singular. But as Set can take an accus. even without an infinitive(as Be? e Torov), it is possible that vw was felt to belong so closely to Se?as to justif; another subject for the infipitive somewhat as in Paley's ren-

121

MEDE A.

dering, "it is needful for her that she... " - wr'qvdov, on wings. - Et fi84,-6 , if she means to escape paying; GMT. § 49, 1, Note 3.

1300. airj : "plane hic otiosumn et supervacaneum vocabulum." Her-mann. Not so; the sense is, ' does she who killed others expect to escapedeath herself ?'

1301. dXX&-y p: not as 252, 1085, but aXXd introduces gptovo-t below;cp. 1067, 1344.

1302 fig. (oiro0) oils (KaKws) 98pa oev 9pgovur KaKwS. - cKOO'aL : GMT.

§ 97, Note 1, latter part.1304 fig. 1oL: dat. incommodi of the person remotely interested, as in

283. With 8pao-wo-L understand aJrovs. - o% 7rporlKOVTES yEVEL: sc.Kpo/rt. - 'lpc pov, committed by their mother. - KWrp0wooTEs o6vov =KTp. 6OU 6iKrV.

1309. rat8es--cr ev together. aBdOe is similarly placed, Suppl. 133;Phoen. 1213, 1588.

1310. T( MgetLs; (GMT. § 25, 1, Note 6, last part), what do you mean ?The future as if the speaker did not comprehend the whole calamity andexpected some further account.

1311. Ws oK' 5v ov : on the construction GMT. § 113, Note 10 (b).--PvT6 Lte, consider solemnly, take it to heart.

1314 fig. Addressed to the slaves within, who alone can undo the fasten-ings. Cp. Or. 1561 ; H. F. 332 ; Hipp. 808; I. T. 1304 (ros gvhov XAyw).- 8LtkO iv KCKv : the corpses and the murderess. - In ilv 8i T7LfOopaL

there is an abrupt change of construction ; we should expect Thiy U KTE7ia-

oav, v 7T1ouaL brpvw.

1317. While Jason is trying to force the door, Medea suddenly appearsaloft in a chariot drawn by dragons (see Hypothesis), bearing the bodiesof the boys. - AvapoXXEisELs: so Heracles (H. F. 999) oKdTrrELt, ioXXE iELO6perpa, not, however, on the stage. That Jason actually uses a lever ishardly to be thought ; probably the word is applied metaphorically to hisefforts to lift the door off its hinges. But the phrase excited the ridiculeof Aristophanes, Clouds 1397.

1322. Upva Xepds, protection against the hand.1323. p~yL~rov iXeCo-T : strengthened superlative; ep. rXeoTrovY Ji1T771ov,

Alc. 790.1329. povwv : participle of the imperfect ; GMT. § 16, 2.1333. rev o-av...Oeo, an avenging demon which haunted thy family the

gods have hurled upoyn me. This refers back to vuv Opov0, 1329. The senseof the whole is, 'Now I realize what I did not realize before ; an ancestralcurse which rested on thy family has passed over upon me.' The idea ofthe AaXdaorp, so prominent in Greek tragedy, had its roots in the popularbelief. It is a demon of vengeance, which ceaselessly haunts its victims,

122

NOTES. 123

and passes from generation to generation perpetuating crime and misery.So here the dXdorrwp spoken of (the evil genius which actuates Medea) isthe personification of an ancient curse clinging to Medea's family; it hadwreaked itself on that family in the murder of Apsyrtus, and now on Jasonin the murder of his children. (The reading r7v ov aX. is due to Week-lein, who, however, interprets it wrongly 'the demon that avc nged thykindred.' But dXdaTop rvo's is, in good writers, never the demon whichavenges one, but that which haunts one.)

1334. rap&rrTov heightens the guilt. He had fled to the Eoria as asuppliant. Eurip. adopts the account, also followed by Sophocles in theKokXX ~e, that Apsyrtus was murdered at home. The common story isthat he accompanied Medea and Jason in their flight, and was slain onthe way.

1337. Av8p l r Se, (huic homini) me.1340. wv : the plural idea, 'EXX- p'iwv vvaLK(V, is involved in the pre-

ceding.1342. Tvprrv(8os: either Italian (the Etruscans being to Eurip. the

representative people of Italy), or because she lived at the entrance to theTuscan sea. C'p. 1359.

1344. &XX6 introduces 9ppe. See on 1301.

1347. zr&pao. = 7rapea7r; cp. 443.

1348 flg. Observe olTe- ob correlated. - wrpoo-eLtrwiv : see on 1069.

1351. aTELva : the aor. refers to the present moment, the idea being, Ishould undertake to make a long specch (which, however, I do not), whereasddrTELVOY would mean rather, I should now be making a long speecch. GMT.

§ 49, 2, Note 5; H. 746 a, last part. Cp. v. 425.1357. tltrov: drqabpjrov (Seliol.), unavenged, a meaning which the

word has Hipp. 1417, Aesch. Ag. 1279. It takes the emphasis; 'Creonwas not going to banish me without my having my revenge.' drfpLos getsthis meaning naturally ; it is, without satisfaction, deprived of one's clue,since vengeance was a r7tCs or natural right.

1359 fig. 4KrjIEV, has fixed her habitation in, so dwells in. - cs X p,' comsne il faut,' finely.

1362. MEL (566) dXyos, grief profits me; i. e. I can afford to grieve.1364. vow, morbid passion.1366. o-mo : in sense with p3pts as well as yd jot.1367. ye belongs to XXov s: an enclitic (or dv, U4) often separates e from

its word.1371. Eda-(v answers o3dKr' il of the previous verse. 'They live as

ruthless avengers to haunt thee.' p.crop (polluter) is either (1) a guilt-stained wretch whose contact defiles others, or (2) the ghost of a murderedman haunting the murderer, and producing lacl-a, blood-guiltiness.

MEDEA.

Here and Aesch. Eum. 177 it has the latter sense. Hence 0-~ K&py, be-cause their blood is upon Medea's head.

1374. o-r 'yet, abhor me it you will; referring to the word &rb6rrvarovabove. -- d gLV here means conversation, society.

1375. ip LOL 8' &raXaya. Medea wishes him to leave her (this is im-

plied in 1374), that she may accomplish undisturbed the burial of her chil-dren before setting out for Athens. He says, riddance is easy, i. e. to behad on easy terms. She scornfully asks ' how ?' affecting to be anxious tocomply. (Yet we fail to see how Jason's presence is any hindrance toMedea, for she is mistress of the situation, and can proceed in her dragon-car at any moment to bury the bodies. But to take draXXayal, withPaley, to mean divorce does not help the matter.)

1379. The most famous Corinthian temple of Hera Kicpaia (goddess ofthe heights) was at the end of the Heraean promontory in the Corinthiangulf, distant from the city several miles in a straight line across the bay.Elmsley and most others have supposed that temple to be meant here.But the local tradition represented the children as buried in the city itself;at least their monument (iv'ria) stood there, near the street leading towardSicyon. And we know that in the same quarter, on a spur of the Acro-corinthus, there was a temple of Hera povaia. Now as povvaia and adpaiaseem to be equivalent terms, it is altogether probable that this was thetemple in which the rites relating to Medea were celebrated, and in therTE7evos of which the children's graves were. This view is confirmed by theSchol. on this passage, who says that the temple here mentioned wassituated on the Acrocorinthus. See E. Curtius, Peloponnesus, Vol. II.p. 533.

1380. &4 lpi S, K. T. X. The sacredness of the place would insure this.-1382. aop'rjv Kai, T ' 1) : see Introduction, § 18.1386. Medea here appears endowed with the prophetic gift, to which

she has a right as a sorceress and the grand-daughter of a god. As tofJason's death, see the first Hypothesis. The Schol. knows another ac-count, according to which Jason had hung up the ship's gunwale in thetemple of Hera, and this fell down and crushed him. See also Neophron,frag. 3, Appendix.

1389 fig. &XXd o- (not &XXd. e), with emphasis on the pronoun. -

'EpLV.i VFEKVwv : the Erinys of a particular person is often spoken of as

avenging his death. -- ovta, i. e. requiting murder with murder.1396. oiwo Opivets: the sense is, 'You do not yet know what grief is.

Wait till you are old.' (Paley.) He will then feel what it is to be child-less. - Ka y)pas, age in addition to your present afflictions.

1400. rpoarirgao-a. (here = kiss, cp. Phoen. 1671), infin. of purposeadded epexegetically.

124

NOTES. 125

1401. wrpoo-avSis: see on 1069. This verb is regularly used of farewellwords spoken to the dead, - a Greek custom. - 4cr-rdL: of a partingsalutation, as Tro. 1276.

1408. b7do-ov refers to the whole of the next line. 'I do at least whatI can, I lament...'

1413. o-as: the participle contains the leading idea, as often. Wouldthat I had never begotten them, to see them, etc. - 6'+Xov: augmentlessalso Aesch. Pers. 915.

1416 fig. These seem to have been stock verses of Euripides, for theyconclude not only this play, but also the Alcestis, Andromache, Bacchae,and Helena. On this Hermann (Bacch. 1388) says: " Qui factum sit utEuripides quinque fabulas iisdem versibus finierit, non memini me aquoquam interpretum indicatum legisse. Scilicet, ut fit in theatris, quumactorum partes ad finem deductae essent, tantus erat surgentium atqueabeuntium strepitus, ut quae chorus in exitu fabulae recitare solebat, vixexaudiri possent. Eo factum, ut illis chori versibus paruni curae impen-deretur." Others have thought that such endings were added by theactors. Wecklein points out that 1417 fig. do not apply to the Medea.

126 MEDEA.

CHIEF DEVIATIONS

FROM THE BEST MANUSCRIPTS.

THE following list includes only cases in which the reading adopted inthe text is found in no manuscript of the 1st class (see Intr. § 8). Beforethe colon stands the adopted reading, after it the reading of the 1st classMss., minor variants neglected. Where the former is derived from Mss.of the 2d class it is marked 2; where from the scholia, S; otherwise itstands by conjecture only. Smaller corrections are omitted.

107 Adv'e 2 : dvdcite. -140 rbv : . - 149 dXciv : laxt . - 150 drXdrov :d drXcirov. - 159 6vpodva : dsupo.dva. - 182 are6oaaa : aoreina. - 228"Lyvd0KELS : YY7Vr KELV. - 234 Tro0' 9 : Tror' (r70O' T' 2). - 253 v76Xs 8'i 8' 2 : 7r6L ij' and yd&p v6X19 ij'. - 259 rocbvYE 5' fK : roorov 58. - 261iKYV : 8LKy. - 262 i r' : jv r'. - 273 aavti : adr. - 317 PovXe 6s : Pov-

aXc5~a. - 323 pevr~s 2 : 1dAYs. - 415 orpde ovaL : TarpovSL. - 445 dera-

vdra : drECrT and dvEdry. - 491 Uvywyvudr' av 2 : ovyyvwcTTbv. - 4940dhep' : Od6ptl'. -- 550 1iqvXor 2 : ?aoXws. - 594 PaoLXov : paoadXws. - 599avi 'oc 2 : KViCEL. - 643 &d5ara : 8& Za. - 647 oiKTrp3Ta7ro O:KTpord7wv. -

654 EcOov : Ld6iw. - 656 4Sverw : CiKTEcpE. - 703 ovyy7vr' dYTav ap : av-

yvworh yp. - 721 fv : Av '. -736 peOe' : ec0^s (pe0is). - 737 dv6poros :dvPItoroi. - 738 Kd7rLK?7pUKE6t1Aa7a S Kd 7rLK7pl KElaL. - 739 7'X 8av 7 'Oo'E : o6K &, ni0oo. - 752 -lXov O' dyvbv o-das marginal gloss : haurpv O'XAiov tdor. - 781 Xrovo' &v : Xrovcna. - 817 AX es : AXets. - 835 oda :

foas. - 847 4 7rbXs J c oiXwv : 4iXwv i7 bXts. - 852 atpec : alp p. - 8547dVTy o" : 7rdvrTc. - 855 r va ovedovE 7s : TEKVa 7 oYVE6o'7s. - 857 rKvov :rTKVwv. - 860 6uara 2 : 6pIpa. - 864 Xpa owlviav : XEpa goviav. - 867ourdT : o0K t. - 905 rpewtvav : repedyvv. - 926 rcv2e f0tooat ript : rvS'dyco 0h co r 7r:p, rSvSe v v O-7ow 7i~pt. - 945 to Med. S : Mss. to Jas. -978 dvaScozav : dvaCe'o-Awv. - 983 irerXo : nr'rXav. - 984 Xpv'brevr T v TE:

XpvreTEUKTOr . - 992 S6ecpov fStor S : dXd0poY P or&v. - 1005 ga to Paed.:Mss. to Med. - 1012 8) : .- 1015 Kdare : KpacTErS. - 1054 05Laoctv S and2 : 85,acw. - 1077 oi'a rpbs : oi'a re 7rpb. - 1087 7rapov 86 yevos iay :7rapov 86a i (06 rs 2) yivor. - 1089 oic : KOOK. - 1099 copw 2 : 6

pw.-1121irapavAw elpyacqci-r 2 : rapav3ws ' Eoyao' uhov. - 1130 Eoicav 2 : ol:iav.- 1139 ofcwv S : O&rw. - 1181 dK7rVLpOv : eKwXc0poV. - 1182 av jwrro :

CHIEF DEVIATIONS. 127

iv'fr'reTo. -- 1189 XEUK71V: X677 " P. - 1205 irpoocrlTVEt 2 :7rp00 7rTEt. --

1221 &LKp6oWLr S and 2 : &Kpiovio-. -- 1252 95otviav : 9oviav. - 1255 'yap...

Xp.: 'yap aira Xp. -- 1256 aia S :alt/.art. -1259 oovw^r' d XaivovT' 'Eptv6wvV7T dX6.oropov : oviav T~awdz'a T' EpPLvV ivw d Xaorrpwv. - 1262 araj' &pa :d pa dav. -1280 6v : v. -1283 XE'pa :Xc~pa. -1295 Tdo-6'9T T&r - yoo '.

-1333 rn'vv rov o4ov. - 1356 ou'-ov8' :oaOD'-ovO'. -- 1357 etL/c~ov Savarci. -13 71 tJo~ W',ot and oLGuot. -1374 or 6yet : TV yE6. - 1398 gKcwcs :EKTctvaS. -- 1409 a~r~~ Kv.7rL~odcw. - 1413 6ocXov : &95Xov.

METRES OF THE LYRICAL PARTS.

FIVE kinds are used in this play.1. Dactylo-epitritic (or Doric) strophes are composed of the following

elements (series or cola) :

(1) .. - - Dactylic tripody, with spondee in 3d place.

(2) L...._ Second epitrite (trochee and spondee).

Either of these may be catalectic; so arise :

(3) " "

(4) _.-These elements are combined in various ways, mostly two or three unitingto form a verse. Forms (1) and (2) may shorten the last syllable in caesura,even in the middle of a verse. An anacrusis may be prefixed to any verse.Sometimes, especially at the end of the strophe, other dactylic and trochaicseries are employed. The movement is in common (-) time; the trocheebeing I ,\

2. Logaoedic strophes ; see Hadl. 916. They unite dactyls and trocheesin the same series (colon). Pure trochaic (or iambic) series may be usedwith the logaoedic. They move in triple (3) time; the dactyls being cyclic

( ) and the spondees irrational ( 1).

3. Dactylo-trochaic strophes consist of dactyls and trochees (or iambi)in separate series. A dactylic and a trochaic series may, however, unite toform one verse (Hadl. 909 n. o. p.). A spondee standing for the last dactylof a series may shorten its final syllable even in the middle of a verse. Themovement is in triple time, with cyclic dactyls and irrational spondees.

4. Dactylic verse; H. 908. Common (i) time.5. Dochmii; see H. 928. Their rhythm is broken, I alternating with ;

I e e etc.

In the following schemes the foot-ictus is marked with . , the first ictusof each series (colon) with I. The sign _ denotes a triseme long syllable

( ), a tetra seme( d).

METRES OF THE LYRICAL PARTS. 129

PARODOS.

PnOODE (131 - 138).

Dactylic, with anapaestic introduction.

_- " " . These four cola form one long verse orS. j hypermeter.

,u . L . L. Iambic close; sync. tetrap. hypercat.

STROPHE AND ANTISTROPHE (148-1.59 = 173-184),

Logaoedic, with anapacstic introduction.

• • / •

SL

J

J

, .

- v L"Lv v

-v v

- -. .: -V

Brachycat. tetrapodies (Glyconics) with ana-cruses. Only seemingly tripodies.

Brachycat. tripody with anacr.

Troeh.

- On the responsion cp. H,. 921 a.

. Syncopated trochaic tetrap.

On the next to the last syll. see H. 916 c.

130 METRES OF THE LYRICAL PARTS.

EPODE (204-213).

Dactylo-trochaic.

1'. L. . Iamb. sync.

. Troch. dipotetrap. br

SDact. tetrap

.L " _ " . Dact. tetrap.

d. w. anacr. - dact.achycat.

brachycat.

FIRST STASIMON.

1ST STROPIIE AND ANTISTR. (410 -420 = 421- 431).Dactylo-epitritic.

I /. .". - -L L .. ..

S.. .. Tro. ... roch. tripod, as close.

2D STROPHE AND ANTISTR. (432-438 = 439-445).

Logaoedic.S . . . .. . Hexapody, sycop. before the dactyl.

I

- . .. .. Brachycat. tetrap. w. anacrus.

I ' . . 4 4

. .. . " tripod. " "

METRES OF THE LYRICAL PARTS. 131

SECOND STASIMON.

1ST STROPHE AND ANTISTROPHE (627-634 = 635- 642).

Dactylo-epitritic.

L' .

L . . - t I*.. L .. Troch. trip. as close.

2D STROPHE AND ANTISTROPIIE (643-652 = 653-662).

Logaoedic.

_. •.... . Two cola: pentap.I . . . . .j + tetrap. 64.7x

S-- Y- and tral 4E by.. synizesis.

- " . L: r ' . . Pentap. + tetrap.

THIRD STASIMON.

IST STROPHE AND ANTISTROPHE (824-834 = 835-845).

Dactylo-epitritic.

S- " - , .. U L..L . Glyconic sy closez.

- : ".L : ... Glyconio as close.

132 METRES OF THE LYRICAL PARTS.

2D STROPHE AND ANTISTROPHE (846- 855 = 856- 865).

Logaoedic.

V.v . Tripodies and brachycat. tetrapodies, ending with at dipody (Adonic).

-S " .L. .

. t*

FOURTH STASIMON.

1ST STROPHE AND ANTISTROPHE (976 - 982 = 983-989).

Dactylo-epitritic.

L • - " --L v • ' .L

I - Spondee for dact. in 1st place; anunusual license.

I. . . . 1 . t. Trochaic tripody as close.

2D STROPHE AND ANTISTROPHE (990-995 = 996-1001).

Dactylo-trochaic.

. . , Dact. trip. (w. anacr.) +troch. tetrap. brachycat.

S . . Dact. tetrap. double anacr.

+ dact. trip. cat. [cat.- I- amb. hexap. syncop. and

METRES OF THE LYRICAL PARTS. 133

FIFTH STASIMON.

1ST STROPHE AND ANTISTROPHE (1251-1260 = 1261-1270).

Dochmii.

. . . Bacchic tripody catal. Hadl. 929 b.

c-. • . Two dochmii.

Dochmius and iamb. dipody.

STwo dochmii.

- Dochmius.

Iu -- ~vv - u

rV~n, -v~uI

vvv - u c -- vv ;- v

Six dochmii; belong together as onelong verse.

'Epw6'v with syniz.

2D STROPHE AND ANTISTROPiHE (1271-1281 = 1282-1292).

Dochmii, with iambic trimeters.

t .

Two iamb. trim.

Two iamb. trim.r - . . 2 dochm. + bacchic trip-

ody cat.

v .

MEDEA.

APPENDIX.

L.

FRAGMENTS OF NEOPHRON'S MEDEA.

(See Nauck, Trag. Graec. Fragm., p. 565 fig. )

1.

Kai a V'P av fiX vOov X vOLV /.aOELV

aov flvIJlav yaip 'uo-av, rl F~g- pot

dI'o43ov 7rpVLavrtLs, uv1AL/3

aX Eiv aI.zxavw3

0lt8 ELE Xoyovs LoXcOuv 7' 1w 4X7rLt0Zi /.aOELP.

ELEVi Ti 83paOELE, OVLE ; f3ovXEvo-at KaXC.)E

irptz' 71 Ea/aprEiV Kai Ta 7rpoo0tXErrara

EXOcto-a OET8aL. 7roi 7rTT T~~~ TaXas;Karfax Cl-XE ua Ka CTOEVOS OcooTVyFS.

Kat 7rpov TL T(IOTa 3Vpojat +4v~y E/~v

opwo& Ep?),lOV Kat 7rapy.LEX)/LVrv q7T xPPW E qlKaa; /IaXOaKOL 8E

TotavTa yL yv01.c TOa 7racTXovTEC KaKa ;

01) p'? lrpoa(i)OEct OvIIE, o-avrOw EV KclKOLS4.

oLt.oO, e3

8OKTar 7r(LLOEE, EKTUO /i/aTCWV

a7TEXOET - '3q yap /AL jowla pcyav

f3 EI.vKE Xv-ooa OvpaUV. W xc4ps xEPESIirpos O~L' Epyov E4OwXLAt ,LEcOa pV

rdawata TOX/L7s, q 7roXvv e7-dvov I 3 paXEL

8&ac/Epovh-a Tov F/iov Ep~o/.Lat Xpovw

3.

j5OEpEZ TEXoE yap1 (ZvTo atcr<t0c7w opw

$poXC.w ofv yXov ',iawa EUrp7rc.

134

APPENDIX.

rotl Coe popa acyo KaKoVr EpyWv EVEL,

818a4Lts lXXot pvploL Efgb ,po r

C5Ov vlTrEpOE I~L]ro7T a'lpEoOaL 3

poTroVs.

II.

FRAGMENTS OF ENNIUS' MEDEA.

(Ribbeck, Trag. Lat. Reliq., p. 36 fig.)

1. (Eurip. v. 1.)

Utintm ne in nemore P6lio secGribuscaest cecidisset abiegna ad terrdm trabes,neve fnde navis fincohandae ex6rdiumcoepfsset, quae nunc n6minatur n6mineArg6, qua vecti Argfvi delectf viri

pet6bant illam pllem inauratam arietisColchfs, imperio r6gis Peliae, per dolum.

Nam nfimquam era errans m6a domo ecferr6t pedem

Med6a, animo aegra, am6re saevo saicia.

2. (v. 49.)

Antfqua erilis ffda custos c6rporis,quid sfc te extra aedis 6xanimata elfminas?

3. (v. 57.)

Cupfdo cepit mfseram nunc me, pr6loqui

caelo atque terrae Medeai mfserias.

4. (v. 181.)

. ... fluctus v rborum aures aucupant.

5. (v 214.)

Quad Corinthum arcem £1tam habetis, m&tronae opulentae,6ptumates -

MGlti suam rem b6ne gessere et ptblicam patria procul,multi qui dopgi adtatem agerent, pr6pterea sunt fmprobati.

135

MEDEA.

6. (v. 250.)

.... nam ter sub armis malim vitam cernere,quam semel modo .prere.

7. (v. 352.)

Si t6 secundo limine hic off6ndero,moriere.

8. (v. 35.)

Nequaquam istuc fstac ibit: magna inest certitio.

nam ut ego illis sipplicarem tanta blandiloquentia - ?

9. (v. 371.)

Ille transversa m6nte mi hodie tradidit repagula,qufbus ego iram omnem recludam atque flli perniciem dabo,mfhi maerores, fili luctum, exftiumn illi, exilidm mihi.

10. (v. 502.)

Quo nnc me vortam ? qu6d iter incipiam fngredi ?domim paternamne anne ad Peliae filias ?

11, (v. 530.)

Ti me amoris magis quam honoris servavisti gr tia.

12. (v. 764.)

Sol, quf candentem in caelo sublimes facem.

13. (v. 1069.)

............ sAlvete optima crpora,c4tte manus vestras measque accipite .. .

14. (v. 1251.)

Jppiter tuque adeo summe S61, qui omnis res fuspicis,qufque lumind tuo maria terram caelum c6ntines,fnspice hoc facinis priusquam ffat: prohibessfs scelus.

15. (See Introd. § 13.)

Qui fpse sibi sapiens prodesse n6n quit, nequiqutm sapit.

16.

[Mdea, utinam ne imquam Colchis 'cpido corde pedem xtulisses.]

136

APPENDIX. 137

In all probability the two following fragments belong here too:-

Inc. inc. fab. 94 (Eur. v. 476.)

N6n commemoro qu6d draconis sa6vi sopivi impetum,n6n quod domui vim taurorum et sigetis armata6 manus.

Enn. inc. nom. 25 (Eur. v. 714.)

Ut tibi Titanis Trivia diderit stirpem liberum.

N 'N

tt

a~ t s a, 'i r

P -r

C' '0 tV' ''t

aiw%1-1 xi ~t:t

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