The Industrial Revolution

What Makes the Industrial Revolution Different?

Other civilizations massively embraced technological solutions to social and economic problems in the past?

Roman engineering—bridges, sewers China – iron industry of Song Dynasty—

silk manufacture, porcelain, textiles, paper

Technology and business/capitalism

New Technology - Bottlenecks

John Kay—Flying Shuttle(1733)

James Hargreaves—Spinning Jenny (1764)

Samuel Cromptom— “The Mule” (1779) Edmund Cartwright—Power Loom (1775) [James Watt and John Wilkinson – Steam

Engine (1775)] Eli Whitney – Cotton Gin (1793)

New Technology

New Bottleneck is Factory problems

Factory location because of Factory size.

Fuel problemsEngland was running out of woodCoal accumulated water in the

mines so that pumps had to be used

Engines

Thomas Savery—1698 Thomas Newcomen—1705 John Wilkinson -- boring mill in 1774 James Watt -- steam engine in 1775 George Stephenson came up with the “The

Iron Horse” in 1829

The Industrial Revolution

Has its main effects from 1780-1850:Time of transformation of workFrom hand to machineFrom rural areas to citiesCreated social classes

Workers, the Proletariat The Middle Class, Factory Owners,

the Bourgeoisie Changed family life

Changes which occurred because of the Industrial Revolution

Migration to industrialized nations

Changed way of buying and selling

Creation of new leisure activities

Transferred balance of power toward industrialized countries

Why ENGLAND?

Science most advanced

Protestantism

Agricultural Revolution most advanced in England

England and the Consequences of the Industrial Revolution

Technology used to transform means of war

1851—England produced 2/3 of the world’s coal.

England produced ½ the world’s iron and cotton.

Problems in factories

Standard of living?

The Zollverein