industrial revolution

The Industrial Revolution Section 1

The Industrial Revolution Section 1Less mortality

Population growth

Agricultural revolution

Enclosures

Fertilizers

Confiscation

Farming machinery

Comunications

Roads

Canals and navegable rivers

Improvement in the trade with the colonies

Athlantic triangle

Industrial hand labour

(workers)

More capital: growth of banks

More agricultural productivity Extensive

crops: cotton

Industrial Revolution

Railways

machinery

Steam Machine Raw materials:

coal


Reading Focus

• Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain? How?

• How did industrialization cause a revolution in the production of textiles?

• How did steam power the Industrial Revolution?

• Where did industrialization spread beyond Great Britain?

Main Idea

In the 1700 conditions in Great Britain led to the rapid growth of the textile industry, which in turn led to huge changes in many other industries.

A New Kind of Revolution


Britain’s Big Advantage

The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain.

• It had essential elements for economic success

• Factors of production

– Land

– Labour

– Capital



Factors for Success

• Exploration and colonialism: raw materials

• Seapower• Political stability• Government support• Growth of private

investment

• Research and development on farms

• Jethro Tull, seed drill• Improved livestock

breeding• Better varieties of food

crops– Increased production– Population grew

• Enclosure movement: specialization and productivity

• Less workers needed in rural areas.


Seed drill

gg

Combine harvester,

is a machine that harvests grain crops

More production led to more capital , more

banks and more investment

Enclosure act


Consequences:

• Capital is invested in new industries, specially textile industries

PEOPLE from

rural areas

emigrated to towns.

Towns grew incredibly

More need of

transport : Steam machine

Used in trains ,

ships and machines

Need of

raw materials

and fossil fuels:

COAL mines


• Steam engines needed large amounts of fuel

• Wood scarce

• Coal mining industry

• Changing landscapes

• Dangers of mining

Coal for Steam Engines

• First successful steam engine in 1712

• Innovations by James Watt 1736 – 1819

• Steam power versus water power

• Steam locomotives

• Steamships

Development of Steam Engine

Steam Powers the Revolution


Steam TractorSteam Tractor


Steam ShipSteam Ship


An Early Steam LocomotiveAn Early Steam Locomotive


The Impact of the Railroad

The Impact of the Railroad


Railroads on the Continen

t

Railroads on the Continen

t


Raw materials and fossil fuels needed:

COAL IRON


Young Coal MinersYoung Coal Miners


Child Labor in the Mines

Child Labor in the Mines

Child Child “hurriers”“hurriers”


Factory Wages in Lancashire, 1830Factory Wages in Lancashire, 1830

Age of Worker Male Wages Female Wages

under 11 2s 3d. 2s. 4d.

11 - 16 4s. 1d. 4s. 3d.

17 - 21 10s. 2d. 7s. 3d.

22 - 26 17s. 2d. 8s. 5d.

27 - 31 20s. 4d. 8s. 7d.

32 - 36 22s. 8d. 8s. 9d.

37 - 41 21s. 7d. 9s. 8d.

42 - 46 20s. 3d. 9s. 3d.

47 - 51 16s. 7d. 8s. 10d.

52 - 56 16s. 4d. 8s. 4d.

57 - 61 13s. 6d. 6s. 4d.


Richard Arkwright: Pioneer of the Factory System”

Richard Arkwright: Pioneer of the Factory System”

The “Water Frame”The “Water Frame”


Factory ProductionFactory Production) Concentrates production in oneConcentrates production in one

place [raw materials, labor and place [raw materials, labor and machinery].machinery].

) Located near sources of power Located near sources of power

) Requires a lot of capital Requires a lot of capital investmentinvestment[factory, machines, etc.][factory, machines, etc.]


Mine, Coalfields & Industrial

Areas

Mine, Coalfields & Industrial

AreasCoal is more Coal is more

powerful than powerful than waterwater..

Iron is more Iron is more powerful than powerful than wood.wood.


The Factory SystemThe Factory System

Rigid schedule.Rigid schedule.

12-14 hour day.12-14 hour day.

Dangerous conditions.Dangerous conditions.


Textile FactoryWorkers in England

Textile FactoryWorkers in England


Young “Bobbin-Doffers”

Young “Bobbin-Doffers”


The Power LoomThe Power Loom


Industrial StaffordshireIndustrial Staffordshire


The New Industrial CityThe New Industrial City


Early 19 century

London

Early 19 century

London


The Life of the New Urban Poor:

A Dickensian Nightmare!

The Life of the New Urban Poor:

A Dickensian Nightmare!

The Industrial Revolution Section 1“Upstairs”/“Downstairs” Life“Upstairs”/“Downstairs” Life


19c Bourgeoisie: The Industrial Nouveau

Riche

19c Bourgeoisie: The Industrial Nouveau

Riche


Crystal Palace Exhibition: 1851Crystal Palace Exhibition: 1851

ExhibitioExhibitions of the ns of the

new new industriaindustrial utopia.l utopia.

The Industrial Revolution Section 1Less mortality

Population growth


Enclosures

Fertilizers

Confiscation

Farming machinery

Comunications

Roads

Canals and navegable rivers

Improvement in the trade with the colonies

Athlantic triangle

Industrial hand labour

(workers)

More capital: growth of banks

More agricultural productivity Extensive

crops: cotton

Industrial Revolution

Railways

machinery

Steam Machine Raw materials:

coal

The Industrial Revolution Section 1Consequences of the Industrial Revolution

The new Industrial

city

Urban transformations

Pollution

Living conditions

Protest movements

The workers' movement

Marxism

Anarquism

Theory of capitalism:

protagonistsDavid Ricardo

Adam Smith

Thomas Malthus

Industrial Revolution in

the World

The Industrial Revolution Section 1Compare

Before The Industrial Revolution

After The Industrial Revolution

Power energy

Social classes

Cities

Systems of production

Economy (trade, capital, businesses, etc.)

Transportation

Population

industrial revolution

Education

revolution steam engines

industrial staffordshire

steam machineused

steam powers

steam tractor

steam ship

new industrial utopia

new kind of revolution