the global petrochemical industrysbr (styrene butadiene rubber) – used in passenger global sbr...

The Global Petrochemical Industry:

Understanding the Complex Interactions Between Technology, Economics and Markets

Online Training

Manuel Asali

Vice President

[email protected]

Copyright © by Nexant Inc. 2019

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The C4 family

Section 4

September 2016

Butadiene and rubbers

Section 4 Module 2

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Global butadiene consumption, 2018

Source: Nexant

Consumption = 12.2 Million Tons

Butadiene Rubber

31%

SB Rubber

28%

ABS 12%

SB Latex 9%

HMDA 4%

Others 16%

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Leading global butadiene producers, 2018

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800S

inop

ec

Pet

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TP

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SF

SA

BIC

Bra

skem

For

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aP

etro

chem

ical

Tot

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etro

chem

ical

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INE

OS

Tho

usan

d to

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er y

ear

Top 10 Represents 45 percent of Global Capacity

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Rubber trees

Sir Henry Nicholas Ridley

(1855 – 1956)

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Joseph Priestley is credited with the name “rubber” (June, 1770)

Joseph Priestley

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Charles Goodyear figures out how to

“vulcanize” rubber

Charles Goodyear (1800-1860)

Vulcanized Rubber

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How vulcanization works

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Polybutadiene – more “bouncy” than natural rubber

CH2

C=C

nH

CH2

H

Q105_00101.0000.4005_exhibit12-16.cdx

CH2=CH-CH=CH2

“ Made of amazing Zectron -

50 000 lbs of compressed energy!”

3 241 834

HIGHLY RESILIENT POLYBUTADIENE BALL

Norman H. Stingley, Garden Grove, Calif.,

assignor to Wham-O Manufacturing Company, San Gabriel,

Calif., a corporation of California

Filed Aug. 25, 1965, Ser. No. 482,584

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PBR (polybutadiene rubber) – used in combination with

other rubbers, mostly in sidewall construction

Global PBR Demand by End-Use, 2018

Tire 67%

HIPS 25%

Others 8%

Global PBR Capacity Share, 2018

Sinopec 9%

PetroChina 8%

Kumho Petrochemical

8%

Lanxess 7%

Saudi Aramco 7%

Goodyear 6%

Nizhnekamsk-neftekhim

5%

LG Daesan 4%

Versalis 4%

Firestone 3%

Other 40%

PBR is the second largest volume synthetic rubber


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SBR (styrene butadiene rubber) – adding styrene

changes the properties of the rubber

SBR typically contains 74% butadiene and 26% styrene by weight

(about a 6/1 mole ratio)

SBR is the largest volume synthetic rubber

+ CH2

C H C H CH2

CH2

C H C H CH2)

x( CH

2( C H )

y

12/03 V:4103:PERP SBR Sec_3

CH = CH2

Styrene 1, 3 - Butadiene

+ CH2

C H C H CH2

CH2

C H C H CH2)

x( CH

2( C H )

y

12/03 V:4103:PERP SBR Sec_3

CH = CH2

Styrene 1, 3 - Butadiene

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SBR (styrene butadiene rubber) – used in passenger

car tire tread

Global SBR Demand by End-Use, 2018

Tire 70%

Rubber Goods 25%

Footwear 5%

Global SBR Capacity Share, 2018

Kumho Petrochemical

9%

PetroChina 8%

Sinopec 6%

JSR 5%

Synthos 5%

Trinseo 4%

SIBUR 4%

Goodyear Tire and Rubber

Co. 4%

Styron Corp 4%

Versalis 3%

Other 49%

SBR consumption is dominated by tyre production


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Tire construction

Reinforcing Materials:

Steelbelt Fabric

Textile Carcass Fabric

Bead Cable

Rubber Compounds:

Tread

Steel Belt Fabric Topping

Textile Carcass Fabric Topping

Sidewall

Apex

Bead Cable Topping

Chafer

Liner

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Major elastomers

Elastomer Monomers and/or Structure Polymerised By Comments

Natural Rubber Cis-1,4-polyisoprene

Enzymes Obtained from Hevea

Brasiliensis

Styrene-Butadiene Approx. 1 mole styrene to

Emulsion polymerization,

free radical initiator often

at low temperature

(cold rubber)

About 20% butadiene

units are in 1,2-

configuration, about 60%

are trans-1,4 and 20%

cis-1,4

Cis-1, 4-Poly-

butadiene Rubber

Metal complex High resiliency

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Major elastomers (cont.)


Butyl Rubber Isobutene +1-3% Isoprene

Cationic initiator High gas impermeability

Synthetic cis-1,4-

Polyisoprene

Isoprene

Metal complex Properties are similar to

those of natural rubber

Polychloroprene

Rubber

Chloroprene

Free radical initiator

Excellent ozone

resistance

Nitrile Rubber Butadiene + 20-40%

Acrylonitrile

Free radical initiator Similar to SBR but more

oil resistant

H2C CH2

C CH2

Cln

cis-1,4-polychloroprene

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Major elastomers (cont.)


Ethylene-Propylene

Rubber (EP and

EPDM)

C2H4, C3H6 in EPDM

ethylidene norbornene or

other diene monomer

Metal complex EP vulcanised with

peroxide; EPDM with

normal vulcanising

agents

Thermoplastic Rubber Block polymer of

butadiene and styrene

(and many others)

Ionic “living”

polymerization

High strength, excluding

solvent resistance,

processability

Thiokol nNa2S4 + nCICH2CH2Cl

Step growth

polymerization

Used in sealants

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Styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) block copolymers

S S B

B

B

S

S S

S

S

S

B

B

B

B

S

S = Polystyrene Block

B = Polybutadiene Block

B

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TPEs are much easier to use than thermoset rubbers

Source: Polyone

Purchase: Gum rubber Filler Extenders Chemicals

Purchase: Thermoplastic Rubber

Finished Product

Finished Product

Conventional Rubber Products

Scrap Scrap Scrap

Mixing Shaping Vulcanization

Shaping

Thermoplastic Rubber Products

Recycle

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Santoprene (ExxonMobil)

http://www.santoprene.com/site/Resource_Library/Photo/1027/AES106HF.jpg

http://www.santoprene.com/site/Resource_Library/Photo/1135/LibbeyF.jpg

http://www.santoprene.com/site/Resource_Library/Photo/1161/AES001HF.jpg

http://www.santoprene.com/site/Resource_Library/Photo/18578/Sdstack.jpg

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Thank you!

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