the building science fight club roars – ashrae 62.2 vs. building
TRANSCRIPT
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The Building Science Fight Club Roars
ASHRAE 62.2 vs. Building Science Corpora?on’s New Ven?la?on Standard
24 February 2014 RESNET Conference
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High Performance Homes – Knowledge + Service
Training
HVAC Design HERS Provider
The Energy Vanguard Blog
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Posi:ve Energy
• Building Science Consul:ng & Training • High Performance HVAC Design • Energy Modeling & Monitoring • Building Performance Tes:ng • Program Compliance & Cx • Net Zero Design • IAQ Tes:ng
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The Bones
• Why we need ven:la:on • Ven:la:on methods • Ven:la:on rates – 62.2 – BSC-‐01
• Dr. Joe’s beef with 62.2 • Where will this lead? • Q&A
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Why We Need Ven:la:on
Air:ght enclosures
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Infiltra:on Doesn’t Cut It ATTIC
Insulation fibers, dust, rodent scat
CRAWLSPACE
Mold, dust, lead, radon, moisture, termiticide
OUTSIDE
Pollen, auto fumes, dust
GARAGE
Carbon monoxide, pesticides, gasoline, fertilizers
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Bad Stuff in the Air
Water vapor CO2
VOCs Formaldehyde NOx
Radon …and more!
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Pathways
People
Pollutants
Connec:ons
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2 Ways to Achieve Good IAQ
Source control Mechanical Ven:la:on
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“Build Tight. Ven:late Right.”
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3 Types of People
1. Those who can do math
2. and those who can’t.
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3 Types of Ven:la:on
1. Whole house 2. Local 3. Buffer space
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Whole House Ven:la:on
Posi:ve Pressure
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Whole House Ven:la:on
Posi:ve Pressure
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Whole House Ven:la:on
Central Fan Integrated Supply (CFIS)
Image courtesy of Building Science Corpora?on
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Whole House Ven:la:on
Neutral Pressure
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Whole House Ven:la:on
Neutral Pressure
• HRV • ERV • Balanced
without recovery
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Whole House Ven:la:on
Nega:ve Pressure
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Whole House Ven:la:on
Exhaust-‐only
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Local Ven:la:on
• Bathrooms • Kitchens
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Buffer Space Ven:la:on
• Radon • Crawl space • Garage • Acc
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How Much to Ven:late?
• ASHRAE 62-‐1989? • ASHRAE 62.2-‐2010? • ASHRAE 62.2-‐2013? • BSC-‐01? • Something else?
Whole-‐House Ven?la?on
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62.2 Ven:la:on Rates
62.2-‐2010 Qv = 0.01 Afloor + 7.5 (Nbr + 1) 62.2-‐2013 Qv = 0.03 Afloor + 7.5 (Nbr + 1)
Afloor = cond. floor area, Nbr = # of bedrooms
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“ASHRAE 62 is the only na?onal consensus standard document there is. Follow 62.2. Resistance is fu?le.”
~ Dr. Max Sherman
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“Game on.”
~ Dr. Joseph Ls?burek
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BSC-‐01 Ven:la:on Rates
BSC-‐01 Qv = 0.01 Afloor + 7.5 (Nbr + 1)
Afloor = cond. floor area, Nbr = # of bedrooms But wait…there’s more!
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BSC-‐01 Ven:la:on Rates
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Real Numbers
• 2000 sf, 3 bedroom house • 3 BR è 4 people
Method Rate (cfm) 62.2-‐2010 50 62.2-‐2013 90 BSC-‐01 50, 63, or 75 (w/o mixing)
38, 47, or 56 (w/ mixing)
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Why Dr. Joe Went Rogue
• Comfort • Humidity • Energy consump:on • System effec:veness • Lack of data on health impacts
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Ven:la:on Effec:veness Study • Rudd & Bergey, Building America study, BA-‐1309, March 2013
• 2 iden:cal houses in Tyler, Texas • Slab, aoached garage • 1 with sealed acc, 1 vented acc • Tracer gas, par:culates, VOCs
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Ven:la:on Effec:veness Study
• CFIS had 47% lower VOC level than EO • ERV had 57% lower VOC level than EO • EO had 37% higher VOC level than baseline for vented acc home
• EO had 18% higher VOC level than baseline for sealed acc home
• EO drew 34% of ven:la:on air from vented acc
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Ven:la:on Effec:veness
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Where Do These Rates Come From?
• Odor control – 15 cfm/person, C.P. Yaglou research, 1936
• 0.35 ACH for residen:al since 62-‐89 – ‘expert judgment,’ not health data
• Long history, mostly commercial and ins:tu:onal
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What Level of Pollutants Is Safe?
• Who’s living in the house? • Which pollutant? • Where in the house? • We don’t really know
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Related Ques:ons
• What sources of indoor pollutants does the house have? – Aoached garage? – Moldy crawl space? – Household chemicals?
• How bad is the outdoor air? – Including underground
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“If there is a pile of manure in a space, do not try to remove the odor by ven?la?on. Remove the
pile of manure.”
~ Max von PeVenkofer, 1858
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Source Control
• Best to prevent pollutants from gecng into air
• Ven:la:on doesn’t always work
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Formaldehyde and Ven:la:on Rates
Offerman study, 2009 -‐ Ven?la?on and Indoor Air Quality in New Homes
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A Lesson in Source Strengths
• Formaldehyde emission from materials increases when you ven:late more.
• Materials that emit formaldehyde at lower levels result in less formaldehyde in home’s air.
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What Should Happen Next?
• 62.2 commioee needs to address the issues Joe raised – System effec:veness – Humidity – Source control – Science behind ven:la:on rates
• Make the standard simpler! • Add design flexibility
Thanks to Eric Werling for making these great sugges?ons first!
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“On a long enough ?meline, the survival rate for everyone drops to zero.”
~ Fight Club narrator
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Other Ven:la:on Talks Ven?la?on: Effec?ve Strategies & Lessons Learned
Tue, 10:30. Doug McCleery, MaGrann Associates IAQ, Ven?la?on, and Air?ghtness in High Performance New and Exis?ng Homes
Tue, 3:30. Brennan Less & Iain Walker, Lawrence Berkeley Na:onal Laboratory
The “V” in HVAC: Mechanical Ven?la?on in ENERGY STAR Cer?fied Homes
Wed, 8:30. Dean Gamble, U.S. EPA; Ashley Fowler, ICF Interna:onal
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Contact Info
Allison Bailes Energy Vanguard Decatur, GA [email protected] energyvanguard.com
Kristof Irwin Posi:ve Energy Aus:n, TX kristof@posi:veenergy.pro posi:veenergy.pro