The Age of Jackson• By 1824 the Era of Good Feelings was

coming to an end.

• During this time the Democratic Party begins to take shape.

• This is the same Democratic Party of today

The Election of 1824• Four men battle for the Presidency

• Speaker of the House – Henry Clay

• Secretary of Treasury – William H. Crawford

• Secretary of State – John Quincy Adams

• Congressman Andrew Jackson - Tennessee

The Campaign• Each man chose to represent a different part of

the nation as a Republican• Andrew Jackson = the west (Tenn.)• John Quincy Adams = the Northeast (Mass.)• William H. Crawford = the South (Georgia)• Henry Clay = National Leader (Kentucky)

Election of 1824Candidate

Party ElectoralVote

PopularVote

Presidential

John Quincy Adams (MA)

Democratic-Republican

84 115,696

Henry Clay (KY) “ 37 47,136

Andrew Jackson (TN) “ 99 152,933

William H. Crawford (GA)

“ 41 46,979

131 Electoral Votes are needed to be President

Who is President?• Nobody had the required 131 votes (majority

) to win the election• According to the 12th Amendment the House

of Representatives will vote for the President• They will vote on the top three candidates

(Henry Clay is out)

“Corrupt Bargain”• Clay (who hated Jackson) decided to throw his

support to Quincy Adams.• Clay persuaded many to change their vote and

support Quincy Adams for President• The House ends up electing Quincy Adams

President on the first ballot• Quincy Adams then appoints Clay as Secretary of

State• Jackson and his supporters cry “corrupt bargain”

Jackson vs. Quincy AdamsElection of 1828

• In the Election of 1828 Jackson calls himself a Democratic-Republican

• Quincy Adams calls himself a National-Republican

• By 1830 Jackson referred to himself as a Democrat

The campaign was the first true mud-slinging contest. Adams was accused of misusing public funds—he had supposedly purchased gambling devices for the presidential residence; actually he had simply bought a chessboard and a pool table. The charges against Jackson were much more malicious. He was accused of murder for executing militia deserters and dueling. In addition, he and his wife were accused of adultery. Rachel was a divorcee'; she and Jackson believed her divorce was finalized before their marriage. The papers were incomplete, however, and she was publicly branded an adulteress by Jackson’s political opponents. Mrs. Jackson was humiliated, became ill and died before the inauguration. Jackson believed these attacks caused his wife’s death and said, “May God Almighty forgive her murderers as I know she forgave them. I never can.”

The Election of 1828• By 1828 most white male citizens have

won the right to vote

• Many of these people considered Jackson to be their leader

• They were proud of his log cabin legends

Election of 1828Candidates

Party Electoral

Vote

PopularVote

Andrew Jackson (TN)John C. Calhoun (SC)

DemocratRepublican

178 647,286

J.Q. Adams (MA)Richard Rush (PA)

NationalRepublican

83 508,064

Sweeping Victory• Jackson won all states west of the

Appalachian Mountains and south of the Potomac River + PA and NY

• John C. Calhoun was elected as Vice-President

                                        

                                                            

                                                            

Jackson’s Inauguration

The Spoils System• “To the Victor Belongs the

Spoils”• Jackson removed those who

did not support him and replaced them with his loyal friends

• Jackson replaces 20% of his enemies

• This now becomes Precedent

The Kitchen Cabinet• Jackson hoped to bring the government and the

common man closer together• He did this by surrounding himself with a group of

unofficial advisors• These people were newspaper editors, who helped

Jackson mold public opinion and gain good publicity

• They also helped him win the nation’s support

Jackson’s Indian Policy• Jackson believed that Indians were primitive

people who blocked the westward movement of civilization

• Jackson feels the Indians would be able to keep their own way of life on the other side of the Mississippi River

Pushed West• With Jackson’s encouragement Congress

passes the Indian Resettlement Act of 1830• This Act pushed all Indian tribes west of

the Mississippi River to Arkansas• Many Indian tribes did not agree with the

new law

The Black Hawk War• The Sauk & Fox tribes of Wisconsin

and Illinois decide not to leave their sacred land

• Black Hawk led a brave attack against the white man but was overwhelmed

• Black Hawk was captured and held prisoner

The Five Civilized Tribes• These five tribes began to adopt the white mans way

of life• 1. Creeks• 2. Choctaws• 3. Chickasaws• 4. Cherokees• 5. Seminoles

Civilized or Primitive?• The Cherokee Indians developed the following:

• 1. A written language

• 2. Published newspaper

• 3. Schools for children

• 4. Written Constitution

• 5. Judicial System with Law Enforcement

Fate of the Cherokees• Gold is discovered on Cherokee lands in Georgia• The Georgia legislature passes a law stating that the

Cherokee land treaty was null & void• Georgia says the Cherokees must leave• Chief Justice John Marshall declares the law

unconstitutional and says the Cherokees can stay• Jackson says “John Marshall has made his decision; now

let him enforce it”

Forced to Leave• The Cherokees are eventually forced to leave

their sacred land

• The Cherokees are driven from their lands in the bitter cold of winter with little food or clothing

• This becomes known as the “Trail of Tears”

• Thousands of Cherokees died on this historic journey