or was it? the “ era of good feelings ” (1815-1824) (1815-1824)

33
OR WAS IT? OR WAS IT? The The Era of Good Era of Good Feelings Feelings (1815-1824) (1815-1824)

Upload: austen-clarke

Post on 29-Dec-2015

232 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: OR WAS IT? The “ Era of Good Feelings ” (1815-1824) (1815-1824)

OR WAS IT?OR WAS IT?OR WAS IT?OR WAS IT?

TheThe

““Era of Good Era of Good FeelingsFeelings””

(1815-1824)(1815-1824)

TheThe

““Era of Good Era of Good FeelingsFeelings””

(1815-1824)(1815-1824)

Page 2: OR WAS IT? The “ Era of Good Feelings ” (1815-1824) (1815-1824)

American System

• British manufacturing competitors in 1815 looked to make up for lost time and money after the war.– Dumped contents of their overstocked warehouses on

the United States market.– Often offered goods at below cost in hope of

strangling the burgeoning American industries– American manufacturing screamed for protection.– In 1816, a nationalist Congress passed the Tariff of

1816, primarily for protection of American industry. Rates were 20-25% of the value of dutiable imports

– Starts trend of protection, another sign of the growth of nationalism

Page 3: OR WAS IT? The “ Era of Good Feelings ” (1815-1824) (1815-1824)

The American SystemThe American System

Tariff of 1816

- provide funds and protection

Second Bank of the U. S.

- Easy and abundant credit

Internal improvements at federal expense. - National Road (needed for transportation of goods and materials from North and East to South and West (Vice versa). Link nation together economically

Henry Clay,Henry Clay,“The Great“The Great

Compromiser”Compromiser”

Page 4: OR WAS IT? The “ Era of Good Feelings ” (1815-1824) (1815-1824)

The American SystemThe American System

• However, Madison vetoed the Federal road spending bill and for internal improvement in the states– Stated unconstitutional– States forced to provide own revenue

• As a result, New York completes the Erie canal by 1825

• New England did not want federally funded roads because of fear of the population and power drain to the South and West

Page 5: OR WAS IT? The “ Era of Good Feelings ” (1815-1824) (1815-1824)

The American SystemThe American System

Page 6: OR WAS IT? The “ Era of Good Feelings ” (1815-1824) (1815-1824)

The American SystemThe American System

WESTWEST got roads, canals, and got roads, canals, and federal aide. federal aide.

EASTEAST got the backing of got the backing of protective tariffs from the protective tariffs from the West. West.

SOUTHSOUTH ?? Will this be an issue? ?? Will this be an issue?

Page 7: OR WAS IT? The “ Era of Good Feelings ” (1815-1824) (1815-1824)

The Election of 1816The Election of 1816

Last time that the Federalists will have a presidential candidate. Also, the Virginia Dynasty continues with Monroe being elected. (Washington, Jefferson,Madison, and now Monroe. As Federalists slowly die, we have a system of One-party rule.

Page 8: OR WAS IT? The “ Era of Good Feelings ” (1815-1824) (1815-1824)

James Monroe [1816-1824]James Monroe [1816-1824]

#5#5

Page 9: OR WAS IT? The “ Era of Good Feelings ” (1815-1824) (1815-1824)

James Monroe

• As book states, the man and the times met perfectly.

• Straddled two generations, the by-gone period of the Founding Fathers and also the merging age of Nationalism

• Not brilliant or ever great, but an intellect who understood that the nation did not need an overbearing president, just simple and sober administration

• He was an experienced, levelheaded executive who could interpret popular rumblings and discontent and respond.

Page 10: OR WAS IT? The “ Era of Good Feelings ” (1815-1824) (1815-1824)

James Monroe

• Boston newspaper, after his 1817 goodwill tour, pronounced his presidency will usher in an “Era of Good Feelings.”

• However, this is often called a misnomer, because despite a period of tranquility and prosperity early in his presidency, the era under Monroe’s administration was a troubled one. – Issues of tariffs, the bank, and internal improvements

caused bitter arguments– Sectionalism was rearing its ugly head as well as the

issue of slavery

Page 11: OR WAS IT? The “ Era of Good Feelings ” (1815-1824) (1815-1824)

The Panic of 1819The Panic of 1819

CAUSES???CAUSES???

Page 12: OR WAS IT? The “ Era of Good Feelings ” (1815-1824) (1815-1824)

Causes of 1819

• Depression, bank failures, deflation, bankruptcies, unemployment, soup kitchens, and debtors’ prisons all were the result of the panic of 1819.

• Causes– Overspeculation in frontier lands, with the Bank of the

United States involved– West was severely hit as many farms were foreclosed– Western debtors started to despise and hate the Bank

of the United States because of this. – Poorer classes also hit very hard by the panic, which

helped sow the seeds for Jacksonian Democracy

Page 13: OR WAS IT? The “ Era of Good Feelings ” (1815-1824) (1815-1824)

Western Expansion

• 9 states joined the union from 1791-1819.– To preserve the North-South balance, admitted

alternately as free or slave state. • Why such an explosion West?

– Continuation of the generations old-westward movement

– Cheap land appealed to European immigrants– Small down payments needed– Crushing of Native Americans made land available– Building of roads improved transportation

(Cumberland Road)– Use of Steamboats made it easier to navigate rivers

Page 14: OR WAS IT? The “ Era of Good Feelings ” (1815-1824) (1815-1824)

Western Expansion

• However, West was still weak internally and politically, just not enough people.

• However, still had demands, especially cheap acreage.– Land Act of 1820

• 80 acres at 1.25 an acre cash

– Also wanted cheap transportation– Also wanted cheap money

Page 15: OR WAS IT? The “ Era of Good Feelings ” (1815-1824) (1815-1824)

The Tallmadge AmendmentThe Tallmadge Amendment Missouri wanted statehood, as a slave state

All slaves born in Missouri after the territory became a state would be freed at the age of 25. Also no more slaves could be brought to Missouri.

Passed by the House, not in the Senate.

The North controlled the House, and the South had enough power to block it in the Senate.

Page 16: OR WAS IT? The “ Era of Good Feelings ” (1815-1824) (1815-1824)

The Tallmadge AmendmentThe Tallmadge Amendment

• Slaveholding southerners were outraged at the Tallmadge amendment.

• Also, North over time was getting wealthier and more populated, as represented in the House. So the North had an advantage.

• But in the Senate, with 11 free states and 11 slave states, the South remained equal due to the 2 Senators per state.

• So Southerners wanted to maintain this equality because it gave them the opportunity to twart any measure to interfere with the expansion of slavery.

Page 17: OR WAS IT? The “ Era of Good Feelings ” (1815-1824) (1815-1824)

Missouri and the Slave Issue

• Many southerners worried that if Missouri, the first territory carved out of Louisiana and West of the Mississippi, was not admitted as a slave state, it would set a bad precedent for future western states.

• Southerners also worried if their “peculiar institution’ could be abolished in Missouri, would the Northerners look to have it abolished elsewhere?

• Some anti-slavery northerners wanted slavery to not be allowed to expand further.

• So…..a solution needed to be made.

Page 18: OR WAS IT? The “ Era of Good Feelings ” (1815-1824) (1815-1824)

Missouri Compromise

• Led by Henry Clay, a bundle of 3 compromise were agreed to in an attempt to solve the issue of Missouri– Missouri entered as a slave state– Maine entered as a free state– All other slavery prohibited in the Louisiana Territory above 36’ 30

parallel (Southern border of Missouri)• Who Won?

– South got Missouri as an unrestricted slave state– North got the right to prohibit slavery in the rest of Louisiana– 12 slave states and 12 free states due to the compromise.

• The compromise lasted 34 years and preserved the shaky compact of the states

• However, it did not solve the slavery issue and simply kicked the can down the road. As Thomas Jefferson said, in regards to slavery: it will “burst on us like a tornado.”

Page 19: OR WAS IT? The “ Era of Good Feelings ” (1815-1824) (1815-1824)

The Compromise of 1820:The Compromise of 1820:A Firebell in the Night!A Firebell in the Night!

Page 20: OR WAS IT? The “ Era of Good Feelings ” (1815-1824) (1815-1824)

The Election of 1820The Election of 1820

Monroe was so popular, even despite the Missouri issue and the bigger issueOf the Panic of 1819, he received every electoral vote except 1. So WashingtonRemained the only unanimous choice in presidential elections. Former Governor and Senator from New Hampshire cast the single vote against Monroe

Page 21: OR WAS IT? The “ Era of Good Feelings ” (1815-1824) (1815-1824)

Daniel Webster

• John Marshall’s twin ideological brother in the Senate.

• Numerous times he eloquently espoused his Federalist views and nationalistic philosophy in front of the Supreme Court.

• Often argued in Senate against states’ rights and nullification

Page 22: OR WAS IT? The “ Era of Good Feelings ” (1815-1824) (1815-1824)

John Marshall

• As Chief Justice, he helped create a stable and nationally uniform environment for business.

• Helped check the excess of popularly elected state legislatures.

• Through him, the conservative Hamiltonians triumphed from the tomb as he championed a strong central government time and time again

Page 23: OR WAS IT? The “ Era of Good Feelings ” (1815-1824) (1815-1824)

John Quincy Adams:John Quincy Adams:A bulldog among spaniels!

John Quincy Adams was Secretaryof State during Monroe’s administration.

- Son of John Adams- rose above the sectionalism of New England and became one of the United States greatest Secretaries of State

Treaty of 1818 (British):- Americans could share

Newfoundland fisheries with Canadians- Fixed Louisiana at the 49th

parallel (Lake of the Woods to the Rockies)

- Ten-Year joint occupation of the disputed Oregon territory

Page 24: OR WAS IT? The “ Era of Good Feelings ” (1815-1824) (1815-1824)

The Convention of 1818The Convention of 1818

Page 25: OR WAS IT? The “ Era of Good Feelings ” (1815-1824) (1815-1824)

Florida and Jackson

• Revolutions broke out in Argentina, Venezuela, and Chile. So……..• Spain sent troops from Florida to these countries to stop the

revolutionaries.• Andrew Jackson creates trumped up charges that Seminole Indians

and fugitive slaves are using Florida as refuge and gets commission to enter Florida to punish Indians and recapture the runaways.

• So he hanged two chiefs and executed two British subjects for assisting the Indians. He also took two Spanish posts, St. Marks and Pensacola.

• Congress and president were angry, but John Quincy Adams said lets just take Florida and wanted concessions from Spain

• Result is the Florida Purchase Treaty of 1819– United States got Florida– Had to leave some forts in Texas– Boundary established between Mexico and United States

Page 26: OR WAS IT? The “ Era of Good Feelings ” (1815-1824) (1815-1824)

Jackson’s Florida Jackson’s Florida CampaignsCampaigns

Jackson’s Florida Jackson’s Florida CampaignsCampaigns

Page 27: OR WAS IT? The “ Era of Good Feelings ” (1815-1824) (1815-1824)

Adams-Onis Treaty, 1819Adams-Onis Treaty, 1819

Page 28: OR WAS IT? The “ Era of Good Feelings ” (1815-1824) (1815-1824)

Napoleonic Wars and Aftermath

• After Napoleon was defeated and the threat of democracy was squashed, the Monarchs of Europe banded together in attempt to eliminate another revolution like in France. They wanted to make the world safe from democracy.

• Americans were fearful that the monarchs of Prussia, Austria, Russia, and France would send armies to defeat the democratic experiments in revolutionary Latin America.

• So they feared that the proximity of the adversarial monarchs would threaten American security

• 1821, Tsar of Russia extended territory to 51st Parallel, present day British Columbia and had trading posts in San Francisco. So the fear of monarchy in America was real.

Page 29: OR WAS IT? The “ Era of Good Feelings ” (1815-1824) (1815-1824)

Britain and America

• George Canning proposed to the American minister a partnership with America that renouncing any interest in Latin American countries and also warning European despots to keep hands off the Latin American republics.

• John Quincy Adams said hells no!!! He understood that it was not necessary to entangle the Untied States in this alliance. There was no imminent attack from Europe in Latin America and plus the Royal navy would thwart any attack anyways. So he convinces Monroe to pronounce the………..

Page 30: OR WAS IT? The “ Era of Good Feelings ” (1815-1824) (1815-1824)

The Monroe Doctrine, 1823The Monroe Doctrine, 1823

3. What would the US do if the warning was not headed?

Monroe Monroe Doctrine Doctrine

2. What warning is given to the European countries?

1. What foreign policy principles are established?

Referred to as America’s Self-Defense Doctrine.

No more colonization and

No monarchs in New World

Page 31: OR WAS IT? The “ Era of Good Feelings ” (1815-1824) (1815-1824)

The West & the NW: The West & the NW: 1819-1819-18241824

Page 32: OR WAS IT? The “ Era of Good Feelings ” (1815-1824) (1815-1824)

The Election of 1824:The Election of 1824:The “Corrupt Bargain”The “Corrupt Bargain”

Page 33: OR WAS IT? The “ Era of Good Feelings ” (1815-1824) (1815-1824)

The Election of 1824:The Election of 1824:The “Corrupt Bargain”The “Corrupt Bargain”

CandidatePopular

Vote

Electoral Vote

Andrew Jackson

43% 99

J.Q. Adams 31% 84

William Crawford

13% 41

Henry Clay 13% 37