The economy of Pakistan mainly depend on textile sector. There is a huge

competition in textile market. To stable in this market the quality of product must

be ensure. For this reason there is no alternative of quality test of product. Now a

days it become a major part of textile. There are various type of textile testing

instrument for testing such as spectrophotometer, color matching cabinet, pH

meter, light fastness tester etc. To taste by those equipment it is necessary to

know about those instrument and there testing method.

Introduction

1. Checking Raw Materials

2. Monitoring Production

3. Assessing the Final Product

4. Investigation of Faulty Material

5. Product Development and Research

Reasons for Textile Testing

Total Textile Process at a Glance

Textile Testing Instrument

GSM_Cutter

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rBVJYB0armg

GSM means grams per square meter of a knit, woven or non woven fabric. It is essential to know the weight of the fabric before manufacturing and after getting the finished fabric. It needs to measure the weight of the fabric to be sure about the finished weight of the fabric. This test can be carried out in different ways but it is very easy to know the weight of the fabric by cutting the fabric with the GSM cutter.

Procedure Taking the sample of fabric from bulk and

conditioning for 4.30 to 06 hours ↓ 

Taking the conditioning fabric for test on the G.S.M. cutter pad so that no crease or crinkle is

formed. ↓ 

Cutting the fabric with G.S.M. cutter (GSM Cutter Diameter 11.2 cm) 

↓ Taking the weight of the cut fabric (Length & Width 11.2 cm) in balance and multiply with

100. ↓ 

Get the GSM of the fabric in oz/yard²

Martindale abrasion and pilling tester

Determine the end point by one of the following methods as specified:

Failure—Abrade the specimen until a hole appears.

Specified cycles—Abrade the specimen to a specified number of cycles.  Stop the test if a hole appears before the specified number.

Mass Loss—Determine the mass loss as the difference between the masses before and after abrasion.  This loss may be expressed as a mass or as a percentage.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KpNj_iO99xE

Abrasion resistance is measured by subjecting the specimen to rubbing motion in the form of a geometric figure. Resistance to abrasion is evaluated by various means, including comparison to visual aids in the form of photographs or actual samples.

Abrasion and Pilling tester

Sample Preparation1. When cutting specimens, avoid wrinkles, folds or creases.2. Avoid getting oil, water, grease, etc. on the specimens when handling.3. Using the smallest cutting die, cut six circular specimens from the fabric to be testedwith each specimen being 1.5 inches (38mm) in diameter. Take care not to apply toomuch pressure on the cutting die as it will break the razor blades.4. Weigh one specimen to determine pre-test mass.5. Also use this measurement to determine mass/unit area.

Preparation of Test Apparatus (see manual)1. Make all tests in the standard atmosphere for testing.2. Remove the specimen holders from the Martindale tester 3. Note that all three parts of the specimen holders (handle, face, and ring) are numbered1-6 and correspond to numbers on top of the Martindale tester.4. Assemble the holder by:5. Place the assembled holders into the machine, replacing silver caps and black knobs.6. Add the required weight (9kpa for apparel, 12kPa for upholstery) by resting the weights on the ends of the handles. (kPa = 1 kilo Pascal = # pounds) Note that the weights are also numbered 1-6.7. Set the counter system to record the desired movements using the third black button from the right.

Air permeability testerThe test method covers the measurement of the air permeability--the rate of air flow passing perpendicularly through a known area under a prescribed air pressure.Air permeability is an important factor in the performance of such textile materials as gas filter, fabrics for air bags, clothing, mosquito netting, parachutes, sails, tentage, and vaccum cleaners. It can also be used to provide an indication of the breathability of weather-resistant and rainproof fabrics.

How the Test Works:A circle of fabric is clamped into the tester and through the use of a vaccum, the air pressure is made different on one side of the fabric. Airflow will occur from the side with higher air pressure, through thefabric, to the side with the lower air pressure. From this rate of air flow, the air permability of the fabric is determined in mm/sec.

Lea Strength Tester

A lea strength tester measures the strength of one lea yarn. One lea means 120 yards. Strength is a measure of the steady force necessary to break a material and is measured in pound. The m/c works in constant rate of extension. Assuming the specimen to be extensible and an absence of any dynamic effects.

Working procedure

At first one lea cotton yarn is measured by wrap reel and in this way 20 samples are taken for testing.Now, the first sample is fixed with the upper jaw and the lower jaw.The m/c is started and observed the dial until the sample is torn out.When the sample is torn out the m/c is stopped and the reading is taken.By this way the others’ reading are taken.Then all the samples are weighted and counts are calculated.C.S.P or C.L.S.P of the all samples are calculated.At last average and CV% are calculated

Uster Evenness TesterThe instrument or M/C by which unevenness (U%) , co-efficient of variation of mass (CVm%), yarn hairiness, imperfection index (IPI) and thick, thin place, neps etc of yarn.The evenness of yarn is one of main indexes to measure the quality of yearns. The unevenness of yarns will deteriorate the mightiness of yarns, and increase the end breakage rate in the spinning, and the increase of the end breakage rate will directly limit the speed of the machines and reduce the productivity. In addition, the unevenness of yarns will seriously influence the appearance quality of textiles.The quality parameter is determined by a capacitive sensor. In this case the yarn, roving or sliver is passed through the electric field of a measuring capacitor. Mass variation of the material causes the disturbance of the electric field which are converted into electric signal. Which is proportional to the mas variation of the material. The unevenness is recorded as a diagram. 

Wrinkle Recovery Tester

A test specimen is wrinkled under standard atmospheric conditions in a standard wrinkling device under a pre-determined load for a prescribed period of time. The specimen is reconditioned in the standard atmosphere for textile testing and evaluated for appearance by comparison with 3-dimensional reference standards.

Crease recovery tester

Yarn Count Tester

Yarn Twist Tester

Standards Tumble Dryer

Lab Conditioner

Fabric_Thickness_Gauge

Yarn_Strength_Tester

Tearing strength tester

Stiffness Tester