technology precedent study

Precedent StudyIntegrating TechnologyAR3017

Studio 3.1

Michelle AdoraK1992769

Kim AssematK1005836

Nana Biamah-OfosuK1003981

Pallant House GalleryLong & Kentish Architects

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Content

Introduction Building SummarySettingBuilding OrganizationKey Spaces

EnvelopeMaterial CatalogueRoof and Wall JunctionFloor and Wall JunctionGround and Building JunctionDoor Detail Window Detail

StructureExplanation of StructureStructural Diagrams

ServicesLocation of Plant Room Heating and Cooling StrategyWater Supply and Waste Drainage Ventilation Strategy

LightSun Path DiagramLighting StrategyLighting Strategy in detail - Gallery spaceReflected Ceiling Plan

Summary

Bibliography

Introduction

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Building Summary

Setting

Building Organization

Key Spaces

ArchitectLong & Kentish in association with Colin St John Wilson

Date of CompletionJune 2006

Programme Gallery

TypologyExtension to an existing building

ClientThe Trustees of Pallant House Gallery

SponsorThe Heritage Lottery Fund

Structure and Services EngineerArup

Cost ConsultantDavis Langdon

Project ManagerGardiner & Theobald

Garden DesignerChristopher Bradley-Hole

Conservation ArchitectRichard Griffiths Architects

Planning SupervisorLong & Kentish Architects

Building ControlChichester District Council

Main ContractorHaymills

Tender DateNovember 2002

Start on Site Date13 January 2003

Contract Duration66.5 weeks

Gross Internal Floor Area1,564m2 new build (existing house 818m2)

Form of Contract and ProcurementJCT 1998 - Private with Quantities

Total Cost£4.613,417.06

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Scale: 1: 750

Site Plan

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Exist ing Pal lant House

New buiding

Pallant House Gallery in by Long & Kentish Architects, completed in 2006, is an extension to the existing Pallant House in Chichester. The original Pallant House, a Grade 1 listed building, is a Queen Anne Georgian building dating back to 1712. Described by Nicholas Pevsner as “Chichester’s most ambitious Georgian House,” the building was commissioned by Henry ‘Lisbon’ Peckham. The house was later purchased by Chichester district council to accommodate offices. However, it was later offered to the trustees of Pallant House Gallery.

The Gallery holds an extensive collection of modern art thus its need for expansion. The purchase and demolition of an adjacent Neo-Georgian town house, created the necessary space for the extension to the original Pallant House. The new building occupies an L-shaped site facing North Pallant and East Pallant.

The task for Long & Kentish Architects, was how to create a new, contemporary public building that would sit comfortably in the fragile historic context of the Roman Pallants.

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Scale: 1: 250

First Floor Plan

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Scale: 1: 250

Ground Floor Plan

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1. Main entrance2. Shop3. Reception4. Friends room5. Utility room6. Studio7. Garden gallery8. Prints room9. Library10. Toilets11. Restaurant12. Kitchen13. Service yard14. Galleria15. Lecture room/ Display store16. Gallery17. Ante room18. Meeting room19. Loggia

The design of the new building follows a direction of “reflecting the historic context in an abstract composition.”

There is a merging of the existing and the new, with the new building sitting comfortably although with a presence of its own next to the existing Pallant House. The subtly proportioned composition and use of local materials means this new, large public building engages successfully with the existing townscape.

Internally, a simple yet successful logic is applied to organization of spaces.

The ground floor holds ancillary spaces related to a gallery such the reception, shop, library and restaurant. The ground floor is conceived as a free flowing and connected sets of spaces organized around an internal courtyard which separates the historic Pallant House and the new building.

The first floor is reversed entirely for exhibition spaces. Here, the galleries are formed as introspective, top-light rooms dedicated to the exhibition of artwork. The most interesting space is the long gallery space, a 21 metres by 6.5 metres space in the middle. Six further rooms which comprises further exhibition space, a lecture room and meeting room open up from this space.

There is also a connection between the existing house and the new building on the first floor. One can move between the galleries in the old house and the new wing quite freely.

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A A

The section below further illustrates the logic behind the spatial organization of the new gallery. On the ground floor are spaces such as the main entrance, shop and reception.

The first floor is reserved for the exhibition spaces. The grandeur of the long gallery is evident in this section. Further gallery spaces open up from this long space. The galleries are similar in proportion to those in the orginial house, emphasizing the sense of conitunity between the existing building and the new intervention.

The seperate roof over each space on the first floor breaks down the overall volume. This allows the building to fit into its context when viewed from the townscape. The division of the gallery spaces is interesting as it enhances one’s viewing experience. It is also relative to the size of the artworks exhibited, many of which where designed for a residental setting.

Section AALooking through Galleria and Garden looking north

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1. Main entrance2. Shop3. Reception4. Garden Gallery5. Staircase and Lift area6. Long Gallery

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B B

The section below further reiterates the idea of behind the spatial organization of the building. It also shows the relationship between the existing Pallant House and the new building.

Section BBThrough Pallant House, courtyard, meeting room and restaurant looking north

1. Orginial Pallant House2. Library3. Gallery4. Gallery

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1. Gallery2. Gallery3. Lift and Staircase area4. Entrance and Reception5. Shop

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1. Existing Pallant House2. Lecture Room3. Entrance and Reception4. Shop

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The courtyard is an important part of the scheme. It provides a relationship between the old and the new, allowing the new building to engage with the existing Georgian Pallant House.

The area of the courtyard, a garden space designed by Christopher Bradley-Hole, is defined by the natural lime rendered walls of the new building. This facade of the building, is more relaxed in comparison to the formality of the brick front elevation. This sense of calm which is achieved in the conception of the building envelope alludes to the quite, tranquil nature of the garden.

Materials used here include Italian pietra serena for the main square and red brick on the edge. Such use of material echo the materials used in the elevations.

In terms of its situation in plan, the garden, allows a connection to the rest of the ground floor, emphasizing the free-flow spatial organization of the ground floor.

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The exhibition space situated on the first floor of the building, are conceived as an enfilade of rooms, each connected to one another. This spatial organization allows there to be a sense of continuity yet intimacy in these spaces.

This sense of continuity and intimacy is also reflected in the fact that one can move freely between the galleries in the new building and the those in the old Pallant house. Furthermore the relative sizes of the gallery in both the old and new parts of this scheme, establishes a connection between the two parts.

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The definition between the old, existing Pallant House and the new building is achieved both in plan and in the facade of the building. There is a sense of integration yet separation in the way in which the two parts of the scheme engage with one another.

The area which houses the staircase and lift, located in a slot between listed building and the new gallery, provides the connection and separation the two buildings. This area is clearly defined in the front elevation through the language of materials and alignment.

The glazed terracotta tiles used here define this space with the elevation.

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StructureExplanation of Structure

Structural Diagrams

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Definition of structureScale : 1:500

At Pallant House gallery, the structural solution employed is a direct result of accommodation of key programs.

The first instance to note is how the new building sits next to the existing Grade 1 listed house. This already determines an underlying structural solution; the new staircase and lift area provides the connection between the old and new and also establishes a structural core in the building.

This core is expressed on the facade through material and alignment. The fact that is it stepped back from the rest of the facade establishes its important. The terracotta cladding system used also further define this area.

The sketches below show how the spaces offer a clear structural solution.

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1. The space around the existing Pallant House is designated to the architects for the new building.

2. The overall space is divided to accommodate the most important programs: entrance, stairs, library, garden and restaurant.

3. Further division of spaces create ancillary spaces such as toilets, utility rooms, kitchen and service area.

4. The neccessary structure built around the spaces.

Definition of structure

Ground Floor1:600

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1. The space around the existing Pallant House is designated to the architects for the new building.

2. Most of the space on the first floor is designated for galleries

3. Further division of spaces create ancillary spaces such as lecture rooms and meeting rooms.

3. The neccessary structure built around the spaces.

Definition of structure

First Floor1:600

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The overall structure of the new building consists of load-bearing walls, concrete floors and precast gallery roof units.

The diagrams on the left show the loadbearing elements of the new building.

The majority of the ground floor walls are loadbearing. As the structure is so thermally massive, to keep internal conditions constant, a simple structural solution to make these walls loadbearing was employed.

The diagrams also reiterate the fact that there is no defining structural logic; the structure is defined by the spaces required within the building.

Many of the ground floor walls at Pallant House Gallery areloadbearing. As the structure is so thermally massive, to keep internal temperatures constant, it was simple to have the walls as loadbearing.

Loadbearing walls

Scale: 1: 250

Loadbearing structural e lements

Grond Floor Plan

Scale: 1: 250

First F loor Plan

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The diagrams above reveal the loadbearing elements of the Pallant House Gallery.

Loadbearing structural e lements

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EnvelopeMaterial Catalogue

Roof and Wall Junction

Floor and Wall Junction

Ground and Building Junction

Door Detail

Window Detail

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The material palette becomes softer as one moves through the building. The floor of the ground floor is made up of portland stone floor slabs echoing that seen in the existing Pallant House. Panels that provide separation the entrance space are clad in softer materials such as American ashboard timber panels.

In the gallery space on the first floor, the floors are lined with English oak floorboards. The roofs above these spaces, a particular feature of the design are clad in tin coated copper linings.

Interior walls are lined with plaster boards and painted white.

Overall, materials are carefully chosen for the qualities which include durability, low maintenance, appearance over time, weathering, wear and patina.

1. English oak floorboards

2. Lime render

3. Glazed terracotta tile

4. Tin coated copper lining

5. Plaster board

6. Portland stone tile floor

7. American ashboard panelling

8. Red handmade clay brickwork with flush mortar joints

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The materials used at Pallant House Gallery establish a sense of definition between the external and internal.

The external facades of the building employs traditional materials such as brick, allowing the building to sit comfortably within its setting. The main elevation facing north of the Pallants engages with the existing Georgian Pallant House. The combination of a contemporary interpretation of the proportions that exist in the house and the use of materials, allow for a sense of continuity between the facades.

The facade of the new building employs red handmade clay brickwork flush lime mortar joints and red/brown salt-glazed terracotta tiles. The terracotta is also used in the vertical fluting in the main elevation and in the ribbed panels surrounding the entrance.

The elevations of that surround the garden in the courtyard facingeast of the Pallant employ a natural lime render, producing a more relaxed effect in comparison to the formal front elevation.

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Scale: 1: 20

Roof and Wall Junction

1. Fully adjustable external louvre system

2. Low -E toughened glass outer pane, 16mm argon filled cavity and 11.5mm 3-ply laminated inner pane

3. Polyster powder-coated aluminium flashing

4. Tin coated copper flashing

5. 180mm thick foamed glass insulation on bitumen primer

6. 150mm thick sprayed in-situ concrete roof vault, with off-formwork internal finish

7. Bitumen roll waterproof membrane bonded to insulation

8. Copper roof sheet laid with 25mm standing seams with proprietary fixing clips

9. Tin-coated copper capping to parapet

10. Tin-coated copper valley gutter

11. Plasterboard on MDF boards with ventilated cavity

12. Double-skin blockwork inner leaf

13. Insulated cavity

14. 100mm blockwork with block pier supports

15. Two coat nautral lime render

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Scale: 1: 20

Wall and Floor Junction


2. Insulated cavity



5. Plasterboard on MDF boards with ventilated cavityt

6. 250mm concrete floor slab structure

7. Portland stone tile floor adhesive-fix to screed

8. English oak board floor on suspended system

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Scale: 1: 20

Ground and building junction

1. Portland stone tile floor adhesive-fix to screed

2. Underfloor heating system

3. Rigid insulation

4. DPC

5. 250mm concrete floor slab structure

6. Wall finish

7. Ground

8. Insulation

9. DPC

10. Retaining wall

11. Screed floor finish

12. Rigid insulation

13. DPC

14. 250mm concrete floor slab

15. Hardcore

16. Mass concrete foundation footing

17. Structural piles with geothermal energy pipes incoporated

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Scale: 1: 20

Exterior door detail



3. Insulated cavity



6. Lintel

7. Jamb

8. Mullion

9. Fixed glazing

10. Exterior brickwork paving

11. Drainage channel

12. DPC

13. 250mm concrete floor slab

14. Rigid Insulation


16. Mullion

17. Fixed glazing


19. Insulated cavity


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1. Two coat nautral lime render2. 100mm blockwork with block pier supports3. Double-skin blockwork inner leaf4. Internal timber lining5. Lintel6. Jamb7. Fixed Glazing8. Portland stone window sill9. Insulated cavity

10. Two coat nautral lime render11. Double-skin blockwork inner leaf12. Insulated cavity13. Internal timber lining14. 100mm blockwork with block pier supports15. Timber lining for window board16. Seal17. Jamb18. Fixed Glazing19. Rigid insulation

Scale: 1: 20

Wiindow detail

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ServicesLocation of Plant Room

Heating and Cooling Strategy

Water Supply and Waste Drainage

Ventilation Strategy

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Riser Room

Heating System

Cooling System

Electric System

Riser Room Riser Room

Scale: 1: 250

Basement Floor - Location of main plant room

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Scale: 1: 500

Ground Floor

Scale: 1: 500

First Floor

The diagrams shown here illustrate where the plant room and riser are in relation to the rest of the building. The main plant room which services the new building, is located in the basement of the building whilst a secondary plant space in the roof provides the specific conditions needed in the gallery spaces. These are connected by the riser which also distributed services to the relevant areas.

Cool ing system

Heat ing system

Riser

Percentage of plant space in relation to building: 8.8%

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Scale: 1: 100

Plant room diagram

1. Main plant room located in the basement

2. Secondary plant space located within the roof

Vertical distribution of servicesConnection between main and secondary plant spaces

The diagram on the left shows the plant spaces that service the building. The main plant space is located in the basement whilst a secondary plant space is located within the roof. The main plant room provides the servicing for almost all the building. Services travel to relevant areas of the building through the riser. The secondary plant space based in the roof provides servicing that is specific to the gallery spaces on the first floor.

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Scale: 1: 200Heating and Cooling Strategy

1. Main Plant Room

Heat energy extracted from ground

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Energy from ground is used to provide heating in the winter

Energy from ground is cooled to provide cooling in the summer

2. Gallery Plant (situated on the roof)

System for providing a constant temperature for artwork display

At Pallant House gallery, geothermal energy is harvested to provide heating and cooling for the building. Geothermal heating and cooling system rely on the simple premise that the constant temperature, between 8°C an 13°C in the United Kingdom , just below the earth’s surface offsets seasonal variations by acting as a heat sink in the summer and a heat reservoir in the winter.

In the servicing strategy other methods such as a conventional system using a chiller an boiler system were considered. However, these were unfeasible due to the limited space for plant space and other planning restriction.

Therefore, an approach which included a geothermal heating and cooling system supported by a small boiler and chiller was adopted. The geothermal system was incorporated in the structural piles that were necessary because of the local ground conditions. The system comprises 69 piles sunk approximately 35 metres into the ground.

Whilst an initially expensive system, this strategy when combined with the highly insulated envelope of the building provides an efficient heating and cooling strategy.

The diagram on the left shows how this system works and how it provides heating and cooling to the building.

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The diagram on the left shows how the ground floor of the building is heated. An underfloor heating system is used to provide heating. This system is supported by the geothermal piles and a heat pump and chiller unit situated in the plant room in the basement.

Scale: 1: 250Ground Floor Underfloor Heating System

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Pipe work for heating system

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Scale: 1: 150Ground Floor - Water supply and Waste Drainage

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Cold water supplyHot water supplyDrainage

Toi lets

Ki tchen

The diagram on the left shows how water supply and waste drainage are dealt with at Pallant House gallery. The areas shown in this study are the toilets and the kitchen, the two areas within the buidling where the issue of water and drainage are of most concern.

The diagram shows how water, hot and cold these areas.Drainage leaves the buidling via pipe work laid under the courtyard garden space.

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Scale: 1: 150Section showing water supply and waste drainage

Cold water supplyHot water supplyDrainage

The section above shows the water supply and waste drainage within the buidling. The above shows how the toilets are serviced.

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Mechanical ventilation

Ground floor plan 1:200

Mechanical ventilation(higher level)

Natural ventilation

Natural ventilation entry

Most of the ground floor is naturally ventilated through the windows andgarden doors, which can be left open. Not all the windows are able to be opened. The prevailing south-west wind primarily affects the main spaces around the garden. The kitchen would need a higher level of mechanical ventilation.

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Natural ventilation



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Natural ventilation



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Natural ventilation



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Scale: 1: 200Ventilation strategy

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Mechanical vent i lat ion

Mechanical vent i lat ion(Higher Level)

Natural vent i lat ion entry




Natural ventilation



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The spatial organization of the building provides a clear strategy for service and energy management.

Most of the ground floor, where non-gallery activities are situated is largely naturally ventilated through openings in the envelope. The largely glazed doors leading towards the garden can be opened to allow natural ventilation. The prevailing south-west wind primarily affects the main spaces around the garden.

Although natural ventilation is encouraged, it is not suitable in all areas. Spaces such as the toilets and kitchen also situated on the ground floor, require mechanical ventilation. The kitchen due to the nature of such a space, requires a higher level of mechanical ventilation.

Ground Floor




Natural ventilation



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Natural ventilation



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Natural ventilation



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Natural ventilation



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Natural vent i lat ion

Mechanical vent i lat ion

Mechanical vent i lat ion(Higher Level)

Natural vent i lat ion entry




Natural ventilation



SW

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The first floor is mostly ventilated mechanically. This is especially necessaryin the gallery spaces, where the atmosphere has to be envrionementally conditioned to meet international conservation standards.

The gallery spaces are air-conditioned using the geothermal piles and a heat pump located in the plant room.

The loggia is the only part of the first floor in which natural ventilation is introduced. This space which allows view towards the garden and the existing Pallant House, has a fully glazed elevation and windows that allow the space beyond to be naturally venitalted. This also allows this space to be naturally light.


First floor plan 1:200


Natural ventilation


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SW

The first floor is mostly ventilated mechanically. This is especially necessaryin the gallery spaces, where the atmosphere around the artwork needs to be more controlled.

Scale: 1: 200Ventilation strategy

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First Floor




Natural ventilation


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The first floor is mostly ventilated mechanically. This is especially necessaryin the gallery spaces, where the atmosphere around the artwork needs to be more controlled.

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Sun Path Diagram

Lighting Strategy

Lighting Strategy in detail - Gallery space

Reflected Ceiling Plan

Light

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Summer

Winter

The sun path diagram shows Pallant House Gallery’s positioning in relation to the sun. The diagram represents how the sun moves from west to east during the winter and summer seasons.

Additionally, the sun path diagram informs and indicates the lighting strategy incorporated into the design of Pallant House Gallery.

During the summer season, the upper floor gallery maximises the natural lighting through the skylights.

The ground floor’s design of the west glazed wall helps promote natural lighting in the winter seasons.

Scale: 1: 1500

Site Plan N

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Natural light entry


The ground floor is naturally lit for the most part, with the majority of the light coming in from the glazed doors surrounding the garden.As daylight comes in approximately 6m, and the spaces aren't that large, most of them are able to be naturally lit.

Natural L ight entry

The ground floor is naturally lit for the most part, with the majority of the light coming in from the glazed doors surrounding the garden.

Given the relatively small sizes of the spaces and the fact that daylight can pentrate a space to approximately 6m, these spaces can be sufficentally lit naturally in the daytime. There is also a mechincal lightining system in place to support the natural lightining strategy.

Scale: 1: 200Ground Floor

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Lighting strategy

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Natural light entry


The first floor is less naturally lit as there are less windows so as to maximise the gallery wall space. Daylight does comes into the galleries from skylights,but the majority of the first floor is lit artificially, which is beneficial when it comes to controlling any light for sensitive artworks.

Light distr ibut ion

The first floor is not naturally lit for the most part. There are no windows in the gallery spaces as this maximises wall space for hanging artworks. A purely natural lighting strategy would be unsuitable in the gallery space as the artworks displayed require very specific lighting conditions.

Roof lights in roof of the gallery spaces provide some daylight. However this is filtered and distributed by the light reflector in the suspended ceiling. The amount of daylight entering these spaces can be controlled with the adjustable louvre system.

On the whole, a very specific mechanical lighting system provides the light needed in the gallery spaces.

Other areas on this floor such as the staircase and the meeting room do receive some daylight as there is glazing in these spaces.

Scale: 1: 200First Floor

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Lighting strategy

Natural l ight entry

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Scale: 1: 50

Lighting and Ventilation Strategy in Gallery 1


2. Low -E toughened glass outer pane, 16mm argon filled cavity and 11.5mm 3-ply laminated inner pane

3. Eyebolt for maintenance access

4. Air supply and extract ducts

5. Platform suspended from 8mm diameter stainless steel rods

6. Metal strut structure with polyester coated metal sheet lining

7. GRG (glass reinforced gypsum board ceiling soffit)

8. Cantilevered perimeter light recess

9. Suspended ceiling platform 140mm double C-sections galvanized steel frame

Daylight enters through roof lights and is reflected and distributed within the gallery

Gallery is mechanically ventilated by a supply and extract system

The drawing above examines the ventiation and lighting stragety in the gallery spaces. These spaces require very specific set of conditions which must adhere to international conservation standards.

The above shows how daylight enters the space below through the roof lights in the roof above. The amount of daylight that enters can be controlled by the fully adjustable external louvre system in place. Daylight is controlled and reflected by the light reflected in the suspended ceiling. The lighting conditions are further controlled and enhanced by a mechanical lighting system. An advanced LED technology system supplied by Erco Lighting is used in the gallery spaces.

Plant space, ducting and diffusers are housed within the roof structure. The gallery spaces below are serviced via central clouds below the roof pitches.

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The drawing above shows how the gallery spaces are serviced via the roof. The roof scape houses important aspects for the servicing of the spaces below. This is evidence of how all components that make a building are integrated and reliant on one another. The envelope, servicing and lighting strategy are integrated and incorporated into one another.

The reflected ceiling plan communicates how the long gallery space is lit and ventilated at a detailed level. Shown in this plan is the external louvre system which controls ventilation and daylight. The mechanical lighting and ventilation systems are also shown here.

Scale: 1: 100

Reflected Ceiling Plan

1. Copper roof sheet laid 25mm standing seams with proprietary fixing clips

2. Eyebolt for maintenance access


4. Tin coated copper flashing

5. Mechanical ductwork cover/ stability panel

6. Galleria

7. Gallery 2

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Summary

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StructureThe structural solution employed with this design is one that is determined by the spaces and accommodation required. The structure results from the need to accommodate certain programs with a given space. A composite structural idea is evident in this design.

EnvelopeThe envelope of the building is designed to maximise energy efficiency. A highly insulated envelope allows the building reduce heat losses. Careful openings made in the envelope encourage natural light and ventilation where possible.

The overall design of the envelope directly contributes to the architectural qualities of the building. A careful selection of materials allow the new building to sit comfortable next to its older host, a Georgian Grade 1 listed building. Furthermore, it allows the building to engage with its wider context of the existing townscape.

One’s experience of the building is highly influenced by the materials used which soften as one moves deeper into the building. Intimate spaces such as the galleries are described using softer materials and linings where as more public areas utilise a harder palette of materials such as brick and render.

ServicesThe spatial organization of the building provides a clear service management strategy. The ground floor which houses the non gallery related spaces require a lower level of servicing. Some areas such as the kitchens and toilets require a higher level of servicing. Natural ventilation is encouraged when possible.

In contrast, the first floor which holds the gallery spaces requires a greater level of servicing to maintain specific conditions needed for the artworks that are exhibited.

Both floors are heated and cooled using geothermal energy, a highly efficient and sustainable method. Although the clients had to be persuaded into the geothermal piles, these provide most of the heating, and have a return both sustainability and economically.

LightThe spatial organization of the building also provides a clear lighting strategy. The ground floor which houses ancillary spaces introduces a natural lighting strategy supported by a mechanical system.

On the top floor, a mechanical system provides most of the light. Daylight is introduced through the roof lights on the roof above the gallery spaces. However, this controlled by the louvre system and light reflectors on the ceiling.

Areas such as the loggia and staircase and lift space use daylight as a lighting strategy although also supported by a mechanical system

SustainabilityOverall Pallant House gallery can be considered sustainable. Passive solutions of energy conservation are sought out first before the introduction of any mechanical means.

The successful incorporation of structure, envelope, servicing and lighting means all aspects of the building work together and are integral to one another.

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BibliographyArup, ‘Going underground: geothermal energy update and case studies’ in Ecotect, (13), (May 2006), p.16-21

Dawson, Susan, Stephen Marshall, ‘Pallant House Gallery,’ in Architect’s Journal, 224 (3), (20 July 2006), p.23-27

Gregory, Rob, ‘In company of friends’ in Architectural Review, 220, (1316), (October 2006), p. 84-91

Parry, Eric, ‘Art house: a new home for Colin St John Wilson’s collection’ in Architectural Today, (170), (July 2006), p.36-48

Powers, Alan, ‘Ancient & modern’ in ‘Country Life’ in (179), (21), p. 78

Worthington, Caroline, ‘Thoroughly modern’ in Museums Journal, (106), (10), p.54-55

www.erco.com/products/product-index/index/indoor-3954/en/index-1.php

Image Credits All images are author’s unless stated otherwise

Page 17: Image Credit: Garrick Palmer



With Special Thanks to:Gillian Birtchnell (Pallant House Gallery Librarian)

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technology precedent study

Documents

existing pallant house

original pallant house

new building

ambitious georgian house

building junctiondoor

listed building

east pallant

north pallant