amsterdam: zuidas precedent study
DESCRIPTION
An analytical look at the development of the Zuid district in Amsterdam.TRANSCRIPT
Holland
:Randstad
AmsterdAm
BerlAge
ZuidAs
HollandreferstothewesternregionoftheNetherlands.TheetymologyofHollandcomesfromtheMiddleDutchtermholtland(woodedland).
ManyareasofHollandarebelowsealevel,requiringconstantdrainage.ThisleadtotheubiquitousDutchwindmills,usedforpumpingwater.
Hollandcontainsfourmajorcities,Am-sterdamandUtrechtintheNoordvleugel(NorthWing),andTheHagueandRotterdamintheZuidvleugel(SouthWing).
ThesefournodeslinkwithothercitiestoformtheRands-tad(rimcity).TheRandstadhasseenmanyproposalsovertheyearstolinktheregionthroughhighspeedrailandinter-nationalmotorways.
Over7.5millionpeople,orhalfthepopulationoftheNetherlands,livealongtheRandstad.
TheHague
Rotterdam
Utrecht
Amsterdam
HollAnd
amsterdam :Context :Development :Evolution :Historical :Boroughs
BerlAge
ZuidAs
Amsterdamisthecap-italandlargestcityintheNetherlands.IncludingtheRands-tadcities,AmsterdamisthesixthlargestgreatermetropolitanareainEurope.
TheearliestmentionofAmsterdamisOcto-ber27,1275.EarlyinhabitantshadbuiltabridgewithadamacrosstheriverAm-stel.
Amsterdam’shistoryofforeignoccupationandsubsequentinde-pendencehasproducedaculturelargelytolerateofvariousfaiths.
TheGoldenAgeofAmsterdamoccurredinthe17thCent.thankstotheirworldwidetradeconnections.
Amsterdam’smostde-finingfeatureisitsGrachtengordel(se-riesofthreecanals)
ThethreeplaguesofAmsterdamarere-flectedontheircity’scoatofarmsasthreecrosses(flood,fire,&pestilence).
MajorHighways MajorWaterways FifteenBoroughsofAmsterdam
1342 1383
1544 1597
1667
DevelopmentoftheGrachtengordel HollAnd
amsterdam :Context :Development :Evolution :Historical :Boroughs
BerlAge
ZuidAs
Amsterdam’sGoldenAge(1585-1672)re-flectedtheirpowerasEurope’smostdomi-nanttradinghub.
1stCent.BC
12BC
4thCent.AD
814
10thCent.
1275
1287
1296
1300
1506
1555-1579
1581
Frisians,Batavians,andothertribessettlethecoastalterri-toryalongtheRhineRiver
Romansattempttopushtheirem-pire’sfrontieracrosstheRhine
BarbarianinvasionsfromtheSax-onsandFrankssettletheregion
ThedeathofCharlemagnecreatesapowervacuumwithinhisempire
ThecountsofHollandandZeelandbegintoasserttheirauthorityintheregionCountFlorisVofHollandgrantsthepeopleof‘Aemstelledamme’toll-exemptionfromnavigatingHolland’scanals
TheLordsofAmsterdamassissinateCountFlorisandrevertbacktotheruleoftheBishopofUtrecht
AheavystormwashesawaythelastlandbarrierbetweenAmsterdamandthesea
Amsterdamofficiallydeclaredacity
AmsterdamisinheritedbyCharlesV,KingofSpain
TheProtestantReformationtakesholdinAmsterdam,resultinginabreakfromSpainandCatholicism,culminatingintheAlterationofAmsterdam(1578)
TheUnitedProvincesdeclarestheirindependencefromSpain
FacadeConstructionbyCentury
pre-1700 1700-1800
1800-1900
Composite
1900-present
HollAnd
amsterdam :Context :Development :Evolution :Historical :Boroughs
BerlAge
ZuidAs
GermanyoccupiedAmsterdaminWWII,withover100,000Jewsbeingdeported,includ-ingAnneFrank.
1602 TheUnitedEastIndiaCompanyisfounded
1609
1626
1652
1673
1747
1795
1813
1853
1920
1904
1928
1934
HenryHudson,workingfortheEastIndiaCompany,sailsfromAmsterdamanddiscoversManhattanisland
NewAmsterdamisfoundedinAmerica
CapeTownisfoundedinSouthAf-rica
WilliamofOrangedefeatsinvadingFrenchbyopeningsluicegatestofloodthecountryside
RiotsforgovernmentalreformbreakoutinAmsterdam
TheNetherlandsgainsitsindepen-dencefromFrance
TheVelvetRevolutiontakesplaceastheFrenchoccupyAmsterdamwiththeaidofDutchrevolutionaries
KLM,theworld’sfirstairline,schedulesservicebetweenAmsterdamandLondon
Amsterdam’scitycouncilasksBer-lagetodesigntheundevelopedlandtothesouthofAmsterdam
VincentvanGoghisborninHolland
AmsterdamhoststheSummerOlympics
TheAfsluitdijk(EnclosureDike)turnstheseanearAmsterdamintothefreshwaterLakeIJsselmeer
1544 1662
19221866
1770
HistoricalMaps HollAnd
amsterdam :Context :Development :Evolution :Historical :Boroughs
BerlAge
ZuidAs
Thegrachtengodelwasusedasadefensemechanism,transportationsystem,andfloodcontrol.
1949
1958
1964
1975
1997
2001
2002
2008
2010
2035
TheNetherlandsjoinsNATO
TheNetherlandsjoinstheEu-ropeanEconomicCommunity,anearlyversionoftheEuropeanUnion
TheBeatlestourAmsterdam’scanals
Amsterdamdecriminilizescannabisusageinits700thyearasacity
TheTreatyofAmsterdammarkstheeuroastheofficialEuropeancommoncurrency
Theworld’sfirstlegalsame-sexmarriagetakesplaceinAmsterdam
TheDutchparliamentmarkstheNetherlandsasthefirstcountryintheworldtolegalizeeuthanasia
PlanspushforwardtobuildtheZuidasurbanbusinesscenter,withanestimated2.5millionm2devel-opment
ConstructionisunderwayontheDokmodel,wherethenewRandstadinfrastructureislocatedbelowgroundbetweentheZuidashigh-rises
EstimatedcompletionoftheDok-model
1942
1945
AnneFrankgoesintohiding
CanadiansoldiersliberateAm-sterdamfromtheNazioccupation
1940 NaziGermanyinvadesAmsterdam
1BosenLommer
2Westerpark
3DeBaarsjes
4Oud-West
Oost/Waterfraafsmeer
Zeeburg
Noord
Westpoort
Geuzenveld/Slotermeer
Osdorp
Slotervaart
12
34
Zuidoost
Centrum Center
Oud-Zuid OldSouth
Zuideramstel SouthernAmstel
Zuidas SouthAxis
HollAnd
amsterdam :Context :Development :Evolution :Historical :Boroughs
BerlAge
ZuidAs
Amsterdamisdividedintofifteenbor-oughs,witheachboroughcontainingsev-eralneighborhoods.
HollAnd
AmsterdAm
Berlage :Hendrik :1904 :1915 :1922
ZuidAs
In1901alawwaspassedthatsoughttoregulateovercrowdinginAmsterdambygivingfinan-cialsupporttocorporationsthatbuiltaffordablepublichousingfortheirworkers.ThisleadtoBerlage’sPlanZuid(South)andPlanWest.
HendrikBerlageisconsideredtobethefatherofModernDutchArchitecture.HisinfluencesincludedH.H.RichardsonandFrankLloydWright.HisworkinspiredmanyDutcharchitecturegroupsinthe1920s,includingDeStijilandtheAmsterdamSchool.
HollAnd
AmsterdAm
Berlage :Hendrik :1904 :1915 :1922
ZuidAs
Berlage’sinitialplanforthesouthernexpansionin1904includedwindingstreetsandastrongconnec-tiontotheexistingfabric.Thecitycouncilre-jectedhisplanduetohighcostandinefficiency.
HollAnd
AmsterdAm
Berlage :Hendrik :1904 :1915 :1922
ZuidAs
In1914Berlageintroducedanewplan,thistimewithstraightstreetsandbroadintersections.Theplanwasasuccess,withconstructionapprovedin1917,followingthestyleoftheAmsterdamSchool.
HollAnd
AmsterdAm
Berlage :Hendrik :1904 :1915 :1922
ZuidAs
AmajorfeatureoftheplanwasTheApolloarea,whichincludedthe1928Olympicstadium.However,notallofBerlage’splanswerebuiltaccordingtoplan,asevidencedbythesouthernedgeoftheplan.
HollAnd
AmsterdAm
BerlAge
Zuidas :Footprints :Apollolaan :Waalstraat :AmstelRiver :Amstelveen- seweg :StationRai :StationZuid
ThismapshowsareaswheretheOud-ZuidmeetstheZuideramstel.Themomentsalloccuralongintersectionsofinfrastructure,andservetohighlightAmsterdam’seffortstocapitalizespacesthatwouldordinarilybeleftunused.
Railroad MotorwayLightRail Canal
HollAnd
AmsterdAm
BerlAge
Zuidas :Footprints :Apollolaan :Waalstraat :AmstelRiver :Amstelveen- seweg :StationRai :StationZuid
TheeasternedgeoftheApolloareaishighlightedbyBerlage’splanforconnectingcanalstocreateopen,publicspacesofwater.
LightRail
Canal
Borough
HollAnd
AmsterdAm
BerlAge
Zuidas :Footprints :Apollolaan :Waalstraat :AmstelRiver :Amstelveen- seweg :StationRai :StationZuid
OneofthemajorfeaturescarriedoverfromBrelage’splan,thisin-tersectionincorporatesmultiplelayersoftransportationwithpub-licgreenspaceforresidents.
LightRail
Canal
Borough
GreenSpace
HollAnd
AmsterdAm
BerlAge
Zuidas :Footprints :Apollolaan :Waalstraat :AmstelRiver :Amstelveen- seweg :StationRai :StationZuid
AlongtheAmstelRiver,bikesandboatsaregivenpriority.TheyservetosimultaneouslylinkAmsterdam’sparks,canals,andhistorictrailsacrossthemotorway.
LightRail
Canal
Railroad
Borough
GreenSpace
Motorway
HollAnd
AmsterdAm
BerlAge
Zuidas :Footprints :Apollolaan :Waalstraat :AmstelRiver :Amstelveen- seweg :StationRai :StationZuid
Amsterdamhascreatedtransitstationsthatcansupporttransporta-tionatavarietyofscales.Thisimagehighlightstheefficiencyofspaceandforesightinplanning.
LightRail
Canal
Motorway
HollAnd
AmsterdAm
BerlAge
Zuidas :Footprints :Apollolaan :Waalstraat :AmstelRiver :Amstelveen- seweg :StationRai :StationZuid
StationRaiisamajortransithubforbothtrainandlightrail.Itbridgesovertocreateamulti-layeredsystemofdepartureandar-rival.
LightRail
Canal
Motorway
HollAnd
AmsterdAm
BerlAge
Zuidas :Footprints :Apollolaan :Waalstraat :AmstelRiver :Amstelveen- seweg :StationRai :StationZuid
ThemostsignificantdevelopmentistheZuidasbusinessdistrict.Ithasbecomethehometoanumberofmajorinternationalcorporations.Thefabricbetweenthemotorwaysisfinelygrained,allowingforfuturemodificationstotheexistinginfrastructurewithminimalinterference.
LightRail
Canal
Motorway
HollAnd
AmsterdAm
BerlAge
Zuidas :Footprints :Apollolaan :Waalstraat :AmstelRiver :Amstelveen- seweg :StationRai :StationZuid
ThesetwoplansarefortheZuidasbusinessdistrictandsurroundingcommu-nities.Constructioniscurrentlyongoingtocreateaninternationalhubforbusinessandtransportation,linkingtotheSchipholairportandtherestofEuropethroughtheRandstad’shighspeedraillinesandmotorways.
HollAnd
AmsterdAm
BerlAge
Zuidas :Footprints :Apollolaan :Waalstraat :AmstelRiver :Amstelveen- seweg :StationRai :StationZuid
HollAnd
AmsterdAm
BerlAge
Zuidas :Footprints :Apollolaan :Waalstraat :AmstelRiver :Amstelveen- seweg :StationRai :StationZuid
Berlage’splanfortheZuidwastoex-pandtheboundariesofAmsterdam.Hedidsothroughweavingthefabricfoundwithinthegrachtengordelwithanewframeworksothatfutureconnectionswouldbepossible.
TheZuidasisbecomingthefocalpointforbusinessinAmsterdamandalongtheRand-stad.Thatanareabisectedbyahighwayandrailiscomingtogetherasaninter-nationalbusinesshubspeakstothefore-sightofBerlageandthespiritofAmster-dam.