teaching and learning with technology allyn and bacon 2002 distance education: using technology to...

Allyn and Bacon 2002Teaching and Learning with Technology

Distance Education: Using Technology to

Redefine the Classroom

Chapter 11

Teaching and Learning with Technology

Teaching and Learning with Technology Allyn and Bacon 2002

Distance Education

• The delivery of instruction to students who are separated from their teacher by time and/or location• The teacher may be at one site and students at

other sites• Or all may be on the same site but at different

times

• Technology bridges the time/location gap


Distance Education

• DE was originally developed to deliver instruction to remote, rural locations

• Today DE is used to deliver instruction at places and times most convenient to learners

• DE impacts teachers by• Offering flexible licensing renewal and/or

professional development opportunities even if not institution is nearby

• Changing the parameters of instruction – it is no longer bounded by classroom walls


Distance Education

• DE has impacted education by• Changing course offerings in higher

education• Encouraging the creation of virtual high

schools in many states• Supporting district-wide courses in virtual

classrooms• Providing instruction to homebound

students


Distance Education

• Started as correspondence courses • Readings and assignments were sent via

mail• Tests were proctored locally• Leaning was independent and isolated

• Radio and television, when invented, were added to enrich DE instruction

• Telephones added interaction between instructor and students


Distance Education

• Phone bridges added student-to-student interaction as well

• The PC and the Internet have advanced DE instruction by

• Adding interaction through email, conferences, and chats

• Offering live and recorded streaming audio and video to courses

• Including multimedia presentations to courses


Alternative Delivery

• The same methods and technology that made DE possible can be adapted to more traditional classrooms

• Alternative delivery of instruction enhances classroom instruction by

• Allowing master teachers or guest speakers to join classes via DE technologies

• Facilitating team teaching and cooperative learning across a district or beyond


Designing Instruction

• DE and alternative delivery of traditional instruction requires special design considerations

• Design adjustments include• A strategic instructional design that fully

articulates the course components and required technologies

• A well articulated lesson plan that anticipates and responds to contingencies


Designing Instruction

• Design adjustments include• Extended preparation of students for

participating in a distance environment• Well planned and articulated feedback

systems• Contingency plans for curriculum and

technical problems• Alternative, well defined and tested

evaluation processes


Support Technologies

Synchronous Support Technologies• Technologies that support instruction that

occurs at the same time• May be at different locations

Asynchronous Support Technologies• Technologies that support time-shifted

instruction• May be at the same or different locations



Synchronous Support Technologies• Telephone Technologies

• Speakerphones and audio conferencing equipment let a small group in one location communicate with others via phone

• Conference Calls allow people in multiple locations communicate

• Phone bridges let large groups communicate by calling into a single number



Synchronous Support Technologies• Video Conferencing

• Compressed video conferencing equipment can let rooms of people interact via broadband phone lines

• PC compressed video conferencing equipment and software allows individuals to participate

• District-wide systems connect students in schools in interactive video classrooms



Synchronous Support Technologies• Internet Chat

• Private chat rooms can be created in which invited students can interact with each other

• Chats may be text only or may include audio, visual, and video components

• Chats offer the potential to involve everyone in high quality, thoughtful interaction



Synchronous Support Technologies• Internet Classroom

• Internet meeting software can be used to create a virtual Internet classroom

• Classes engage in discussion, materials exchange, presentations, and testing

• Development time for creating an Internet class is significant but outcomes in terms of flexibility and innovation are worth the time



Asynchronous Support Technologies• Telephone Technologies

• Voicemail provides time-shifted communication

• Fax allows hard copy transmission of materials

• Email• Allows for teacher-student, student-student

communication



Asynchronous Support Technologies• Email

• Provides method for materials exchange through attachments

• Offer opportunity for thoughtful exchange by all participants

• Mailing Lists• Provides for automatic transfer of course

information and updates



Asynchronous Support Technologies• Electronic Conferencing

• Virtual bulletin boards that provide one-to-many communication support discussion

• Threads can be started by the teacher as an assignment or can be generated by students in a virtual study group

• Social learning and idea exchange is supported by this technology



Asynchronous Support Technologies• Class Web Sites

• Offer distance students a single virtual location for all course information, tools, and materials

• Also an alternative delivery enhancement to traditional courses

• Makes the course accessible at a time and place convenient to students


DE Tools and Technologies

Enhance traditional education by• Helping individualize instruction• Promoting interaction by and among all

students in a class• Enhancing and reinforcing independent

learning• Promoting student responsibility


DE and Alternative Learning Issues

• Teachers and/or students may not be ready for

• New roles and responsibilities• New technologies• New methods and materials

• Time demands related to planning and classroom management are increased

• Technical support is necessary but often not sufficiently anticipated or funded


DE and Alternative Learning Issues

• Instructional support typical of a traditional setting may be less or absent

• Still, DE has and is changing education by• Answering new demands on schools for

variety of courses• Effectively teaching and learning outside

defined physical spaces• Reinventing the idea of a classroom

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