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Allyn and Bacon 2005Teaching and Learning with Technology

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Teaching and Learning with Technology

Academic Software

Chapter 6



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Allyn and Bacon 2005Teaching and Learning with Technology Allyn and Bacon 2005

• Supports and enriches teaching and learning

• May include commercial or teacher-made software

• Costs vary so review and evaluate carefully

• Ranges from business to learning software

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Authoring Systems• Assist teachers in creating instructional

software• Academic software varies by

– Type of hardware required– Operating system necessary to run

them

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Authoring Systems• Hypermedia authoring systems help

teachers create linked electronic “cards” to teach specific concepts

• Web authoring systems help teachers create create multimedia software to use on a Web site

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Authoring Systems• Multimedia Authoring Systems

• Can create simple to sophisticated multimedia software

• Teachers can make customized reviews, tutorials, and lessons

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Desktop Publishing• Electronically design and

layout pages

• Create and arrange text, word art, and graphic objects

• May include a web authoring component

• Useful for creating handouts, transparency masters, etc.

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Graphics Software• Can create, capture, and/or

manipulate electronic images

• Most productivity software includes libraries of graphic images (clip art)

• Enables you to create or edit any type of digital images

Academic Software


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Paint Programs• Create and manipulate

digital pictures• Include tools such as pens

and brushes • Can be used for simple

enhancements or to create high-end digital artwork

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Draw Programs• Create and manipulate digital

drawings• Use layered, arranged

objects instead of paint tools to create sophisticated drawings

• Can create drawings, add objects that emphasize points, or create collages

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Imaging Software• Turns hard copy into digital

images• Packaged with scanners • With OCR features, can

convert hard copy into a word processed document

• Photo-styling software edits and manipulates scanned or digital photos

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Reference Software• Digital version of reference materials• Usually on CDs• Often stored in a hypermedia format

– Includes text, sound, animation, video, and graphics

– can be navigated via links

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Tutorial Software• Presents new material in an instructional

sequence• May be linear or use a hypermedia format• Typically includes feedback • Lets students proceed at their own rate• Not very interactive• May include classroom management

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Drill & Practice Software• Reinforces existing skills• Usually linear sequence

– Presents key points – Asks review questions

• Provides feedback and further review• May be called “drill & kill”—it’s repetitive• May include classroom management

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Educational Games• Present or review content in a game format• Solve mysteries by applying knowledge• Board/Card Game simulations

– superimpose content on traditional games

• Video games add content to arcade style• Some controversy exists

– Does gaming overwhelm instruction?

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Simulations• Present a virtual model of an environment• Provide safe way to experience reality• Examples include flying an airplane or

conducting a chemical experiment• Advantages over real experiences

– Opportunity to adjust speed– Safety

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Special Needs Software• Can target to specific learning disabilities• Sometimes used with assistive hardware

– Provides support for special needs learners

• Readers can read scanned or computer text aloud

• Speech synthesizers can turn spoken word into computer text

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Assistive Software and Hardware• Universal design offers material in

strongest learning mode for the individual student with or without special needs

• Can help with social/recreational interaction

• www.cec.sped.org: Excellent Resource for information on special needs

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Integrated Learning Systems• Provide instruction and/or remediation

– Addressed to target objectives

• May include tutorials, drill and practice, and classroom management

• Usually sold as a bundle • Difficult to fully implement in classroom

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Problem Solving Software• Helps students practice problem solving

skills• May be content-oriented or content-neutral• Offers opportunities to learn

– Doing – Test hypotheses– Discover strategies to solve problems

• In math and science, can test concepts taught

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Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI)• Originally CAI was drill and practice

software • Now, CAI includes software that

– Tutors, reviews, and/or provides feedback• Not to be confused with Computer Managed

Instruction (CMI) • May adjust content level based on

correctness of student responses

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Brainstorming or Concept Mapping Software

• Visually develops ideas and concepts

• Creates connections among ideas

• Encourages creativity and deeper understanding

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Brainstorming / Concept Mapping• You can easily

– Add and edit ideas– Organize ideas in relation to others– See the completed cohesive whole

concept • Generates visual digital maps of a

brainstorming session

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Academic Software in Teaching and Learning

• Many software choices and factors to be considered that teachers must make careful decisions

• Review and evaluation are critical steps before acquisition

• Software should address objectives • Support and enhance teaching

Academic Software

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