EMBARQ The World Resources Institute Center for Sustainable Transport

Claudia Adriazola – Steil Director, Health & Road Safety Program

U.S. Department of Transportation,

International Policy Council Meeting

April 18, 2013 – Washington, DC

Agenda

- Background

- Rationale: How Sustainable Urban Transport Can Save

Lives

- Strategy

- New indicators: incorporating public health

- Recent outcomes

The EMBARQ Network

14% in 1900

3% in 1800

30% in 1950

Over 50% in 2007

Meta-Trends affecting sustainable cities

The transition to an urban millennium

The Global Population

2011

1 billion

10 years later….

1 billion +1 billion

OMS Foto: RPP Noticias

2 million people

OMS

1.3 million people

BRT / Busways and Road Safety

Background

2004 1 Ischaemic heart disease

2 Cerebrovascular disease

3 Lower respiratory infections

4 Pulmonary disease

5 Diarrhoeal disease

6 HIV / AIDS

7 Tuberculosis

8 Lung cancers

9 TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS

10 Low birth weight

2030 1 Ischaemic heart disease

2 Cerebrovascular disease

3 Pulmonary disease

4 Lower respiratory infections

5 TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS

6 Lung cancers

7 Diabetes

8 Hypertensive heart disease

9 Stomach cancer

19 HIV / AIDS

Leading causes of premature death in the world:

90% of traffic fatalities occur in low and middle-income countries and

involve 70% of vulnerable users of the road

In cities, the majority of crashes are concentrated on urban arterials,

where BRTs and Busways are usually located

3.2 million people

Source: WHO

Agenda

- Background

- Rationale: How Sustainable Urban Transport Can Save

Lives

- Strategy

- New indicators: incorporating public health

- Recent outcomes

Sustainable Urban Transport and

Urban Development Can Save Lives

How? …..ASI!!!

avoid

shift

improve

avoid

shift

improve

Strategy

Avoid/Shift: Reduce driving (VMT) via high-

quality sustainable transport

Improve: Mainstream “road safety” into

sustainable transport policy & solutions

Sustainable Transport Saves Lives

Source: FHWA Highway Statistics, 2008 Regression Analysis: EMBARQ

U.S. states

R² = 0.69

-

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

10 20 30 40 50

Tra

ffic

fata

liti

es p

er

10

0,0

00

peo

ple

(

urb

an

ro

ad

s)

Daily VMT per person (urban roads)

8.4 fatalities per

million miles driven

Automobile dependent cities have more accidents

Cities of United States have 66% more deaths in traffic accidents per person than peer cities in Europe and Asia, and 123% more than Toronto

Accidentalidad

R2 = 0.5748

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000

Uso de Automóvil (Km por año por Persona)

Mu

ert

es e

n A

ccid

en

te d

e

Trá

nsit

o p

or

100, 000

Hab

itan

tes

Australia

EEUU

Toronto

Europa

Asia

Tendencia

Road Safety

Fa

tali

tie

s in

Ro

ad

Ac

cid

en

ts p

er

10

0,0

00

po

pu

lati

on

(1

99

0)

Automobile Use (Km/year per person)

Source: INDICATORS OF TRANSPORT EFFICIENCY IN 37 GLOBAL CITIES, Jeff Kenworthy, Felix Laube, Peter Newman and Paul Barter, World Bank, 1997

Increased transit use, walking and biking

Residents are more physically active

More destinations closer to transit

Lower car use

Lower speeds

URBAN DEVELOPMENT

Transit Oriented Development

avoid

shift

improve

BRT & ROAD SAFETY

Macrobús, Guadalajara

5000

3194

1 BRT lane

2 general traffic lanes

Passenger per hour per direction (peak)

6

726

1 BRT lane

2 general traffic lanes

Crashes per year

Guadalajara: introduction of BRT reduced traffic crashes on the corridor

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

0

50

100

150

200

250

Month

ly c

ityw

ide c

rashes (

exclu

din

g t

he B

RT

corr

idor)

Month

ly c

rashes o

n t

he B

RT

corr

idor

Citywide crashes

Crashes on the BRT corridor

Before BRT

During BRT

construction During BRT operation

More bikers means safer biking

0.8

0.85

0.9

0.95

1

1.05

1.1

1.15

1.2

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Cycling volumes (million km)

Cyclist injuries and

fatalities per million km

Cycling volumes and cycling risk in Copenhagen, 1998 – 2009

(Source: computed from data provided by Consia Consultants)

More bikers means safer biking

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Cycling commuting indicator

Cycling risk indicator

Comparison of cycling commuting indicator and cycling risk in New York

City (Source: New York City Department of Transportation, or NYC DOT)

The cycling commuting indicator is a measure of the change in cycling

commuter volumes, using 2000 as a base year (i.e. the indicator is equal

to 100 in the year 2000). The cycling risk indicator is a ratio of cycling

injuries to cyclist commuters. Both indicators were developed by New York

City DOT.

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Bicycle commuters

Cycling risk indicator

Bicycle commuters and cycling risk in Minneapolis MN (source: computed

from data provided by the Minneapolis Public Works Department)

The cycling risk indicator is calculated as a ratio of reported bicyclist

crashes to bicyclist commuters

avoid

shift

improve

Safety issues on curbside bus corridors

Pedestrians and cyclists in the bus lanes

Av. Caracas, TransMilenio

Metrobus Line 2, Mexico City

The global picture of safety on BRT and Busways

Cyclists using the bus lanes

Av. Caracas, TransMilenio

Metrobus Line 2, Mexico City

Cyclists perceive the bus lanes as safer than the general traffic lanes, and

often prefer to use them

But the lanes are not designed to accommodate both buses and bicycles, and

there have been serious crashes involving BRTs and bikes

Metrobus, in Mexico City, has reported a growing problem with BRT / bicycle

crashes

Mexico City Guadalajara

Bogota Curitiba

Porto Alegre

Istanbul

Delhi

Ahmedabad

Vancouver

Brisbane

Belo Horizonte Pereira Cali

Global research

HEALTH & ROAD SAFETY

BRT and Road Safety

Jinan?

HEALTH & ROAD SAFETY

Road Safety Audits

Intersection in Brazil

Recommended redesign from a road

safety audit

Another problem: Left turns across BRT lanes are dangerous

• This is one of the most frequent crash types involving BRT

Solution: Eliminating left turns on major streets

• vehicles can make loops after intersections in order to reach their destinations

• eliminating left turns can reduce crashes at one intersection by 30% or more

BRT Safety Design Guidelines

HEALTH & ROAD SAFETY

BRT and Road Safety

Agenda

- Background

- Rationale: Sustainable Urban Transport Save Lives

- Strategy

- New indicators: incorporating public health

- Recent outcomes

2010 - 2011

Strategy

Do-thank

Think -thank

Policy

Capacity building

Strategy

Policy is not enough

and neither are

demonstration

projects, pieces of

research or isolated

capacity building.

The key is to

combine the four.

Agenda

- Background

- Rationale: How Sustainable Urban Transport Can Save

Lives

- Strategy

- New indicators: incorporating public health

- Recent outcomes

Traditional performance indicators - Number of passengers per day - Time saved in commutes - Public investment - Private investment - Others

Cheonggyecheon River, Seuol, South Korea

Indicadores tradicionales - Number of passengers per day - Time saved in commutes - Public investment - Private investment - Others

Public health indicators - Number of deaths and injuries in traffic crashes - Physical activitity levels - Health exposure to air pollution levels

Urban renewal project

Cheonggyecheon River, Seoul, South Korea

Agenda

- Background

- Rationale: How Sustainable Urban Transport Can Save

Lives

- Strategy

- New indicators: incorporating public health

- Recent outcomes

Mexico City is world’s third largest

metropolitan area

EMBARQ has helped it develop a

BRT system that now carries

700,000 passengers per day

EMBARQ has since worked with

other cities as well, Guadalajara,

Chihuahua, Leon, Mexicali, etc.

MEXICO CITY

Metrobus System

EMBARQ Photo

EMBARQ is now advising Mexico’s national infrastructure fund on how to

direct investment to transportation projects

MEXICO

National Policy

INDIA

Improving public transport

EMBARQ works with Indian cities to

set up public transport agencies, and

help them implement and operate

public transport systems

EMBARQ helped in the

development and implementation of

Ahmedabad’s Janmarg BRT

In Jaipur, EMBARQ helped set up a

bus operating agency and is

advising them on bus operations

Ensuring high quality for over 500

km of BRT to be built in Brazil in

anticipation of the Olympics and

the World Cup

Conducting road safety audits

and inspections

BRAZIL

Improving quality in public transport

Photo by Jefferson Bernardes

TURKEY

Historic Peninsula Pedestrianized

Over 200 streets open

for pedestrians only –

UNESCO World

Heritage Site

EMBARQ Turkey was

also involved in the

Metrobus BRT project in

Istanbul

Recent work has

focused on biking

infrastructure Photo by Clayton Lane

WHO most polluted cities

72% emissions = transport

AREQUIPA

Historic Center Pedestrianized

Air quality

Health

Quality of Life

Photo by Clayton Lane

CTSS-Andino Photo

WHO adopts sustainable

transport & urban

development in “Decade of

Action for Road Safety” and

2013 Global Status Report

on Road Safety

EMBARQ introduced

concepts

Legitimizes sustainable

transport as health strategy

HEALTH & ROAD SAFETY

International Policy

Claudia Adriazola EMBARQ Health & Road Safety Manager

World Resources Institute

+1.202.729.7728

cadriazola@wri.org

EMBARQ.org

Questions? Comments? Contact us at embarq@wri.org

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