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TRANSCRIPT
C h a p t e r
26
The Urinary System
PowerPoint® Lecture Slides
prepared by Jason LaPres
North Harris College
Houston, Texas
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.,
publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Introduction
The urinary system includes the kidneys, the ureters, the
urinary bladder, and the urethra.
Performs vital excretory functions:
Regulating plasma concentrations of ions
Regulating blood volume and blood pressure by adjusting
the volume of water lost in the urine, releasing
erythropoietin, and releasing renin
Contributing to the stabilization of blood pH
Conserving valuable nutrients
Eliminating organic waste products
Synthesizing calcitriol.
Assisting the liver in detoxifying poisons
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The Kidneys
Urine-producing organ of the urinary system
Two kidneys in the retroperitoneal area
Left kidney is higher than the right kidney
Contain millions of tiny nephrons
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The Kidneys
Figure 26.1a An Introduction to the Urinary System (a) Anterior View
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The Kidneys
Figure 26.1b An Introduction to the Urinary System: (a) Posterior View
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The Kidneys
Figure 26.1c An Introduction to the Urinary System: (c) Transverse Section at L1
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The Kidneys
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Figure 26.1d An Introduction to the Urinary System: (d) Transverse Section at T12
The Kidneys
Figure 26.2 The Urinary System in Gross Dissection
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The Kidneys
Figure 26.3a Structure of the Kidney: (a) Frontal Section of Left Kidney, Anterior View
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The Kidneys
Figure 26.3b, c Structure of the Kidney: (b) Calyces and Renal Pelvis; (c) Urogram
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The Kidneys
Figure 26.4a Blood Supply to the Kidneys, (a) Frontal Section
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The Kidneys
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Figure 26.4b Blood Supply to the Kidneys, (b) Cortical Circulation
The Kidneys
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Figure 26.4c Blood Supply to the Kidneys, (c) Flowchart of Renal Ciriulation
The Kidneys
Figure 26.5 Renal Vessels and Blood Flow
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The Kidneys
Figure 26.6 A Typical Nephron
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The Kidneys
Figure 26.7a, b Histology of the Nephron,
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The Kidneys
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Figure 26.7a, c Histology of the Nephron,
The Kidneys
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Figure 26.7a, d Histology of the Nephron,
The Kidneys
Figure 26.7e, f Histology of the Nephron
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The Kidneys
Figure 26.8a, c The Renal Corpuscle
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The Kidneys
Figure 26.8b The Renal Corpuscle
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The Kidneys
Figure 26.8d The Renal Corpuscle
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The Kidneys
Figure 26.8e The Renal Corpuscle
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The Kidneys
Figure 26.9a Images of the Urinary System: (a) Color-Enhanced CT Scan
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The Kidneys
Figure 26.9b Images of the Urinary System: (b) Renal Angiogram
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The Kidneys
Figure 26.12 Histology of a Renal Glomerulus of a Patient with a Condition Similar to Danni’s.
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Structures for Urine Transport, Storage, and
Elimination
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra
There are significant differences between the male and female urethra.
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Figure 26.9c Images of the Urinary System (c) Normal Pyelogram
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Structures for Urine Transport, Storage, and
Elimination
M
Figure 26.10a Organs Responsible for the Conduction and Storage of Urine: (a) Male Pelvis, Sagittal Section
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Structures for Urine Transport, Storage, and
Elimination
M
Figure 26.10b Organs Responsible for the Conduction and Storage of Urine: (b) Female Pelvis, Sagittal Section
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Structures for Urine Transport, Storage, and
Elimination
M
Figure 26.10c, d Organs Responsible for the Conduction and Storage of Urine: (c) Male Bladder, Anterior View; (d) Male Bladder, Posterior View
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Structures for Urine Transport, Storage, and
Elimination
M
Figure 26.11 Histology of the Collecting and Transport Organs
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Structures for Urine Transport, Storage, and
Elimination
Aging and the Urinary System
A decline in the number of functional nephrons
A reduction in glomerular filtration
Reduced sensitivity to ADH
Problems with the micturition reflex related to the
following factors:
Loss of tone in sphincter muscles leading to incontinence
Strokes, Alzheimer’s disease, or other CNS problems
impair ability to control micturition
Urinary retention may develop in men whose prostrate
glands are enlarged
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