INTRODUCTION

Green Building

What is a Green Building? A Green Building, also known as a sustainable building, is a structure

that is designed, built, renovated, operated, or re-used in an ecological and resource efficient manner.

Sustainable development is maintaining a delicate balance

between the human need to improve lifestyles and feeling of well-being on one hand, and preserving natural resources and ecosystems, on which we & future generations depend

Objectives of a green building:

• Protecting occupant health• Improving employee productivity• Using energy, water and other resources more efficiently • Reducing overall impact to the environment• Optimal environmental and economic performance• Satisfying and quality indoor spaces

INTRODUCTION

Green Building

Benefits of Green Buildings

Environmental Benefits• Reduce the impacts of natural resource consumption

Economic Benefits• Reduced operating costs• Marketing advantages• Increased building valuation• Optimizes life-cycle performance cost

Health and Safety Benefits • Enhance occupant comfort and health

Community Benefits• Minimize strain on local infrastructure and improve quality of

life

INTRODUCTION

Green Building

Considerations of a green building:

• Control erosion to reduce negative impacts on water and air quality

• Reduce pollution and land development impacts from automobile use

• Limit disruption of natural water hydrology by reducing impervious cover, increasing on-site infiltration and managing storm water run-off

• Encourage and recognize increasing levels of self supply through renewable technologies to reduce environmental impacts associated with fossil fuel energy use

• Provide a high level of individual occupant control of ventilation and lighting systems to support good health, better productivity and a comfortable atmosphere

• Provide a connection between indoor spaces and outdoor environment through the introduction of sunlight and views into the occupied areas of the building

INTRODUCTION

Green Building

• Sustainable site planning with bioclimatic architectural planning• Incorporate solar passive techniques in a building design to

minimize load on conventional systems• Design energy efficient lighting and HVAC (heating, ventilation,

and air conditioning) system• Use low energy and renewable materials• Choose construction materials and interior finishes products with

zero or low emissions to improve indoor air quality• Use dimensional planning and other material efficiency strategies• Design for a gray water system that recovers rain water for site

irrigation and a dual plumbing system for use of recycled water for toilet flushing

• Use re-circulating systems for centralized hot water distribution

How to make a building green:

INTRODUCTION

Green Building

Building design• Orientation• Building insulation (walls of AEC block and roof with over deck insulation

and roof lawn)• Window sizing• Window shading (fixed overhangs)• Glass selection (with low thermal conductivity, low shading co-efficient

and high light transmission) Envelope efficiency measures contributed to 12% savings over base case

System design• Energy efficient lighting (CFLs , efficient tubelights and electronic

ballasts)• Daylight sensing (90% lighting energy savings)• Efficient chillers, Variable air volume systems.• Wind towers for pre cooling of fresh air. Lighting efficiency measures contributed to 15% savings over base case

and HVAC efficiency measures contributed 20% savings over base case

INTRODUCTION

Green Building

Use efficient systems and controls

• Lighting systems (CFLs, T-5 fluorescent lamps, LEDs, efficient ballasts, etc)

• HVAC systems (Properly sized plants, efficient chillers, VAV based air handling systems, economizers, variable speed drives for pumps, chillers and fans etc.)

• Water heating systems (solar assisted water heating systems, efficient boilers etc)

• Energy management and control system

INTRODUCTION

Green Building

High Efficiency Pumps

High EfficiencyAHUs, FCUs

High Efficiency Cooling Towers

High EfficiencyChillers

Reduced HVAC

requirements

Reduced Energy

requirements

High EfficiencyWater Heating

Reduced Lighting requirements

Building Envelope

design

Sensors, Controls

Daylighting

High Performance Glazing

Insulation

Passive Systems

High Efficiency Lamps, Ballasts,

Luminaires

Controls:Enthalpy control,

Economizer, Reheat by Steam

Occupancy Load,Equipment Schedule

Whole building energy optimization

INTRODUCTION

Green Building

High Efficiency Pumps

High EfficiencyAHUs, FCUs

High Efficiency Cooling Towers

High EfficiencyChillers

HVAC requirementsHAP 4.05

Energy requirements

VisDOE 3.1

High EfficiencyWater Heating

Lighting requirements

Lumen Designer

Building Envelope

design

Sensors, Controls

Daylighting(Adeline)

High Performance Glazing (Window 5.0)

Insulation

Passive Systems(CFD,Suntect etc)

High Efficiency Lamps, Ballasts,

Luminaires

Controls:Enthalpy control,

Economizer, Reheat by Steam

Occupancy Load,Equipment Schedule

Whole building energy optimization

INTRODUCTION

Green Building

Whole designWhole design

HVAC design

Lighting design

Water system design

Architectural design/Site planning

Energy management and control design

INTRODUCTION

Green Building

Architectural design & Site planning

INTRODUCTION

Green Building

Bioclimatic architectural principles• Orientation• Thermal mass• Surface to volume ratio• Positioning of windows , shading• Selection of materials for wall , roof, windows, including insulation• LandscapingBuildings in hot climate…• Orientation to cut off sun protected insulated windows external wall

insulation• Lower surface to volume, Lighter finishes, Water as landscape elementBuildings in cold climate…• Large windows to capture sun• Thermal mass to store heat• Minimum Shading• Insulated walls and windows• Darker finishes• Well protected north

INTRODUCTION

Green Building

Effect of orientation on cooling load

• North – south orientation would reduce cooling loads by 1.5%

Effect of efficient materials • Roof and wall insulation reduced cooling load by 23• Insulated windows reduced cooling load by 9% (window to wall ratio

7%)

Use onsite sources and sinks• Day lighting• Earth cooling• Natural Ventilation (night cooling)

Earth cooling• Earth cooling has helped do away with conventional space cooling and

heating techniques for about 8 months a year

INTRODUCTION

Green Building

Lighting Design

INTRODUCTION

Green Building

The passive solar practice of placing windows, or other transparentmedia, and reflective surfaces so that, during the day, natural sunlight provides effective internal illumination.

• Use of effective solar control strategies (overhangs) and high performance glazings limit associated solar gains.

• Achieving this daylight credit will likely increase energy savings in the Energy and Atmosphere credits. This is largely due to savings in the electric lighting that results from well daylit spaces.

• Daylighting strategies can have synergies with other energy efficiency strategies such as displacement ventilation.

• Minimize site lighting where possible • Full cutoff-luminaries • Low-reflectance surfaces • Low-angle spotlights

INTRODUCTION

Green Building

Water System design

INTRODUCTION

Green Building

Reduce potable water consumption for landscape by 50% over a theoretical baseline design for the specific region.Successful Strategies:• Drought tolerant plants • Drip irrigation, moisture-sensing irrigation technologies • Recycled rainwater system • Municipally-provided non-potable water source use

Water Use Reduction, 20% and 30% ReductionSuccessful Strategies:• Dual flush water closets • Ultra low-flow water closets and urinals • Waterless Urinals • Sensor-operated, Low-flow lavatories • Rainwater collection reuse systems • Graywater reuse systems

Landscaping & Water use reduction

INTRODUCTION

Green Building

Energy management system

INTRODUCTION

Green Building

• Photovoltaic (Solar electric) is a device which produce free electrons

when exposed to light resulting in power generation.

• Photovoltaic does not release any of the green house gases when in use.

• Photovoltaic uses a non-conventional, renewable source of energy which has no adverse effects on the environment.

• 23 kW solar photovoltaic system 55% energy savings over base building

Photovoltaic

INTRODUCTION

Green Building

Photovoltaic Applications

Flat Roofs

Facades

Roof TopAtria & Skylight

Shading Elements

INTRODUCTION

Green Building

• Replace asphalt with concrete where possible • Plant trees in vegetation strips around parking lots or sidewalks. • Consolidate parking into a parking garage • Bioswales • Filtration basins (filters) • Detention Ponds / Retention Ponds • Vegetated filter strips • Pervious paving • Vegetated/Garden Roofs • Energy Star rated roofing systems • High reflectivity coatings

Sustainability at Site

INTRODUCTION

Green Building

Heat, Ventilation & Air conditioning

INTRODUCTION

Green Building

The main purpose of commercial HVAC (Heat, Ventilation & Air conditioning) systems is to provide the people working inside the building with “conditioned “ air .

"Conditioned" air means that air is clean and odor-free, andthe temperature, humidity, and movement of the air are within certain comfort ranges• Systems may be clustered at a central location and

serve an entire campus of buildings• Locate system away from acoustically sensitive areas of

the building• Selecting efficient air conditioning based on your

climate.• Selecting the proper type of and efficient heating

system for your climate• Designing and sealing air distribution systems properly.

INTRODUCTION

Green Building

• Replace CFC-based refrigerant. • Consider non-refrigerant based cooling such as evaporative

cooling in dryer climates. • Consider photovoltaic, solar thermal, geothermal, wind, biomass,

and bio-gas energy technologies • Sophisticated Electrical Management Systems, Building

Automation Systems or Direct Digital Control systems inherently include most of the required monitoring points.

• Combine carbon dioxide monitors with demand based ventilation. • Include carbon dioxide sensor points in BAS/DDC for system

design automation. • Consider adjustable underfloor air diffusers, or thermostat

controlled VAV boxes. • Operable windows can be used in lieu of comfort controls for

occupants of areas that are 20 feet inside of and 10 feet to either side of the operable part of the window

INTRODUCTION

Green Building

The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) has established standardswhich outline air quality for indoor comfort conditions that are acceptable to 80% or more of a commercial building's occupants. Generally, these indoor comfort conditions, sometimes called the "comfort zone," are between 68 degreesF and 75 degrees F for winter and 73 degrees F to 79 degrees F during the summer. Both these temperature ranges are for room air at approximately 50% relative humidity and moving at velocity of 30 feet per minute or slower

INTRODUCTION

Green Building

Renewable energy systemsOptimize energy performance

• Use of integrated building and system design process yields a savings of up to 50-60% over conventionally designed buildings.

• Efficiency measures typically payback in 1-3 year time

INTRODUCTION

Green Building

Composite Commercial Building in 2020

• Solid state lighting integrated into hybrid solar daylighting systems

• Smart windows • Photovoltaic roof shingles,

walls, and awnings• Solar heating and

superinsulation• Combined heat and

power-gas turbines and fuel cells

• Intelligent building systems

INTRODUCTION

Green Building

Commercial Buildings

• End uses requiring the greatest energy are lighting, space heating, space cooling, and office equipment.

Absorption-based

chillers and heat pumps

High-efficiency

office lighting

Primary Energy Consumption, 2002

Source: Table A5. Residential Sector Key Indicators and Consumption, Energy Information Administration's Annual Energy Outlook 2004