green building design for sustainable urban habitats
DESCRIPTION
Presentation was given by Dr N Sai Bhaskar Reddy at Dr MCR HRD IAP for Officer traineesTRANSCRIPT
Sustainable Habitat Management for Clean Development
20 – 22 Nov 2012CCCEA, Dr. MCR Human Resource Development
Institute of AP, Hyderabad
Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar ReddyChief Executive Officer [CEO],
GEOECOLOGY ENERGY ORGANISATION [GEO]
http://e-geo.org
28 Ju
ne ‘1
220
-11-
2012
Green Building Design for Sustainable Urban Habitats
All these efforts are straining the limits of the Earth’s “carrying capacity”— its ability to provide the resources required to sustain life while retaining the capacity to regenerate and remain viable.
•incalculable technological achievements
•population growth
•corresponding increases in resource use
Since the Industrial Revolution the world
has witnessed
pollution landfills toxic waste global warmingResourcedepletion
ozone depletion deforestation
SIDE EFFECTS ARE
Sustainability
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs
(The Brundtland Commission,1987)
Unit: tonnes/cap-yr
+0
6
5.1Breath
Excreta
Solid waste 0.1
0.8
Total neolithic* human material consumption
Unit: tonnes/cap-yr
Total modern* human material consumption
+6
89
19Offgas
Sewage
Solid waste 3
61
The Kuznets Curve (adopted, notably by the World Bank)
Envi
ronm
enta
l deg
rada
tion
(bur
den)
Economic growth
Pollution, rapidly increasing GHG emissions, health problems, widespread habitat destruction, permanent damage
to natural capital
Environmental awareness, political action, policy formulation and implementation, national and global sustainable development commitments.
Materialization Dematerialization
Global Climate Change and Urbanization Part I
1900
15% urban
2000
~50% urban
Approaches to energy efficient housing• Vernacular approach to design (passive architecture, local
materials, use of local labor): Low income/low cost housing and mass housing programmes of the government; certain pockets in India (Kerala and Auroville)
• Adoption of Energy conservation building code in envelope design, labelled appliances for households; particularly applicable to middle and high income group housing
• Green rated housing : Energy and resource efficiency looked at holistically in addition to indoor environmental quality and societal issues
Use of low embodied energy technologies for housing
Excellent ventilation
Orientation and shading as per solar geometry
Courtyard design and use of mature tree for shading Design for daytime and nighttime use
Works of Charles Correa : Architectural expressions with dominance of natural climate
control measures
Sustainability and the Construction Industry
'Sustainability' is becoming a central concern for us all out of wider recognition that rising populations and economic development are threatening the degradation of the earth's resources.
The construction, maintenance and use of buildings impacts substantially on our environment and is currently contributing significantly to irreversible changes in the world's climate, atmosphere and ecosystem.
Buildings are by far the greatest producers of harmful gases such as CO2 and this 'eco-footprint' can only increase with the large population growth predicted to occur by 2050 and the industrialization of the developing world.
How the Construction Industry can move towards Sustainable Development
– Energy: reducing energy consumption, being more energy efficient and using renewable energy and 'alternative technology'.
– Materials: Choosing, using, re-using and recycling materials during design, manufacture, construction and maintenance to reduce resource requirements.
– Waste: Producing less waste and recycling more.– Pollution: Producing less toxicity, water, noise and
spatial pollution.
Aspects of building material adoption
Natural
Social
Economical
Political
Cultural
Historical
Environmental
Construction
Population Vegetation
Air Quality Climate
Transportation Watersheds
1/6 of the world’s freshwater withdrawals
1/4 of world’s wood harvest
2/5 of world’s material & energy flows
Building Industry- Facts
50
40
40
35
30
25
16
0 10 20 30 40 50
Percentage
Ozone depleting CFCs in Use
Municipal Solid Waste to Landfills
Global Energy Use
Global CO2 Emissions
Raw Materials Consumption
Timber Harvest
Fresh Water Withdrawals
Environmental and Economic Impacts of Buildings
Compiled from:Worldwatch Paper #124
Application of Sustainability
Pre-Design On-Site Design Construction O&M
Material Selection
Building Program
Project Budget
Team Selection
Partnering
Project Schedule
Laws, Codes
& Standards
Research
Site Selection
Site Analysis
& Assessment
Site Development
& Layout
Watershed
Management &
Conservation
Site Material
& Equipment
Environmentally
Conscious
Construction
Preservation of
Features &
Vegetation
Waste Mgmt
IAQ Issues
Source Control
Practices
Passive Solar
Design
Materials &
Specification
Indoor Air
Quality
Maintenance Plans
Indoor Quality
Energy Efficiency
Resource Efficiency
Renovation
Housekeeping &
Custodial Practices
How does the Construction Industry consume Energy?
• Consider the 'embodied' energy in every brick in everystructure. Every brick has used energy at every stage in itsproduction and use.• Energy is consumed when:– Extracting raw materials.– Producing materials (Manufacturing process).– Transporting materials.– Transporting workforce.– Building structures.– Using and powering structures.– Maintaining structures and demolishing structures.
Materials
• Around 50% of all global resources go into the constructionindustry, with a specific example being that 70% of all timberis used for building.• It is therefore very important that a sustainable approach tochoosing and using materials is adopted.• The environmental and economic benefits of sustainability areinherently linked when considering building materials, due tothe long-term financial advantages of recycling, using recycledproducts and sourcing heavy materials locally.• Life-Cycle Assessment, Eco-Labelling and Embodied EnergyAudits all of which can help choosing materials and assess thebalance between short-term costs and long-termenvironmental, social and financial benefits.
How to Choose and Use Materials in a more Sustainable way
• Considerations to take into account when re-evaluating the way in which materialsare used in construction:– What reserves are left of our materials, and how can their completesuccessive depletion be prevented?– What are the pollution impacts of the manufacturing process involved withcreating new materials?– How can existing materials be recycled (roof tiles, bricks, timber, etc.) and canthey be designed and used in a way more conducive to re-use?– How much energy is consumed in the transport of materials? (try sourcingheavy, bulky materials locally and lightweight materials globally).– Can more prefabricated components be used? (reduces waste and dust onsite).– How can more low maintenance materials be used in order to reduce furtherenergy and resource use in the future of the building?
Indian vernacular architecture
Is the informal, functional architecture of structures, often in rural areas, of India, built of local materials and designed to meet the needs of the local people. The builders of these structures are unschooled in formal architectural design and their work reflects the rich diversity of India's climate, locally available building materials, and the intricate variations in local social customs and craftsmanship. It has been estimated that worldwide close to 90% of all building is vernacular, meaning that it is for daily use for ordinary, local people and built by local craftsmen.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_vernacular_architecture
Indoor environment
Building indoor environment covers the environmental aspects in the design, analysis, and operation of energy-efficient, healthy, and comfortable buildings. Fields of specialization include
architecture,
HVAC design,
thermal comfort,
indoor air quality (IAQ),
Environmental Condition(s) Symptoms • Ergonomic Conditions • Headache • Noise and Vibration • Fatigue • Poor Concentration • Dizziness • Tiredness • Headache with nausea • Ringing in ears • Pounding heart • Relative Humidity • Dry throat • Shortness of breath or bronchial asthma • Irritation and infection of respiratory tract • Relative Humidity • Nasal problems (stuffiness, irritation) • High Temperatures
• Warm Air • Skin problems (dryness, irritation, rashes)
• Low Relative Humidity • Excessive Air Movement • Artificial Light • Eye problems (burning, dry gritty eye)
INDOOR AIR
CONCERNS
Most people spend at
least half of their lives indoors.
Indoor air can be more
harmful than
outdoor air.
Poor indoor air quality can cause
respiratory problems.
Poor indoor air quality
can be more
harmful for children .
Sources of Indoor Pollutants
Based on Specific Building
Combustion activity Furniture Chemical
Building materials Food Water
Smoking activity
Outdoor air pollution
Sick building syndrome
Condition associated with complaints of discomfort including headache; nausea; dizziness; dermatitis; eye, nose, throat, and respiratory irritation; coughing; difficulty concentrating; sensitivity to odors; muscle pain; and fatigue.
Sick building
syndrome
The specific causes of the symptoms are often not
known but sometimes are attributed to the effects of a
combination of substances or individual susceptibility
to low concentrations of contaminants.Th
e sym
ptoms a
re as
socia
ted w
ith per
iods of
occupan
cy an
d often disa
ppear a
fter th
e worke
r leav
es
the w
orksite
.
Cause of SBS
Inadequate ventilation 52%
Contamination from inside
building 16%
Contamination from outside building 10%
Microbial contamination
5%
Contamination from building
fabric 4%
Unknown sources 13%
Thermal Comfort
Personal factors (health, psychology,
sociology & situational factors)
Air temperature
Mean radiant temperature
Air movement / velocity (see
wind chill factor)
Relative humidity (see also
perspiration)
Insulative clothing
Activity levels.
GRIHA
GRIHA – green building ‘design evaluation system’– A tool to design, operate, evaluate and
maintain resource efficient ‘healthy’ and ‘intelligent’ building
Natural Lighting
Heat
Acoustics
Acoustics is the interdisciplinary science that deals with the study of all mechanical waves in gases, liquids, and solids including vibration, sound, ultrasound and infrasound. A scientist who works in the field of acoustics is an acoustician while someone working in the field of acoustics technology may be called an acoustical engineer. The application of acoustics can be seen in almost all aspects of modern society with the most obvious being the audio and noise control industries.
How to Control/ EliminateIndoor Air Pollutants
Don’t Smoke inside the
home.
Pay attention to housekeeping.
Check combustion appliances.
Test your home for Radon
Have furnace, flues, chimney inspected and
cleaned
Never run your car inside an
attached garage
Never use unvented space heaters/ gas logs
Install a carbon monoxide detector
in your home
Reduce Carbon Monoxide Potential
Repair leaks and drips
Check to be sure clothes dryer vented to outside
Move water from gutters and downspouts away from house
Use ventilating fan in kitchen and bathroom
No water in crawl space
Control Moisture In and Around the Home
MOULDSare fungi that grow in the form of multicellular filaments called hyphae.
HIGH INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS
FOUND IN NASAL FLUIDS OF PERSONS IN DAMP BUILDINGS
MITES, BACTERIA, MOLDS, ENDOTOXINS ALL CONTRIBUTE
MINIMIZED BY HUMIDITY & MOISTURE CONTROL IN BUILDINGS
RADON
INDOOR AIR POLLUTION: RADON
• In 1990 EPA placed indoor air pollution at the top of the list of 18 sources of cancer risk
• Indoor pollution is rated by risk analysis scientists as high-risk health problem for humans
• Radon is one of the three most dangerous indoor air pollutants, along with cigarette smoke and formaldehyde
• Radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer, after smoking
• Nearly 1 in 15 homes in the U.S. has high level of indoor radon• Homes with high radon level can be fixed
INDOOR AIR POLLUTION: RADONA. Cracks in concrete slabsB. Spaces behind brick wallsC. Pores and cracks in concrete
blocksD. Floor wall jointsE. Exposed soil as in a sumpF. Weeping tile, if drained to open
sumpG. Mortar jointsH. Loose fitting pipe penetrationsI. Open tops of block wallsJ. Building materials such as some
rocksK. Water, from some wells
INDOOR AIR POLLUTION: RADONRadon Resistant-Construction Techniques
A. Gas Permeable LayerB. Plastic SheetingC. Sealing and CaulkingD. Vent PipeE. Junction Box
Other radon reduction techniques include sealing, home/room pressurization, heat recovery ventilation and natural ventilation.
Bone
Brick pieces
Pottaryshards
Biochar /Charcoal
Slag
Quartz
Soil
Pottaryshards
Slag
Shell
LIME MORTAR
TAPPING NITROGEN FROM URINE OF ANIMALS AND PEOPLE USING BIOCHAR
BIOCHAR URINALS
OTHER BIOCHAR APPLICATIONS
BIOCHAR BRICKS, GREEN BUILDINGS
WAT E R – L E S S P L A N T S
TRAD
ITIO
NAL
HO
USE
References
• http://icmr.nic.in/bumay01.pdf• http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/file
s/who%20guidelines%20for%20indoor%20air%20pollution.pdf
• http://www.slideshare.net/saibhaskar/climate-change-and-green-buildings
• http://....
Thank you