Green Building – Guidebook for Sustainable Architecture

ISBN 978-3-642-00634-0 e-ISBN 978-3-642-00635-7DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-00635-7Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York

Library of Congress Control Number: 2009938435

Original German edition published by Callwey Verlag, Munich, 2007© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprin-ting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copy-right Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law.The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

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Prof. Dr. Michael Bauer Peter MösleDr. Michael Schwarz

Drees & Sommer Advanced Building Technologies GmbHObere Waldplätze 1170569 StuttgartGermany

info.green-building@dreso.com

By Michael Bauer, Peter Mösle and Michael Schwarz

Green Building – Guidebook for Sustainable Architecture

Table of Contents

The Motivation behind the Green Building Idea

Increased Public Focus on Sustainability and Energy Efficiency 10Supportive Framework and General Conditions 12

CO2 Emission Trade 13Rating Systems for Sustainable Buildings 15

An integrated View of Green Buildings – Life Cycle Engineering 20

Green Building Requirements

B1 Sustainable Design 24Perceived Use defines the Concept 25Relationship between Level of Well-Being

and healthy Indoor Climate 26Relationship between Comfort Level and Performance Ability 27Operative Indoor Temperature in Occupied Rooms 28Operative Temperature in Atria 30Indoor Humidity 32Air Velocity and Draught Risk 34Clothing and Activity Level 35Visual Comfort 36Acoustics 40Air Quality 42Electromagnetic Compatibility 45

Individualized Indoor Climate Control 47

B2 Conscientious Handling of Resources 50Energy Benchmarks as Target Values for Design 51Fossils and Regenerative Energy Resources 52

Today’s Energy Benchmark – Primary Energy Demand for Indoor Climate Conditioning 53Heating Energy Demand 54Energy Demand for Water Heating 55Cooling Energy Demand 56Electricity Demand for Air Transport 57Electricity Demand for Artificial Lighting 58

Future Energy Benchmark – Primary Energy Demand over the Life Cycle of a Building 59Cumulative Primary Energy Demand of Building Materials 60Primary Energy Demand – Use-related 61

Water Requirements 62

A B

Design, Construction, Commissioning and Monitoring for Green Buildings

C1 Buildings 66Climate 67Urban Development and Infrastructure 69Building Shape and Orientation 71Building Envelope 74

Heat Insulation and Building Density 74Solar Protection 80Glare Protection 85Daylight Utilization 86Noise Protection 88Façade Construction Quality Management 90

Building Materials and Furnishings 92Indoor Acoustics 94Smart Materials 97

Natural Resources 100Innovative Tools 105

C2 Building Services Engineering 108Benefits Delivery 109

Concepti and Evaluation of Indoor Climate Control Systems 110Heating 112Cooling 113Ventilation 114

Energy Generation 120Trigeneration or Trigen Systems (CCHP) 121Solar Energy 124Wind Energy 126Geothermics 127Biomass 128

C3 Commissioning 130Sustainable Building Procedure Requirements 131Blower Door Test – Proof of Air-Tightness 132Thermography – Proof of Thermal Insulation and Evidence of Active Systems 133Proof of Indoor Comfort 134Air Quality 135Noise Protection 136Daylight Performance and Nonglaring 137Emulation 138

C4 Monitoring and Energy Management 140

A closer Look – Green Buildings in Detail

D1 Dockland Building in Hamburg 146Interview with the Architect Hadi Teherani of BRT Architects, Hamburg 147Interview with Christian Fleck, Client, Robert Vogel GmbH & Co. KG 149Highly transparent and yet sustainable 150

D2 SOKA Building in Wiesbaden 154Excerpts from the Book titled »SOKA Building« by Prof. Thomas Herzog

and Hanns Jörg Schrade of Herzog und Partner, Munich 155Interview with Peter Kippenberg, Board Member of SOKA Construction 156Robust and Energy-Efficient 158Optimizing Operations – Total Energy Balance for 2005:

Heat, Cooling, Electricity 159

D3 KSK Tuebingen 160Interview with Prof. Fritz Auer of Auer + Weber + Associates, Architects 161Transparently Ecological 163

D4 LBBW Stuttgart 166Interview with the Architect Wolfram Wöhr of W. Wöhr – Jörg Mieslinger

Architects, Munich, Stuttgart 167Interview with the Client Fred Gaugler, BWImmobilien GmbH 168High and Efficient 169

D5 The Art Museum in Stuttgart 172Interview with the Architects Prof. Rainer Hascher and Prof. Sebastian Jehle 173Crystal Clear 175

D6 New Building: European Investment Bank (EIB) in Luxembourg 178Interview with Christoph Ingenhoven of Ingenhoven Architects 179Sustainably Comfortable 181

D7 Nycomed, Constance 184Interview with the Architect Th. Pink of Petzinka Pink Technol.

Architecture, Duesseldorf 185Interview with the Client Prof. Franz Maier of Nycomed 185Efficient Integration 187

D8 DR Byen, Copenhagen 190Interview with the Clients Kai Toft & Marianne Fox of DR Byen 191Interview with the Architect Stig Mikkelsen, Project Leader

and Partner of Dissing + Weitling 192Adjusted Climate Considerations 194

D9 D&S Advanced Building Technologies Building, Stuttgart 196Low-Energy Building Prototype 197Basic Evaluation and Course of Action 198Indoor Climate and Façade Concept 199Usage of Geothermal Energy for Heat and Cooling Generation 200

Appendix 202

C D

Preface by the Authors

There are essential challenges for the

future, such as taking a responsible

approach towards nature. Also, there

is the search for an environmentally-

friendly energy supply that is easy on

resources and climate. A further chal-

lenge is the search for clean sources

of drinking water. Aside from novel and

more efficient techno logies than are

currently in place, ad ditional empha-

sis will thus need to be placed on re-

ducing energy and water requirements

without decreasing either comfort level

or living standard. The building sec-

tor worldwide uses up to 40% of pri-

mary energy requirements and also a

considerable amount of overall water

requirements. Meanwhile, the service

life of both new and renovated build-

ings reaches far into the future. Hence,

these buildings considerably influence

envisioned energy and water needs for

the next 50 to 80 years. This means

that, even today, they must be planned,

constructed and run according to the

principles of energy efficiency, climatic

aspects, and water conservation. This

applies even when global outlines to

counteract climate change seem to lie

too far in the future to grasp. Buildings

that show these attributes of sustain-

ability are called Green Buildings. They

unite a high comfort level with opti-

mum user quality, minimal energy and

water expenditure, and a means of en-

ergy generation that is as easy as pos-

sible on both climate and resources,

all this under economic aspects with a

pay-back span of 5 to 15 years. Green

Buildings are also capable of meeting

even the most stringent demands for

aesthetics and architecture, which is

something that the examples given in

this book clearly show. Planning these

buildings, according to an integrated

process, requires the willingness of all

those involved: to regard the numer-

ous interfaces as seams of individual

assembly sections, the synergies of

which are far from being exhausted yet.

An holistic and specific knowledge is

needed, regarding essential climatic,

thermal, energy-related, aero-physical

and structural-physical elements and

product merits, which does not end at

the boundaries of the individual trades.

Further, innovative evaluation and

simulation tools are being used, which

show in detail the effects throughout

the building’s life cycle. The examples

in this book show that a building can in-

deed be run according to the principles

of energy and resource conservation

when – from the base of an integrated

energy concept – usage within a given

establishment is being consistently

tracked and optimized. The resulting

new fields of consulting and planning

are called energy design, energy man-

agement and Life Cycle Engineering. In

this particular field, Drees & Sommer

now has over 30 years of experience, as

one of the leading engineering and con-

sulting firms for the planning and op-

eration of Green Buildings. Our cross-

trade, integrated knowledge stems

from Drees & Sommer’s performance

sectors of Engineering, Property Con-

sulting and Project Management.

The contents of this book are based

on the extensive experience of the

authors and their colleagues – during

their time at Drees & Sommer Advanced

Building Technologies GmbH – in plan-

ning, construction and operation of

such buildings. It documents, through

examples, innovative architectural and

technical solutions and also the target-

oriented use of specialist tools for both

planning and operation. This book is

directed primarily at investors, archi-

tects, construction planners and build-

ing operators, looking for an energy

approach that is easy on resources. It

is meant as a guideline for planning,

building and operation of sustainable

and energy-efficient buildings.

At this stage, we would also like to

thank all the renowned builders and

ar chitects together with whom, over

the last years, we had the honour of

planning, executing and operating

these attractive and innovative build-

ings. The level of trust they put in us

is also shown by the statements they

gave us for this book and the provided

documentation for many prominent

buildings. For their kind assistance in

putting together this book, a special

thanks is due.

We would be pleased if, by means

of this book, we succeeded in rais-

ing the level of motivation for erecting

Green Buildings anywhere in the world,

whether from scratch or as renovation

projects. Engineering solutions to make

this happen are both available and eco-

nomically viable. Our sustainability ap-

proach goes even further, incidental ly.

The CO2 burden resulting from the pro-

duction and distribution of this book, for

instance, we have decided to compen-

sate for by obtaining CO2 certificates for

CO2 reducing measures. Hence, you

are free to put all your energy into read-

ing this book!

We would now like to invite you to

join us on a journey into the world of

Green Buildings, to have fun while read-

ing about it, and above all, to also dis-

cover new aspects that you can then

use for your own buildings in future.

Heubach, Gerlingen, Nuertingen

Michael Bauer

Peter Mösle

Michael Schwarz