green building sustainable community
TRANSCRIPT
Green Building and Sustainable Community
C.S. KIANG, SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGY FOUNDATION
PROMOTING THE DEVELOPMENT, DEMONSTRATION AND DEPLOYEMENT OF TECHNOLOGIES TO MEET CHALLENGES IN THE ENERGY SECTOR.
人口增长
1950-2006 人口增长总数 > 近400年人口增长总数
经济增长 2000年GDP > 19世纪GDP总和
经济与环境的关系！
知识为主的经济开发
• 创新 • 透明度 • 保护知识产权 • 遵纪守法 • 系统整合
I. Introduction
One of the possible solutions to resolve the triple crisis: global economic challenge, climate change and social in-equity, is the sustainable development of “Green Building and Sustainable Community” at the city and local level.
II. Green Building
Coupling prefabricated building materials via industrial process and 3-D computer-aided design (CAD)* software and Building Information Modeling (BIM)** are economically sustainable and competative approach for the green building development.
*WASA Studio, a US Integrated Architecture/Engineering Firm can serve as a case study
** BIM is a process improvement methodology that utilizing data to analyze and predict outcomes in different phases of building life cycle.
III. Sustainable Community
Integration of conventional energy and renewable energy an optimum efficient and economically sustainable community with nearly zero-carbon emission can be accomplished in the Gulf regional community Development.
Existing solar heating, cooling, waste for fuel, wind turbine technologies are available for the Gulf regional community development.
III a. Solar Heating and Cooling
Solar cooling and heating for buildings are promising alternative energy approaches. However, the lack of reliable tools to evaluate the technical, economic and the environmental benefits of these technologies presents the critical barriers to their widespread deployment.
Here, we select two case studies in the field (1) Perdue Solar Energy Lab which provides the life cycle cost, energy payback and carbon footprint of solar thermal systems assessment and (2) FSL Energy which provides economically successful projects in solar cooling and heating for buildings.
FLS Energy
FLS Energy
3/22/2013 12
Dr. Ming Qu at Purd
ue Univ
ersity
Cooling Capacity 23kW
Rated COP 1.2
CHW. O/I temp. 7/14 ° C
HTF. O/I temp. 155/165 ° C
CHW. flow rate 2.9m3/h
Max. fuel usage 2.2m3/h
3/22/2013
Dr. Ming Qu at Purd
ue Univ
ersity
13
Aperture area 100m2
Concentration ratio 1.15
Optical efficiency 71.3%
Mirror reflectivity 92%@100 ° C
6 arrays×5 modules×10 tubes
III b. Waste to Energy
US EPA Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States: Facts and Figures for 2010 (reports generated every two years)
Thermo-Chemical
Oxidation
Gasification
Pyrolyisis
Biochemical
Anaerobic Digestion
Enzyme/Acid Hydrolysis
Integrated
Fermentation of Syngas
Simplified WTE Classifications
System Integration for Sustainable Community Development
System approach for new urbanism
Integral “Energy” System
Integral “Water” System
Integral “Land Use & Mobility” System
Integral “Food” System (LED & Urban Agriculture)
Integral “Information” System
Land Use & Mobility
Energy System
Water System
Information System
IV. Energy Park
System Integration of Conventional and Renewable Energy
Solar Energy
Wind Energy
Bio-Energy
Waste for Fuel
Energy Efficiency
3
4
Broad Home Industry
See Broad Home Industry File
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Green Construction -
1. 建立生态智慧城市开发基金
2. 建立生态智慧城市数据管理中心
3. 建立城市区域规划决策中心
4. 建立中小企业孵化中心
5. 建立综合能源服务园区
6. 建立自然资源交易中心
7. 建立区域性和全球性物流中心
8. 建设宜居和谐示范社区
9. 建设世界环境大学
10. 建设生态旅游中心 31
十条建议
Reducing Energy, Carbon and Costs
December 2012 Dan Watch, AIA, NCARB, LEED AP
Vikram Sami, LEED AP
Planning Lab Retrofits for 2030 Carbon
Architecture 2030
By the year 2035, approximately three-quarters (75%) of the built environment will be either new or renovated. This transformation over the next 25 years represents a historic opportunity for the architecture and building community to avoid dangerous climate change.
Payback
Cost Savings
• Orientation • Chilled Beams • Thermostat Setpoints • Zoning • Benchmarking • Design Charrettes
Short Payback
• Airflow Sampling • Condensate collection • Ductless Hoods • Energy Recovery • Desiccant cooling (not for
containment) • Lighting controls • Commissioning • Displacement ventilation (non-
wet lab)
Cost Neutral
• Sunshading & Daylighting • High performance skin • VAV • Energy Recovery • Water management • Low VOC finishes • Flexible Lab Design
Long Payback
• Photovoltaics • Wind turbines • Solar Hot Water • Ground Coupled HVAC • Fuel Cells • CHP
THE TEN STEP PLAN :: AN OVERVIEW 1. Improve Work Habits 2. Purchase Efficient Laboratory Equipment 3. Understand Building Performance 4. Re-Think the Science of Research 5. Reduce Air Change Rates 6. Energy Recovery 7. Improve Building Envelope 8. Upgrade Mechanical/Electrical Equipment 9. Generate Energy On-Site 10. Address Other Key Issues:
• Water Management • Materials Health • Active Design • Finalize Zero Carbon Strategic Plan
Over 10 Projects
Over 15 Projects
Over 20 projects
Over 20 Projects
20 Projects
Improving Work Habits Adjust the Thermostat
• Lower the thermostat 10-15 degrees for 8 hours or more at a time.
• In many cases, each degree increase in the heating set point increases energy
use by 3%.
• Chinese Codes 64-76 degrees
• www.energysavers.gov http://green.harvard.edu/labs/workspace
WARMER in the
SUMMER
> 75 F 72 F < 68 F
COOLER in the WINTER
Improving Work Habits Lab Use Habits
COMPUTERS:
• Enable Desktop Power Management
(putting computers to “sleep” can save
over 75% in energy costs)
• Utilize a Print Management System
(typically results in 20-30% reduction in
printer usage)
Improving Work Habits Lab Use Habits
FUME HOODS:
• SASH DOWN when not in use.
• Disable or Remove unused Fume Hoods
• Standard 6’ constant volume hood uses over 35,000
kWh/year in chiller and fan energy.
Combination Sashes
• Air volumes reduced by up to 40% over traditional sashes.
• Large energy savings.
• Familiarity a hurdle sometimes.
Improving Work Habits Lab Use Habits
BIOSAFETY CABINETS:
Exhausted $2100
Recirculating $240
Improving Work Habits Just in Time Inventories
1. Sort and Recycle: Take inventory to determine if everything is still necessary.
2. Label and Store: Label all supplies and store them in a consistent location.
3. Standardize: The bench size with mobile casework.
From this…. To this…..
Purchase Efficient Lab Equipment
Purchase Efficient Lab Equipment LED Lighting
Purchase Efficient Lab Equipment Freezer Specimen Storage
LOW TEMP FREEZERS:
• Inventory and Discard- Grad Students
• Defrost and check seals frequently
• Pack samples efficiently
• Share freezers between labs
• Larger units typically more efficient
Elimination of one -80 freezer = $1,000+
savings in energy cost per year (does
not account for additional heating load,
maintenance and space used)
Room Temperature Storage
http://medfacilities.stanford.edu/sustainability/dow
nloads/RoomTempStoragePilotResults.pdf
Purchase Efficient Lab Equipment Efficient Mechanical Duct + Plumbing Pipe Design
Traditional 90 degree pipe connections
create unnecessary friction and increased
energy consumption. Instead, use:
• Bigger Pipes, Smaller Pumps
• Gentle Bends, No 90% Bends
• Shorter Pipes (design pipe layout first,
then add equipment they connect)
Use of these strategies have led to a 75%
decrease in pumping energy with a 1-2
month payback period.
Purchase Efficient Lab Equipment Plug Load Analysis
Equipment testing and user interviews
Auburn University – CASIC Lab
Aggressive gathering of equipment data
• 20 (12%) Ton reduction in designed chiller size.
• Reduction in number of chilled beams. • Right sizing reduces reheat.
Purchase Efficient Lab Equipment
Energy Efficient Information from Labs 21/Wiki
Autoclave Link http://labs21.lbl.gov/wiki/equipment/index.php/Category:Autoclaves
Bio-Safety Cab Link
http://labs21.lbl.gov/wiki/equipment/index.php/Category:Biosafety_Cabinets
Centrifuges http://labs21.lbl.gov/wiki/equipment/index.php/Category:Centrifuges
Cool Rooms http://labs21.lbl.gov/wiki/equipment/index.php/Category:Cool_Room
Incubators http://labs21.lbl.gov/wiki/equipment/index.php/Category:Incubators
• $1/sf with a payback that can be less than 1 year.
• “Tuned” systems can also improve occupant comfort.
• Protect assets by ensuring proper function and optimal performance.
• Can be performed on entire existing portfolio and new construction.
• Energy savings can exceed 15-20%, particularly for energy intensive
laboratories.
Understand Building Performance Commission Major Systems
• Cost $25 - $40 per data point
• Additional $4,000 - $5,000 for web
hosted dashboard (for entire
building).
• Wireless current transmitters can
be easily outfitted onto existing
circuits to submeter labs.
• Metering helps with retro-
commissioning and budgeting.
Understand Building Performance Metering and Evaluation
WIRELESS CONTROLS
• Wireless telemetry allows for more individual
controls.
• Personal feedback allows for occupant
behavioral transformation resulting in better
operations.
• Integrates well with smart grid technologies.
Understand Building Performance Metering and Evaluation
Texas Children’s Neurological Research Institute
• Payback is approximately 1 year • 4 Air Changes in labs – 2 ACH at night • Metered data for 18 months • Savings of over $100k annually • 13,600 cfm reduction in airflow
“The AirCuity systems work very well. We chose AirCuity for the sensing accuracy and ease of operation.”
~ William ‘Skip’ Milton Assistant Director Facilities Operation
Texas Children’s Hospital
Reduce Air Change Rates:: Demand Control
Reduce Air Change Rates Chilled Beams
Water carries much more
energy than air
Smaller ductwork
15 air changes reduced to
6 air changes
50+% smaller air handlers
50+% smaller exhaust
fans
Smaller chillers
Chillers run more on free
cooling
Smaller boilers
Over 15 projects
successfully implemented
Chilled Beam Old Technology
Water Pipe
Air Duct – 6 Air
Changes
Air-Water
1m
Air Duct - 15 Air Changes
+0.5m/Floor
All Air
1.5m
Reduce Air Change Rates Chilled Beams
Chiller Plant & Piping -$287,550
Sheet metal -$541,680
AHU Capacity -$717,230
Exhaust Fan Capacity -$346,200
VAV Boxes -$203,400
Temperature Controls +$13,950
Tracking Controls -$526,900
Sec Cooling Systems +$761,860
V-Wedges & Chilled Beams +$762,750
Total First Cost Savings for Mechanical Systems + -$1,084,400
Reductions in Floor Height by 12’ (4 Floors) -$400,000
-$1,484,400
2.5% Savings in Construction
Case Study: Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
Generate Energy On-site Solar Hot Water
• Integrating solar hot water, supplemental to or instead of traditional
heating, could significantly reduce the need to reheat.
• We have used this on 6 projects – including one lab and two hospitals.
• Pictured below – the evacuated tube collector at the Center for Interactive
Research On Sustainability at UBC.
Generate Energy On-site Solar Photovoltaics (PVs)
NY State Energy & Research Development Agency, TEC-SMART. Photovoltaic panel
arrays + two wind turbines produce power, while a ground source heat pump provides
heating. The net result is an approximately 40% reduction in energy consumption.
We have used photovoltaic energy on over 15 projects to date
Generate Energy On-site Solar Photovoltaics (PVs)
• http://climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/PV-Industry-Germany-and-China.pdf
• http://thinkprogress.org/romm/2011/07/06/261550/solar-pv-system-cost-reductions/?mobile=nc
• http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-505123_162-43240662/how-first-solars-tellurium-deal-shows-the-
fragile-economics-of-solar-panels/
• http://www.fitariffs.co.uk/eligible/levels/
Generate Energy On-site Wind Turbines
Wind turbines atop Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation’s Research
Tower generate up to 10% of the building’s energy.
We have used On-Site Wind on 5 projects to date.
Store Energy On-site Geothermal Heat Storage
• Use earth as a heat source (winter) and heat sink (summer)
• Central heating / cooling system that pumps heat to or from the ground.
• Boosts efficiency and reduces operational cost of heating and cooling
• We have used this on over 15 projects to date.
Great River Energy Headquarters uses a wind
turbine and a geothermal heat pump.
Living with Lakes Centre at Laurentian
University
Buck Institute’s Regenerative Medicine Research Building uses a ground
source heat pump.
Store Energy On-site Geothermal Heat Storage
Recover Energy On-site Heat Recovery Wheel
Recover Energy On-site Enthalpy Wheels
• An enthalpy wheel
exchanges energy –
temperature and moisture.
• A sensible wheel,
exchanges only
temperature.
• Enthalpy wheels are much
more efficient.
• Over 20 projects with
Energy Recovery.
The enthalpy wheel at Ohlone College’s Newark Center for Science and
Technology is on display so that students can observe and learn from the
technology.
Recover Energy On-site Enthalpy Wheels
Other Key Issues Water Management
Other Key Issues Water Management
Laurentian University’s Vale
Living with Lake Centre utilizes
an on-site rainwater treatment
system.
Other Key Issues Materials Health
Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard
Understand existing building energy usage and cost over time.
Examine retrofit opportunities and weigh cost v/s payback opportunities.
Pick retrofits that make financial sense and do not jeopardize operations of the facility.
Weigh monetary and carbon goals.
Finalize retrofit plan.
Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard
Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard
Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard
Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard
Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard
NIH – Energy Usage
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Chilled Water
Steam
Electricity
kBT
U/f
t2-y
r
Building #40 Vaccine Research
141,398 ft2
Chilled Water Dominated
Electricity only 8%
E
东
W
西
East &West in
Unity
东西合一
天人合一 知行合一 东西合一
硬件和软件的合一
打造亚太区甚至世界的生态智慧示范城市典范
中国特色
世界影响
Contact Us:
Dan Watch – Southeast Region
404.443.7694
Ed Cordes – Central Region
713.366.4011
Kay Kornovich – West Coast Region
206.381.6037
Bill Harris – Northeast Region
617.406.3521
Vikram Sami – Sustainable Design Expert
404.443.7462