So, Let’s start

Transmission of electricity is defined as bulk transfer of power over a long

distance at high voltage, generally of 132kV and above.

In India bulk transmission has increased from 3,708 ckm in 1950 to more

than 280000 ckm, out of which 142000 ckm is transmitted by Power Grid

Corporation of India.

Whatis

Transmission

Coal – In Central India - Chhattisgarh : 58000 MW- Orissa : 30000 MW- Jharkhand : 15000 MW- Madhya Pradesh:16000 MW

Hydro – In North Eastern & Northern Himalayan region

Coastal based- Andhra Pradesh: 24000 MW- Tamil Nadu : 10000 MW- Gujarat : 11000 MW

Expected Installed Capacity (2025) : 6,00,000MW

Lara

Expected Generating Stations - 2025

Partabpur

Talcher/Ib Valley

Krishnapatnam

NEPAL

KorbaBhopalIndore

Tadri

Girye

Kaiga

Thiruvananthapuram

Pipavav

Kudankulam

SR

Bangalore

Kayamkulam

WRTarapur

Mumbai

Cuddalore

Ennore

Akaltara

Raipur

Hyderabad

RAPP

GandhinagarMudra

Delhi

Ludhiana

NRJaipur

Jammu

SasanVindhyachal

Lucknow

Load Centre Based GenerationUltra-Mega Generation

Hydro Based GenerationCoastal Generation

Coal Based generation

Nuclear generation

BhubaneswarDarlipali

VizagSimhadri

LEGEND

Load-Centre

NERGuwahati

Koderma

SIKKIM

Kolkata

ERPatna

NECKCHICKEN

BHUTAN

DESHBANGLA

Mangalore

KozhikodeSouth MadrasChennai

Energy resources (coal, water etc.) unevenly distributed

Hydro

Coal

Energy Resource Map

Despite having installed power generation capacity of 225 GW and power demand of 135 GW India faced a peak power deficit of 9%

(12 GW) . Power shortages have adversely affected the country's economy. In 2012-13,

power shortages in India accounted for a 6 GDP loss of USD 68 billion (0.4% of GDP) ,

impacting multiple industries like agriculture, manufacturing, services etc. Improvement of this sector is essential for the economic well-being of the country and enhancement of the quality of

life of citizens.

Importanceof

Transmission

System

Historical trends in generationvs

Transmission Capacities

TYPES OF TRANSMISSION

OverheadTransmission

UndergroundTransmission

Economical

High maintenance cost

They are susceptible to damage from wind-borne tree branches, debris and high wind and ice-loading conditions from extreme weather.

Overhead power lines are easily tapped, rerouted or modified to serve customers

Expensive

Low maintenance cost

Underground lines are better protected against weather and other conditions that can impact overhead lines, but they are susceptible to insulation deterioration

They are more difficult to modify after the cables have been installed.

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2

3

Reduces volume of conductor material

Increases transmission efficiency

Decreases percentage line drop

? Why high voltage is preferred ?

Voltage (kV)

1977 1990 2000 2002 2012 2017-18Year

220kV400kV

500kVHVDC

765kV800kVHVDC

1200kV

765kV D/C - AC

World’s HighestVoltage level – Test station Charged in Oct.’12

World’s longest multi-terminal

HVDC to harness renewableHydro Power from North-east

Pursuing Higher Voltage Levels

Spacers

Conductor

Tower

Substation

Damper

Insulator

Cross arms Ground wire

Arching horns

Danger plate

Grid management on regional basis started in sixties.

Initially, State grids were inter-connected to form regional grid and India was demarcated into 5 regions namely Northern, Eastern, Western, North Eastern and Southern region.

In October 1991 North Eastern and Eastern grids were connected.

In March 2003 WR and ER-NER were interconnected .

August 2006 North and East grids were interconnected thereby 4 regional grids Northern, Eastern, Western and North Eastern grids are synchronously connected forming central grid operating at one frequency.

On 31st December 2013, Southern Region was connected to Central Grid in Synchronous mode with the commissioning of 765kV Raichur-Solapur Transmission line thereby achieving 'ONE NATION'-'ONE GRID'-'ONE FREQUENCY'

Grid management on regional basis started in sixties.

Initially, State grids were inter-connected to form regional grid and India was demarcated into 5 regions namely Northern, Eastern, Western, North Eastern and Southern region.

In October 1991 North Eastern and Eastern grids were connected.

In March 2003 WR and ER-NER were interconnected .

August 2006 North and East grids were interconnected thereby 4 regional grids Northern, Eastern, Western and North Eastern grids are synchronously connected forming central grid operating at one frequency.

On 31st December 2013, Southern Region was connected to Central Grid in Synchronous mode with the commissioning of 765kV Raichur-Solapur Transmission line thereby achieving 'ONE NATION'-'ONE GRID'-'ONE FREQUENCY'

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NEW Grid

SouthGrid

South

West

NorthEast

Northeast

Five Regional GridsFive Frequencies

October 1991East and Northeast

synchronized

March 2003West synchronized

With East & Northeast

August 2006North synchronized

With Central Grid

Central Grid

Five Regional GridsTwo Frequencies

Installed Capacity 229 GW

MERGING OF

MARKETS

The objectives underlying the formation of National Grid

Transfer power from surplus regions to

deficit regions

Utilise maximum resources from

diversified regions

Ensure reliable, economical and quality power

? ?How is Power Transmission Managed

POWERGRID is the Central Transmission Utility (CTU)and is responsible for wheeling of power generated by Central Generating Utilities (CGUs) and inter-state Mega Independent Power Producers.

Each of the five regions has a Regional Load Despatch Centre (RLDC), which is the apex body , as per the Electricity Act 2003, to ensure integrated operation of the power system in the concerned region.

Additionally, there is an apex body at the national level called the National Load Despatch Centre(NLDC) to ensure integrated power system operation in the country.

The NLDC and RLDCs together form a part of the Power System Operation Corporation Limited (POSOCO), which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Power Grid Corporation of India Limited(PGCIL).

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14,230 MW

WR

NR

NER

ER

SR

1,520 MW3,630 MW

4,390 MW

1,260 MW

6,220 MW

Present IR Capacity – 31,850 MW

WR

Inter-Regional Capacity - Existing

Transmission network spread geographically over 3.3million sq km : Inter-

State and Intra-State level

Transmission line : 2,80,571 ckm

(POWERGRID : 1,020,000 ckm) 765kV : 7910 ckm 400kV : 1,20,693 ckm 220kV : 1,42,536 ckm HVDC Bipole (±500kV) : 9,432 ckms

Transformation capacity (MVA/MW) HVAC :474,091 MVA

(POWERGRID : 170,000MVA, 171 S/s)− 765kV : 56,500 MVA− 400kV : 170,397 MVA− 220kV : 247,194 MVA

HVDC : 13,500 MW

FSC – 33nos., TCSC – 6 nos.

SOUTHERN REGION

WESTERNREGION

EASTERN REGION

NORTHERN REGION

NORTH-EASTERN REGION

1

2

The‘Electrical’

Regions

Transmission Network - Present

Right of Way

Neglection of flora & fauna, wild life

Long distance high capacity transmission corridors

Cost per MW transfer as well as Transmission losses

Impact on Environment

Shortcomings of National Grid

To develop High Intensity Transmission Corridor

Regulation of Power

Flexibility of Line Loading

Improvement of Operational Efficiency

Transmission at its best

ENTSO-E, the European Network of Transmission System Operators, represents 41 electricity transmission system operators (TSOs) from 34 countries across Europe, thus

extending beyond EU borders.

Interconnected as a SINGLE phase-locked 50 Hz mains frequency electricity grid that supplies over 400 million customers , including most of the European Union.

Out of which Synchronous Grid of Continental Europe is the largest synchronous electrical grid (by connected power) in the world.

Some key features -

41 transmission system operators

34 European countries

532 million customers served

312,693 km of transmission lines

3,174.2 TWh electricity transported

423,586 GWh of electricity exchange between member TSOs

1,023,721 MW net generation capacity connected to the grid

Smart Grid

Wireless Transmission

Energy Storage

PMU

World’s longest multi-terminal ±800 kV HVDC under implementation from Biswanath Chariali, North-Eastern Region to Agra, Northern Region.

Shall transmit power to the tune of 6000-8000 MW.

2000 kmAgra

Biswanath Chariali

Implementing +800kV HVDC Bipole Link

World’s highest voltage, 1200kV UHV AC, test charged at Bina, Madhya Pradesh in October 2012.

Has been Developed Indigenously through Public Private Partnership (PPP) with 35 Indian manufacturers in open collaboration.

Indigenous Development of 1200kV UHVAC