strss management i

8/8/2019 Strss Management i

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Stress at work

Radhika mohan


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Occupational health psy

Health and safety work act -1995 of

UK- reasonable practice in health care

Stress is defined as a disability under teDisabilty Discrimination Act -1995


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Hugo musterberg contribution accidents

at work

Jonathan Raymond- OHP


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Occupational stress ___psychological ill health Selection &recruitment

Training

Enhance job satisfaction challenge related stress vs

hindrance related stress

Feelings ofcontrol jobs that give choice and control

Transparency in communications

Employee assistance programmes

Care for person job fit


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Employee related variables

Social support

Physical health

Ability to perform


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PERSONALITY FACTORS

1. Hardiness- attitude resistant to stress- (control,

commitment to work ,challenge )

Have few health issues

Positivity in evals & interpretation of life

1. Big 5- high extraversion ,low neuroticism- study at

Australian departmental store


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Self efficacy high---------less bothered by

stress at work- study on army soldiers at

US

locus ofcontrol nurses studied in

Germany

Self Esteemorganizational based selfesteem lead to Personal adequacy, see

self as important ,adequate, worthwhile.

They are prone to high supervisorysupport, less role conflict


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Self control IMPULSE CONTROL &RESISTING DISTRACTIONS

marshmallow study

In the late 1960s, psychologist Walter Mischelperformed a series of tests on preschoolersreferred to as The Marshmallow Tests. Mischel

would give a child a single marshmallow, thenleave him or her alone in the room with it. Beforehe departed, hed make each kid an offer: if theywanted to, they could eat it immediately but if

they waited for him to return, theyd get twomarshmallows. The tests were designed toexamine willpower and the mental processesbehind delayed gratification


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Employee fact

Negative affectivityJS Cultural orientation

Type of occupation

TheN

ational Institute for Occ

upational Safetyand Health (orNIOSH) is the United States

federal agency responsible forconducting

research and making recommendations for the

prevention of work-related injury and illness.clerical ,blue collar jobs more stressful


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Gender Differences- WOMEN MORE STRESSSFULAnxiety, depression, sleep and eating disorders, headache, addictions.

Stressful job &spontaneous abortion

But research in US & Spain women take social support in times of

stress

Homemaker- mother- wife -------------overwork


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US based study long working hours,more stress

Subjective perception of workload affects

stress

Still working women are healthier , lower

risk forcardiovascular diseases


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How org help in work life balance

Day care facilities

Less working hours

Flexible time Opp for telecommuting

Supportive supervision

Maternity /paternity leave


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Stressors in the work envt

workload /under load

qualitative & quantitative ( studies in Britain ,

canada )High job demands and less exercise

coronary heart disease

Optimal work load is beneficial


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Organizational change-changes inpolicy, working environment

Requires adjustment to new roles,responsibilities, new culture ,technologicalchanges

Attitude to change change as exciting

,challenging Moving from comfort zone to courage

zone


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Role ambiguity

Unstr uctured job- new job / characteristic

of the job

3 kinds of ambiguity-

performance related

Work method related

Scheduling related


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role conflict

disparity between job demands andemployees values and expectations

Selling harmful drugs

Bad boss -Bad leadersLack of encouragement -promotion

,pay

Performance appraisalTechnology- mobile, computer,always

at work


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Burnout

Psychosomatic

Anxiety, depression

Abuse at home, violence at work

Less interested , lethargy , emotional

exhaustion

Leave the job or

Stop thinking , become rigid on rules

Low efficacy, esteem

De motivate others


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Emotional exhaustion

De personalization

inefficiancy

Burn out


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Age

Gender

Singles

Dedicated

,committed

Over do work

Time pressure

Lack of social support

Role conflict /ambiguity


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Work life balace

Family conflicts

Lack ofcareer

opportunities

Pay

Unfair tmt

perceived

Big 5 factor

neuroticism


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workaholics

Addiction to work

Performance can be colored by anxiety

/insecurity- burnout ( lack social support) Performance colored by enrichment &

stimulation- content

Job engagement-energy ,involvement,efficiency. Work source ofchallenge,

satisfaction.


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Symptoms of stress

Behavioraladdictions ,withdrawal,excessive activity , inappropriate behaviours

Physical

Emotional anxiety, depression, anger

Cognitive poor con, memory, low attn


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Seyle -1946 General Adaptation

Syndrome

Alarm reaction fight, flight ,freeze

Adrenaline rush increased BP, heart rate

Maintenance -body habituates to it

Breakdown withdraw from stress if notlead to serious illness to sudden stress


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Homes &rahe life events scale used to

measure stress


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Stress management programmes

Efforts from organization

1. Adapting to change

2. Fewerconstraints at work providescontrol

3. Clear org role

4. Social support5. Work load management


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6.Pets at work

7.Stress mangmt programmes

8. Yoga/fitness


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Work schedules and working

hours

Americans fair labour standard act 1938-

40 hrs /week 5 day

no optimal working hrs -24/7, norminal vsactual working hrs

Americans work 2 weeks longer every

year

Importance of vacation


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Permanent vs part time workers -Beneficial for org and workers

Four day work week- 10hrs a day-

welcomed

Flexible work schedules avoid trafficcongestion, attend personal matters ,

personal freedom. Rest breaks avoid fatique, boredom,unauthorised abs


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Shift work permanent ,rotating shifts

night shift more error- issues with diurnal

rhythm


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Annual health care cost increases every

year


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Psychosomatic disorders related to stress

Reduced immunity due to chronic stress

level Study on air trafficcontrollers- high stress-

3 times chance of hypertension

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