Solar Battery

Charger

MINI PROJECT PRESENTED

BY:-

SWEDEL DSOUZA&

JENIFER NADAR

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVE BLOCK DIAGRAM DESIGN PROCESS ADVANTAGES APPLICATION CONCLUSION REFERENCE

INTRODUCTION Solar energy has proven its worth of

alternative energy. With the help of existing system push in

direction of sustainable clean source of power, it is no surprise that solar power has become one of the most popular alternative energy sources.

As per the techniques available, the solar battery charger has been devised.

Sustainable energy

OBJECTIVE Our project is around charging a *V * Ah

sealed battery with solar panel. This battery will supply power to led lights and a mobile phone charging point.

For charging the (*v) battery, the battery will have the two inputs as solar(*v) and ac(*v).

 Automatic battery cut off after voltage goes down certain limits to ensure long battery life.

The main objective is to prevent the overcharging of the battery.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

g

SOLAR PANEL

VOLTAGE REGULATOR BATTERY

SOLAR BATTERY

CHARGING INDICATOR

LOAD

ADAPTER UNIT

DESIGN As per the circuit diagram, the solar battery charger requires a solar panel OR adapter, IC LM317, IC LM324 and

battery .

*(PASTE CKT DIAG HERE)

SOLAR PROCESS

The basic component of a solar cell is pure silicon

The sun is a star made up of hydrogen and helium gas hence, it radiates an enormous amount of energy every seconds

Solar cell works on the principal of ‘PHOTOVOLTAIC EFFECT’ as sunlight is composed of photons, or ‘packets’ of energy

These photons contain various amount of energy corresponding to the different wavelengths of light

When a photon is absorbed, the energy of the photon is transferred to the electron in an atom of the cell

BATTERY:- Battery is a power

storage device .It is internally interfaced directly to panel with necessary. They generally use lithium or ni-cd batteries for this purpose.

IC LM324:- The IC LM324 is a quad op-amp

in one package are wired up as voltage comparators and produce a visual indications for the various voltage levels at any instant, during the charging process or during the discharging process through the connected LED panel or any other load. All the inverting inputs of the op-amps are clamped to a fixed reference of 3V through the relevant zener diode.

The non-inverting inputs of the op-amps are individually attached to presets which are appropriately set to respond to the relevant voltage levels by making their outputs high sequentially.

BC547:- The BC547

transistor and its base 1 ohm resistor ensure that the charging current to the 6V/4.5AH battery never exceeds the optimal current mark.

IC LM317:-

The IC LM317 is a standard voltage regulator IC is configured to produce a fixed output determined by the resistances

The input to this IC is selectable via SPDT switch, either from the given solar panel or from an AC/DC adapter unit, depending whether the solar panel is producing sufficient voltage or not, which could be monitored through a voltmeter connected across the output pins of the LM317 IC.

The output of the LM317 stage is

directly connected with the 6V battery for the intended charging of the battery.

How do I know the battery status ?Chargers have LED to determine the battery status. LED deplicts :- -Battery status

-charging status -discharging status

The indications for the same could be monitored via the connected coloured LEDs.

The yellow LED associated with A2 may be set for indicating the low voltage cut-off threshold. When this LED shuts off , the transistor TIP122 is inhibited from conducting and cuts off the supply to the load, thereby ensuring that the battery is never allowed to discharge to dangerous unrecoverable limits.

The A4 LED indicates the upper full charge level of the battery....this output could be fed to the base of the LM317 transistor in order to cut-off the charging voltage to the battery preventing overcharging.

since the A2/A4 do not have hysteresis included could produce oscillations at the cut-off thresholds, which won't necessarily be an issue or affect the battery performance or life.

ADVANTAGE As we use DC power supply directly to

charge the mobile, the ripples will not be there in solar mobile charger.

Prevents from overcharging the battery which may affect the battery.

Emission free. Battery life will be high as we use solar

mobile charger.

APPLICATION EMERGENCY POWER TRAVELLING IN REMOTE LOCATION DOMESTIC APPLIANCE EVERDAY USE

CONCLUSION The latest appliances being devised by the scientist are being made in an solar

mobile charger as environment friendly manner, and so the large amount of energy can be saved when we use environment friendly products.

Versatility of solar charger is high.

Adaptability is high.

The most recommended solar mobile charger are:-xtorm, voltaic, XD, solUrja.

Hence with the basic knowledge of electronics and components we have designed a mobile battery charger by using a solar power.

REFERENCE

BOOKS:- Childress, vincent w, solar power the solution. Marshall cavendish, science and technology.

WEBSITES:-www.solarbuzz.com/going-solar.

www.solarserver.com/knowledge.

THANK YOU