solar battery charger circuit

7/26/2019 Solar Battery Charger Circuit

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Solar Battery Charger Circuit

Specifications of the Charging Circuit

Solar panel rating 5W /17V

Output Voltage Variable (5V 14V!

"a#i$u$ output current %!&' $ps!

)rop out *oltage+ &+ &!75V!

Voltage regulation, -/+ 1%%$V

Solar Battery Charger Circuit .rinciple,

Solar battery charger operate on the principle that the charge control circuit 0ill prouce the

constant *oltage! he charging current passes to 2"317 *oltage regulator through the ioe

)1! he output *oltage an current are regulate by austing the aust pin of 2"317 *oltage

regulator! Battery is charge using the sa$e current!

Solar Battery Charger Circuit Diagram:

Solar Battery Charger Circuit )iagra$

Circuit Co$ponents


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Solar panel 17V

2"317 *oltage regulator

)C battery

)ioe 1n4%%7

Capacitor %!1u

Schott6y ioe 3 5%V

8esistors &&% 9:% oh$s

.ot &;

Connecting 0ires

Solar Battery Charger Circuit Design

Circuit $ust ha*e austable *oltage regulator so Variable *oltage regulator 2"317 is

selecte!


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Charging current

Charging current ? Solar panel 0attage/Solar .anel Voltage ? 5 / 17 ? %!&'!


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Variable .o0er Supply Circuits

Variable supply that can be *arie fro$ 1!&V to 3%V at a

current of 1 $phere

Circuit )iagra$

Variable )C .o0er Supply is *ery i$portant for electronics proects prototyping an

hobbyists! or s$aller *oltages 0e nor$ally use batteries as a reliable source!

=nstea of using batteries 0hich ha*e a li$ite lifeti$e a *ariable )C po0er supply can beuse 0hich is i$ple$ente in this proect!

=t is a robust reliable an easy to use *ariable )C po0er supply! he 0or6ing of the circuit is

as follo0s!
http://www.electronicshub.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Variable-DC-Supply.jpg


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transfor$er is use to step o0n the C supply to &4V at &! brige rectifier is use to

con*ert this *oltage to )C!

his pulsating )C is filtere using the capacitor to get a clean )C an is gi*en to 2"317 0hich

is a *ariable *oltage regulator =C!

=n orer to *ary the output *oltage t0o *ariable resistors of *alues 1;@ an 1%;@ are use!

1%;@ .O is use for large change in *oltage 0hile 1;@ .O is use for fine aust$ents!

)epening on the settings of the .O the )A pin of 2"317 recei*es a s$all portion of the

output *oltage as feebac6 an the output *oltage is *arie!

capacitor is use at the output of the *oltage regulator so that the output *oltage oesnt

ha*e any spi6es!

With the help of this *ariable )C po0er supply the output *oltage can be *arie fro$ 1!&V to

3%V at a current of 1! his circuit can be use as reliable )C source an acts as a

replace$ent to batteries!

=t is i$portant to attach the *oltage regulator =C 2"317 to a heat sin6 as it tens to get hotteruring operation!

ote

he abo*e circuit uses only 15 * transfor$er at the inputso it can be *arie $a#i$u$ upto

15V! =n orer to increase the upto 3%* input of 3%* shoul be applie!

%+&:V 9+: .o0er Supply Circuit )iagra$ using 2"317 an&3%55

his esign can prouce a current of &% a$ps 0ith little $oification (use proper rating

transfor$er an a huge heat sin6 0ith fan! uire in this circuit as

&3%55 transistors prouce large a$ount of heat at full loa!


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Circuit Co$ponents

3%V 9 Step o0n ransfor$er

use 1 1 $p

use & 1% $p

8esistor 81 (&!5 0att &!&6 oh$

8esistor 8& &4% oh$

8esistor 83 84 (1% 0att %!1 oh$

8esistor 87

9!:6 oh$

8esistor 8: 1%6 oh$

8esistor 8' (%!5 0att 47 oh$

8esistor 81% :!&;

Capacitors C1 C7 C' 47n
http://www.electronicshub.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/0-28V-6-8A-Power-Supply-circuit-diagram-using-LM317-and-2N3055.jpg


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Dlectrolytic capacitor C& 47%%u/5%*

C3 C5 1%u/5%*

C4 C9 1%%n

C: 33%u/5%*

C1% 1u/19*

)ioe )5 1n414: or 1n444: or 1n4151

)9 14%%1

)1% 154%1

)11 2D) re

)7 ): )' 14%%1

2"317 austable *oltage regulator

.ot 8V1 56

.ot 8V& 47 oh$ or &&% oh$ 1 0att

.ot 8V3 1%6 tri$$er

Circuit )esign

lthough the *oltage regulator 2"317 protects the circuit fro$ o*erheating an o*erloa the

uses 1 an & are use to protect the po0er supply circuit! he rectifie *oltage at capacitor

C1 is aroun 4&!3%V (3% *olt ESF8& ? 3%* E1!41 ?4&!3%!

So 0e nee to use all the capacitors 0hich are rate at 5%* in the circuit! .ot 8V1 allo0s us to

*ary the output *oltage in bet0een % to &:V! he $ini$u$ output *oltage of 2"317 *oltage

regulator 1!&V!

=n orer to get %V at the output 0e are using 3 ioes )7 ): an )'!


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.ot 8V& is use to set the $a#i$u$ current a*ailable at the output! =f you use a 1%% oh$/1

0att potentio$eter then the output current is li$ite 3 $ps at 47 oh$s an 1 $p at 1%%

oh$!

2"317 Voltage 8egulator

2"317 is the 3 pin series austable *oltage regulator! his regulator pro*ies output *oltage

ranging fro$ 1!&V to 37V at 1!5 a$ps! his =C is easy to use an re>uires only t0o resistors to

pro*ie the *ariable supply!

=t pro*ies internal current li$iting ther$al shut o0n an it pro*ies $ore line an loa

regulation as co$pare to fi#e *oltage regulators! Because of all these features these =C is

$ostly use in *ariety of applications!

0-28V, 6-8A Power Supply Circuit Applications

Gse in *arious po0er a$plifiers an oscillators to pro*ie )C supply!

his circuit is use in appliances

Gse as 8.S (8egulate po0er supply to pro*ie the )C supply to the *arious electronic

circuits!

ote

his circuit is stuie theoretically an $ay re>uire so$e changes to i$ple$ent it in practical!

Variable .o0er Supply Circuit fro$ i#e Voltage 8egulator

he fi#e *oltage regulator is use to offer fi#e *oltage at the output ter$inal an oes not

epen upon the input *oltage supplie!


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Circuit )iagra$

Wor6ing

Brige rectifieris use fr con*erting C to )C!

hen the *oltage is applie to the 7:%5 *oltage regulator!

Output of the regulator can be *arie by *arying the resistance connecte to the co$$on pin of

the 7:%5!

=n spite of the ifferent *alues of resistors *ariable resistor can be use in the circuit to get

ifferent *alue of *oltage!
http://www.electronicshub.org/full-wave-bridge-rectifier/http://www.electronicshub.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Variable-Voltage-Regulator-Power-Supply-Circuit.jpghttp://www.electronicshub.org/full-wave-bridge-rectifier/


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8 8e$ote Control Circuit for


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8 434 "


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8 "oules (434"uency! he 8aio fre>uency range is 3% ;


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3! .ress the first button at trans$itter sectionK you can obser*e that first 2D) 0ill off at recei*er

section! =n the sa$e 0ay 0hen you press any button at trans$itter section the corresponing

2D) at recei*er 0ill O!

4! o0 isconnect the po0er supply fro$ trans$itter an recei*er sections!


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Si$ple " 8aio Aa$$er Circuit

FM Radio Jammer Circuit Diagram:

Circuit )iagra$ of Si$ple " 8aio Aa$$er

ote, his circuit iagra$ has been ta6en fro$ circuitstoay!co$ 0ebsite!

% (a!!er Circuit )*planation"

he *ariable capacitor C1 an 21 0ill constitute the tan6 circuit 0hich 0ill prouce the high

fre>uency signal the capacitor C1 is *ariable so that 0e can prouce ifferent fre>uency signal

by austing the *ariable capacitor! When the F1 is turne O the tan6 circuit 0ill start its

operation an prouce the Vuency signal 0hich 0ill a$ or create the

noise in the original signal so that recei*er cannot recei*e the signal! D*en if it is recei*e also

the signal cannot be use by the recei*er circuit!
http://www.electronicshub.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Simple-FM-Radio-Jammer-Circuit-Diagram.jpg


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he resistors 81 an 8& 0ill act as the biasing circuit an 83 is use for li$iting the e$itter

current in the circuit!

her$istor e$perature Sensing lar$


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Circuit Diagram of hermistor emperature Sensing

Alarm:

he ele$ent in the circuit that senses the te$perature of the en*iron$ent is a ther$istor! he

na$e itself has its $eaning! her$istor $eans ther$al-resistor! =t $eans that the resistance

of the ther$istor *aries 0ith change in te$perature! he relationship bet0een the resistance of

the ther$istor an te$perature is in*ersely relate! his $eans that if the te$perature in the

at$osphere increases the resistance offere by the ther$istor ecreases an if the

te$perature outsie ecreases the resistance of the ther$istor increases! his property of the

ther$istor helps us to $a6e use of it to sense the te$perature of the surrounings!
http://www.electronicshub.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Temerature-Sensor-Circuit-Diagram.jpg


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he circuit $a6es use of t0o BC547 . transistors to s0itch the alar$ 0hen the te$perature

abo*e esire *alue is etecte! he =C 4%11 0hich is use in the circuit is a >ua ) gate

integrate circuit! =t has four ) gates asse$ble in the single =C itself! his reuces the

space an co$ple#ity of the circuit!

he co$binational circuit 0hich is built using the ) gates is an oscillator circuit! s 0e

6no0 any co$binational circuit has an inherent ti$e elay bet0een the input an the output!

his ti$e elay is usually consiere as unesirable but in this case 0e are $a6ing use of it to

$a6e it 0or6 li6e an oscillator! he circuit turns on an off repeately 0ith a ti$e elay

operating as a s>uare 0a*e oscillator! he output of the oscillator is gi*en to a buHHer 0hich

thereby operates at the auio fre>uency! he capacitors use in the circuit acts as filters to

re$o*e un0ante co$ponents of the signals an hence ensuring stability an properoperation!

Spee Control of )C "otor Gsing .ulseWith "oulation


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Circuit Diagram of !"M Based DC Fan Controller:

=n this circuit the )C $otor is operate by a 555 integrate circuit! he =C 555 in this circuit is

being operate in astable $oe! =n this $oe the circuit can be use as a pulse 0ith

$oulator 0ith a fe0 s$all aust$ents to the circuit! he fre>uency of operation of the circuit

is pro*ie by the passi*e para$eters of resistances an capacitances attache to it! he

resistance bet0een pin+7 an pin+: the resistance bet0een pin+9 an pin+7 an the

capacitance bet0een pin+& an the groun go*ern the fre>uency of operation an uty cycle of

the ic 555 in astable $oe! he uty cycle is go*erne by the resistor 0hich is in bet0een pin+

9 an pin+7 of the =C 555 ti$er! So by ta6ing a*antage of the circuits 0or6ing 0e can change

the 555 astable $ulti*ibrator into a pulse 0ith $oulator by using a *ariable resistor instea

of a constant resistor in bet0een pin+9 an pin+7!

One of the best things about this circuit is that 0e can $a6e it 0or6 as an astable $ulti*ibrator

0ith little har0are an by little cost 0hich can sa*e both the cost in*ol*e in $a6ing it as 0ell

as the space on the printe circuit boar is sa*e! if 0e 0ant a sophisticate pulse 0ith

$oulator 0hich 0or6s $ore accurately an 0hich can ha*e $ore austing capabilities then

it is better to use a $icrocontroller base pulse 0ith $oulator than the one 0hich 0e are

using no0!


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case the circuit 0hich 0e are using 0ith a bare =C 555 is better as it sa*es our $onetary as

0ell as space resources in builing the circuit!

he uty cycle of the circuit can be change by changing the resistance bet0een pin+7 an

pin+9! =f 0e increase the uty cycle the spee of the $otor increases an if 0e ecrease the

uty cycle the spee of the $otor ecreases!

uto$atic Changeo*er S0itch

Auto!atic Changeo+er Switch Circuit Principle"

his circuit is base on the principle of bistable $oe operation of 555 i$er! =n this $oe the

i$er output is either high or lo0 epening upon the status of trigger an reset pin! he i$er

output is connecte to a transistor 0hich acts as a s0itch being on or off epening upon the


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i$er output! 0o 2D)s in series are use as a loa! =n case of transistor being s0itche off

2D)s are ri*en by the C+)C po0er supply 0hereas in case of transistor being s0itche on

2D)s are ri*en by the battery!

Automatic Changeo#er Switch Circuit Diagram:

Circuit )iagra$ of uto$atic Changeo*er S0itch

Auto!atic Changeo+er Switch Circuit Design"

)esigning the circuit in*ol*es t0o basic parts

1! )esign of C )C .o0er Supply,

=t is the esign of a basic C to )C po0er supply syste$ using transfor$er an brige

rectifier!

he first step in*ol*es selection of the *oltage regulator! Since here our re>uire$ent is to ri*e

t0o 2D)s in series along 0ith a Schott6y ioe 0e settle o0n 0ith 2"7:%' *oltage regulator
http://www.electronicshub.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Automatic-Changeover-Switch-Circuit-Diagram.jpg


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proucing a *oltage of 'V! Since input *oltage to the regulator $ust be at least 1&V 0e settle

o0n 0ith an input *oltage of about &%V!

he ne#t step in*ol*es selecting the transfor$er! Since pri$ary *oltage is &3%V an re>uire

seconary *oltage is about &%V 0e can settle 0ith a &3%V/&%V basic transfor$er!

he thir step is the selection of ioes for brige rectifier! Since pea6 *oltage across the

transfor$er seconary is aroun &:V the total .=V of the brige 0oul be aroun 11&V! uire loa current! Substituting the *alues 0e get a *alue of about

17u!


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rectifier! he C ripples fro$ the fluctuating )C *oltage is re$o*e by the filter capacitor! his

unregulate )C *oltage is then con*erte into a regulate )C *oltage by the *oltage regulator!

When s0itch S1 is at position & trigger pin of 555 i$er is groune! his causes the output of

the 555 i$er to be a logic high signal! he base e$itter unction of F1 is thus for0ar biase

an the transistor is ri*en to saturation thus being in on position!


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When nor$al C supply *oltage is applie the )C *oltage at the cathoe of Hener ioe )4 is

less than 5!9V no0 transistor F1 is off conition! s a result transistor F& is in O conition

hence loa s0itches to O by inicating the green 2D)!

SG..2M VO2JD F1 SD F& SD 8D2M 2O)


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Jreen 2D) inicates nor$al C supply *oltage! 8e 2D) is use for po0er inication!


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filler co$es o0n (the $otor attache 0ith the $echanis$ rotates for0ar an fills the

bottle (the $otor stops then it goes up (the $otor rotates in re*erse irection an

stops until the ne#t bottle arri*es! or $o*ing the filler up an o0n the ti$e of rotating

the $otor for0ar an re*erse is calibrate an fi#e! lso the stop ti$e of the $otor is

calibrate base on the ti$e re>uire to fill the bottle an the ti$e before arri*al of the

ne#t bottle!

goo o$estic application is in 0ashing $achines! Once the ti$er is set to 0ash

clothes the $otor auto$atically rotates for0ar an then bac60ar for fi#e perios

(1% to 15 secons 0ith s$all pauses in bet0een!

ig! 1, Bloc6 iagra$ of the se>uential ti$er for )C $otor control

s this is a se>uential process a se>uential ti$er can be use to i$ple$ent it!

Se>uential ti$er is a 0iely use circuit in inustrial plants because $ost inustrial

processes are chain reaction type! hat $eans as one process ens it triggers the

ne#t! he ening of the last process triggers the first process! hus the cycle continues!


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Jenerally such se>uence ti$ers are $icrocontroller+base $ultifunctional an

progra$$able! But a *ery si$ple se>uential ti$er can be e*elope using D555 =Cs

0ire in $onostable $oe! Cascaing a nu$ber of these $onostable stages for$s a

se>uential ti$er! he output of one stage is applie as the trigger to the ne#t stage! So

0hen the output of a stage rops it triggers the ne#t stage an the output of the ne#t

stage goes high an li6e0ise the chain reaction starts! Because here the process

in*ol*es four steps (for0arstopre*ersestop four stages of D555 =Cs

connecte in $onostable $ulti*ibrator $oe are use to for$ a four+stage se>uential

ti$er! he first stage rotates the $otor for0ar! he secon stage stops the $otor! he

thir stage rotates the $otor in re*erse! he fourth stage stops the $otor!

hese stages actually energise or e+energise the relays that connect the $otor to the

supply!

ig! &, Circuit of se>uential ti$er for )C $otor control

Bloc6 iagra$


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i ! 1 sho0s the bloc6


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iagra$ of the se>uential ti$er for )C $otor control! he syste$ consists of four

bloc6s of D555 ti$er =Cs connecte in $onostable $oe! he output of each stage is

connecte to the trigger input of the ne#t stage! he output of the first stage ri*es

single+changeo*er relay 821 an the output of the thir stage ri*es relays 82& (single+

changeo*er an 823 (ouble+changeo*er si$ultaneously! he secon an fourth

stages pro*ie elay in bet0een the first stage an thir stage outputs!

he 2D)s connecte at the four stages inicate the status of the $otor,

1! =n the first stage the green 2D) inicates that the $otor is running for0ar!

&! =n the secon stage the re 2D) inicates that the $otor has stoppe!

3! =n the thir stage the blue 2D) inicates that the $otor is running in re*erse

irection!

4! =n the fourth stage the re 2D) inicates that the $otor has stoppe!

he trigger input to the first stage is actually gi*en through process start s0itch! he

output of the fourth stage is fe bac6 to the trigger input of the first stage through the

S.) s0itch! =t ecies 0hether the process continues in loop or one+ti$e only!

8elay connections to the $otor are $ae such that these pro*ie re*ersible supply to

the $otor to rotate it for0ar an bac60ar! s $entione before there are t0o single+

changeo*er relays (821 an 82& an one ouble+changeo*er relay (823!

Connections of relays to the $otor are sho0n in ig! 1!

Circuit escriptionig! & sho0s the circuit of the se>uential ti$er! he first stage of the se>uential ti$er is

built aroun D555 =C (=C1! =C1 is 0ire in $onostable $oe an its ti$e perio is

eter$ine by resistor 81 preset V81 an capacitor C1! .reset V81 is use to set the

ti$e fro$ 4 to 45 $inutes! his $eans you can rotate the $otor fro$ a $ini$u$ of 4


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$inutes to the $a#i$u$ of 45 $inutes! "a#i$u$ an $ini$u$ ti$e li$its can be

change by changing the *alues of the ti$ing co$ponents as per the re>uire$ent!

rigger pin (pin & of =C1 is pulle high 0ith resistor 8&! When s0itch S1 is presse it

goes lo0 an output pin 3 beco$es high! he output of =C1 ri*es transistor 1 into

saturation an relay 821 energises! lso 2D)1 (green 2D) connecte 0ith output pin

3 glo0s to inicate that the $otor is running say in for0ar irection!

he output of =C1 is fe to the secon stage through coupling capacitor C&! =C&

(D555 triggers 0hen the output of =C1 goes lo0! )ioe )1 acts as a free+0heeling

ioe! he secon stage of the se>uential ti$er is $ae aroun =C&! his stage

pro*ies elay bet0een the first stage an thir stage! he re 2D) connecte at the

output of =C& inicates that the $otor is in stoppe conition!

=C& too is configure in $onostable $oe! =ts ti$e perio is eter$ine by resistor 89

preset V8& an capacitor C3! .reset V8& is use to set the ti$e fro$ 1!75 to 1%

$inutes! =f the process re>uires ifferent ti$ing the *alues of ti$ing co$ponents can

be change accoringly! he output of =C& is couple to the thir stage through

coupling capacitor C4! =C3 triggers 0hen the output of =C& goes lo0!


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)e*ice for "aintaining Car Batteries

When we do not drive our cars for extended periods of time, the abandoned

rechargeable batteries become fully discharged. Sometimes, these get damaged,

too.

Batteries have self-discharging rates that depend on their type and capacity, and

may vary from a few milliamperes to tens of milliamperes. Also, the electrical

installations in a car have leakage currents that may discharge the battery. f we

compensate the discharging current, the battery will remain always charged. !his

can reduce the probability of the battery getting discharged or damaged. n any

case, it is good to read the datasheet of the manufacturer in order to know how to

maintain the battery.


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Fig.1: Circuit of the simple device maintaining two 12V rechargeable batteries

Circuit and working

"ig. # shows the simple device that can maintain two #$% rechargeable batteries.

!he mains power supply is applied to connector &'(# and is reduced by

transformer )# to $#% A&, $**mA. !he bridge recti+er comprising diodes #

through recti+es the A& voltage.

!he device has two identical channels. ach channel has an individual low-cost

linear regulator /0*1 2 and &$3. 4inimum output current for the battery is set

by resistors 5$ and 51 at around #*mA. 4aximum output current can have two

values 2around 1*mA and #**mA3.


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Fig. 2: Actual-size C! of the power suppl"

When switches S$ and S6 are at position #, the output current is around 1*mA.

When switches S$ and S6 are at position $, the output current is around #**mA.

4aximum output voltage is limited to around #1.1% with 7#, 8# and 8$ forthe +rst channel and 7$, 86 and 8 for the second channel.

Fig. #: Component la"out of the C!

5aising the current to around #**mA should not damage 7# and 7$. iodes

1 and 9 prevent the discharge of batteries BA!!.# and BA!!.$ when the mains

power supply is not present. (evertheless, if the mains power supply is not present

for a long time, disconnect the batteries from the device.


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4ount regulators and &$ on small individual heat-sinks with thermal

resistance below 6*:&;W. !he device will start working immediately if the circuit is

wired properly. %erify the maximum output voltage and maximum output current

with a multimeter.


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Construction and testing

An actual-siuently, the metallic part of at least one of the &s should be isolated from

the common heat-sink. =anel-mount A& input, switches, fuse, output connector

and battery, as per re>uirement.

solar battery charger circuit

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