1.0 INTRODUCTION

This section consist of background of the study, statements of problem, purpose and

objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study and scope of the study.

1.1 Background of the Study

Internet is a global computer network providing a variety of information and communication

facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols.

Nowadays, the growing popularity of internet users more attracted to social networking sites

that help peoples to communicate and socialize with each other. Today, 1.5 billion people

across the world have their profiles in social networking sites.

The three most popular social networking sites are Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn.

Based on Alexa Global Traffic rank, the estimated monthly visitors for Facebook, Twitter

and LinkedIn are about 750, 250 and 110 million respectively. Time spent on Facebook, for

example, is over 700 million minutes per month (Squidoo, 2012). The social networking

revolution was born. It is because just about everyone who uses the Internet is a member of at

least one and often many online social networks. With such widespread adoption, it is no

surprise that social networks have impacted the way people live and socialise.

Apart from the social benefits, social networking sites can be used to document school

research, promote artistic talents and experiments with other forms of content creation. Along

with these benefits come some risks. Social networking is a prominent tool for

communication and self-expression for students. Although the online interaction is just for

fun, it is also consist of some danger that they not realized.

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1.2 Statements of the Problem

Widespread use of internet has led to a kind of addiction. The present study examined the use

of Internet and addiction of the social networking sites and its impact on intermediate level

students. Based on numerous psychology studies on social networking sites, it was found that

the students have positive tendency towards the useful and easy reflections on internet and a

greater tendency towards getting addicted.

However, this new form of capital and the easy access to unlimited online exposure

has had an overall negative effect on students’ academic performance (Karpinski &

Duberstein, 2009; Canales et al., 2009 cited in Sana Rouis, 2012). Thus, further studies are

needed to investigate the social networking problem among the students.

1.3 Purpose and Objectives of the Study

The study investigates the social networking problem among the students, as the social

networking sites nowadays becomes a reason for anxiety and addiction.

Therefore, the study attempts to achieve the following objectives:

a) To determine the social networking involvement among students.

b) To assess the level of awareness of the effects of social networking sites among

students.

1.4 Research Questions

a) What is the level of social networking involvement among the students?

b) What is the level of awareness of students regarding to the effects of social

networking sites?

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1.5 Significance of the Study

Recently, social networks have become very popular for all of the generations in the

worldwide. Its social implication can be varied. The social networking has tremendously

developed in this era and nowadays, it become vital in the daily lives of people. Social

Networking Sites had given a new space for communication which nowadays it can be two

ways communication either one-to-many, many-to-many and collaborative communication.

Thus, the people mostly choose the social networking sites as their communication because

of these kinds of interactivity.

As nowadays, we are living in Cyber the role of social networks in discussion and

dissemination of information need to be given a serious through particularly among students

because the students is a highest community of social networking sites. This is because the

social networks contribute either positive or negative impacts for them without realized it.

Thus, in this study it gives a various dimensions and problems that students faced when

logged onto Social Networking Sites and that why the tittles given as “Social Networking

Problems among UiTM Shah Alam”.

The findings of the study would provide information on social networking problems

among UiTM Shah Alam’s students. This will bring benefits to the Network Division Centre

for Integrated Information System of UiTM Shah Alam, so that they can restrict the internet

usage that can lead to networking problems among the students.

1.6 Scope of the Study

This study was only carried out in some faculties in UiTM Shah Alam areas, with the issue of

social networking problem among students. The study has only 30 respondents, since it is

only a piloted study. The respondents were randomly selected between ages of 18 – 30 years

old. The data were collected in a questionnaire that has been distributed from 26 th November

2012 to 3rd December 2012.

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2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

This section consists of

2.1 Theoretical Perceptive of Social Networking Sites

In the last decades of the 20th century, world saw the rapid advancement of information and

communication technologies. Today, the communication revolution had brought us together

without no boundary and limitation. From time to time, we invented new communication

technologies for better individual. Until recently, internet has been perhaps the outstanding

innovation in the field of communication in the history of mankind.

Furthermore, the rapid expansion of internet worldwide has changed the whole scene.

It makes all the information available about any sort of things in the universe known to

mankind is at our fingertip. Right now, internet is used for communication, entertainment and

information. The internet offers a wide variety of communication tools. Most of the peoples

use facilities such like e-journal, e-book, internet banking, social networking, e-newspaper,

shopping and many more. Thus, it can be concluded that internet is an essential

communication medium in our personal life.

In addition, among of these various tools, Social Networking is a very popular

phenomenon. Millions of the peoples had been engaged with social networks. According to

Wikipedia, an online encyclopaedia, there are more than 300 Social Networking Sites and

almost 1.5 billion members worldwide. And recently, Facebook is one of the leading social

networking sites, which added over 200 million users in just 12 months.

Besides, online social networking is increasingly the subject of almost researches.

Scholars in many fields have begun to investigate the various aspects of social networking

services and the effect of social networking sites. Many studies have been conducted around

the world which is to investigate how these sites may play into issues of privacy, social,

youth culture, performance and education. This review of literature is allow us to study the

similar studies that had been conducted before which is in the same field. This will consist of

the information that had been established by previous studies and there are some information

added which leading to the expansion of knowledge.

Through there are negative perceptions about the possible effects of Social

Networking Sites on students’ academic performance, some studies showed that students

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found it quite appropriate for a teacher to use Facebook, and for teachers and students to

socialize by this means (Baran,2010). Students also believed that such tools could allow them

to share knowledge in formal education contexts. According to Churchill’s study (2009), it

showed that the use of weblogs or “blogs” (social publishing) in education facilitated a useful

learning atmosphere.

Studies of adolescents’ use of Social Networking Sites showed that their profile

contained a wealth of intimate, candid, and publicly available information on a wide range of

social issues. According to Williams and Mertne (2008), university students are often found

to be obsessed with their Facebook profile or Twitter page. The researchers matched this path

of identity exploration and role experimentation to Erik Erikson’s developments stages

(Erikson 1968). Erikson’s theory suggests that adolescents between the ages of 13-18 will

experience a period of psychosocial crisis- identity versus role confusion. While undergoing

this development stage, adolescents become conscious about sexual identity, peer

relationships and other social interactions. Williams and Mertne (2008) also suggested that

the over-dependency on these media may affect a student’s attendance at school.

DeBell and Chapman (2006) pointed out that adolescents and young adults are the

heaviest users of computers and the internet. Social Networking Sites become the latest

online communication tool that allows these users to create a public or private profile to

interact with people in their networks (Boyd&Ellison, 2008).

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2.2 Issues of Social Networking Sites

Over the years, social networking among the college students has become more and more

popular. Nowadays, it is a fastest way to make connections, not only on campus but also with

friends outside the campus. Social networking is a way that helps many people feels as

though they belong to community. While it is important to acknowledge the risks that may be

arise from the students’ user, the most experts have been concerned to point out that we

should not to overlook the potentially significant benefit that may arise from the use of

networking technologies. But along with these benefits, it also comes some risks such as

cyber-bullying, sexual harassment, academic performance, addiction and many more.

In the technology era, social networking is now just a part of student’s daily routine.

According to University of New Hampshire (U of NH, 2009), it concluded that a majority of

students used social networking for social connections and entertainment, but are also using it

for education and professional reasons. Social Networking Sites can also affect the academic

performance if the time management is not correctly spent. According to the previous

researcher named Karpinski which focused on the relation between the academic

performances of students with the time spent on Facebook (M.San, 2009). The overall finding

indicated that the grades slightly down when more time spent on Facebook because the time

supposedly used to study had been spent on Facebook. Furthermore, nowadays the students

preferred to access the social networking sites only by using smart phone. So as the

conclusion, the students can access the social networking sites anytime, anywhere and

everywhere although they are in class.

Furthermore, the world right now faces a new kind of addiction which is Internet

addiction after drug and alcohol. Besides, social networking sites influences such as people to

get mad behind it. This is like the people being immersed in virtual world and forgetting

about the real world around them. According to Florida Times-Union (2010), it reported that

a mother named Alexandra V. Tobias from north Florida killed her own child because the

boy crying that make her anger while playing FarmVille on Facebook. Thus, based on our

finding, it is consistent with this kind of addiction where mostly of the students will get mad

and depressed once the connection to social networking sites is failed.

In addition, Social Networking Sites are built on the sharing of information which are

included posting a comments, photographs and video images. Thus, all the information would

be exposed to others online. But mostly, the young people may be less cautions about posting

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private information compare to the older users. Besides, they are also tend to ignore to read

the term and condition for some of social networks such as Facebook, Yahoo Messenger,

Twitter and many more. According to Community Attitudes Survey that had been conducted

in 2007, it can be concluded that young people more generally lower levels of awareness in

their privacy (Research into Community Attitudes towards Privacy in Australia, 2007). Due

to the lower level of awareness among the users, it contribute 100 million profiles had been

hacked in Facebook according to Ron Bowles as online security consultant ( D.Biswajit ,

2011).

At started, social networking sites invented to make contact with people and also built

a network of healthy relationship in society. But nowadays, it seems offer a cybercriminals to

take advantages by targets their victims by online. In this era, students and younger are the

majority users for this kind of sites. Thus, with this facilities, the younger and students easily

to become the victims of cybercriminals such as rape, bullying and murder. Teens easily

believe in love with the person they met online but actually they are falling to the trap of

sexual predators. According to Steenhuysen,2008, it stated that majority of cases involve a

young teenagers mostly 13-, 14-, 15-years old who are targeted by adults on internet who are

straightforward bout being interested in sex.

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2.3 Relevant Studies

From time to time, many studies had been conducted in these same fields of study with

almost the same goal and purposes. Most of the studies are used to investigate the services of

social networking site and the impacts that faced by the students when logged onto the social

networking sites. Thus, this study is carried out to investigate the Social Networking

Problems among students. The relevant study that consists of previous researches with the

same field is taken as the guideline and it had been added with new information to give a

proper direction to the work and leading to the expansion of knowledge. Besides, it showed

the strength and the weaknesses of the previous studies. Social Networking Sites recently

labelled as the vital communication due to their ability of interactivity with the other peoples.

As stated before, Social Networking Sites had been used for the student for education

and professional purpose (U of NH, 2009). But if the use of Social Networking Sites is

uncontrolled it can affect the academic performance of the students. Several studies had been

conducted regarding social networking and grades. San Miguel, Renay (2009) conducted a

study, tittles “Study on Facebook and Grades Becomes Learning Experiences for

Researchers”, to understand the relation between times spent with the grade in academic

performance. In this research, the researchers found out that “more time on Facebook equals

slightly lower grade”. Besides, it also found that the Facebook users studied 1-5 hours per

week while the non-Facebook users would studied 11-15 hours per week. Although many

researcher aware that Facebook is not only thing that possibly taking away study time but

55% of those surveyed access their pages several time a days or at least once a day but in a

long period of time. Thus, it directly had taken the time of study.

In addition, Social Networking Sites also affect the academic based on the Paul A.

Kirschnera study, tittles “Facebook and Other Online Social Network Site Can Lower

Grade”. In this research, it stated that students who multi-task between social networking

sites and homework are likely to have 20 percent lower grade than student who does not have

social networking sites. This is because while they are carrying out their task, may be their

email or instant messaging constantly running and it directly make them unfocused with their

study.

Based on the awareness of privacy sharing, that kind of studied had been conducted

by Catherine Dwyer, Starr Roxanne Hiltz and Katie Passerini (2007). In this research, it is

about on how trust other members in a particular sites can affect user’s willingness to share

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information and develops new relationship. This situation mostly happened on the younger

user which has a minimal level of awareness in term of privacy and information sharing. This

study had been used Facebook and MySpace as their subject of comparison. Thus, the result

showed that the online friendship can develop in this sites where the protection of privacy is

minimal. Thus, with this kind of situation, they are easily falling with the cybercriminals such

as murder, rape, bullying and many more.

Based on the social networking addiction, psychologist Micheal Fenichel had been

described that FAD (“Facebook Addiction Disoder”) as the situation where the Facebook

usage overtake the daily activities such as eating, sleeping, working, playing and more.

According to Dr. Mohamad Hussain Habil, director of University Malaya Center of

Addictives Sciences, he concluded that the children that addicted to the internet who is

obsessed with virtual activities, they are willing to forego their meals, sleep, responsibilities

and leisure activities. This objective is same with the survey in US where 56 percent users

check Facebook at least once a day. The research also stated that people under 25 years old

are more likely to lose sleep by keeping an eye on their friend’s post (People’s addiction to

networking sites on rise, 2010).

The study that is present is similar with to some of studies that stated above. The

relevant studies enabled the researchers to gain a better understanding and also the

perspective of the subject.

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3.0 METHADOLOGY

This section consists of

3.1 Introduction

This section discusses about the methodology of the research. The main objectives or

purposes of the research are to investigate the problem faced by university students when

logged onto the social networking sites and to access the level of awareness of the effects of

social networking sites among students. To assess and evaluate the objectives, students from

UiTM Shah Alam was chosen. Data for the research were collected through the

questionnaire.

3.2 Background of the Respondents

The respondents of the study were the students from the different courses at University

Technology Mara (UiTM) Shah Alam. In November 2012, a total of 30 questionnaires were

distributed to students at the different faculties of the university. All the questionnaires from

the various faculties had been collected. Based on the questionnaires, 9 were male students

while the rest, 21 were female.

3.3 Research Instruments

This research utilized only the quantitative research methodology. The instrument used to

collect the data was questionnaire. A set of questionnaire that containing 25 questions had

been divided into 3 sections based on a questionnaire used previously by another study and a

few questions had been added into it. Different question-types such as ranking yes-no, listing,

category and scales were used in the questionnaire. The different sections of the questionnaire

were: i) demographic information, ii) frequency of social networking sites visit and, iii)

awareness of the effect of the social networking. The questionnaire was checked to the

lecturer to assess its validity before it was distributed.

3.4 Research Procedure

Before the actual data collection period, the questionnaire is checked by the lecturer to assess

the validity of the research instrument. A total of 30 students were involved in the pilot study

chosen at random at various places of the university.

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During the actual study, questionnaires were distributed at various locations on

campus, such as bus stops, several faculties and in the library. Furthermore, questionnaires

are familiar to most of the people. Nearly everyone has had some experience in answering a

questionnaire. It’s easier for researcher to summarize and analyze the date due to there is

standard questions and format for questionnaire, researcher’s own opinion will not influence

the respondents to answer the question in a certain manner.

3.5 Data Analysis

To analyse the data, a total of 4 variables were taken into consideration namely addiction,

ignore of responsibilities, and less of confidents and awareness of social networking. All the

data were entered into the computer using Statistical Packages for the Social Science (SPSS)

software. Results were presented through frequency counts and other descriptive statistics.

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4.0 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

This section discusses the results of the research on the social networking problems

among UiTM Shah Alam Students. The findings will be divided into two important

two important topics found from the survey received from 30 students of UiTM Shah

Alam.

4.1 Demographic Information

From the 30 respondents, 21 of them are female. Ninety percent of the respondents

are below 27 years old and most of them are between 18 to 20 years old.

4.2 Problems faced by UiTM students on Social Networking Sites (SNS)

This part will present the problems faced by UiTM students on SNS such as

addiction, ignorant on responsibility, and also confidence level.

4.2.1 Addiction

After drugs and alcohol addiction, if the world is facing a new type of addiction

disorder, then that is Social Networking Sites (SNS) addiction (Bisjawit, 2011). A

survey conducted among 30 students of UiTM Shah Alam, 26 of them are members

of social networking sites. In addition, only 6.7 percent of the respondents logged on

to their favorite SNS less than once in a few days. Besides that, 66.7 percent of them

surprise with the time spent on the SNS. As a consequence, the take too much time on

the SNS until effect the time for academic purposes.

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Figure 1:

Time spent

on SNS in a

day

In

general, it can be seen in Figure 1 that most of the students spent the time on SNS

more than 2 hours. Thus, the time for them to do the assignments are decreases just

because of too much time on SNS.

Based on Dr Joanna Lipari, a clinical psychologist at University of California says

there are five clues that show you are addicted to Facebook in article “Are you

suffering” in 2010 (Bisjawit, 2011).

You start losing sleep over Facebook and that hampers your daily activity.

Spend more than an hour on Facebook.

You become obsessed with your old loves and start visiting their profile. And

gradually it starts to affect your current relationship status.

You tend to ignore work and use Facebook in office hours.

When you think of going a day without Facebook, it causes stress and anxiety

to you.

Another significant point that leads to addiction in SNS are when 70 percent of the

respondents agree that they become frustrated or angry when SNS goes down or

having internet connection problem. It shows that, the addiction to SNS may lead to

emotional problems among the students. This case seems to be a serious case when it

involved with emotional. Emotional is not a small matter in any case because

emotional problems to others serious problems.

4.2.2 Ignorant of responsibility

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37%

30%

20%

13%

Time spent on SNS in a day

1-2 hours3-4 hours5-6 hoursmore than 7 hours

Being responsible is a learned behaviour. It is not an accident and it requires patience

and effort. In general, responsibility of a student is to perform-well in their academic

and also co-curricular.

From the survey, 76.7 percent of the respondents use mobile phone to access

SNS. This may lead for the students to access SNS during class especially when they

bored or feel sleepy in the class; thus, they do not focus in the class. Among 30

respondents, only 46.7 percent of them agree that they stay up late or wake up earlier

to spend time on SNS. When it happens, they may sleepy in the class. As done by

some researchers, a good quality time for us to sleep is about 5 to 6 hours. When less

than that, our productivity in the next day will decrease, and we will feel tired easily.

Games SNS Blog Chat room Movies or Videos

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Website Preferred

Highest Priority Priority Less Priority Least Priority

Figure 2: Website preferred

From the bar chart, the main website preferred by the respondents are Social

Networking Sites (SNS) and the least preferred website are games. This statistic

shows that SNS is the favorite sites and the very famous sites among students.

Students join social networking sites because it gives them an opportunity to express

their views, a feel of independency and self esteem. It is just a click way to create a

virtual profile and connect with millions of users across the world, becomes more

interesting because you can stay connected with old friends and family members. It is

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not a mistake for students to access SNS but they should know how to manage their

time on SNS and study. They should know the things that more poetize.

4.2.3 Level of confidence

Agree Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree0

5

10

15

20

25

30

3533.3

30

26.7

10

SNS tend to be less confident

Figure 3: SNS tend to be less confident

The bar chart above (Figure 2) shows that most of the respondents agree that SNS

may lead to be less confident in real life. Similarly, 19 of the respondents say that

number of friends in SNS is more than in real life. In contrast, 22 of them prefer to

interact with people face-to-face rather than on SNS only. These findings did not

support Dr Bisjawit’s research on “Social Networking Sites: A critical Analysis of Its

Impact on Personal and Social Life”. He says that SNS users face severe health risk

because they reduce face-to-face contact and become addicted in a virtual world of

relationships.

Aric Sigman, fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine, says “social

networking sites have played a significant role in making people become more

isolated. Lack of face-to-face contact could alter the way genes work, upset immune

responses, hormonal levels, function of arteries and influence mental performance.

This could increase the risk of health problems like cancer, strokes, heart disease and

dementia ("Online networking harms," 2009)” (Bisjawit, 2011).

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4.3 Awareness of the Effects of Social Networking

This section will discuss the awareness of the effects of SNS that should be concerned

by the students.

Among 30 respondents, only 11 of them read the terms and conditions when

creating an account on SNS. Majority of them just ignore it and just click ‘I

understand and accept the Terms and Conditions’. Terms and conditions are very

important. With social networking sites it is important to strike the right balance

between protecting people's data and still allowing them to use the sharing elements

of social networking sites. The only reason Facebook can offer a free service to users

is because of the money it makes from advertising. Many users do not mind this at all

– a few targeted ads could be a small price to pay in return for using the website.

However, people do need to be made aware that when they sign up to a social

networking site they are entering into a transaction with the site's owners. In the case

of large social networking sites is keen to see far more transparency in the terms and

conditions. Users should be told clearly what data is collected, who it is shared with,

and how they can change their privacy settings. This information must be made

available in an easy to read format and not hidden away in lengthy privacy statements

requiring a law degree to understand (Which? 2012).

The very important things that students should be aware are about Cyber

bullying or cyber crimes.

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Agree Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree05

101520253035404550

46.750

3.30

SNS contribute to Cyber bullying or Cyber crimes

Figure 4: SNS contribute to cyber bullying or cyber crimes

As can be seen in Figure 3, a large percentage of respondents agree that SNS can

contribute to cyber bullying or cyber crimes. The beginning of social networking sites

started to make contacts with people and build a network of healthy relationship in the

society. But now it seems offering cybercriminals a great advantage to target victims.

The major factor of cybercriminals is from the stranger friends on the SNS. When

accepting friend request from strangers, we actually put ourselves at severe risk. The

men at other side start exchanging words very cordially and within some days we

have a faith on them. Then they start the mind game and start gathering more personal

information. If they get to know our email address, they could go to email account

and click on ‘forget password’. And the system will ask a security question like –

‘your favourite teacher, your first phone number etc’. Unknowingly, you have already

shared this information with them. So now they have access to your email account.

This task will be much easier if you set your date of birth, school or college name as

email password. Thus, students should not easily accept requests from anyone that

they not really know.

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5.0 CONCLUSION

This research determined social networking involvement among students when logged onto

social networking sites. Primary data were collected by randomly distributing questionnaires

to 30 respondents.

The objectives of our study are to identify the social networking involvement among students

and to assess the level of awareness of the effects of social networking sites among students.

The following conclusion can be drawn from the study:

1) Most of the respondents are did not realize the time they had spend on social

networking sites due to the influence that comes from the network itself that attract

them from not to stop using it.

2) Nowadays Facebook is the most popular networking sites among people and it will

attract more people to use it according to most of them use Facebook as their

communication stage.

3) This networking sites are used for communicate with their friends and families, to

discuss the assignment they had to do and to find more information about their

assignments.

4) From the data and findings, respondents are more preferred to interact with people by

face to face compared to interact with people by using social networking sites because

it is easier for them to communicate and cooperate.

5) By interact face to face, we knows their responds to our speech either they like it or

not by their face expression, body language or by their objection.

6) Most of the students prefer to log onto social networking sites through mobile phone

because it is easy for them to bring it where ever they go due to the size and the

weight of the mobile phone.

7) The factors that influence students keep logged onto social networking sites day by

day are because of the easy access and no limitation of internet at university and easy

logged in through nowadays technology that is through mobile phone.

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However, these findings are only valid for students in UiTM Shah Alam only and

cannot be generalized to other university students. The same study needs to be conducted

with students from other universities to see if there are any similarities with the factors

that will influence students’ problem when logged onto social networking sites

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6.0 RECOMMENDATIONSThis section consists of

6.1 Recommendation based on Finding

Based on the findings and conclusion of the study, here are several recommendations to be

considered:

1. It is recommended that the Network Division Centre for Integrated Information

System of UiTM Shah Alam should block the social networking sites such as Facebook and

twitter among the university students, so that students can focus on their classes.

2. Students should set their privacy setting on the account of their social networking

sites so that their privacy and safety will be more secure.

3. Students must be aware of the risk of social networking sites themselves so they can

prevent from cyber criminals.

6.2 Recommendations for Future Research

Since the study only focused on students of UiTM Shah Alam, it is recommended that further

studies can be carried out on students from other universities to see whether they are any

similarities on the study. Furthermore, further studies could be more specific on their current

community membership on social networking sites and compare the benefits of the

community. It is because social network represents an effective platform for teenagers not

only to socialize but also for doing goods.

Furthermore, social activists all over the world have learnt how to spread word about

their causes, enlist volunteers, embark on actions and raise funds. Other than that, it is

recommended that further studies can be carried out on how social network is changing the

way marketing is done. It is because nowadays,a lot of marketing on a products or services

have be done using the social networking sites. It is slowly changing the way people

marketing from traditionally to technologically.

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