slide 1 of 40 prokaryotic cells: includes only copyright pearson prentice hall

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Prokaryotic Cells:

Includes ONLY

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

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BACTERIA:•Most numerous organisms on Earth•1st forms of life on Earth•All are prokaryotic

•General Traits of all prokaryotes:•Lack a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.•Unicellular (separate or in a colony)•Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic

(make own food) (obtain food from others)

•Are microscopic “.”•300 side by side = printed period

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Bacteria is found EVERYWHERE…

fFood

Air

Soil

On and in our body

On all objects

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430,000 year old bacteria found in a fresh water lake in Antarctica

Deep Ocean

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Cell wall:

-made up of proteins and carbs -protects and gives shape to cell.

Cell wall

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Cell Wall

Cell membraneCell membrane:

-regulates what goes into and out of the cell

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Outer covering that is sticky. Allows bacteria to adhere to surfaces and prevents WBC’s from engulfing them.

Capsule

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Capsule

Cytoplasm

Cytoplasm:-liquid

solution which suspends the DNA and ribosomes.

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Capsule

Cytoplasm

Ribosomes

Ribosomes:

-uses DNA’sinstructions to

make all proteins

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Capsule

Cytoplasm

Ribosomes

DNADNA: -genetic material -1 loop of DNA

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DNA

Sex pili

Sex pili:

-short proteins which bacteria use to pick up DNA from the environment or from another bacteria cell

Flagella: -1 or more whip like structure or movement

Flagella

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Flagella: for movement.

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Conjugation

During conjugation, a hollow bridge made up of the sex pili forms between two bacterial cells, and segments of DNA move from one cell to the other.

Examples of how sex pili are used:

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Transformation:

When bacteria use their sex pili to pick up DNA from their environment.

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Classifying Prokaryotes

E. coli, a Typical Eubacterium

Cell wall

Cell Membrane

Ribosomes

DNAFlagellum

Capsule

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Ideal Reproductive/Growth Conditions

-moisture-warmth-food source-darkness

Food and moistureWarm and darkness

Ideal warm, dark and moist environment with plenty of food?

The human body

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Part A of Bacteria lab


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Endospores

A hard, protective case that forms around the DNA of the bacteria cell during unfavorable growth conditions.

Spores allow bacteria to survive harsh conditions.

Spores can remain dormant for months or years.

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Bacteria can be:

1. Heterotrophic-uses other organisms as a food source.

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2. Saprophytic:

-live off dead matter-bacteria is the #1 decomposer

3. Autotrophic:

-makes their own food through photosynthesis.

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Reproduction

Binary fission

Binary Fission Bacteria copies its DNA and divides in half, producing two identical daughter cells.

Form of asexual reproduction

Takes about 20 min. in bacteria.

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Most people think of bacteria of only being “bad” but bacteria do a lot of good too!!!


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The GOOD……..

To make medicines

Oil eating bacteria

To make food

#1 decomposer

Sewage treatment

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The BAD………..Makes us

sick/causes illnesses

STD’s: Gonorrhea, SyphilisChlamydia, Botulism, LymesDisease, Pinkeye, Tuberculosis, Pneumonia

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Can they be stopped?

RefrigerationFreezing

Heat: canning, cooking, sterilization

Dehydration

Antiseptics

Antibiotics

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Set up Part B of lab


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You go to the doctors with a sore throat……………..now what happens????

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The doctor has to classify the bacteria to know how to

treat it.

1. The doctor cultures/grows the bacteria.

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Identifying Prokaryotes

2. The doctor determines the shape of the bacteria.

Bacilli

Rod-shaped prokaryotes are called

bacilli.

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Spherical prokaryotes are called cocci.

Cocci

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Spiral and corkscrew-shaped

prokaryotes are called spirilla.

Spirilla

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3. The doctor determines its “colony” formation:

Strept mean grows in a long chain.

Staph means grows in a cluster

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Can you identify these bacteria?

Steptococcus

Round and in a straight line

Staphococcus

Round and in a cluster.

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Part C of the Bacteria lab


slide 1 of 40 prokaryotic cells: includes only copyright pearson prentice hall

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