s.larssen: eionet-ws-may-01.ppt slide 1 euroairnet *goal-european network with sufficient spatial...

S.Larssen: EIONET-WS-May-01.ppt Slide 1

EUROAIRNET

Goal - European network with sufficient spatial coverage and representativeness and quality

- Efficient and early data reporting

Stages 1) Exposure assessment on European scale based upon monitoring alone

2) Assessment from a combination of monitoring and modeling

3) To support assessment of effects, and cost-effective abatement

Goal/Objectives/Stages


EUROAIRNETGoal/Objectives/Stages

Stage 1 objectives General description of European AQ

Comparison of networks and AQ between cities and areas

Estimation of exposure of population, materials and ecosystems


EUROAIRNETDevelopment and Implementation 1996 - 2001

1. Definition (goal, objectives) 1996

2. Criteria development 1996-1998

3. Visits to NRCs 1996 - 2000

4. Station selection 1997 - 2000

5. Evaluation process 1999

6. Data reporting to AIRBASE 1997 - 2000


Criteria for design of EUROAIRNET

Important criteria:

Selection of areas to be monitored

Classification of monitoring sites

Selection of compounds

QA/QC


EUROAIRNET CriteriaAssessment of Population Exposure

Criteria for selection of areas/ existing stations to be fulfilled by each state as far as possible

Type of area Criteria

Area selection Station selection

Cities/Agglomerations

Total pop: 170mill

>0.5 mill

(~75)

All cities

0.25 - 0.5 mill

(~100)

At least 25% of the cities

0.05 - 0.25 mill

(~1000)

At least 10% of the cities

Rural areas

Total pop: ~260 mill

Industrial areasoutside cities

All areas with air pollution above the WHO AQ Guidelines

All existing monitoring stations in these areas.

All stations, 20 stations

Include cities with high/ medium/low industrialization

Monitoring needs and area/ station selection to be done by each country.50% of rural population should be covered.

Include cities with high/ medium/low industrialization


EUROAIRNET CriteriaMaterial Exposure AssessmentSelection of areas and stations

General:General: Concentrate on urban areas Monuments/historical buildings also in

towns/industrial/rural areas

Selection criteria:Selection criteria:Type of area Area selection Station selection

Urban areas >0.5 mill. At least 10% of the

cities

At least three stations in the selected

area representing high urban pollution,

traffic and average urban background.

Industrial areas At least 5% of the areas At least two stations in the selected area

representing high and medium level of

pollution.

Rural areas Areas with different

climatic conditions

One station in each of the different

climatic areas of the state.


EUROAIRNET Status – 2000

Station Classification Scheme: Modified EoI

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3

AREA TYPE STATION TYPE META DATA

URBAN Background

Traffic

Industrial

Same as in existing EoI

In addition:

• Monitoring objective

• NUTS level IV

• European Station CODE

• City population

• Representativeness area

• Traffic data (for T-stations

• Industries (for I-stations)

• Rural stations

- Near city

- Regional

- Remote

SUBURBAN Background

Traffic

Industrial

RURAL Background

Traffic

Industrial


EUROAIRNET status/improvements – 2000

Station Classification Scheme:Additional meta-data for stations (Level 3), necessary to provide a basis for comparison between stationsTraffic Stations

• Distance from the kerb

• Width of street/road (between kerbs)

• Lenght between building facades (only for street canyons)

• Height of building facades (average over both sides of street, in the general area of the station)

• Traffic volume (total both directions, annual daily average, AADT)

• Traffic speed (typical, day-time)

• Heavy duty fraction of traffic (daily average over the year)

Industrial Stations

• Type of industry (ies)

• Distance (lenght) to source/source area

• Direction sector to source/source area

Rural Background Stations

• Distance to nearest built-up area or major source area


EUROAIRNET CriteriaCompounds

Population exposure

Ecosystems exposure

Materials exposure

Priority 1 SO2, NO2, NOx, O3, CO, Benzene, PM10, PM2,5, Pb

SO2, SO4--, O3, NO2,

NOx(aa), Precip. IonsSO2, O3, NO2, Temp., Rel.hum. Precip (mm, pH)Materials: weight loss, steel

Priority 2 PAH, HM, SPM, BS

VOC, NOx (1h) HNO3

Precip. Ions

Soiling (PM, SO4--)

Materials: weight loss, zinc


EUROAIRNET - QA/QC Criteria

Classification of QA/QC procedures

Data Quality Objectives (DQO)

Methods

Documented QA/QC plans


QA/QC criteria for classification and the selection ofstations accepted to be included in the EUROAIRNET

Criteria

Type of network/station Type of QC/QC procedure

Levels

NationalNetwork

LocalNetwork

orAffiliatedStation

Accreditedcentral

laboratory &complete

QA/QC plan

Centrallaboratory &

completeQA/QC plan

MinimumdocumentedQA/QC plan

NodocumentedQA/QC plan

1

2 a

b

3

4 or

5


A summary of DQOs for EUROAIRNET

Data Quality Objectives

Monitoring objective Accuracy Precision Data completeness Representative-Temporal Spatial ness (spatial)

10% <2 ppb >90% 1) 1), 2)

Trend detection 3) >90% 1) 1), 2)

1) The DQOs are set for station-by-station comparison (for same station class) and for trend detection at any one station.In the case of comparisons of e.g. cities or larger entities, or trend assessment for larger areas, the requirements to spatial coverage and representativity would be strict, and to quantify those requires more analysis.2) To be eligible for comparison with a station of the same class in another location (city, country), representativeness criteria should be complied with, as described on page 37-39.3) To detect a trend with a certain accuracy, the combined accuracy and precision of the measurement must be considerably better than the expected trend (expressed as relative change) (see page 39).


EUROAIRNET RURAL STATIONSRepresentativeness Areas (ranges of radius) as given by networks

Regional km Remote km Individually assessed?

Belgium 5 – 30 Yes

Czech Rep. 10 – 40 200 Partly

Estonia 25 Yes

Finland 10 25 Yes

Germany 5 –50 Yes

Iceland 5 Yes

Ireland 50 – 100 100 Partly

Latvia 40 Yes

Lithuania 25 Yes

Luxembourg 20 Yes

Poland 10 - 100 Yes

Slovak Rep. 10-25 Partly

Spain 25 - 150 200 – 500 Mostly


Selected Cities and Areas for EUROAIRNET(per September 1999) November 2000

OVERVIEW

Cities/aggl. >25,000 355 411

Class 1 63 66

Class 2 57 60

Class 3 198 236

Class 4 37 49

Industrial areas outside cities 46 113

Small towns 16 40

Rural areas 219 280

Sum, areas 636 847


EUROAIRNET Status – November 2000

Per Dec. 1999 Per Nov. 2000

Cities/agglomerations 915 945

Small towns 28 40

Industrial areas 96 216

Rural areas 231 296______

1275 1497______

Overview of selected stations


EUROAIRNET Station SelectionStatus April 1999

Compound coverage

82 80

53

43

25

1510

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

SO2 NO2 O3 CO PM10 Pb Benzen

Me

as

ure

d a

t %

of

sta

tio

ns


MAPS, EUROAIRNET Stations


EUROAIRNET Status – 2000 Population covered by EUROAIRNET selection

Total population,

millions

Population covered

Inhabitants per station

Cities/agglomerations 170 65% 100 000

Rural areas 260 ? 1 million

Industrial areas ? ? ?


Evaluation/Acceptance Process of EUROAIRNET Selection

1. Station selection 1997 - 1999.

2. Evaluation by ETC-AQ June - August 1999

3. Re-evaluation by NRC August - November 1999

4. Finalization of 1st Stage EUROAIRNET


EoI Data in AIRBASE

1997 1998 1999

SO2 937 1098 929

NO2 865 1075 985

PM10 145 237 235

TSP 493 645 491

CO 206 465 610

O3 641 837 739

Number of annual time series


MAPS, EoI Data


EVALUATION of EUROAIRNET Selection

RURAL AREAS

All countries should make selection (10 countries have not selected so far)

Countries should confirm that their selection fulfils the criteria:

at least 50% of the rural population should be represented by the stations selected

the selection should give a representative picture of the exposure of ecosystems in the country


Compounds measured at Rural EuroAirNet Stations (2000)

Stations representing

Ecosystems exposure

Population exposure

SO2 181 143

NO2 181 138

PM10 29

O3 209 163

SO4-- aerosol 51

Precip. Ions 76


Rural Stations/Data in AIRBASEMeasurement Methods

Monitors Chemical methods

SO2 190 43

NO2 205 21

O3 282 -

PM10 39 1


Rural maps

s.larssen: eionet-ws-may-01.ppt slide 1 euroairnet *goal-european network with sufficient spatial...

Documents

rural areas areas

industrial areas

area station selection

cities rural areas total

different climatic areas

existing monitoring

stations general

criteria development