situational analysis srirangapur

V & A Programme S i t u a t i o n a l A n a l y s i s S t a g e - I I R e p o r t , A P

SRIRANGAPUR VILLAGE, KONDURG

MANDAL

INTRODUCTION

Kondurg Mandal is one of the 64 Mandals in Mahabubngar District, it is

located in the northern part of Mahabubnagar District, 3 sides of the Mandal

are bounded by Ranga Reddy District. Kondurg is one of the Mandals with

largest number of Gram Panchayats (39 nos.) The Mandal is located at

around 17 Degree N latitudes and 78 Degree E longitudes. (see Map 3).

Photo 1 Srirangapur Village

The topography is undulating and dotted with granitic outcrops and sheet

rocks. Other features are bushy vegetation, scattered and thorny scrub land,


intermittent streams, and few ephemeral tanks all combine to produce a

landscape serene and beautiful.

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Map 1 Villages in Kondurg Mandal

Srirangapur Village


Srirangapur village in Kondurg Mandal is selected for V & A Programme. It is

located towards the eastern part of Kondurg Mandal, Mahabubnagar District.

It is situated at about 12 kilometers distance from Kondurg Mandal

Headquarters and 60 kilometers distance from Mahabubnagar town. It lies on

the road connecting Shadnagar and Pargi. This village has one hamlet called

‘Somarampadu’. The nearest town is Shadnagar, which is about 12 kms away

from this village. The National Highway No. 7 passes through Shadnagar

town. The area around the village has some granitic outcrops, the area is

undulating. There is a low order stream passing through the village, over

which a chain of tanks are built. The total geographical area is 484 hectares.

Although the ground water resource is good, this is being exploited at a rapid

phase.

Photo 2 PRA – Villagers participating in the resource mapping – Srirangapur Village

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Photo 3 Resource map of the as done by the villagers – Srirangapur Vullage

Photo 4 Participation of people in the awareness through ventriloquism - Srirangapur Village.

Self Help groups (SHGs), Rythu Mithra Groups (RMGs), User Groups etc are

existing and are functional. There are also village level institutions -

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Watershed committee and Association, Village Organization (VO)1 existing in

this village. Good transportation and communication facilities exist in the

village and overall literacy rate is better in this village.

SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS

Populat ion

This is a heterogeneous village with representation of people from diverse

castes and socio-economic structure. The total population of the village is

923 with 187 households.

Majority of the villagers belong to Backward Caste (BC) and Scheduled Caste

(SC). The Other caste and Minorities are few in numbers. There is no

Scheduled Tribe (ST) population in this village (see graph 1).

POPULATION

0

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100150

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300

350400

450

500

ScheduledCaste

ScheduledTribe

BackwardCaste

Other Caste Minorities

Graph 1 Distribution of Population

With a population of 923 nos and 187 households this village is relatively

small in size. Somarampadu is one small hamlet under this Gram Panchayat.

The Sarpanch of this village is a Woman from Scheduled Caste.

The sex ratio is 951 (Males 473 and Female 450), this is in contrast to the sex

ratio of children below 14 years age (Boys 73 and Girls 88), which is high.

1 Federation of SHGs at Village level is called – Village Organisation (VO).

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Majority of the population is occupied with agriculture as primary activity.

And 90% of the population i.e., 188 people are identified as agricultural

laborers. The percentage of agricultural laborers is high because majority of

them are marginal and small farmers.

Number of non-agriculture labourers

4%

Number of village artisans

6%

Number of Agriculture Labourers

90%

The poorest of the poor (POP) are from the SC and BC community about 14

families are identified as poorest of the poor by IKP / VELUGU2 programme.

In this village the migration of people is not so high; only 24 people are

migrating seasonally and are engaged in construction and agricultural work.

The number of people migrated permanently are just four.

Education

Mogiligidda and Shadnagar are the two nearby places with schools and

colleges, most of the children go to these places for middle, secondary and

2 Indira Kranthi Patham (IKP) / Velugu : This the largest programme supported by World Bank in Andhra Pradesh State for poverty alleviation, facilitated by Society for Elimination of Rural Poverty (SERP), under the department of rural development, Government of Andhra Pradesh.

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higher level education. There are also 6 boys and 8 girls not enrolled in

school and 4 boys and 5 girls are working as wage laborers.

About 50 % of the people are literates, of which 62.3 % of them are Males

and 37.7 % are Females.

Self Help Groups (SHGs)

Eight Self Help Groups (SHGs) for women are existing in the village, which are

still in primitive and consumption stages. Most of them are involved in

agriculture and are yet to take up enterprise activities.

Role of women in the watershed programme: women are attending meetings

but decisions are taken mostly by men

SHGs participation in community decision making /activities – Members from

the groups represent but are not able to pursue better for getting an

assurance for proposed actions.

These are the areas where SHGs need to be strengthened; decision making in

agricultural activity could be further strengthened, involving them in non-

farm based livelihood activities (diversification and economic security), more

participation for improving the Natural Resources and motivating them for

political representation.

Health and Sanitat ion

There are only 25 sanitary latrines existing in this village, which would lead to

health problems as the number of sanitary latrines existing are inadequate.

Poorest of the Poor

There are only 4 poorest of the poor families identified in this village; they

could be given priority and be brought under the appropriate schemes of the

Government.

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Rainfal l and Temperature

The Normal Rainfall of Kondurg Mandal is 639 mm as compared to the

District Normal of 604mm. And the south west monsoon is erratic which

accounts for the maximum rainfall. This Mandal is also prone to drought as

every 3rd year there had been negative deviation in rainfall from normal (see

table below). Kondurg Mandal is an interior area, with hot summers (Temp.

39 deg C to 41 deg C) and warm winters (25 deg C to 35 deg C). The summer

period is from March to May.

Rainfall in (mm) Average

NORMALS 639.0 604.7

1999-2000 610.0 460.0

% OF DEVI -4.5 -23.9

2000-01 675.4 668.8

% OF DEVI 5.7 10.6

2001-02 772.6 686.6

% OF DEVI 20.9 13.5

2002-03 585.4 538.9

% OF DEVI -8.4 -10.9

2003-04 699.6 624.0

% OF DEVI 9.5 3.2

Land

The land use pattern of Srirangapur village is shown in graph 2. This data is for the

year 2004-05. Because of successive drought the currant fallows were high i.e., 389

Hectares. There is no land available for Forest and pasture lands.

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0

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Graph 2 Land use particulars in hectares

Land Use Pattern Area (Hectares)

2004-2005

Total Geographical area 484Current fallow 389Net area sown (total cropped area) 372Cultivable waste 62Area sown more than once 32Barren and uncultivable land 22Miscellaneous tree crops and groves 7.2Land put to non-agriculture use 3.2

Table 1 Land use pattern

Soi ls

There are mainly two types of soils in the village, Red (60%) and Black cotton

soils (40%), Which are suitable for growing diverse crops.

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SOILS

Red Soil60%

Black soil40%

Graph 3 Types of soils

Agriculture

Agriculture is the main livelihood activity in this village and also the

dependent agricultural laborers are more. Majority of the farmers are

marginal and small land holders. Maize, Cotton, Paddy, Jowar and Castor are

the major crops grown in this village, which are grown mostly during the

Kharif3 season (see graph 1 and table 1).

CROPPING PATTERN

51

410

280

25 35

0

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350

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450

Paddy Maize Cotton Castor J owar

IN A

CRES

3 There are basically three seasons, Kharif – Rainy, Rabi – Winter, Zaid – Summer.

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Graph 4 Major crops cultivation in Srirangapur Village

Table 2 Major Crops Cultivated and their average yields

Main Crops 2004-05 in Ac. Average Yield per Ac. In Kgs.

Maize 410 5280Cotton 280 5760Paddy 54 10800Jowar 35 1440Castor 25 3600Total 804

The major crops cultivated in this village in the last 20 years were basically

commercial crops Coriander (20 yrs back), Cotton (10 yrs back) and now

Maize (see graph ).

MAJOR CROPS GROWN

300

310

320

330

340

350

360

370

380

390

1

Maize Cotton Corriander

Present 10 years ago

20 years ago

Their priority had been changing because of market prices, input costs and

risk factors (due to pests). As this village is close to Hyderabad city and

Shadnagar town, vegetables are also cultivated like tomatoes, chilies and

brinjals. Some of the farmers are also growing flowers seasonally. Two

farmers are successfully cultivating Marigold, Chrysanthimum and

Kanakambaram or rubies which they are marketing in Hyderabad for good

remuneration. There is also one mango orchard of 2 hectares in this village

(see table 2).

Table 3 Horticulture - vegetables, fruits, flowers

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Name of Species No.of Farmers Area (Hectares)Tomato 18 4Chillies 14 3.2Brinjal 18 4.2Kanakambaralu 1 0.2Mango 1 2Total 52 13.6

Last year, few farmers started cultivating BT-Cotton. Farmers are planning to

increase their BT-cotton cultivating area in the next year too, even though

there were no encouraging yields from BT-Cotton4 grown in other parts of the

State.

The area brought under cultivation has increased in the last 20 years from

680 acres to 920 acres (see graph 6). This is due to increase in intensity of

cultivation.

AREA UNDER CULTIVATION

920

825

680

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1

Acre

s

Current (2005)

10 years ago (1995-2004)

20 years ago (1985-1994)

Graph 5 Area brought under cultivation

The chemical fertilizers use has increased, on an average farmers are using

upto 5 bags per acre of land.

4 BT-Cotton: Bacillus Thurengensis (BT) – Modified cotton crop to control occurrence of Helicoverpa pest.

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The farmers are satisfied with the outputs from rainfed crops such as Maize,

Castor and Cotton grown during the Kharif season (year 2005). Although

there were intermittent rains due to depressions in Bay of Bengal, it

appeared that they would loose their crops but the subsequent weather was

favorable, especially during the ripening stage and the crops were saved. Not

with the case of Paddy and Jowar, the intermittent rains arrived during

harvesting period and they had to face the losses (see table 3).

Table 4 The crops loss due to intermittent rains – year 2005.

Crop Sown

(acres

)

Damage

d

(acres)

Percentag

e of yield

loss

Remarks

1 Paddy 51 25 50 Heavy rains during

transplantation and

harvesting period.

2 Jowar 35 35 80 The left over grains would be

used as livestock feed.

Source: Field observations and discussion with farmers (October 2005)

The agricultural produce is sold to non-institutional sources without any value

addition. Although there are Rythu Mithra Groups (RMG)5 in the village,

farmers are well organized but are unable to get the extension services

effectively.

5 Rythu Mithra Groups – These are farmers groups, each consisting of 15 members, formed by the department of agriculture for facilitating farmers, for inputs, loan facilities, revolving fund, marketing, capacity building and accessing other extension services.

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Case Study 1

Mr. G. Ramchandraiaha is a middle aged farmer having 15 acres of land. He is eldest of the four brothers, who are living together as Joint family. They are cultivating Coriander seeds, sunflower, Tella Kusuma (oil seeds), Vama, Cotton, Paddy, Maize, and Vegetables (tomatoes and Brinjals). He is having one borewell source with which he is able to irrigate only few crops and rest of them are rainfed. They use fertilizers like DAP and Urea. Chemical pesticides are mainly used for vegetable crops and cotton. This family has the reputation as hard working and is respected by the villagers.


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Case 2Mr. Narasimha Reddy is about 45 years old, he owns 12 acres of land. This land was not so fertile with sandy soils. To improve the fertility of the soil, he applied the tank silt from the village tanks and red soil. Subsequently the fertility of the soil improved and he is able to cultivate diverse crops economically.

Photo 5 The Kanakambaram plants in the background and prepared fertile soil in the foreground.

For irrigation till 10 years back he had an openwell source, which has gone dry. He is using the water from a borewell source to irrigate part of his land. This water source is unable to support all his land so some of the crops are rainfed.

Earlier he was growing traditional crops like, small millets (tidalu, sajjalu and jowar) and pigeon pea. The management practices were primarily traditional, was applying Farm Yard Manure (FYM) and compost from sheep and goats.

But now he is no more traditional, growing crops like vegetables (tamatoes, brinjals, etc.) chillies, flowers (kanakambaram), paddy, cotton and maize. He is also using the chemical fertilizers (DAP, Urea, etc.) and pesticides. Recently he learnt the vermiculture and producing vermicompost in his field. He is considered as a progressive farmer by the villagers and other villagers follow him.


Land Holding

Majority of the farmers in the village are Small and Marginal and majority of

them belong to backward and scheduled castes (see graph 3 and table 2).

The land resources are not distributed equitably, from graph it is evident that

other caste people are mainly large farmers.

LAND HOLDING PARTICULARS

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Total

Other BackwardCaste

Schedule Caste

Other CasteMarginal

Small

Large

Graph 6 Land holding particulars

Category of Households Land HoldingsMarginal

Small Large Total

Total 64 90 21 175Other Backward Caste 34 62 8 104Schedule Caste 26 24 2 52Other Caste 4 4 11 19

Table 5 Landholding size and the households

Livestock

The availability of common land / grazing lands is one of the limitations for

families not having large numbers of livestock. The number of families

possessing dairy animals has come down in the last 10 years. The availability

of the grazing land has come down very much from 100 acres to 5 acres in

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the last 20 years (see graph ). The private commons6 are also protected and

are not being allowed for common grazing. Livestock is also an important

asset to cope with drought situation and difficult times.

LIVESTOCK POPULATION

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Cows Bullocks Buffaloes Sheep Goat

Current (2005) 10 years ago (1995-2004)20 years ago (1985-1994)

Backyard poultry is a very common activity for majority of the people. The

small ruminants (sheep and goats) are possessed by limited number of

families particularly with specific community, Golla and Kuruva. There is also

priority and preference by people for engaging in dairying. There is need to

create alternative solutions for fodder availability to encourage keeping the

livestock.

6 Private Commons – Private Land available during off-season, where usually the land owner doesn’t object to other villages grazing their animals.

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Water Resources

The irrigation under tanks is very much limited due to non / poor

maintenance of the existing tanks. There are very few functioning openwells

and People are more and more dependent on the borewells. As a result the

number of borewells are growing every year leading to over exploitation of

the meager groundwater resources. For improving the irrigation sources the

following possibilities are existing:

1. Renovation of existing structures or strengthening.

2. Creation of proper drainage facilities for water harvesting and treating the

water logging areas.

3. Desilting of tanks, renovating the feeder channels and drainage lines and

removal of vegetation occupying the tank bed.

4. Creation of new water harvesting structures at feasible locations.

Watershed Programme

The watershed programme was started in this village in 2003. The watershed

committee has so far received Rs. 8 lakhs fund, about Rs. 6.5 lakhs fund is

still available. The works done so far are laying of earth bunds (174.6 mts),

constructed 7 masonry checkdams, 79 gully control structures and 450 kgs.

of Fodder seed distributed. 15000 saplings were raised in nurseries for

afforestation and social forestry and one feeder channel was also dug. Future

plans are to renovate 3 tanks with revetment and construct 2 more masonry

check dams. There are no conflicts in the village regarding the ongoing

watershed programme.

Watershed Information

Name of the Watershed Srirangapur

Funds received by WSC 8,00,000Balance funds available 6,50,000Total WDF Collected 1,50,000

Physical and Financial Information

Name of the ActivityStructures

completed as on today

Phy. Fin. (Rs.)

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Bunding (meters) 174.6 3.17699Masonary Checkdams (nos) 7 2.58691GC Works (nos) 79 0.73569Administrative 0.17563Fodder development (kgs of seed) 450 0.107Others A.F/S.F (saplings nos) 15000 0.09303Feeder Channel (no) 1 0.06Home seeds 0.060

The people have recognized and are aware about the importance of the

watershed programme, therefore there is good participation of people in the

watershed meetings. Greater role should be provided for SHGs in the

watershed programme to operate as user groups. Overall the watershed

programme is going on well in all aspects.

Graph 7 Resource Map, Srirangapur Village

Status of water resources, qualitative aspect

Surface water - Adequate storage facilities (tanks / ponds) are not created

and the available surface water is not shared judiciously.

Groundwater - About 75% of open wells are dry and/or about 25% of total

borewells are dry. The open wells can be used for recharging the aquifers.

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The number of borewells for irrigation has increased many times in the last

20 years.

Drinking water (DW) - Adequate DW sources are created and shared

judiciously. Water is available throughout the year. There are two hand pump

borewells, which are also used for drinking water. The village is having an

overhead tank and water is supplied regularly through pipes.

Soil Moisture - Moisture content improved very little with the

implementation of the watershed programme and farmers are able to get one

secure crop.

Energy

Most of the families are still using fuel wood as energy source for domestic

cooking, this is causing health problems to women. It also involves

considerable amount of time to fetch the firewood too. At the same time to

conserve consumption of fuel wood, there is a need to provide smokeless

chullahs.

Photo 6 A defunct biogas plant

About 65 LPG gas connections were provided to 65 families, which are not

used regularly for cooking, because the LPG refilling costs are very high for

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the families to afford. Although there are 4 biogas plants in the village, none

of them are functional. The biogas plants are damaged need to be repaired to

make them functional.

Energy conservation is also an important issue, to save energy (electricity)

there are some options like: The farmers need to install capacitors for all

agricultural borewells, this will not only reduces the consumption of the

power, but also prevents the burning of motors due to power fluctuations.

Lighting is the most essential thing, especially for children’s education, for

domestic and street lighting they could use white Light Emitting Diodes

(LEDs) which are cool, bright and long lasting. On pilot basis some Lighting

Modules could be installed in the village. With them villagers would save the

precious subsidized electricity consumption.

As majority of the farmers are marginal and small, the draught animals are

still a major source of energy for agricultural activities and local

transportation.

Women are spending lots of time and energy for fetching drinking water,

fuelwood and fodder, i.e., about 4 hours per day. Women need to walk about

1 km for getting the fuel wood for cooking and about 20 years back the

distance was just 0.5 kms. The fuelwood access has diminished over years,

because of excessive cutting. There is need to improve options in these

sectors for availability and access.

Common Pool Resource (CPR)

The CPR is very much limited involving community in CPR related activities

has little scope.

Inst itut ions Funct ioning at Vi l lage level

These are the following government departments or agencies programs /

services in the village.

Ongoing Programmes

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SGRY,

9th Finance commission,

DPAP / DWMA (2003-04),

The total amount allocated till date for the above programmes is 5 lakhs and

50 thousand only.

Natural Resources Management (NRM)

Agriculture Department / Rythu Mitra Groups (RMGs).

Animal Husbandry

Irrigation Dept (Minor / Medium / Major)

NEDCAP – (biogas plants)

Social Aspects

Dist. Rural Dev. Agency (DRDA) / District Poverty Initiatives Programme

(DPIP) / Indira Kranthi Patham

DPEP / Education

Medical and Health

SC Corporation

BC Welfare / BC Corporation

Social Welfare Department

Anganwadi / ICDS - Women and Children Welfare

Housing Department – Houses constructed by the government for SCs /

BCs / Poor.

Services

Civil supplies / Public Distribution system

Rural water supply (Panchayat Raj dept.)

Electricity

Telecommunications / BSNL – Telephone facilities

Artisans - Adarana scheme for artisans – supply of tools by Govt.

Infrastructure Exist ing

The following infrastructure exists in the village:

Water and Soil Conservation Activities

1. 6 no. of Irrigation Tanks

2. 6 no. of Borewells for drinking

3. 1 Overhead tank

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4. Check dams

5. Plantations of saplings

Buildings

1. Gram Pachayat Office

2. Primary School

3. Community hall

4. Bus Stop - Shelter along the PWD road (½ km from the village).

5. Mid-day meal center building – near the school

6. Anganwadi building

Roads

Within the village CC roads are existing and this village is connected to the

PWD road, about half km from village.

Common Facilities

1. This village is provided Electricity service

2. 1 Library/Resource centre is located in the village.

3. Telephone connectivity (8 connections) existing in this village.

Infrastructure gaps

Water and Soil Conservation Activities

1. 4 Irrigation Tanks

2. 2 borewell - Hand Pumps for drinkingwater

3. House Hold level connections from overhead tank

4. 4 Check dams

5. Plantation along bunds of 4 Water harvesting strictures

4

Marketing Infrastructuure

1 Community grains storage godown

Dairy

1 Milk collection center is required in the village.

Common Facilities

Villagers have requested for Village knowledge center and Automatic

weather station.

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READINESS AND WILLINGNESS OF THE VILLAGERS

During the focused group discussions the villagers have expressed their

readiness and willingness on the following aspects.

Adopting group centered management practices

Watershed programme activities through thrift groups by contributing

to works.

Involvement in production enhancement activities

Working on Agriculture based micro-enterprises.

Value addition to agricultural produce

Non-agriculture based micro-enterprises.

Promoting more percolation tanks for rainwater harvesting.

Development of assigned lands

Leasing of land to SHGs by the community

Seed bank and seed improvement

Management of kuntas and tanks

Desilting of tanks/conversion to percolation tanks and reviving

community practice of de-silting the tanks

Converting check dams to percolation tanks

Taking up ridge level percolation pits

Taking supply/feeder channels to the tanks and managing them

Use of CPR for tree plantations

Demarcating land for protection (from grazing & tree felling)

SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This preliminary study is useful in understanding the various types of

Resources and the ongoing livelihood activities in the pilot village. And based

on this study the following observations were made:

Agriculture

1. People are traditionally involved in agriculture but there is need for them

to adapt to the organic and sustainable agricultural practices.

2. Agriculture is the major livelihood activity in this village, hence there is

need to give them better skills in on-farm and off-farm related activities

On-farm: Floriculture, Olericulture and Horticulture.

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Off-farm: Dairy, Backyard poultry, ram lamb, sheep development, etc.

3. Farmer Field School (FFS) concept can be tried to demonstrate the suitable

sustainable agricultural practices.

4. There is scope to explore traditional knowledge in agricultural practices. PTD can

be tried to innovate locally suitable sustainable agricultural practices.

5. The villagers need to be mobilized for collective decision in choice of crops

and marketing.

6. There is no seed bank in this village, a seed bank could be promoted for

conserving the traditional indigenous seeds which are resistant to climate

variability.

7. A grain bank need to be promoted for food security.

8. Majority of the farmers are small and marginal, there is a need to provide

additional livelihood opportunities for the farmers.

9. The black and red soils are suitable for diverse crops.

10.Need to adapt scientific methods (like Soil testing) for better management

of the soils.

11. There is also need to provide with knowledge and technology to improve

the existing lands and to bring the fallow lands under cultivation.

12.Should have better Marketing linkages / information

13.Advise on cropping – choice of crops and management practices, there is

a need for better extension of services by the agriculture department.

14.There is still more potential for strengthening the farm based activities.

15.More working days could be generated under watershed programme

16.More credit could be accessed from banks for inputs.

17.There is a lot to improve or work for non farm based livelihood activities,

improvement of natural resources to cope in lean season and for food

security.

Livestock

18.The stress period for availability of fodder is during March and July. There

is a need to promote alternative measures to mitigate the impact. There is

great scope to grow fodder trees on bunds / under social forestry, avenue

plantation, etc.

19.There is a need to revive the dairy sector. The milk production is directly

related to availability of fodder. The farmers are well aware of the leguminous

fodder, there is a need to encourage and provide seed and other inputs for

fodder improvement.

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20.Breeding is limited to few months only, between February and March, and

October and December months. There is need to improve the overall

breeding programme and also to control the seasonal diseases with the help

of para-vets yet to be identified.

21.There is potential for dairy as supportive livelihood activity, with the

storage and transportation facilities existing nearby.

22.Options for breed improvement to be explored (tellicherry goats, etc.)

Water

23. More area can be brought under cultivation through water

conservation measures and practices (reduced paddy cultivation, micro

irrigation systems, etc.)

24. The 14 open wells in the village are not functioning – can be made into

the recharge wells.

25. There are 6 tanks in the village out of which only 4 tanks are used for

irrigation and the total irrigated area is only 18 hectares. Need to renovate

the 2 tanks and to increase the capacity of rest of the tanks.

26. Under the ongoing watershed programme there is scope for

development in the following sectors - fodder development, Agro- and social

forestry, horticulture development, promotion of quality of seeds,

vermiculture, Sustainable Agricultural methods, non-farm livelihoods, etc and

also Facilitation for silt removal from the village tanks for application in the

dry lands.

27. Water balance studies can be conducted for calculating the water

harvesting potential and ground water exploration. This study is also used as

planning and monitoring tool for water management.

Energy

28. The villagers need to get exposed to the successful case studies

elsewhere on energy conservation and alternative technologies.

29. Need to revive the defunct biogas plants.

30. Villagers need to be introduced to Improved chullahs / stoves for

energy conservation, gasifier stove - Anila, solar cookers etc.

31. Explore options for installation of Gasifiers based electricity generators

– which would work with wasted biomass.

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32. Installation of White Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) in few households for

demonstration on power conservation.

33. Women are spending lots of time and energy for fetching water,

fuelwood and fodder, i.e., about 4 hours per day. There is need to improve

options in these sectors – availability and access.

Common Pool Resources (CPR)

34. There is potential to plant useful saplings all along the 10 acres of land

available along the road margins and 7 acres of land along the canal bunds

involving women SHGs.

Social Capital

35. Group centered activities are already going on in this village through

SHGs and Rythu Mithra Groups (RMGs) which need to be strengthened

further. Through provision of revolving fund the women groups could access

the credit for group centered activites.

36. Strengthening SHGs by facilitating access to credit and markets

through convergence.

37. Other CBOs in the village need to be further strengthened and

networked at the Gram Panchayat level.

Services

38. Establishment of Village knowledge Center and training center on

using the computers.

39. Establishment of Automatic weather station – for knowledge on the

climate variability and weather forecast. Information on anticipated weather.

40. More credit should be made available to the villagers through banks

and other sources for their activities.

41. All the households should have sanitary latrines.

42. Similarly the safe drinking water access to be made available to all the

households.

Livel ihoods Diversi f icat ion

43.Alternative livelihood activities: The people in this village are mainly

dependant on agriculture as primary activity. As majority of the farmers are

marginal and small, there is need for livelihoods diversification by the people.

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The people need to be provided trainings and skills for adapting to diverse

trades. This would also provide additional employment opportunities. People

are well aware of the developments in various fields, therefore it is easy for

them to diversify and adapt to other livelihood options.

44. The women and youth in the village should be imparted trainings in

Micro enterprise development.

45. Alternative livelihood options need to be provided to the educated

youth in the village. For example youth could be trained on electrical repairs

(motor winding and pumps) and servicing home appliances.

ACTIVITIES COMPLETED

In Srirangapur village the following activities were completed till date

Awareness through interaction with community and awareness

programmes using folk media, songs, puppetry, street plays, etc.

Primary data collection – Structured format and Focused Group

Discussions.

PRA exercises for community participation, awareness and information

collection (Resource Mapping, seasonality and Transect walk).

Identification of Pilot Farmers and collection of the agricultural output

samples from Pilot farmers.

Grama Sabhas were held and the villagers have taken resolution to

participate in this programme.

Case studies (from pilot villages) collected.

Process documentation – record of activities and events in the project

villages, video and photo documentation of all the events.

ACTIVITIES PLANNED FOR YEAR 2006

A. Implementation of the Programme – F ield Level

Act iv it ies

1. Facilitate PTD on agriculture, water and energy for selected farmers and

groups

2. Capacity building farmers (on specific best practices1 ) and CBO’s

(institutional aspects)

3. Demonstration of location specific best practices

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B. Capacity Bui lding, Documentation and Awareness

1. Validation and documentation of selected coping practices beyond pilot

villages

2. Awareness campaign on climate change/variability

3. Development of information, education and communication (IEC) material

4. Establishment of the Village Knowledge Centers

5. Training of weather Managers.

AFPROs role will be major with respect to all the above aspects, except for B4

and B5 points where it is supportive role to MSSRF. AFPRO will be working

together with National and International Consortium partners, through

sharing, learning and incorporating the ideas for successful implementation

of the V & A programme.

All the proposed activities for implementation are in Yearly Plan of

Operation (YPO), 2006.

Note:1. All the Participatory Technology Developments will be

implemented through Pilot Farmers.2. Where ever possible some of the activities will be implemented

through convergence with ongoing programmes.

ANNEXURES

I. SUCCESS STORIES OF NGOs IN ANDHRA PRADESH

II. MAPS OF KONDURG MANDAL

III. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS INFORMATION OF SRIRANGAPUR VILLAGE,

KONDURG MANDAL

IV. YPO, 2006

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