situational analysis kothur

V & A Programme S i t u a t i o n a l A n a l y s i s S t a g e - I I R e p o r t , A P

KOTHUR VILLAGE, MIDJIL MANDAL

INTRODUCTION

Midjil Mandal is one of the 64 Mandals in Mahabubngar District, it is located in

the north-eastern part of Mahabubnagar District. This is the only Mandal

identified as ‘dark area’ where more than 90 % of the recharge capacity of

groundwater resources are exploited. There are 28 villages in this Mandal.

Midjil Mandal is located at around 16 Degree 44 minutes N latitude and 78

Degree 21 minutes E longitude.

The topography is undulating and dotted with granitic tors and sheet rocks.

Other features are bushy vegetation, scattered and thorny scrub land,

Dundubi

and its tributaries flow through this Mandal, and presence of few ephemeral

tanks all combine to produce a beautiful landscape.

Dundubi Tributary

Dundubi Stream

MidjiMidjill

KothurKothur

Map 1 Location map of Kothur village and the Dundubi stream, Midjil Mandal (Source: Google Earth)


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Within Midjil Mandal, Kothur village is selected for V & A Programme. It is

about 50 kilometers distance from Mahabubnagar town and 7kms away from

Mandal Headquarters - Midjil. This village has one hamlet called ‘Mallapur’.

The nearest major town is Jadcherla, which is about 30 kms away from this

village. The National Highway No. 7 passes through Jadcherla town. The area

around the village has some granitic outcrops and the topography is

undulating. There is a stream called Dundubi and its tributary adjoining this

village. The total geographical area is 680 hectares.

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Photo 1 Kothur Village, Midjil Mandal

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Kothur Village


Photo 1 Villagers are participating in the participatory resource mapping

Photo 2 Kalajatha – Awareness campaign on V & A Programme

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Photo 3 Women participation in the V & A awareness programme

In the village Self Help groups (SHGs), Rythu Mithra Groups (RMGs) and User

Groups are existing and are functioning. There are also village level

institutions like Watershed Association and Village Organization (VO)1 in the

village. The transportation facilities are difficult to this village as it is about 7

kms from the main road. This village has telephone Communication facilities.

SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS

Populat ion

This is a heterogeneous village with representation of people from diverse

castes and socio-economic structure. The total population of the village is

1462 with 224 households. Majority of the villagers belong to Backward Caste

(BC) and Scheduled Caste (SC). The Other caste and Minorities are few in

numbers. There is no Scheduled Tribe (ST) population in this village. Mallapur

is one small hamlet under this Gram Panchayat. The Sarpanch of this village

is a Woman from General category. She participates actively in all the

programmes and activities in the village. 1 Federation of SHGs at Village level is called – Village Organisation (VO).

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POPULATION

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BackwardCaste

ScheduledCaste

Other Caste Minorities

Graph 1 Distribution of Population

The sex ratio is 965 (Males 744 and Female 718). This is in contrast to the

sex ratio of children below 6 years which is 1148 (boys 54 and girls 62).

Majority of the population is occupied with agriculture as primary activity.

There are about 255 agricultural laborers.

Number of non-agriculture

labourers, 20

Number of Agriculture

Labourers, 255

Number of village artisans,

15

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The poorest of the poor are from the BC and SC communities, about 12

families are identified by IKP / VELUGU2 programme.

In this village the migration of people is not so high; only 14 people are

migrating seasonally and are engaged in construction and agricultural work.

Education

The literacy rate is poor in this village as it is remote a remote village. This

village has a middle level school and most of the children go to the school.

There is only one boy not going to school. The literacy rate is 43% of which

males is high (57%) as compared to females (29%).

Self Help Groups (SHGs)

There are 15 Self Help Groups (SHGs) for women, majority of them are in

consumption stage. About 4 are in asset formation and 2 in incremental

stage.

General Total women population 590No.of women covered in SHGs 218No. of SHGs in Village 15Total corpus 764388SHGs networked (Yes/No)? YesAgriculture Labour 145Single woman 2Women headed HH 15Stage of Women SHGs No. of groupsPrimitive 1Consumption 8Incremental income 2Asset Formation 4Total SHGs 15

Regarding member’s participation in group meetings all decisions are taken

collectively and they are happy with the result.

2 Indira Kranthi Patham (IKP) / Velugu : This the largest programme supported by World Bank in Andhra Pradesh State for poverty alleviation, facilitated by Society for Elimination of Rural Poverty (SERP), under the department of rural development, Government of Andhra Pradesh.

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SHGs participation in community decision making /activities - Groups

represent but are not able to pursue better for getting an assurance for

proposed actions.

CASTE WISE REPRSENTATION IN SHGs

88

103

27

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

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OC

BC

SC

Name of SHG

Date of formation

Corpus (Rs) Others (Rs)

Corpus (Rs)S

CBC

OC Total

Savings

Interest

DRDA/DPIP contribution

Ambedkar 28.9.1995

13 0 0 13 47850 3806 12500 30000 64156

Arunjyothi 28.9.1995

15 0 0 15 54900 4392 12500 30000 71792

Swathi 28.9.1995

15 0 0 15 54900 4392 12500 30000 71792

Vasantha 14.10.95 6 9 0 15 54450 4392 12500 30000 71342

Bramarambika

12.3.1999

0 15 0 15 36000 2880 7600 90000 46480

Malleshwari 15.4.1997

0 24 0 15 46350 3708 0 0 50058

Santhosimatha

26.12.99 1 14 0 15 31950 2556 12500 80000 47006

Susmitha 4.6.1999 0 12 3 15 34650 2772 12500 90000 49922Indira.p.darsini

12.12.97 0 8 2 10 28500 2280 12500 30000 43280

Lalitha 15.12.97 0 3 12 15 42750 3420 12500 30000 58670Jyothi 25.3.199

72 5 8 15 46800 3744 12500 30000 63044

Vidya 8.6.1999 1 12 2 15 34650 2772 0 0 37422Rajeshwari 12.8.199

95 10 0 15 39150 3132 0 0 42282

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Jhansi 12.12.97 15 0 0 15 31950 2556 0 0 34506Maruthi 18.9.200

315 0 0 15 11700 936 0 0 12636

Total 88

103

27 218 596550

47738 120100 764388

SHGs need to be strengthened in the following areas; involving them in non-

farm based livelihood activities (diversification and economic security), more

participation for improving the Natural Resources and motivating them for

political representation.

Health and Sanitat ion

There are 140 sanitary latrines existing in this village, during transect in the

village it is found that still majority of people desecrate outside, which would

lead to health problems. As the number of sanitary latrines existing are

inadequate their numbers need to be increased.

Kitchen Garden: There is only one kitchen garden in the village; it is the most

diversified and meeting all the vegetable and fruit needs of a family. There is

potential to encourage the villagers for having kitchen gardens – for health

and nutrition of the families.

Poorest of the Poor

There are only 12 poorest of the poor families identified in this village; they

could be given priority and be brought under the appropriate schemes of the

Government.

Rainfal l and Temperature

The Normal Rainfall of Kondurg Mandal is 618 mm as compared to the

District Normal of 604mm. And the south west monsoon is erratic which

accounts for the maximum rainfall. Kondurg Mandal is an interior area, with

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hot summers (Temp. 39 deg C to 41 deg C) and warm winters (25 deg C to 35

deg C). The summer period is from March to May.

Table 1 Rainfall pattern – Midjil Mandal

Rainfall in (mm)

NORMALS 618.0

1999-2000 524.7

% OF DEVI -15.1

2000-01 761.4

% OF DEVI 23.2

2001-02 691.0

% OF DEVI 11.8

2002-03 619.9

% OF DEVI 0.3

2003-04 711.4

% OF DEVI 15.1

Land

The land use pattern of Kothur village is shown in graph 1. This is for the

latest data for year 2004-05, it is observed that there is no forest and pasture

land categories.

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Table 2 Land Use Pattern

Land Use Pattern Area (Hectares) 2004-2005

Total Geographical area 680Net area sown (total cropped area) 476Cultivable waste 152Area sown more than once 120Barren and uncultivable land 92Land put to non-agriculture use 3.2

Soi ls

There are three types of soils in the village - Black soils (48%), Sandy soils

(27%) and Red soils (21%) (see graph 2). Some of the lands have turned

alkaline due to irrigation and high evaporation conditions.

SOILSRed Soil21%

Sandy soils31%

Black soil48%

Graph 3 Types of soils

Agriculture

Agriculture is the main livelihood activity in this village and also the

dependent agricultural laborers are more. Majority of the farmers are

marginal and small land holders. Castor, Cotton, Jowar, Redgram, Maize,

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Paddy and Groundnut are the major crops grown in this village, which are

grown mostly during the Kharif3 season.

In this village over years people were cultivating traditional crops like

redgram and castor. In the last 5 years they have switched over to the

commercial crop Maize. Their priority has changed because of market prices,

input costs and other risk factors like pests.

As this village is remote very few farmers cultivate vegetables. There is also

one mango orchard of 2 hectares in this village. The chemical fertilizers use

has increased, on an average farmers are using upto 5 bags per acre of land.

3 There are basically three seasons, Kharif – Rainy, Rabi – Winter, Zaid – Summer.

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A village with Cranes – Kongala Kothur

This village in the past was well known for paddy, there used to be water all year round

surrounding the village and hence attracted the cranes and egrets. Especially during and after

the rainy season the whole village trees were occupied by the birds. Then this village was

popularly called as ‘Kongala Kothur’ or Kothur with cranes. People also strongly believed

that if the cranes have not appeared, there will be less rainfall that year. Therefore the village

elders used to visit the neighboring villages and would tie messages to the trees where cranes

resided, requesting the cranes to return to Kothur. There is no water, therefore no cranes are

visible in the village as a result this village is no more called ‘Kongala Kothur.’ The present

scenario is unimaginable and contrasting, most of the paddy growing fields are left fallow and

they are covered with Prosopis Juliflora and also the soils have turned saline / alkaline.


CROPPING PATTERN

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Graph 4 Cropping pattern

Table 3 Crops cultivated in Kothur Village (2004-05)

Crop Name Area (in acres)

Irrigated Rainfed TotalCastor 0 450 450Cotton 0 300 300Jowar 0 110 110Maize 0 65 65Paddy 50 0 50Redgram 50 50Ground nut 40 40Total 50 1015 1065

The farmers are satisfied with the outputs from the following rainfed crops

Castor, Cotton, Jowar, Redgram and Maize which are cultivated during the

Kharif season this year. Although there were intermittent rains due to

depressions in Bay of Bengal, it appeared that they would loose their crops

but the subsequent

weather conditions were favorable, especially during the ripening stage and

the crops were saved but not with the case of Paddy and Jowar, the

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intermittent rains arrived during harvesting period and they had to face the

losses.

The major crops cultivated in this village in the last 20 years were basically

rainfed crops red gram (20 yrs back), Castor (10 yrs back) and now Maize

(see graph ).

MAJOR CROPS GROWN

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Maize Castor Redgram

Present 10 years ago

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Graph 5 Time line – Major crops Cultivated

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There is a nursery in the village started under the Watershed project, the

same facility could be used for growing useful saplings for tree crops, agro-

forestry and agri-horticulture.

As most of the farmers are marginal and small and are either SCs / BCs

through introduction of certain practices their lands could be made more

fertile.

The agricultural produce is sold to non-institutional sources without any value

addition. There are Rythu Mithra Groups in the village although farmers are

well organized but they are unable to get the extension services effectively.

Land Holding

Majority of the farmers in the village are Small and Marginal4 and most of

them belong to scheduled caste and backward caste (see graph 3). There are

only few large farmers in the village.

4 Marginal Farmer – 1 to 2.5 acres of dry land and Small Farmer – 2.6 to 5 acres of dry land in Mahabubnagar District.

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Case Study 1

Mr. Upender Reddy is 25 years old, he is into farming since last 6 years after his father expired. He owns 11 acres of cultivable land (7.5 acres is irrigated and 2.5 acres is rainfed). Although he drilled 4 borewells only two of them are functioning.

In his rainfed agricultural field he cultivates groundnut, castor and redgram. Earlier he used to leave one acre of rainfed land fallow, for his cattle grazing in it.

Of the 7.5 acres irrigated land, 4 acres cotton and 2 acres paddy is cultivated, and about 1 acre of land is left fallow in rotation.

Earlier this family had 15 nos. of cattle (11 buffalos and 4 cows), because of drought he has sold all of them last year. He doesn’t have any cattle now.

He visits the Agriculture University and interacts with agricultural officers for advice on cultivation of various crops. He gave the soil samples for testing for understanding the soil condition, so that he could improve it. He uses less chemical fertilizers and more Farm Yard Manure. He is one of the progressive farmers selected for the programme.


LAND HOLDING PARTICULARS

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Schedule Caste

Other BackwardCaste

Other Caste

Land Holdings Marginal

Land Holdings Small

Land Holdings Large

Graph 6 Land holding particulars

Livestock

Because of the subsequent drought conditions there was shortage of fodder,

as a result the number of families possessing livestock has come down in the

last 10 years (see graph below). Most importantly the dairy activity has got

affected, although the private commons available for grazing has increased

as many farmers have left their fields fallow. Livestock is also an important

asset to cope with drought situation and difficult times. The number of small

ruminants have increased as compared to 20 years back, but their numbers

are coming down, due to shortage of fodder and drinking water availability.

There sheeps and goats are usually kept by Shepherd community called

Kurumas. Dairy animals are also possessed by majority of the families. There

is also priority and preference of people for getting engaged in dairy activity

and there is a milk collection center in the village. There is need to create

alternative solutions for fodder availability to encourage keeping the

livestock. Backyard poultry is a very common activity for majority of the

people.

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LIVESTOCK POPULATION

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Cows Bullocks Buffaloes Sheep Goat

Current (2005)

upto 10 years ago(1995-2004)

>10 to 20 yearsago(1985-1994)

Graph 7 Livestock population – Timeline

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Graph 8 Resource Map of Kothur Village

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Water Resources

Although there are 8 number of tanks in the village, the irrigation potential is

limited due to non / poor maintenance of the tanks. Three tanks are non-

functional. The total area irrigated under the tanks is just 28.8 hectares.

There are 40 openwells, this village having located close to the dundubi

tributary has sandy soils. As the soils are sandy, the openwells, filter points

and borewells need to be lined to prevent collapsing of the walls. The 24

openwells existing in the village are functional during and few months after

the rains.

Photo 4 Because of above normal rains this year groundwater levels have increased

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Photo 5 A filter point well – along the banks of Dundubi tributary

Of the 120 borewells only 70 are functional. Whereas all the 50 filter wells are

functional especially this year due to good amount of rains received. The

groundwater levels are highly fluctuating due to the presence of sand in the

ground – more groundwater is available if there is flooding in the tributary of

Dundubi stream and its tributary.

People are more and more dependent on the filter wells and borewells for

irrigation leading to over exploitation of the meager groundwater resources.

For improving the irrigation potential the following possibilities are existing:

1. Renovation of existing structures

2. Creation of proper drainage facilities for water harvesting and treating the

water logging areas.

3. Desilting of tanks, renovating the feeder channels and drainage lines and

removal of vegetation occupying the tank bed.

4. Creation of new water harvesting structures at feasible locations.

Watershed Programme

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This village was selected for the watershed project in the year 1995-96 under

Employment Assurance Scheme (EAS). About Rs. 16 lakhs were spent on

various watershed works. Watershed Development Fund (WDF) contribution

by the stakeholders is about Rs. 96 thousand which is available with

Watershed Association.

The Watershed Committee executed the following works under the project :

laying of earth bunds of 1400 meters length, constructed 2 percolation tanks

with revetment, 5 masonry checkdams, 220 gully control structures and 1

feeder channel.

Status of water resources

Surface water – Adequate storage facilities are created sharing with

informal system.

Groundwater - About 40% of open wells are dry and bore wells are being drilled to

greater depths. The dry open wells can be used for recharging the aquifers.

The drilling of borewells is a recent practice and the numbers are increasing

affecting the existing filter wells and openwells.

Drinking water (DW) - Adequate DW sources are created and shared

judiciously. Water is available throughout the year and there are hand pumps

too. The village is having an overhead tank and water is supplied regularly

through pipes.

Soil Moisture - Moisture content improved very little with the

implementation of the watershed programme and farmers are able to get one

secure crop.

Energy

Most of the families are still using fuel wood as source of energy for domestic

cooking, which is causing health problems to women. It also involves

considerable amount of time to fetch the firewood. About 40 smokeless

chullahs are provided in this village, which are less polluting and conserve

the consumption of fuel wood.

About 55 LPG gas connections were provided to 55 families, only 35 families

are using them. They don’t use them for regular cooking, because the LPG

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refilling costs are very high for the families to afford. Although there are 10

biogas plants in the village, only one biogas plant is functioning. Rest of the

biogas plants need to be repaired for making them functional.

Energy conservation is also an important issue, to save energy (electricity)

there are some options like: The farmers need to install capacitors for all

agricultural borewells, these will reduce the consumption of the power and

also prevents the burning of motors due to power fluctuations.

Lighting is the most essential thing, especially for children’s education, for

domestic and street lighting they could use white Light Emitting Diodes which

are cool, bright and long lasting. On pilot basis some Lighting modules could

be installed in the village. With them villagers would save the precious

subsidized electricity consumption.

As majority of the farmers are marginal and small, the draught animals are

still a major source of energy for agricultural activities and local

transportation.

Women are spending lots of time and energy for fetching drinking water,

fuelwood and fodder, i.e., about 1 hour per day for each of the resources.

The fuelwood access has increased because of the excessive growth of

Prosopis Juliflora.

Common Pool Resource (CPR)

The productive CPR is very much limited about 18 acres and also there is

limitation to develop CPR for creation of alternative livelihoods. The revenue

land available is mostly along the Dundubi tributary, which floods every year.

Inst itut ions Funct ioning at Vi l lage level

These are the following Government Departments or Agencies programs /

services in the village.

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Ongoing Programmes

SGRY,

9th Finance commission,

The total amount allocated till date for the above programmes is rupees 72

thousand only.

Natural Resources Management (NRM)

Agriculture Department / Rythu Mitra Groups (RMGs).

·Horticulture Dept

Animal Husbandry

Irrigation Dept (Minor / Medium / Major)

Social Aspects

Dist. Rural Dev. Agency (DRDA) / District Poverty Initiatives Programme

(DPIP) / Indira Kranthi Patham

DPEP / Education

Medical and Health

SC Corporation

BC Welfare / BC Corporation

Social Welfare Department

Anganwadi / Women and Children Welfare

ICDS / Child Development Programme

Housing Department – Houses constructed by the government for SCs /

BCs / Poor.

Services

Civil supplies / Public Distribution system

Rural water supply (Panchayat Raj dept.)

Electricity

Telecommunications / BSNL – Telephone facilities

Artisans - Adarana scheme for artisans – supply of tools by Govt.

NEDCAP – (biogas plants)

Infrastructure Exist ing

The following infrastructure exists in the village:

Water and Soil Conservation Activities

1. 8 Irrigation Tanks

2. 5 Borewells for drinking

3. 1 Overhead tank

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4. 2 Check dams

Buildings

1. Panchayat Office

2. Primary School

3. Community hall

Noon-meal center building – near the school

Roads

CC roads within the village, blacktop road connecting the village with the

main road at Midjil and the road connecting Mallapur hamlet.

Common Facilities

1. This village is having electricity service

2. About 7 kms away the transportation services are available for the

villagers. Everyday only once the bus service is available to this village,

rest of the time people commute through autorickshaws and jeeps.

3. Telephone connectivity is existing in this village.

Dairy / Veterinary services

1. One milk collection centre is existing in this village.

Infrastructure gaps

Water and Soil Conservation Activities

1. 2 Irrigation Tanks

2. 2 borewell - Hand Pumps for drinkingwater

3. House Hold level connections from overhead tank

4. 4 Check dams

Marketing Infrastructuure

1 godown for community grains storage

Roads

Black top road connectivity to Midjil village and Mallapur hamlet.

Common Facilities

Villagers have requested for Village knowledge center and Automatic

weather station.

Library / Resource center

A Secondary school building

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Anganwadi building for small children.

READINESS AND WILLINGNESS OF THE VILLAGERS

During the focused group discussions the villagers have expressed their

readiness and willingness on the following aspects.

Involvement in production enhancement activities

Working on Agriculture based micro-enterprises.

Non-agriculture based micro-enterprises.

Promoting more percolation tanks for rainwater harvesting.

Development of assigned lands

Leasing of land to SHGs by the community

Seed bank and seed improvement

Management of kuntas and tanks

Desilting of tanks/conversion to percolation tanks and reviving

community practice of desilting the tanks

Converting check dams to percolation tanks

Taking up ridge level percolation pits

Taking supply/feeder channels to the tanks

Use of CPR for tree plantations

Value addition to agricultural produce

Demarcating land for protection (from grazing & tree felling)

SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This preliminary study is useful in understanding the various types of

Resources and the ongoing livelihood activities in the pilot village. And based

on this study the following observations were made:

Agriculture

1. People are traditionally involved in agriculture but there is need for them

to adapt to the organic and sustainable agricultural practices.

2. Agriculture is the major livelihood activity in this village, hence there is

need to give them better skills in on-farm and off-farm related activities

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On-farm: Olericulture and Horticulture.

Off-farm: Dairy, Backyard poultry, ram lamb, sheep development, etc.

3. The villagers need to be mobilized for collective decision in choice of crops

and marketing.

4. There is no seed bank in this village, a seed bank could be promoted for

conserving the traditional indigenous seeds which are resistant to climate

variability.

5. Majority of the farmers are small and marginal, there is a need to provide

additional livelihood opportunities for the farmers.

6. The black and red soils are suitable for diverse crops.

7. Need to adapt scientific methods (like Soil testing) for better management

of the soils.

8. There is also need to provide with knowledge and technology to improve

the existing lands and to bring the fallow lands under cultivation.

9. Should have better Marketing linkages / information

10.Advise on cropping – choice of crops and management practices, there is

a need for better extension of services by the agriculture department.

11.There is still more potential for strengthening the farm based activities.

12.More credit could be accessed from banks for inputs.

13.There is a lot to improve or work for non farm based livelihood activities,

improvement of natural resources to cope in lean season and for food

security.

Livestock

14.The stress period for availability of fodder is during March and July. There

is a need to promote alternative measures to mitigate the impact.

15.There is a need to improve the dairy sector. The milk production is directly

related to availability of fodder. The farmers are well aware of the leguminous

fodder, there is a need to encourage and provide seed and other inputs for

fodder improvement.

16.Breeding is limited to few months only, between February and March, and

October and December months. There is need to improve the overall

breeding programme and also to control the seasonal diseases with the help

of para-vets yet to be identified.

17.There is potential for further development of dairy as supportive livelihood

activity with the improvement of existing storage and transportation

facilities.

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Water

18. More area can be brought under cultivation through water

conservation measures and practices.

19. The 14 open wells in the village which are not functioning can be

converted into the recharge wells.

20. There are 8 tanks in the village out of which only 5 tanks are used for

irrigation and the total irrigated area is only 28.8 hectares. Need to renovate

the remaining 3 tanks and to increase the capacity of rest of the tanks.

21. There is need to improve the following aspects: - fodder development,

Agro- and social forestry, horticulture development, promotion of quality of

seeds, vermiculture, Sustainable Agricultural methods, non-farm livelihoods,

etc and also Facilitation for silt removal from the village tanks for application

in the dry lands.

Energy

22. The villagers need to get exposed to the successful case studies

elsewhere on energy conservation and alternative technologies.

23. Need to revive the defunct biogas plants.

24. Villagers need to be introduced to Improved chullahs / stoves for

energy conservation, gasifier stove - Anila, solar cookers etc.

25. Explore options for installation of Gasifiers based electricity generators

– which would work with wasted biomass.

26. Installation of White Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) in few households for

demonstration on power conservation.

27. Women are spending lots of time and energy for fetching water,

fuelwood and fodder, i.e., about 3 hours per day. There is need to improve

options in these sectors – availability and access.

Common Pool Resources (CPR)

28. There is potential to plant useful saplings all along the 12 acres of land

available along the road margins and 6 acres of land along the canal bunds

involving women SHGs. Options for improving the 1600 acres of wasteland

available along the Dundubi tributary in the village.

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Social Capital

29. Group centered activities are already going on in this village through

SHGs and Rythu Mithra Groups (RMGs) which need to be strengthened

further. Through provision of revolving fund the women groups could access

the credit for group centered livelihood activites.

30. Strengthening SHGs by facilitating access to credit and markets

through convergence.

31. Other CBOs in the village need to be further strengthened and

networked at the Gram Panchayat level.

Services

32. Establishment of Village knowledge Center and training center on

using the computers.

33. Establishment of Automatic weather station – for knowledge on the

climate variability and weather information.

34. More credit should be made available to the villagers through banks

and other sources for their activities.

35. All the households should have sanitary latrines.

36. Similarly the safe drinking water access to be made available to all the

households.

Livel ihoods Diversi f icat ion

37.Alternative livelihood activities: The people in this village are mainly

dependant on agriculture as primary activity. As majority of the farmers are

marginal and small, there is need for livelihoods diversification by the people.

The people need to be provided trainings and skills for adapting to diverse

trades. This would also provide additional employment opportunities. People

are well aware of the developments in various fields, therefore it is easy for

them to diversify and adapt to other livelihood options.

38. The women and youth in the village should be imparted trainings in

Micro enterprise development.

39. Alternative livelihood options need to be provided to the educated

youth in the village. For example youth could be trained on electrical repairs

(motor winding and pumps) and servicing home appliances.

ACTIVITIES COMPLETED

In Kothur village the following activities were completed till date

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Awareness through interaction with community and awareness

programmes using folk media, songs, puppetry, street plays, etc.

Primary data collection – Structured format and Focused Group

Discussions.

PRA exercises for community participation, awareness and information

collection (Resource Mapping, seasonality and Transect walk).

Identification of Pilot Farmers and collection of the agricultural output

samples from Pilot farmers.

Grama Sabhas were held and the villagers have taken resolution to

participate in this programme.

Case studies (from pilot villages) collected.

Process documentation – record of activities and events in the project

villages, video and photo documentation of all the events.

ACTIVITIES PLANNED FOR YEAR 2006

A. Implementation of the Programme – F ield Level

Act iv it ies

1. Facilitate PTD on agriculture, water and energy for selected farmers and

groups

2. Capacity building farmers (on specific best practices1 ) and CBO’s

(institutional aspects)

3. Demonstration of location specific best practices

B. Capacity Bui lding, Documentation and Awareness

1. Validation and documentation of selected coping practices beyond pilot

villages

2. Awareness campaign on climate change/variability

3. Development of information, education and communication (IEC) material

4. Establishment of the Village Knowledge Centers

5. Training of weather Managers.

AFPROs role will be major with respect to all the above aspects, except for B4

and B5 points where it is supportive role to MSSRF. AFPRO will be working

together with National and International Consortium partners, through

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sharing, learning and incorporating the ideas for successful implementation

of the V & A programme.

All the proposed activities for implementation are in Yearly Plan of

Operation (YPO), 2006.

Note:1. All the Participatory Technology Developments will be

implemented through Pilot Farmers.2. Where ever possible some of the activities will be implemented

through convergence with ongoing programmes.

ANNEXURES

I. SUCCESS STORIES OF NGOs IN ANDHRA PRADESH

II. MAPS OF MIDJIL MANDAL

III. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS INFORMATION OF KOTHUR VILLAGE, MIDJIL

MANDAL

IV. YPO, 2006

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