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Single Dispense Newspaper Machine

A thesis submitted to the

Faculty of the Mechanical Engineering Technology Department

of the University of Cincinnati

in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Science

in Mechanical Engineering Technology

at the College of Engineering and Applied Science

by

PETER TRAN

Bachelor of Science University of Cincinnati

June 2012

Faculty Advisor: Laura Caldwell

ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to thank my friends and family for all of their help and support during this

project. Without their support, this project would not have been possible.

iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................... II

TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................ III

LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................ IV

LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................... V

ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................ VI

INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 1

BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................................................... 1

COMMERCIAL OPTIONS...................................................................................................... 2

MEDIA SAFE SINGLE UNIT NEWSPAPER DISPENSING DEVICE ............................................................................ 2 GLOBAL NEWS VENDING WALL MOUNTED WM-2000 ....................................................................................... 3 WURLITZER NEWSPAPER VENDING MACHINE .................................................................................................... 4

CUSTOMER FEEDBACK ....................................................................................................... 5

SURVEYS ............................................................................................................................................................. 5 CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................... 6 PRODUCT FEATURES AND OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................ 7

DISPENSING MECHANISM DESIGN .................................................................................. 9

ALTERNATIVE CONCEPTS .................................................................................................................................... 9 DESIGN SELECTION .......................................................................................................................................... 12

DESIGN .................................................................................................................................. 13

PUSHER/PULLER ............................................................................................................................................... 13 FRAME DESIGN ................................................................................................................................................. 14 DISPENSING OPERATION ................................................................................................................................... 16 LOADING OPERATION ....................................................................................................................................... 19 SOLD OUT FEATURE .......................................................................................................................................... 20

FABRICATION AND ASSEMBLY ...................................................................................... 22

TESTING AND PROOF OF DESIGN .................................................................................. 27

PROJECT SCHEDULE .......................................................................................................... 28

BUDGET ................................................................................................................................ 28

BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................... 29

APPENDIX A - RESEARCH ................................................................................................ A1

APPENDIX B - SURVEY ...................................................................................................... B1

APPENDIX C - QFD .............................................................................................................. C1

APPENDIX D - PRODUCT OBJECTIVES ......................................................................... D1

APPENDIX E- SCHEDULE .................................................................................................. E1

iv

APPENDIX F - BUDGET ...................................................................................................... F1

APPENDIX G- CALCULATIONS ....................................................................................... G1

SPRING CALCULATION .................................................................................................................................... G1

APPENDIX H – DRAWINGS .............................................................................................. H1

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 - Media Safe Dispensing Device (3) .......................................................................... 2

Figure 2 - Global News Vending WM-2000 (4) ....................................................................... 3

Figure 3 – Wurlitzer Newspaper Vending Machine (5) ........................................................... 4

Figure 4 - Customer Importance and Satisfaction .................................................................... 5

Figure 5 - Pusher/Puller Concept .............................................................................................. 9

Figure 6 - Friction Material Concept ...................................................................................... 10

Figure 7 - Roller Concept ....................................................................................................... 11

Figure 9 - Pusher/Puller Bottom View.................................................................................... 13

Figure 10 - Pusher/Puller Mechanism..................................................................................... 13

Figure 8 - Pusher/Puller Side View ........................................................................................ 13

Figure 11 - Front View of Frame ............................................................................................ 14

Figure 12 - Side View of Frame ............................................................................................. 14

Figure 13 - Spring Location Side View .................................................................................. 15

Figure 14 - Spring Location Front View................................................................................. 16

Figure 15 - Dispensing Mechanism Fully Retracted .............................................................. 16

Figure 16 - Dispensing Mechanism Starting/Ending Position ................................................ 16

Figure 17 - Newspaper on Back Support ................................................................................ 17

Figure 18 - Newspaper Base Holder Rail Slide Location ....................................................... 17

Figure 19 - Rail Slide Locations for Dispensing Mechanism ................................................. 18

Figure 20 - Loading Hooks Location ...................................................................................... 19

Figure 21 - Plunger Location .................................................................................................. 20

Figure 22 - Plunger Position with Newspapers....................................................................... 20

Figure 23 - Plunger Position without Newspapers ................................................................. 21

Figure 24 - Beginning Frame Fabrication ............................................................................... 22

Figure 25 - Base Plate Holder and Back Support ................................................................... 22

Figure 26 - Dispensing Mechanism Rail Slide ....................................................................... 23

Figure 27 - Base Plate Assembly ............................................................................................ 23

Figure 28 - Spring Assembly and Loading Hooks.................................................................. 24

Figure 29 - Dispensing Mechanism Holder Assembly ........................................................... 25

Figure 30 - Newspaper Slot Assembly ................................................................................... 25

Figure 31 - Door Assembly..................................................................................................... 26

Figure 32 - Pusher/Puller Side View ...................................................................................... 26

Figure 33 - Completed Assembly ........................................................................................... 27

Figure 34 - Completed Assembly Front View ........................................................................ 27

v

LIST OF TABLES Table 1 - Short QFD 6

Table 2 - Engineering Characteristics 8

Table 3 - Concept Design Selection 12

Table 4 - Itemized Schedule 28

Table 5 - Itemized Budget 28

vi

ABSTRACT

Typical newspapers machines are based on the honor system. People are expected to

pay for one newspaper and take one newspaper out of the machine. However, this act of

“honor” does not always happen. Because all of the newspapers are exposed, there has been

abuse to the honor system. It has gotten to the point that people pay for one newspaper and

take the entire stack. As a result of the hard economic times, thousands of dollars have been

lost due to newspaper thefts. There are plenty of single dispense newspapers that have been

designed, but because of its electrical components, it has been discontinued due to the high

cost in manufacturing and production.

Designing and developing a single dispensing newspaper machine without an electrical

component will help solve this current problem. This machine will be a more viable option

to produce since it will not include any expensive electrical parts. With the use of a simple

coin slide, the customer will be able to access a newspaper with ease.

The operation of this machine is very easy to use. Simply insert the money into the coin

slide, push the slide in all the way, and pull the slide back to its original position. Once the

customer pulls the coin slide back into its starting position, one single newspaper will

dispense though a slot where the customer can easily grab the newspaper. When there are no

longer any newspapers in the machine, the customer will be unable to operate the coin slide.

If it does not slide then the machine is out of newspapers due to a straightforward sold out

feature.

This prototype machine was made entirely out of wood with the exception of specialty

and ordered parts/hardware. The concept of this design may be retro-fitted into other

newspaper machines or can be replicated with other materials other than wood. Newspapers

can be bulk loaded and can handle about 20-25 newspapers at a time. The newspaper

machine can be modified or customized to dispense other types of newspapers if needed.

The only modifications that will have to change are the springs, which index the newspapers

up, and the pusher/puller that catches the newspaper and slides it forward.

The proof of design requirements were all met and the completion of the prototype was a

success. Though there were some minor setbacks during the manufacturing process, overall

the project was on schedule and completed to its entirety.

Single Dispense Newspaper Machine Peter Tran

1

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND

Newspaper companies have always used the "honor system" when selling newspapers

from machines. The concept is that buyers will pay for and take only one newspaper. Since

the debut of "Extreme Couponing" in spring of 2010, high rates of newspaper theft have

occurred to acquire coupons. It is believed that $2,000-$3,000 have been lost to theft every

month (1). Stolen newspapers are often stolen to be resold at local stands at a higher price, or

even just the coupons itself has been stolen and not the actual newspaper, as "coupons from

the Sunday editions are in high demand." (2) Despite the reasons of why the newspapers are

stolen, "It's a crime and people will be punished if caught." (1)

The focus of this project is to design a dispensing mechanism and enclosure that will

only dispense one USA Today newspaper at one time. The biggest feature for this particular

machine is to design for ease of use and operation thus allowing anyone to be able to use this

machine despite gender or age. Single dispense system will prevent exposure of all the

newspapers within the machine, therefore resulting in the elimination of theft. The design

will prevent coin slide from accepting any more money when the machine is sold out. This

helps ensure that the customer does not throw away money into the empty machine.


2

COMMERCIAL OPTIONS

MEDIA SAFE SINGLE UNIT NEWSPAPER DISPENSING DEVICE

The Media Safe Dispensing Device, as seen in Figure 1, is designed to replicate the look

and function of the typical newspaper machine. This particular unit is different because it

guards the newspaper stack instead of exposing all of the newspapers, forcing the customer

to grab only one newspaper. When loading the newspaper, the newspaper is loaded one by

one into each unit shelf. The problem with this particular unit is that the loading is rather

times consuming by loading each newspaper one by one into each slot. In addition, the size

of the newspaper compartment is predetermined, therefore prohibiting flexibility of

newspaper quantities.

Figure 1 - Media Safe Dispensing Device (3)


3

GLOBAL NEWS VENDING WALL MOUNTED WM-2000

The WM-2000 is not the typical newspaper machine design. As seen in Figure 2, it is

wall mounted and features a unique pull arm design where a pull handle is used to dispense

one newspaper. This can cause a potential problem for shorter customers if the unit is

mounted at a higher level because the consumer will be unable to reach the pull handle.

The ability to find a wall to mount this unit can be troublesome due to the fact that

permission will be needed from the building owner. Once permission is granted, the time to

mount the unit will be inconvenient, not to mention if the unit is to be removed, more time

will be needed to disassemble the unit from the wall, and the wall itself will be unpleasing

with the holes from the mounting assembly.

Figure 2 - Global News Vending WM-2000 (4)


4

WURLITZER NEWSPAPER VENDING MACHINE

The Wurlitzer Newspaper Vending Machine shown in Figure 3 is a large newspaper

vending machine that will vend one newspaper at a time. The Wurlitzer vending machine

requires a power source to function, resulting in limiting the unit to be placed inside or near a

building. In addition, because the unit is so large, portability is an issue if the machine were

to be moved to another location.

Figure 3 – Wurlitzer Newspaper Vending Machine (5)

The products that were research either were discontinued or required a power source.

Almost all of the units that require a power source will require expensive parts and if the

electrical system became faulty, it will be costly to replace. Based on the available products

on the market, some of the features from current products will be incorporated into the new

design of this project. By doing so, this will allow ease of use and high customer

satisfaction rates. The remaining products that have been researched can be found in

Appendix A.


5

CUSTOMER FEEDBACK

SURVEYS

In order to determine what customer needs were for this project, sixteen surveys were

distributed to newspaper buyers, college students, and engineers around Cincinnati, OH.

Customers were asked to rate the importance of functions and features of newspaper

machines as well as their current satisfaction based off a "five point" scale. A score of 1

would be low importance/satisfaction and a score of 5 would be high importance/satisfaction.

Below, in Figure 4, shows the differences between the customer's current satisfaction and

importance of features. Appendix B shows full survey and calculations.

Figure 4 - Customer Importance and Satisfaction

The bar graph in Figure 4 showed the highest rating of importance on ease of use and ease of

operation, followed by durability and ease of loading. With these results and evidence that

improvements need to be made, new design concepts will address these desirable features as

the voice of the customer.


6

CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS

The data obtained from the customer survey was organized and interpreted by using the

Quality Function Deployment. For full QFD results please refer to Appendix C. The

"Designer's Multiplier" column is a multiplier chosen by the designer to increase the

customer importance reflected in the survey. The "Planned Satisfaction" column, seen in

Table 1, are the scores that the designer would like to achieve upon completion of the

product. Ideally, this column will boast higher numbers than the current customer

satisfaction due to the fact that the goal is to have the best design that will outperform the

current market product and better satisfy the consumer. These two values affect the

customer's importance values and influence the relative weight percentages.

Table 1 - Short QFD

Cust

om

er i

mport

ance

Des

igner

's M

ult

ipli

er

Curr

ent

Sat

isfa

ctio

n

Pla

nned

Sat

isfa

ctio

n

Impro

vem

ent

rati

o

Modif

ied I

mport

ance

Rel

ativ

e w

eight

%

Ease of Operation 4.9 1.00 3.1 4 1.3 6.3 16%

Ease of Use 4.9 1.00 3.6 4 1.1 5.4 13%

Ease of Loading 3.7 1.10 3.4 4 1.2 4.8 12%

Durability 4.4 1.00 4.3 4.5 1.0 4.6 11%

Secure 3.4 1.10 2.5 3 1.2 4.5 11%

Safety 3.5 1.00 3.3 4 1.2 4.2 10%

Low Cost 2.9 1.00 2.4 3 1.3 3.6 9%

Ease of

Maintenance 3.1 1.00 2.1 2.5 1.2 3.7 9%

Compact 3.2 1.00 3.3 3.5 1.1 3.4 8%

Because the main point of the project was to prevent the theft of all the newspapers, a

designer's multiplier was added to the secure portion of the features. Likewise, because the

ease of operation and use were the highest importance, adding the multiplier to the ease of

loading will alleviate any further difficulties should there be any.


7

PRODUCT FEATURES AND OBJECTIVES

The product features and objectives are the same items from the survey (See Appendix

B), and describe how customer features will be satisfied. The customer features were then

weighted respectfully and can be seen below from highest to lowest. The full product

objectives are located in Appendix D.

Ease of Use (13%) and Operation (16%):

1.) Pull lever similar to slot machine allowing both men and women to use.

2.) Allows access to newspaper (once dispensed) to grab and go similar to automated

lotto ticket machine.

3.) The device will display a "Sold Out" sign once all newspapers are bought

4.) Coin slot will be brightly colored to guide where money is to be inserted

Ease of Loading: 12%

1.) Door will be lowered from top to bottom and will rest at waist level.

2.) Lock will be shielded from rain, which will prevent freezing in cold conditions

3.) Lock will be located on top of back door to prevent bending over

Secure: 11%

1.) The product will only dispense one newspaper at one time

2.) The product will forbid any access to the remaining newspapers

4.) Access to money can only be obtained by the key holder

Reliability/Durability: 11%

1.) Product will be consistent with loading conditions and calculations, which will be

proven by COSMOS to show that the product will not fail

2.) The product and components will be able to operate and function at extreme climate

conditions

3.) Finish on product will allow the product to withstand corrosion

4.) The product will be able to function and operate with various loads applied to it

(leaned on, sudden impact from hit, etc)

Safety: 10%

1.) The device will not have any sharp objects or corners on the exterior

2.) The device will not have glass in the display window, rather a strong durable plastic

3.) The device will not topple over in any stage of use

Cost: 9%

1.) The unit will cost less than $1000

Ease of Maintenance: 9%

1.) Replacement parts will be easy to remove and install

2.) Replacing parts can be completed by one person

3.) Replacement parts will be easy to handle (grasp, orient, move, etc)

Size: 8%

1.) The unit design will not be larger than current newspaper machines


8

Engineering characteristics are considered key items by the designer, to incorporate during

the not only in the design but also the manufacturing of the product. Table 2 below are the

engineering characteristics, which shows, what features and requirements the designer feels

are important to the customer and what requirements would satisfy the customer.

Table 2 - Engineering Characteristics

Using the engineering characteristics and the results of the customer importance/satisfaction,

the product objectives were created. The following explains the product objectives and uses

the engineering characteristics to describe how each objective will be measured.

Engineering Characteristics %

Function 24

Pull Lever 18

Key and Lock 16

Accessibility of Newspaper 15

Material 14

No Sharp Edges 6

Size 5

Weight 2


9

DISPENSING MECHANISM DESIGN

ALTERNATIVE CONCEPTS

Three concept sketches were considered are shown below. First, below in Figure 5, the

pusher/puller design simply pushes/pulls the newspaper forward towards the consumer. The

small back will make contact with the fold of the newspaper and slide the newspaper towards

a slot, which then allows the customer to pull the paper.

Figure 5 - Pusher/Puller Concept


10

Next, Figure 6 shows the friction material concept. This function is similar to that of the

USPS mailbox. It allows the customer to open the lid and drop in the mail but at the same

time, it restricts access to the other postage dropped by other customer. In this design, the

customer will open the lid, which then slides a friction material across the top of the

newspaper, orienting the newspaper up so that the consumer can grasp the newspaper.

Figure 6 - Friction Material Concept


11

Lastly, Figure 7 demonstrates the roller concept. This design concept is a mixture between

the pusher/puller concept and the friction material concept. The roller will have a friction

material on the wheels, which will then slide the newspaper forward towards the front of the

machine. Once the newspaper is far enough, the customer can then pull the newspaper out of

the machine.

Figure 7 - Roller Concept


12

DESIGN SELECTION

The weighted method was used to determine the best concept to use as a design. Table 3

displays the relative weight of each product objective that was used in the QFD. A five point

scale was used to rate each design on how it addressed the criteria (1 being poor and 5 being

excellent). The deciding criterion was the ease of maintenance, which ultimately decided the

best design. Because the friction material would need to be replaced more often due to wear

in the friction material concept and the roller concept, the scores fell short from the

pusher/puller design. The pusher/puller design had the highest score at 3.12 to become the

best design to meet the product objectives.

Table 3 - Concept Design Selection

Criteria Importance Weight (%) Rating Weighted Rating

Ease of Operation 16% 4 0.64

Ease of Use 13% 4 0.52

Ease of Loading 12% 4 0.48

Secure 11% n/a 0

Reliability/Durability 11% 4 0.44

Safety 10% n/a 0

Cost 9% 4 0.36

Ease of Maintenance 9% 4 0.36

Size 8% 4 0.32

3.12





Secure 11% n/a 0


Safety 10% n/a 0

Cost 9% 4 0.36


Size 8% 4 0.32

2.92





Secure 11% n/a 0


Safety 10% n/a 0

Cost 9% 4 0.36


Size 8% 4 0.32

2.92

Pusher

Friction Material

Roller


13

DESIGN

PUSHER/PULLER This design is essentially a long hook. The plate has teeth on the bottom and has a very small

radius in the bend as seen in Figure 8. The radius in the bend is very small and will be able

to line up with the fold of just one newspaper. Shown in red in Figure 9, the teeth will be

able to catch the newspaper on the fold to advance the newspaper forward. The combination

of the teeth and the small radius bend will allow to pusher/puller to consistently grab hold of

one newspaper at one time. The bottom of the pusher/puller is flat allowing it to slide across

the newspapers without any damage to the next paper.

Figure 9 - Pusher/Puller Bottom View

Figure 10 - Pusher/Puller Mechanism

Figure 8 - Pusher/Puller Side View


14

FRAME DESIGN

The illustration below in Figure 11 is a frame design similar to the type of frame that is used

for the current USA Today newspapers. It is a small box top and with the ability to attach to

a pedestal of any height desired. With this frame, a commercial coin slide has been

incorporated to the machine, which will control the dispensing mechanism. Furthermore,

Figure 12 shows an inside look of the machine's concept and basic function.

Figure 11 - Front View of Frame

Figure 12 - Side View of Frame


15

The base plate that holds the newspapers will be indexed up with the use of extension

springs. As seen in Figure 13 and 14, there are a total of 4 springs. The placements of the

springs are located in the front and the back. An estimated force that the springs will

undergo is approximately 11 lbs. The 11 lbs include the weight of the newspapers, the rail

slides, and the newspaper base holder. The springs will travel about 6 inches and since the

force has been determined, the spring constant can be calculated. Once the spring constant is

solved, the springs can then be purchased. The spring calculation can be found in Appendix

G.

Figure 13 - Spring Location Side View


16

Figure 14 - Spring Location Front View

DISPENSING OPERATION The images below highlight on the dispensing mechanism. Figure 15 shows the starting

point of the dispensing mechanism once the coin slide has been pushed in all the way. Once

the coin slide has returned to its original position as seen below in Figure 16, a portion of the

newspaper is through the slot for the customer to pull and obtain. Please note that the

starting and ending position of the dispensing mechanism are the same.

Figure 15 - Dispensing Mechanism Fully Retracted

Figure 16 - Dispensing Mechanism Starting/Ending Position

Pusher/Puller (Yellow)

Newspaper (Green)


17

In order for the pusher/puller to grab the newspaper, it can retract further than the actual

newspaper. Below in Figure 12 shows that the newspapers will be held in place with a

newspaper back support to allow the dispensing mechanism to retract further than the actual

newspaper, and to also allow the pusher/puller to index the next paper.

Figure 17 - Newspaper on Back Support

The base holders for the base plate are attached to rail slides to assist in a smooth and even

ascend of the newspapers. Figure 18 are the locations of the rail slides (red) for the

newspaper base holder.

Figure 18 - Newspaper Base Holder Rail Slide Location

Newspaper back

support


18

Similar to the base rail slides, the dispensing mechanisms are also attached to rail slides.

Figure 19 shows the rail slides (red) for the dispensing mechanism. There are two sliders in

total and located on opposite sides of each other. This ensures a smooth and minimal effort

slide for the dispensing mechanism. This also helps the customer to exert a minimum force

when pushing in the coin slide.

Figure 19 - Rail Slide Locations for Dispensing Mechanism


19

LOADING OPERATION There are hooks incorporated on the bottom of the newspaper base plate and on the bottom of

the machine. There will be a rope attached to the top hook to help the operator to pull the

base plate down. The end of the rope will be a carabineer to fasten the base plate in place.

This will help the operator to bulk load the newspapers into the machine faster and in a more

convenient way. The use of the rail slides from Figure 18 allows the operator to easily

modify the newspaper base up and down with minimal effort and force.

Figure 20 - Loading Hooks Location


20

SOLD OUT FEATURE

To guarantee that the customer does not waste money on the machine when there are no

more newspapers available, a sold out feature has been added in. The location of the plunger

can be seen below in Figure 21. The plunger can pivot up and down through the dispensing

mechanism holder and the base plate. The function of the plunger and the sold out feature is

very simple. When there are newspapers present within the machine, the plunger will be

suspended up and not lock in place. Figure 22 below shows a close up of the plunger position

when there are newspapers present.

Figure 21 - Plunger Location

Figure 22 - Plunger Position with Newspapers


21

The top portion that is holding the plunger is the dispensing mechanism holder. Both Figure

22 and Figure 23 show the dispensing mechanism holder. The holder simply has a hole

drilled for the plunger to fit through it. It is large enough for the plunger to slide up and

down effortlessly.

Figure 23 - Plunger Position without Newspapers

Shown in Figure 23, once there are no more newspapers present the plunger will fall though

a drilled hole in the base plate. By falling though the base plate hole, the dispensing

mechanism holder and the base plate are locked together, therefore prevent the coin

mechanism to slide and confine the coin slide to move. The top portion of the plunger,

which is highlighted blue in Figure 23, has a larger diameter to prevent the plunger to fall

completely though the dispensing holder.


22

FABRICATION AND ASSEMBLY

Because a prototype was made, the majority of this project was fabricated out of wood.

Figure 24 shows the first steps of the frame fabrication and assembly. The plywood was cut

using a table saw and assembled using wood screws.

Figure 24 - Beginning Frame Fabrication

The base plate holders again were mounted to rail slides for ease of use and convenience.

Figure 25 shows the base plates assembled to the rail slides for both sides. On the back of the

machine are just two plywood boards to make the back support for the newspapers. The

thickness of the back support is large enough or the dispensing mechanism to retract further

than the newspapers.

Figure 25 - Base Plate Holder and Back Support


23

Figures 26 and 27 is the assembled base plate for the newspapers and the rail slide for the

dispensing mechanism holder.

Figure 26 - Dispensing Mechanism Rail Slide

Figure 27 - Base Plate Assembly


24

Figure 28 - Spring Assembly and Loading Hooks

The spring assembly and location can be seen above in Figure 28. As mentioned above,

there are four springs in total. Two in the front and two directed behind. In addition, the

loading hooks are mounted as shown. A rope is attached to the top hook located under the

base plate and a carabineer is attached. This helps hold keep the base plate in place while the

operator is loading the machine. Figure 28 shows the base plate being held in place with the

completed loading assembly.

Springs

Top hook


25

Below in Figure 29 is the assembly of the dispensing mechanism and the attachment of the

coin slide and dispensing mechanism holder. Furthermore, the sold out plunger was also

completed.

Figure 29 - Dispensing Mechanism Holder Assembly

Figure 30 and 31 is the assembly of the doorframe and dispensing slot. The door assembly

includes the handle and the cam lock and key assembly as well.

Figure 30 - Newspaper Slot Assembly

Plunger

Dispensing

mechanism

holder and coin

slider connecting

attachment


26

Figure 31 - Door Assembly

Figure 32 illustrates the pusher/puller assembly. The pusher/puller was nailed into the

dispensing mechanism holder and some tape was used to keep the nail ends from harming the

newspapers as it slides across it.

Figure 32 - Pusher/Puller Side View


27

Finally, below in Figure 33 and Figure 34 are pictures of the completed assembly of the

prototype.

Figure 33 - Completed Assembly

Figure 34 - Completed Assembly Front View

TESTING AND PROOF OF DESIGN The testing methods were minimal. Once the assembly was completed, the loading test

was accomplished first. Performed by myself and volunteers of both men and women. First,

the rope was pulled and connected to the bottom hook numerous times. Second, the same

group of volunteers loaded the newspapers in bulk. This test was done about 30 times from

the volunteers, and about 100 times myself. The next test was the most important one.

Testing the machine to reliably dispense one newspaper at one time. This was done by

inserting the money into the coin slide and watching to see if only one newspaper is

dispensed. This was performed by myself and also with the group of volunteers. The

volunteers test the machine about 20 times each and I tested the machine about 200 times.

The proof of design test was completed in the presence of the advisor. Appendix D lists

the Product Objectives, which was the checklist used to prove the design of the machine.

Every objective was met and was tested by the advisor to see if the unit dispensed one

newspaper at a time. Furthermore, during Tech Expo, the machine was set up for the public

to use and the machine executed perfectly.


28

PROJECT SCHEDULE

Below is a project schedule using a modified version of a Gantt chart. Table 4 shows

everything to be completed such as design, purchasing, fabrication, assembly, and testing.

Early on the dispensing mechanism design turned out to be much more difficult than

expected. This caused the schedule to fall apart and caused some major setbacks. Once the

dispensing mechanism design finally came to conclusion, it was difficult to catch up with all

the required designing. To see the full-itemized schedule, see Appendix E.

Table 4 - Itemized Schedule

BUDGET

The preliminary budget shows how much this prototype machine would cost. The

proposed vs. actual budget is estimated for a machine frame made with metal vs. wood.

Appendix F shows the full line item budget.

Table 5 - Itemized Budget

Parts Cost Parts Cost

Wood $100 Wood $50

Metal $150 Plastic $8

Plastic $50 Lock/Key $7

Lock/Key $50 Coin Slider $40

Coin Acceptor $180 Miscellaneous $100

Coin Box $50 Total $205

Miscellaneous $200

Total $780

Proposed Actual

Important Date(s) Date(s) Actual Date(s)

Proof of design contract 7-Dec 7-Dec

Choose final design 10-Dec 10-Dec

Calculations/SolidWorks modeling 12/12 - 02/17 12/12 - 02/17

Design Freeze 6-Feb 6-Feb

Fabricate 03/26 - 5/13 03/26 - 05/13

Winter Oral presentation 6-Apr 6-Apr

Design report due 14-Mar 14-Mar

Proof of design 14-May 14-May

Tech Expo 17-May 17-May

Spring Oral presentation 24-May 24-May

Project report due 8-Jun 8-Jun


29

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Seely, Natalee. Police investigating multiple newspaper thefts. News and Sentinel.

[Online] October 25, 2011. [Cited: November 15, 2011.]

http://www.newsandsentinel.com/page/content.detail/id/553382/Police-investigating-

multiple-newspaper-thefts.html?nav=5061.

2. Graham, Charlotte. Newspaper thefts on the rise. Laurel Leader-Call. [Online] October

23, 2011. [Cited: November 15, 2011.] http://leadercall.com/local/x553409040/Newspaper-

thefts-on-the-rise.

3. Single Unit Newspaper Dispensing Device. Media Safe Inc. [Online] AirTight Design,

2004-2006. [Cited: 09 26, 2011.] www.mediasafeinc.com.

4. Global News Vending. Single Newspaper Vend Machines. [Online] Go Smart Web

Design, 2005. [Cited: 09 25, 2011.] http://www.globalnewsvending.com/newspaper-vending-

machine-single.html.

5. First Chance General Trading And Contracting. News Paper Vending Machines. [Online]

1989. [Cited: 9 22, 2011.] http://www.firstus.us/nspapervend.html.

Appendix A1

APPENDIX A - RESEARCH

Benefits To Newspaper Corporations

• Will vend only one newspaper at a time • Convert From a Weekly Newspaper dispensing to a Sunday Newspaper by a flick of a switch • More Convenient Locations to buy a newspaper • Works without Electricity • Refilling unit with newspaper is easy and radically different • No extra parts to carry to change from Daily to Sunday papers Increase Profits

• Stops loss of paper due to theft • Increases revenue by accurate dispensing of single newspaper • Helps quantify readership and total circulation • Helps your advertising department by quantifying readership. • Receive an accurate accounting of total newspapers sold • Makes theft of the Model TR-80 Newspaper vending machine more difficult. • Has over a ten-year life. Benefits To Newspaper Readers

• Allows for more convenient locations for your paper • Decreases liability from injuries • Easy to use • Clean look • Customer safe

Looks like traditional newspaper dispenser.

Operates like traditional

Doesn't drop down single newspaper

Not powered

Portability maybe an issue

http://www.mediasafeinc.com/, 09/26/11

Single Unit News

Paper Dispensing Device,

www.mediasafeinc.c

om, AirTight Design

http://www.mediasafeinc.com/

http://www.mediasafeinc.com/

Appendix A2

Wall Mounted WM-2000 May be mounted to a wall or stand.

Newspapers are bulk loaded by route person.

Automatically adjusts for newspaper thickness.

Machine is on a more consumer-friendly level.

Reduces vandalism.

Eliminates the need for street permits.

Newspaper is always vended from the display

window.

"Sold Out" displayed when machine is empty.

Constructed of durable, time proven materials.

Drop down feature

Hand lever pulls down (ergonomic)

Small and portable

Wall mountable or stand

If wall mounted, possible problem for shorter

people

Wall mount adds portability

Capacity maybe an issue

http://www.globalne

wsvending.com/new

spaper-vending-machine-single.html,

09/25/11 Single

Newspaper Vend machines,

www.globalnewsven

ding.com

http://www.globalnewsvending.com/newspaper-vending-machine-single.html




Appendix A3

Wurlitzer Newspaper Vending Machine for

outdoor vending of single newspapers

• Outdoor, solar operated, fully automatic machine

• Newspaper delivery by needle drive

• Powder-coated steel cabinet

• Weather resistant primary coat

• Splash water protected

• Standard color RAL 3020 (traffic red)

• Programmable microprocessor control unit with

data storage, test, and service

programs

• Programming and data retrieval via chip card

• Show window for actual newspaper made from

durable Makrolon

• Easy change of actual newspaper in the showcase

• Quick and easy adaptation of the machine to

different paper sizes

• Rear wall and bottom fixing possible

• Base suitable to be filled with bricks

• Price labels for different prices

• Overpayment possible

• LCD display

• Working temperature: -20°C up to +50°C

-68°F up to +122°F

Coin insertion:

• MDB coin system

• Three different prices programmable

• Free vend

Power Supply: solar cell with backup battery

Extra-low voltage supply for internal functions

Company from India

Lots of electronic functions

Solar powered for green energy

Portability maybe an issue

http://www.firstu

s.us/nspapervend.

html

http://www.firstus.us/nspapervend.html



Appendix A4

Hanna News 1000 * Single-vend operation to protect your inventory

investment.

* Better brand image through a contemporary modern

look.

* Virtually no maintenance required.

* Quick and easy load features, opens like a file

cabinet.

* Accepts multiple domestic and international coin

combinations, including the U.S. dollar.

* Optional bill validator accepts multiple currencies,

including U.S. $1 and $5 bills.

* Optional coin changer.

* Accepts any combination of coins and dollar bills.

* Vend pricing can be easily changed without the use

of tools or other equipment.

* The ProNews™ can perform over 10,000 vends

from a single set of non-rechargeable

batteries.

* Made from heavy gauge metal with a powder coated

epoxy finish for long life.

* Unique mechanical design requires no electrical

motors, complicated gears, or A/C power

providing years of reliability.

* Aesthetically correct appearance with uniformity

designed to meet today’s stringent

municipality codes.

* Consumer friendly, easy operation.

* Ideal for locations requiring high security.

* Custom colors and branding available.

Simple

Portable

Compact

Appealing

Discontinued

http://www.hanna-

vending.com/newspa

per.htm, 09/26/11 Newspaper and

Magazine Vending

Machine, www.hanna-

vending.com

http://www.hanna-vending.com/newspaper.htm



Appendix A5

KJ-1250 Single Vend The ultimate in newspaper equipment: one

coin (or your price), one paper. Unlike

other single-vend equipment, K-Jack’s

Single Vend® does not vend a paper to the

customer, but allows the customer to take

one paper at a time. It features fast, easy

bulk loading with easy 1 step key

adjustment. It will handle papers from 1/8

inch to 2 1/2 inches in thickness. The

Single Vend comes in two different models.

One of them will have the page capacity to

handle your special sales location

Large display

Ease of use in question

Bulky shape

Look is unpleasant

Interview with contact, Sept. 25, 2011

Dam Luong, newspaper reader, 4391 Lighthouse Ln, Westchester, OH 45069

No complaints about newspaper machines currently

Finds the idea of single dispense newspaper machine is good

Thinks that it would be easier to use and more simple than current

Would use more often if available than current

Understands the need of a single newspaper machine

Idea of electronic is good, but may not be as effective

Electronic may have costly repairs

http://www.kjack.com/kj1

250.htm, 09/22/11 Coin

Operated Newsracks www.kjack.com, KJ-1250

Single-Vend

http://www.kjack.com/kj1250.htm

http://www.kjack.com/kj1250.htm

Appendix B1

APPENDIX B - SURVEY

SINGLE DISPENSE NEWSPAPER MACHINE

CUSTOMER SURVEY

The purpose of this survey is to determine the key features to help develop a new newspaper

dispenser. The results will help aid in building a quality product with the most desired

characteristics.

How important is each feature to you for the design of a new Single Dispensing

Newspaper Machine?

Please circle the appropriate answer. 1 = low importance 5 = high importance AVG

Safety 1 2(4) 3(2) 4(8) 5(2) N/A 3.5

Durability 1 2 3(4) 4(2) 5(10) N/A 4.4

Ease of Use 1 2 3 4(1) 5(15) N/A 4.9

Ease of loading 1 2(9) 3(3) 4(4) 5 N/A 3.7

Secure 1 2(12) 3(2) 4(2) 5 N/A 3.4

Ease of operation 1 2 3 4(2) 5(14) N/A 4.9

Low Cost 1 2(7) 3(4) 4(4) 5(1) N/A 2.9

Compact 1 2(4) 3(7) 4(3) 5(2) N/A 3.2

Ease of maintenance 1 2(3) 3(8) 4(5) 5 N/A 3.1

How satisfied are you with the current Single Dispensing Newspaper Machine?

Please circle the appropriate answer. 1 = very UNsatisfied 5 = very satisfied AVG

Safety 1 2(3) 3(5) 4(5) 5(2) N/A(1) 3.3

Durability 1(1) 2 3(3) 4(2) 5(10) N/A(1) 4.3

Ease of Use 1(2) 2(2) 3(1) 4(3) 5(7) N/A(1) 3.6

Ease of loading 1 2 3(3) 4(7) 5(3) N/A(3) 3.4

Secure 1(4) 2(2) 3(4) 4(2) 5(2) N/A(2) 2.5

Ease of operation 1 2(6) 3 4(1) 5(1) N/A(1) 3.1

Cost 1 2(7) 3(3) 4(1) 5(1) N/A(3) 2.4

Compact 1(1) 2(1) 3(5) 4(2) 5(2) N/A(1) 3.3

Ease of maintenance 1 2(2) 3(2) 4 5 N/A(8) 2.1

How much would you be willing to pay for this machine?

$100-$200(6) $200-$500(9) $500-$1000(1) $1000-$2000(0)

Thank you for your time.

Appendix C1

APPENDIX C - QFD

Siz

e

No

Sh

arp

Ed

ges

Weig

ht

Mate

rial

Fu

ncti

on

Pu

ll L

ev

er

Access

ibil

ity

of

New

spap

er

Key

an

d L

ock

Safety 9 3 3

Durability/Reliability 9 9 9 3

Ease of Use 9 9 9 9

Ease of Loading 9 9 9

Secure 1 9

Ease of Operation 9 9 3 1

Low Cost 3 3 9

Compact 9 3

Ease of Maintenance 1 1 9

Abs. importance 1.11 1.03 0.52 2.96 5.00 3.74 3.08 3.42

Rel. importance 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.14 0.24 0.18 0.15 0.16

Peter TranSingle Dispense Newspaper Machine9 = Strong3 = Moderate1 = Weak

Cu

sto

mer

imp

ort

an

ce

Desi

gn

er's

Mu

ltip

lier

Cu

rren

t S

ati

sfacti

on

Pla

nn

ed

Sati

sfacti

on

Imp

rov

em

en

t ra

tio

Mo

dif

ied

Im

po

rtan

ce

Rela

tiv

e w

eig

ht

Rela

tiv

e w

eig

ht

%

3.5 1.00 3.3 4 1.2 4.2 0.10 10%

4.4 1.00 4.3 4.5 1.0 4.6 0.11 11%

4.9 1.00 3.6 4 1.1 5.4 0.13 13%

3.7 1.1 3.4 4 1.2 4.8 0.12 12%

3.4 1.1 2.5 3 1.2 4.5 0.11 11%

4.9 1.00 3.1 4 1.3 6.3 0.16 16%

2.9 1.00 2.4 3 1.3 3.6 0.09 9%

3.2 1.00 3.3 3.5 1.1 3.4 0.08 8%

3.1 1.00 2.1 2.5 1.2 3.7 0.09 9%

Appendix D1

APPENDIX D - PRODUCT OBJECTIVES

Product Objectives

Single Dispense Newspaper Machine

The following is a list of product objectives and how they will be obtained or measured

to ensure that the goal of the project was met. The product objectives will focus on

developing a single dispensing newspaper machine. The machine will be able to withstand

any weather conditions like the typical newspaper dispensers.

Ease of Use (13%) and Operation (16%):

5.) Pull lever similar to slot machine allowing both men and women to use.

6.) Allows access to newspaper (once dispensed) to grab and go similar to automated

lotto ticket machine.

7.) The device will display a "Sold Out" sign once all newspapers are bought

8.) Coin slot will be brightly colored to guide where money is to be inserted

Ease of Loading: 12%

4.) Door will be lowered from top to bottom and will rest at waist level.

5.) Lock will be shielded from rain, which will prevent freezing in cold conditions

6.) Lock will be located on top of back door to prevent bending over

Secure: 11%

1.) The product will only dispense one newspaper at one time

2.) The product will forbid any access to the remaining newspapers

4.) Access to money can only be obtained by the key holder

Reliability/Durability: 11%

1.) Product will be consistent with loading conditions and calculations, which will be

proven by COSMOS to show that the product will not fail

2.) The product and components will be able to operate and function at extreme climate

conditions

3.) Finish on product will allow the product to withstand corrosion

4.) The product will be able to function and operate with various loads applied to it

(leaned on, sudden impact from hit, etc)

Safety: 10%

1.) The device will not have any sharp objects or corners on the exterior

2.) The device will not have glass in the display window, rather a strong durable plastic

3.) The device will not topple over in any stage of use

Cost: 9%

1.) The unit will cost less than $1000

Ease of Maintenance: 9%

1.) Replacement parts will be easy to remove and install

2.) Replacing parts can be completed by one person

3.) Replacement parts will be easy to handle (grasp, orient, move, etc)

Size: 8%

1.) The unit design will not be larger than current newspaper machines

Appendix E1

APPENDIX E- SCHEDULE

TASKS

Dec 5

- 11

Dec 1

2 - 1

8

Dec 1

9 - 2

5

Dec 2

6 - 1

Jan

2 - 8

Jan

9 - 1

5

Jan

16 -

22

Jan

23 -

29

Jan

30 -

Feb

5

Feb

6 - 1

2

Feb

13 -

19

Feb

20 -

26

Feb

27 -

Mar

4

Mar

5 -

11

Mar

12

- 18

Mar

19

- 25

Mar

26

- 1

Apr 2

- 8

Apr 9

- 15

Apr 1

6 - 2

2

Apr 2

3 - 2

9

Apr 3

0 - M

ay 6

May

7 -

13

May

14

- 20

May

21

- 27

May

28

- Jun

3

Jun

4 - 1

0

Proof of Design to advisor 7

7

Concept sketches to advisor 7

7

3-D modeling 30

30

Frame Calculation/Design 13

13

Dispensing Calculation/Design 27

17

Ergonomic/Human Factors Calculation 10

17

Design Freeze 6

6

Ordering Parts 6

6

Winter Oral Presentation 27

27

Winter Report 14

14

Frame Fabrication 23

23

Dispensing Mechanism Fabrication 6

Assembly and Testing 4

4

Demo (Advisor) 14

14

Demo (All) 17

17

Final Report 8

8

Spring Oral Presentation 24

24

Peter TranSingle Dispense

Newspaper Machine

Appendix F1

APPENDIX F - BUDGET

Material/Components Forcasted Budget

Wood $100.00

Metal $150.00

Plastic $50.00

Lock/Key $50.00

Coin Acceptor $180.00

Coin Box $50.00

Miscellaneous $200.00

Total: $780.00

Material/Components Forcasted Budget

Wood $50.00

Plastic $8.00

Lock/Key $7.00

Coin Slider $40.00

Miscellaneous $100.00

Total: $205.00

Preliminary Budget

Actual Budget

Appendix G1

APPENDIX G- CALCULATIONS

SPRING CALCULATION

Appendix H1

APPENDIX H – DRAWINGS

Appendix H2

Appendix H3

Appendix H4

Appendix H5

Appendix H6

Appendix H7

Appendix H8

Appendix H9

Appendix H10

Appendix H11

Appendix H12

Appendix H13

Appendix H14

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