sea level: measuring the bounding surfaces of the ocean by mark e. tamisiea, chris w. hughes, simon...

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Sea level: measuring the bounding surfaces of the ocean by Mark E. Tamisiea, Chris W. Hughes, Simon D. P. Williams, and Richard M. Bingley Philosophical Transactions A Volume 372(2025):20130336 September 28, 2014 ©2014 by The Royal Society

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Page 1: Sea level: measuring the bounding surfaces of the ocean by Mark E. Tamisiea, Chris W. Hughes, Simon D. P. Williams, and Richard M. Bingley Philosophical

Sea level: measuring the bounding surfaces of the ocean

by Mark E. Tamisiea, Chris W. Hughes, Simon D. P. Williams, and Richard M. Bingley

Philosophical Transactions AVolume 372(2025):20130336

September 28, 2014

©2014 by The Royal Society

Page 2: Sea level: measuring the bounding surfaces of the ocean by Mark E. Tamisiea, Chris W. Hughes, Simon D. P. Williams, and Richard M. Bingley Philosophical

Simple schematic illustrating the relationship between sea surface height (SSH), the geoid, and dynamic topography.

Mark E. Tamisiea et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2014;372:20130336

©2014 by The Royal Society

Page 3: Sea level: measuring the bounding surfaces of the ocean by Mark E. Tamisiea, Chris W. Hughes, Simon D. P. Williams, and Richard M. Bingley Philosophical

Eastward acceleration of the mean flow by time-dependent eddies, based on 13 years of satellite altimetry data (a dynamically passive, irrotational component has been removed).

Mark E. Tamisiea et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2014;372:20130336

©2014 by The Royal Society

Page 4: Sea level: measuring the bounding surfaces of the ocean by Mark E. Tamisiea, Chris W. Hughes, Simon D. P. Williams, and Richard M. Bingley Philosophical

(a,b) Fingerprint of relative sea-level change caused by a mass loss scenario equivalent to 1 mm per year of globally averaged sea-level rise from (a) Greenland and (b) West Antarctica.

Mark E. Tamisiea et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2014;372:20130336

©2014 by The Royal Society

Page 5: Sea level: measuring the bounding surfaces of the ocean by Mark E. Tamisiea, Chris W. Hughes, Simon D. P. Williams, and Richard M. Bingley Philosophical

Three reconstructions [49–51] of sea-level rise during the twentieth century derived from tide gauge data.

Mark E. Tamisiea et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2014;372:20130336

©2014 by The Royal Society

Page 6: Sea level: measuring the bounding surfaces of the ocean by Mark E. Tamisiea, Chris W. Hughes, Simon D. P. Williams, and Richard M. Bingley Philosophical

Tide gauge locations where the time series held by the PSMSL is greater than 50 years.

Mark E. Tamisiea et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2014;372:20130336

©2014 by The Royal Society

Page 7: Sea level: measuring the bounding surfaces of the ocean by Mark E. Tamisiea, Chris W. Hughes, Simon D. P. Williams, and Richard M. Bingley Philosophical

(a) Time series of the global average sea-level change from satellite altimetry (TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1 and Jason-2).

Mark E. Tamisiea et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2014;372:20130336

©2014 by The Royal Society

Page 8: Sea level: measuring the bounding surfaces of the ocean by Mark E. Tamisiea, Chris W. Hughes, Simon D. P. Williams, and Richard M. Bingley Philosophical

Difference between the trends calculated from the TOPEX/Poseidon altimetry mission using the default set of processing models and an updated set.

Mark E. Tamisiea et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2014;372:20130336

©2014 by The Royal Society

Page 9: Sea level: measuring the bounding surfaces of the ocean by Mark E. Tamisiea, Chris W. Hughes, Simon D. P. Williams, and Richard M. Bingley Philosophical

Estimate of the vertical land motion across the UK derived from a GNSS solution provided by the NERC British Isles continuous GNSS Facility (BIGF).

Mark E. Tamisiea et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2014;372:20130336

©2014 by The Royal Society