rural electrification cooperative model in madhya pradesh
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8/3/2019 Rural Electrification Cooperative Model in Madhya Pradesh
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Rural Electrification Cooperative
Model in Madhya Pradesh
Dr. Najib Altawell
Center for Energy, Petroleum and Mineral Law and Policy (CEPMLP)
University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK
11 December 2011
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Agenda
Introduction
CooperativeCooperative Model
Conclusion
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Electrification
The village/Town*1.Influence of the geographic endowment on the electrification2.Influence of the State Electricity Boards (SEB)3.Influence of the state¶s general development and structure4.The main grid5.
A rural village (higher priority = states that depend on theagriculture sector)6.Higher cost = large number of villages = longer transmission linesand interconnection7.Positive effect = irrigation, crop processing and storage are part of the working village environment where electricity demand will behigh.
8.The existence of electrification within regions adjacent to a village,electrification of the village would be part of the futureelectrification by the state
*(Andreas K., 2006)
/
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Cooperative
W hat is a co-operative?
µ A co-operative is a group of people acting together to
meet the common needs and aspirations of its members,
sharing ownership and making decisions democratically.¶*µCo-operatives are not about making big profits for shareholders, but
creating value for customers ± this is what gives co-operatives a
unique character, and influences.¶*
*The Cooperative Group http://www.co-operative.coop/corporate/widermovement/
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Cooperative
The First Co-operative
The Fenwick Weavers' Society 1761 (Fenwick, East Ayrshire,
Scotland)
Consumer Co-operative 1769
High standard of weaving craft
Food and books
The Cooperative Society reconvened March 2008
/
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Cooperative
R obert Owen (1771 - 1858)
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Cooperative
Cooperative Seven Principles ( R ochdale Principles)
Voluntary and Open Membership
Democratic Member ControlMembers¶ Economic Participation
Autonomy and Independence
Education, Training, and Information
Cooperation Among CooperativesConcern for Community
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Cooperative
Ru ral Electric Cooperative by Cou nty, USA*
*Image source: Center for Cooperative http://reic.uwcc.wisc.edu/electric/
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Cooperative
Distribu tion and G&T co-ops combined*
There are 841 distribution and 65 G&T cooperatives serve:
42 million people in 47 states (12% of the nation's population);
18 million businesses, homes, schools, churches, farms andirrigation systems; $112 billion (distribution and G&T co-ops
combined); 42% of the nations electric distribution lines;
Deliver 10% per year of the total kilowatt-hours; Employ 70,000
people; Retire $545 million in capital credits annually; Pay $1.4
billion in state and local taxes
*National Rural Electric Cooperative Association http://www.nreca.coop/members/Co-opFacts/Pages/default.aspx
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Cooperative
E u rope
India
Africa
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Energy Cooperative
India
More than 70% of the population of India is
located in villages, where lack of electricity and
other essential services hinder the economic andsocial development*
A village cooperative model, therefore, to
provide basic and essential services could be oneof the solutions for the local community*MNES, 2010
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Energy Cooperative
Universal Coverage
Electricity supply should be provided on the basis of
µuniversal coverage¶, i.e. it should be provided for all the
local people, with no exception, where the cooperativepower enterprise operate.
A number of households connected via a cooperative
enterprise have much higher rate of connection, i.e. four
time more than the connection provided via SEB*
*NRECA, 2002 (SEB=State Electricity Boards)
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Energy Cooperative
Solar Plant
There is no other power supply presently available
The village/town model should have the basic
infrastructure for present and future economicdevelopment, e.g. a positive outlook for agricultural and/or
local industries
Access to main roads
*NRECA, 2002 (SEB=State Electricity Boards)
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Energy Cooperative
M emberships
Genuine participation and cooperation = the number of the
memberships should be limited
(Not open for unlimited members)
A village or a town of around 5,000 inhabitants can be an
ideal for the proposed energy cooperative model
An experimental model should focus on the final possible
positive outcome which can be achieved successfully with
limited resources
The whole local population
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Energy Cooperative
The M odel Lack of electricity supply
The population size
The willingness of the local population to get involved
in the management, operation and maintenanceaspects
The town /village is located within the administered
part of Madhya Pradesh state
Recent data concerning the village /town are presentlyavailable for the project
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Energy Cooperative
S u ccessf u l Cooperative Electrification
The size of the village
Access to good roads
Distant to distribution network and /or villages nearby
already being supplied with electricityNumber of consumers
Number of established businesses
Number of rural industries
Comparison of other similar work done in other
countries to the new locationAvailability of public facilities
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Energy CooperativeG u ideline
Local ownership
Community participations
Suitable solar model
TrainingDevising method(s) for revenue collection
Tariff agreement with the local authority
Establishing a committee (e.g. developmentand for major problems)
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Energy Cooperative
H atod District of Mandla (Madhya Pradesh state)
Geographical location is within 22° 48' 0" North, 75° 44' 0"
East*
The last census indicated that there are around 9030inhabitants**
The population of the town comprise of 51% male (4,648) and
49% female (4,382).
16% of the total populations are under the age of 6
*Google Map **India Census, 2001
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Energy Cooperative
StatisticsThe following locations from class I to class VI, in the state of MadhyaPradesh, can be presented as an example, i.e. before deciding on thesize of the town/village for the cooperative model*
A. Bhind (M) [Population: 153,752, Class - I]B. Ashoknagar (M) [Population: 57,705, Class - II]C. Chitrakoot (NP) [Population: 22,279, Class - III]
D. Gurh (NP) [Population: 12,450, Class - IV ]E. Hatod (NP) [Population: 9,028, Class - V ]
F. Sethia (or Sethiya) (CT) [Population: 4,559, Class - VI]
(Census of India, 2001).*(Census of India, 2001)
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Energy Cooperative
Dataa. The present population growth rate
b. The present electricity demand in India is 530kWh/capita-annum The demandrising at a rate of 4.74% per annum, Hatod would therefore require a generation
capacity of 7.9GWh/annum or an average delivered power capability of 900kW
c. System cost (declining)
d. Bank lending interest rate: 4%
a. Section 3 of the Electricity Act 2003 has clearly formulated the National ElectricityPolicy, Tariff policy and National Electricity Plan including optimal utilizationresources including renewable sources of energy. Under this Act the solarelectricity feed-in tariff rate for financial year 2010/11 onwards has been set at
Indian Rupees 14.95/kWh as opposed to the consumer¶s purchase price of Rupees4/kWh. The ratio of sale/purchase price for the consumer is thus 3.7. Thiscompares more favourably than the latter ratio being 3.0 for the UK
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Energy Cooperative
Technical Aspects*
*Image source: Redrawn and edited from NASA Science, 2010)
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Energy Cooperative
H atod¶s Energy Data*
Estimated power to be consumed = 1.1 MW
Peak load = 8 KV
Number of household power connections = 1640Number of commercial power connections = 40
Number of Industrial power connection = 14
Number of agricultural connection = 12
Number of street lights = 28
Schools and places of worships = 14
*India Census, 2001
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Methodology
Steps
Listing of all known factors on the ground
Analysing individual factors
Compiling all the factors, i.e. hardware,
labour /workforce, experts and energy sources under
agreed guidelines /cooperative modelLocal entrepreneurs and engineers and other
cooperative members will report on the first
operational test of the system
Final decision on the viability of the work will be made
The modifications needed will be carried out which
should lead to an improvised final operational test
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Methodology
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MethodologyThe second test will be the final test, even if the test did not match the
expected improvement. This is simply to confirm whether or notfurther changes will be needed before the final operational mode has
been finally reached
To proceed with the supplying of electricity to the local community and
no further steps need to be taking, then this stage will lead to the
conclusion of the work. If on the other hand further work will be
needed, then stage 7 will be repeated
The final stage where the overall activity of the project and the form of a
cooperative model will be part of the daily business activity of the
local community
Feed back on the progress of the project will be part of the quarterly
report produced by the management responsible for the dailyoperation of the Solar-PV station to the cooperative executive
committee
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MethodologyImportance of loads, cost /prices, human
resources, taxations, grants and other
relevant factors under three main
headlines
S u mmary
1.Regulations/laws & Environmental/Social
aspects
2. Technical aspects3. Commercial aspects
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Conclusion
Forming cooperative organisations
Listing all the factors/cooperative model
Factors are connected to regulations,
environment, technical and commerciallevel/values