Second Session of the

Group of Experts on Renewable Energy (GERE)

Role of Renewable Energy Sources in

Climate Change Mitigation in Croatia

Željko Jurić, M.Sc.

Energy Institute Hrvoje Požar

Geneva, 12-13 October 2015

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Content

1. Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation

2. GHG Emission Reduction and Renewable Energy Targets

3. Energy Profile of Croatia

4. Status of Renewable Energy Sources in Croatia (RES Electricity, RES Heat and Cool, RES in Transport)

5. Implementation of RES Measures

6. Conclusion

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Change of climate

• Expected air temperature increase until 2100: from

0.3-1.7 ºC (421 ppm CO2 & 475 ppm GHG) to 2.6-4.8

ºC (936 ppm CO2 & 1313 ppm GHG) – World

Meteorological Organisation: the year 2014 was the

warmest year in the history of measurement!

• Expected and sea level increase until 2100: from 26

to 82 cm – trend: 1.7 mm average sea level increase

for 1900-2010, while 3 mm for 1993-2012.

• The Fifth Report also claims with high certainty (over

95%) that climate change and global temperature

increase from the mid-20th century is manmade!

• Fifth IPCC Report (2013) - The Physical Science Basis

(Summary for Policymakers) http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/

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Climate change adaptation in Croatia

Climate change policy

Mitigation Adaptation

Corresponding legal and other implementation frames

International City (urban) National

UNFCCC convention;

EU Adaptation Strategy (2013)

EUROCITIES Declaration

on Climate Change (2008)

- establishing long-term policies

for climate mitigation and adaptation

→ Climate Change Adaptation Plan

for the City of Zagreb

Adaptation Strategy and

Action Plan for Croatia

(2017)

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Climate change mitigation in Croatia

Climate change policy

Mitigation Adaptation

Corresponding legal and other implementation frames

International City (urban) National

UNFCCC convention;

Kyoto Protocol (2008-2012),

Post-Kyoto Agreement,

COP21 in Paris – expected

legally binding and universal

agreement on climate, with the

aim of keeping global warming

below 2°C

Covenant of Mayors;

61 cities/towns in Croatia

(prepared 59 Sustainable

Energy Action Plans);

at least 20% of GHG

emission reduction

by 2020

Low Carbon Development

Strategy of the Republic of

Croatia (drafted in Sept. 2015)

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GHG emission reduction targets for Croatia

Kyoto Protocol:

5% of GHG emission reduction in the period 2008-2012 in comparison with the

emission level in 1990 (result: -10.9%)

GHG emission reduction targets for 2020 (EU28: -20% in comparison

with 1990 or -14% in comparison with 2005):

ETS sector: -21% in comparison with 2005

Non-ETS sector: +11% in comparison with 2005

RES target: 20% in gross final energy consumption (same as EU average)

GHG emission reduction targets for 2030 (EU28: -40% in comparison

with 1990):

ETS sector: -43% in comparison with 2005

Non-ETS sector: -40 to 0% in comparison with 2005 (-30% for EU28, expected target

for Croatia could be about -10%)

RES indicative target: 27% in gross final energy consumption (EU28)

GHG emission reduction targets for 2050 (EU28 at least -80%):

Targets for Croatia will be determined

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Energy Strategy of the Republic of Croatia, in accordance with RES

Directive (2009/28/EC):

RES target for 2020: 20% of RES in gross final energy consumption (18% in

2013)

Goals of National Action Plan for Renewable Energy Sources (2020):

39% of RES in electricity generation, including large hydro power plants (38.7%

in 2013)

10% of RES in transportation (2.2% in 2013)

20% of RES in heating and cooling (18.1% in 2013)

New Law on renewable energy sources and highly efficient

cogeneration (adopted: September 2015; enters into force: January 2016)

→ establishment of premium system instead of feed-in tariffs for RES

electricity generation (above 30 kW)

RES targets for Croatia

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Energy profile – Primary energy self supply

Energy data for 2013:

• Primary energy production: 206.76 PJ

• Total primary energy supply: 380.51 PJ

• Primary energy self supply: 54.3%

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Total primary energy supply (TPES)

Energy data for 2013: • TPES/capita: 2135 kgoe (36% lower than EU28)

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TPES intensity

Energy data for 2013: • TPES intensity: 133 kgoe/1000 USD2005PPP (15.2% above EU28)

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TPES by energy forms

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Feed-in tariffs (4 Sept. 2015)

40.7 MW (1156 small PVs); quota: 52 MW

36.4 MW (14.9 MW in 7 solid biomass); quota:

120 MW & (21.4 MW in 15 biogas); quota: 70 MW

339.3 MW (16 WPPs); quota: 744 MW

Installed RES heat and power capacity

1.6 MW (7 small HPPs); quota: 35 MW

0 MW (4.7 MW in geothermal power plant near

Bjelovar, in preparation,); quota: 30 MW

Croatian Fund for environmental protection and energy efficiency in 2013 co-financed more than 2000 RES-H/C

installations: cca 70% thermal solar collectors, cca 30% other RES technologies (biomass boilers, geothermal

heat pumps…).

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Installed heat capacity

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Electricity generation from RES

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Large hydro power plants

• Installed capacity of large HPPs in 2013 was 2187 MW (52%).

• Electricity generation in large HPPs was 8054 GWh (66% of production or 45% consumption; import

of electricity: 25%).

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Biomass production and RES in transport

Liquid biofuels production (2013):

2013: 33007 t biodiesel (94% for domestic market)

Electric vehicles:

2014 and 2015: Croatian Fund for environmental protection and energy efficiency

supports the purchase of electric vehicles (627 hybrid vehicles, 203 full-electric

vehicles,16 plug-in hybrid vehicles)

2015: 65 charging stations for electric vehicles (28 in Zagreb)

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Energy renovation in buildings

There are a few examples of retrofitting programmes in place, on a

national level:

Retrofitting programme for single dwellings (results in 2015):

6000 single dwellings (family houses), co-fininancing by Croatian Fund for

environmental protection and energy efficiency – 40 mill. EUR (1.4 mill. EUR) for RES

technologies: 133 thermal solar collectors, 23 photovoltaics and 29 biomass boilers

Retrofitting programme for multi-occupancy residential buildings (results in 2014-15):

344 residential buildings, co-fininancing by Croatian Fund – 18.7 mill. EUR

Retrofitting programme for public buildings (results in 2014-15):

22 projects (13 currently active, 9 in progress), 1.3 buildings per project (cca 30

buildings), average energy savings within the projects: 50-70%, RES technologies:

thermal solar collectors, photovoltaics, biomass boilers and heat pumps

Retrofitting programme for commercial non-residential buildings (results in 2015):

Only a few projects - e.g. retrofitting of Shoe factory Ivančica (co-fininancing by

Croatian Fund – 120,000 EUR), implemented measures: thermal insulation (roof, walls

and windows…), replacement of lighting and installation od 42 m2 thermal solar

collectors

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Conclusion

Remaining within a 2 ºC limit until 2100 requires that the majority of

existing fossil fuels reserves stay in the ground → renewable energy

sources are significant part of solution.

THANK YOU

FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

Energy Institute Hrvoje Požar

Savska cesta 163, Zagreb, Croatia

M: + 385 99 5326 121

T: + 385 1 6326 121

F: + 385 1 6040 599

zjuric@eihp.hr

www.eihp.hr