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PRESENTATION ONCOMPUTER NETWORKING

R.K.JAIN SUBMITTED BY: -

(HOD,ECE) Kumar Rohit

PRATIBHA ROY ECE-3rdyr

INCHARGE OF SEMINAR 0922031036


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Overview Computer Networks

Basic hardware components

Personal Area Network(PAN)

WIDE AREA NETWORK(WAN) Local Area Network(LAN)

LAN basics

Network Topologies

Ring Topology

Star Topology Branching Tree Topology

Network security

Conclusion

Reference

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Computer Networks

A computer network is a system for communicating between

two or more computers and associated devices. It is an

interconnection of computers for the purposes of sharing

information and resources.

A popular example of a computer network is the internet,

which allows millions of users to share information

Computer networks can be classified according to their size:

Personal area network (PAN)

Local area network (LAN)

Wide area network (WAN)

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An example of a network

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Router

Internet

Segment Node

Hub

Hub

Bridge


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Basic hardware components

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Network interface cards

A network card, network adapter, or NIC (networkinterface card) is a piece of computer

hardware designed to allow computers to physically

access a networking medium. It provides a low-level

addressing system through the use ofMAC addresses.

Switches

A network switch is a device that forwards and

filters OSI layer 2datagrams (chunks of data

communication) between ports (connected cables)

based on the MAC addresses in the packets.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_cardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_addresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_switchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_layer_2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datagramshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datagramshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_layer_2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_switchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_addresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_addresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_addresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_cardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_cardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_card


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Repeaters and hubs

A repeater is an electronic device that receives a signal, cleans it of unnecessarynoise, regenerates it, and retransmits it at a higher power level, or to the other side of

an obstruction

Bridges

Bridges come in three basic types:

Local bridges: Directly connect LANs

Remote bridges: Can be used to create a wide area network (WAN) link between LANs.

Remote bridges, where the connecting link is slower than the end networks, largely have

been replaced with routers.Wireless bridges: Can be used to join LANs or connect remote stations to LANs.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repeaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_(information_theory)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retransmission_(data_networks)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retransmission_(data_networks)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_(information_theory)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repeater


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Routers

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A router is an internetworking device

that forwards packets between networksby processing information found in the

datagram or packet

Firewals

Firewalls

A firewall is an important aspect of a

network with respect to security. It typically

rejects access requests from unsafe sources

while allowing actions from recognized

ones.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Router_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_(information_technology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_(information_technology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Router_(computing)


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A PAN is a network that is used forcommunicating among computers andcomputer devices (includingtelephones) in close proximity of

around a few meters within a room PANs can be wired or wireless

PANs can be wired with a computer bussuch as a universal serial bus: USB (a serialbus standard for connecting devices to acomputer, where many devices can be

connected concurrently) PANs can also be wireless through the use

of bluetooth (a radio standard designed forlow power consumption for interconnectingcomputers and devices such as telephones,printers or keyboards to the computer) orIrDA (infrared data association)

technologies8

Personal Area Network(PAN)


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WIDE AREA NETWORK(WAN)

A Wide Area Network (WAN) is a

telecommunication network that covers

a broad area (i.e., any network that links

across metropolitan, regional, ornational boundaries). Business and

government entities utilize WANs to

relay data among employees, clients,

buyers, and suppliers from various

geographical locations. In essence thismode of telecommunication allows a

business to effectively carry out its daily

function regardless of location.


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A LAN is a network that is used for communicating among computer

devices, usually within an office building or home

LANs enable the sharing of resources such as files or hardware

devices that may be needed by multiple users Is limited in size, typically spanning a few hundred meters, and no

more than a mile

Is fast, with speeds from 10 Mbps to 10 Gbps

Requires little wiring, typically a single cable connecting to each

device

Local Area Network(LAN)


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LAN basics

LANs can be either wired or wireless. Twisted pair, coax or fiber optic cable canbe used in wired LANs

Nodes in a LAN are linked together with a certain topology. These topologiesinclude:

Bus

Ring

Star

Branching tree

A node is defined to be any device connected to the network. This could be acomputer, a printer, a router, etc.

A Hub is a networking device that connects multiple segments of the networktogether

A Network Interface Card (NIC) is the circuit board that has the networking logicimplemented, and provides a plug for the cable into the computer (unlesswireless). In most cases, this is an Ethernet card inserted in a slot of thecomputers motherboard

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Network Topologies Bus Topology Each node is connected one after the other (like Christmas

lights)

Nodes communicate with each other along the same path calledthe backbone

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Ring Topology The ring network is like a bus network, but the end of the

network is connected to the first node

Nodes in the network use tokens to communicate with eachother

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Backbone


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Star Topology Each node is connected to a device in the center of the network

called a hub

The hub simply passes the signal arriving from any node to theother nodes in the network

The hub does not route the data

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Hub


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Branching Tree Topology

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This diagram illustrates the tree network topology. A tree topology integrates

the star and bus topologies in a hybrid approach to improve network scalability


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Types of Ethernet LANs 10Base-T Operates at 10 Mbps IEEE 802.3 standard

Fast Ethernet (100Base-T)

Operates at 100 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet

Operates at 1 Gbps Uses fiber optic cable

10 Gbps Ethernet Latest development of Ethernet

Uses fiber optic cable Developed to meet the increasing bandwidth needs of the LAN market

Wireless Ethernet IEEE 802.11 standard Operates at around 2.4 Gbps

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www.answer.com

www.ewikepedia.com

www.google.com

www.hiet.org

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http://www.answer.com/http://www.ewikepedia.com/http://www.google.com/http://www.hiet.org/http://www.hiet.org/http://www.google.com/http://www.ewikepedia.com/http://www.answer.com/


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