RIZAL IN PENINSULAR SPAIN

Rizal decided to leave the country not just to complete his medical studies in Europe.

Hidden purposes for his voyage: to make a name for himself in the realm

of journalism; to observe and study European society ; and to prepare himself for the task of

liberating the Filipinos from Spanish tyranny.

SECRET DEPARTURE May 1 1882-Rizal left Calamba and was able to reach

Manila after ten hours of journey via a carromata. No one among the family members of Rizal knew his

departure for Spain, except Paciano, Saturnina, his Tio Antonio and a few friends .

His brother Paciano did everything to ensure that Rizal can leave the country secretly .He secured Rizal a passport with the name Jose Mercado.

Rizal stayed in Manila for 2 days before his trip to Spain .

Before leaving, he heard the mass at Santo Domingo Church in the Walled City and then proceeded to Pasig to board the cruiser Salvadora, bound for Singapore.

ITINERARY TO SPAIN He felt very sad leaving his country and family. To entertain himself ,Rizal made sketches of his

fellow passengers and things he saw along the way. Arrived at Singapore

after 1week and stayed for 2days. Took time to visit its botanical garden, art galleries ,

parks, and some historical spots. He recorded in his diary every detail of what he was able to observe.

19th Century Singapore

Rizal boarded the ship Djemnah, which shall ferry him to France. The ship stop over at Point Galle in Ceylon, Aden and Port Said at Suez Canal.

June 11,1882 the steamer reach Naples. Rizal was impressed with Naples, an Italian city ,for its panoramic beauty, and lively people.

June 12,1882-from Naples, the steamer sailed to France.

It dock at the Harbor of Marseilles. Rizal was impressed by the courtesy of the customs police. He was likewise, enchanted by its graceful and impressive buildings and the courtesy and refined manners of the French men.

Naples, Italy

Marseilles

Rizal took the train going to Barcelona. At first Rizal has a negative impression of the

city and its people .Later, he came to like Barcelona duet o the prevalence of freedom and liberalism in the city and the good qualities demonstrated by its residents open heartedness ; hospitality; and courage.

BARCELONA

RIZAL IN BARCELONA Rizal was welcome by the Filipinos in

Barcelona, most of who were his former classmates at Ateneo Municipal. They had a welcome party at favorite coffee house at Plaza De Cataluña. 

Rizal had a walk around city to see the famous historical spots of Barcelona.

While in Barcelona, Rizal took time writing to his family, relatives and friends in the Philippines.

He did not forget one of his missions that of making a name for himself in the field of writing

Paciano believed that Rizal would be able to express his nationalistic and patriotic sentiment which in effect can arouse the hostility and suspicion of the Spanish Regime. Rizal will be transformed into a patriot, a novelist and a nationalist.

ELA AMOR PATRIO

A nationalistic essay entitled meaning “Love of Country”, his first article written in Spain

Rizal wrote this essay when he was still 21yearsold, under the pseudonym Laonglaan

It came out on Aug. 20,1882 in the DiariongT �agalog in Manila, forthe first time he used the term Tierra Extranjera (foreign Land)in referring to Spain.

ELA AMOR PATRIO

After El Amor Patrio, Rizal stopped producing nationalistic articles The opposition of his mother Difficulty of recognition in a foreign country Desire to finish his studies

RIZAL MOVES TO MADRID September 1882 - Rizal decided to move to the capital

city of Spain to continue his studies . He enrolled in philosophy and letters and licentiate in

medicine at the Universidad Central de Madrid. He took lessons in painting and sculpture at

the Academia de San Fernando. Lessons in fencing, at the schools of Sanzan Carbonell; and lessons in English, French and German in Madrid Ateneo.

He even contemplated taking the examination in Roman law for possible enrollment in law

June 5 to 26. He took the medical examination. Fortunately, he passed the examination. At the same time , he passed the examination in Greek, Latin, and World history. Rizal was awarded the degree of licentiate in medicine for passing the medical examination for the course.

RIZAL AND THE FILIPINO EXPATRIATES IN MADRID

Despite of Rizal’s �hectic schedule, he found time to associate with Pedro Paterno, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Gregorio Sanciano, Juan Luna, Felix Hidalgo, Marcelo del Pilar and others.

Rizal, Jaena and Del Pilar �were closely associated and the trio were called the Triumvirate of the Propaganda Movement.

Rizal felt the effect of hardships in Calamba. The finances of Rizal’s family turned bad to worse. Crop failures Drought, locusts Hike in rentals on the hacienda lands

As a result there were frequent delay in his monthly stipend from the Philippines. There were many occasions where he attended classes on an empty stomach.

RIZAL’S AFFAIR WITH CONSUELO Don Pablo Ortega y Rey - the former city mayor of

Manila during the time of Governor Carlos de la Torre. Father of Pilar And Consuelo. Rizal was attracted to Consuelo due to her refined

manners and enchanting smile. He gave flowers occasionally ,w/c Consuelo appreciated. Consuello fell in love with him. However, Rizal suppressed his emotions since he was still engaged with Leonor Rivera. Besides, he did not want to destroy his friendship with Eduardo de late, who was madly in love with Consuelo.

Before leaving Madrid he composed a poem for Consuelo, w/c was entitled A la Seniorita C .O. y R.

RIZAL’S TOAST TO LUNA AND HIDALGO

Juan Luna and Felix Hidalgo emerged winners in the 1884 Madrid Exposition. Luna was awarded a gold medal for his painting ,the Spolarium; while Hidalgo a silver medal for his entry, Christian Virgins Exposed to the Populace. 

A banquet was tendered in honor of these two Filipino artist at the Café Ingles on June 25 ,1884,with Rizal delivering the key note speech.

The speech of salute Rizal delivered during the occasion came to be called Brindis.

SPOLARIUM

CHRISTIAN VIRGINS EXPOSED TO THE POPULACE.

DOÑA TEODORA’S REACTIONS ON RIZAL’S SPEECH

The delivery of Brindis reached the Philippines because of its full coverage by the Madrid Press to the occasion.

Nonetheless, Rizal was not cognizant of the consequence of his speech.

Rizal's mother became ill, as his son become the talk of the town and the friars to Calamba.

In her letter to Rizal she advise him to refrain from the articles that might offend friars and regime and that he should not fail in his duties as a Christian. not to continue pursuing further studies since she had that fear

that it could cause him death later 

RIZAL’S RESPONSE TO HIS MOTHER  He will still have enemies, even if he puts an end to �

writing articles considered anti-Spanish and anti-friars; Life can’t be without any sorrow;� Misfortunes are welcomed when they can avert �

debasement and degradation A son can pay honor to his parents thru honesty and �

good name; Religion is the holiest of things but a person can only �

believe by reasoning; and Conscience can accept only what is compatible with �

reason.