Rizal in Peninsular Spain

Chapter 9

SECRET DEPARTURE FOR SPAIN

ITINERARY TO SPAIN

He left Calamba via a carromata

He stayed in Manila for 2 days

Boarded cruiser

Salvadora in Pasig River

Arrived at Singapore after about a week

Boarded steamer Djemnah

Stop-over at Point de

Galle

Singapore Lighthouse

Reached Colomo, Ceylon

Suffered from heat in Aden

Passed through

Suez Canal

Went sight-seeing in Port Said

Stopped at Naples,

Italy

Visited Chateau d’If in Marseilles

Sketch along Suez Canal

Sketch of Castle of St. Elmo, Naples

Rode a train to Barcelona

Stop-over at Port-Buo

Barcelona, Spain

(Summer 1882)

RIZAL IN BARCELONA

On the 16th of June, 1882, beginning of summer, Rizal reached his destination--- Barcelona

They had a welcome party held at Plaza de Cataluña. He boarded on Fonda de España, San Pablo

first impression of Barcelona was unfavorable

the only city that attracted his attention was Gerona

On June 23, 1882, Rizal wrote to his parents, Rizal related to his parents his experiences during his trip from Port Said to Barcelona. In the same Letter, he requested them to send him a birth certificate and statement showing that he had parents in the Philippines.

He wrote another letter on the 29th of June, he expressed the disappointment he is feeling for not having received even one letter from anyone from the Philippines.

EL AMOR PATRIO wrote a nationalistic essay entitled El

Amor Patrio (Love of Country), his first article written in Spain

sent this article in Manila, to a friend named Basilio Teodoro, who was a member of the editorial staff of the Diariong Tagalog

this poem he stressed that of Patria or Country not as Spain but as the Philippines. He wrote of Spain as a strange, alien land.

“Love of country is never effaced once it has entered the heart”

created a sensation among the Filipinos and Spaniards because of its Filipinistic flavor

friends and relatives praised its courage and its beautiful language, enemies, that is to say, the enemies of enlightened freedom in the Philippines saw in it another sign of disloyalty and rebellion sprouting

From the 28 August 1882 letter of Jose M. Cecilio to Jose Rizal, and on September 12 1882, from Basilio Teodoro still about the article he wrote.

On September 12 1882, he received a letter from Basilio Teodoro, the sad news about the cholera that swept Manila and the provinces reached him.

Rizal’s allowance of fifty pesos a month was reduced to thirty five because of the poor harvest, the low cost of sugar, and other reasons. The money was sent to him through Uncle Antonio, Leonor’s father.

Leonor was sad—very sad and had become thinner than before. No one could take his place in her heart, not even the Civil Guard corporal who had been attracted to her charms.

RIZAL IN MADRID

The Portrait of Rizal in 1883 Painted in Oil by Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo.

Rizal in Madrid

On November 3, 1882, Rizal enrolled in Universidad Central de Madrid (Central University of Madrid) in Medicine and Philosophy and Letters.

Rizal in Madrid

He also took lessons in French, German, and English under a private instructor and practiced fencing and shooting in the Hall of Arms of Sanz y Carbonell.

Rizal in Madrid

Rizal led a Spartan life in Madrid. He strictly budgeted his money and time.

He spends only for his necessities and for books; and he never wastes his money except on lottery tickets where he spends three pesetas on it.

2nd February 1884-› 1 peseta & 3 ctvos. – buttons and shoe

polish› 9 pesetas & 67 ctvos. – salary of maid› 8 pesetas & 25 ctvos. – subscriptions to

different papers› 3 pesetas & 50 ctvos. – “The Four

Kingdoms of Nature”› 40 centavos – chestnuts

Peseta - the basic monetary unit of Spain until 2002

Rizal in Madrid

In Madrid, Rizal’s pastime is reading. He stayed at home to read books instead of gambling and flirting with women.

List of books in his collection The Bible Hebrew Grammar Lives of the Presidents of the United

States from Washington to Johnson

List of books in his collection (cont.) Complete Works of Voltaire, Horace, and C.

Bernard History of the French Revolution The Wandering Jew Ancient Poetry Works of Thucydides The Byzantine Empire The Characters of La Bruyere The Renaissance Uncle Tom’s Cabin Works of Alexander Dumas Louis XIV and His Court numerous books about medicine, philosophy,

languages, history, geography, arts, and sciences

Rizal in Madrid In the course of three years, he proved

himself one of the University’s most outstanding students, on various occasions achieving the coveted grade of “Sobresaliente” or Excellent in General Literature, Greek, History, Greek and Latin Literature, Hebrew, Advanced Greek, and Spanish Literature, while at the same time passing competently each of his medical examinations.

Rizal’s scholastic records in medicine at the Universidad Central de Madrid

Fifth Year (1882-83): Continuation of Medical Course in the University of

Santo TomasMedical Clinic 1 ------------------------- GoodSurgical Clinic 1 ------------------------ GoodObstetrical Clinic ----------------------- FairLegal Medicine -------------------------

Excellent

Rizal’s scholastic records in medicine at the Universidad Central de Madrid

Sixth Year (1883-84)Medical Clinic 2 ----------------- GoodSurgical Clinic 2 ------------------ Very Good

Licentiate in Medicine awarded on June 21, 1884 with the rating “Fair”

Rizal’s scholastic records in medicine at the Universidad Central de Madrid

Doctorate (1884-85)History of Medical Science ---------- FairSurgical Analysis -------------------------GoodNormal Histology ------------------------

Excellent

Doctor of Medicine (Not awarded)

Rizal in Madrid

He also completed the degree of Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters with the rating of “Sobresaliente” on June 19, 1885, which is his 24th birthday.

1882-83Universal History 1 ------------------- Very

GoodGeneral Literature ------------------ Excellent

1883-84Universal History 2 ---------------- ExcellentGreek and Latin Literature ---- Excellent

(with prize)Greek 1--------------------- Excellent (with prize)

1884-85Spanish Language - Excellent (with a

scholarship)Arabic Language - Excellent (with a

scholarship)

Rizal and the Filipino Expatriates in Madrid

Despite of Rizal’s hectic schedule, he found time to associate with Pedro Paterno, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Gregorio Sanciano, Juan Luna, Felix Hidalgo, Marcelo del Pilar and others.

Rizal, Jaena and Del Pilar were closely associated and the trio were called the Triumvirate of the Propaganda Movement.

Rizal and the Filipino Expatriates in Madrid

Rizal joined the Circulo Hispano-Filipino, a society for Spaniards and Filipinos formed by his fellow expatriates.

Me Piden Versos (They Asked Me For Verses)

With the request of the members of the society, Rizal wrote a poem entitled Me Piden Versos (They Asked Me For Verses) and delivered it on October 7, 1882 in a gathering held at the house of Pablo Ortega y Rey. The poem was written while he was homesick because he wants to go home to Calamba but he has to finish his medical course for his mother’s eyesight.

Me Piden VersosPiden que pulse la liraHa tiempo callada y

rota:Si ya no arranco una

notaNi mi musa ya me

inspira!Balbuce fria y deliraSi la tortura mi mente;Cuando rie solo miente;Como miente su

lamento:Y es que en mi triste

aislamientoMi alma ni goza ni

siente.

You Ask me for VersesYou bid me now to strike the

lyre,That mute and torn so long

has lain:And yet I cannot wake the

strain, Nor will the Muse one note

inspire!Coldly it shakes in accents

dire,As if my soul itself to wring,And when its sound seems

but to flingA jest at its own low lament;So in sad isolation pent,My soul can neither feel nor

sing.

Rizal Joins The Masonry

Miguel Morayta – a progressive liberal , Grand Master os Spanish Masonry.

Pope Leo XIII – wrote the Encyclical Humanum Genus, against Masonry.

1. The abuses committed by the friars against the Filipinos

2. The possible assistance the masons can extend him in his struggle against Spanish tyranny and oppression

Why he joined Masonry?

Rizal Joins The Masonry

Lodge Acacia (1883) Dimasalang Master Mason –

Lodge Solidaridad of Gran Oriente Espanol

- Le Grand Orient de France

Rizal And Consuelo

Don Pablo Ortega y Rey

Consuelo Pablo Ortega y Rey

Eduardo de Lete A La Senorita C.O. y

Rey

Rizal Toasts to Hidalgo and Luna

The Spolarium

Las Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas al Populacho

The Toast

Direct attack and challenge to the Spanish Regime

Genius knows no race The two painters and paintings Reforms Youth Parents

Doña Teodora’s Reactions on Rizal’s Speech

The delivery of Brindis reached the Philippines because of its full coverage by the Madrid Press

reactions from different Filipinos› Paciano: having his first experience of

his brother’s dynamism, reported that the speech was being widely discussed

› Jose had gone far enough and should go no further

› The speech made him many enemies

› All being united in the opinion that Jose should on no account attempt to return to the Philippines

the most significant would be from Rizal’s mother, Doña Teodora. Teodora Alonso› said that her son would end up

beheaded if he went on with his studies, had undoubtedly recognized in the brindis speech the dangerous step he had taken toward the fulfillment of such a realization, should he return

› deeply shocked by her son’s scientific approach to religion, which she mistook for atheism

In her typical letter she begged him not to involve himself in matters that gave offense, not to fail in his Christian duties, and warned him that there are times when science can lead to perdition (punishment in hell)

Rizal’s response to his mother

He will still have enemies, even if he puts an end to writing articles considered anti-Spanish and anti-friars;

Life can’t be without any sorrow;

Misfortunes are welcomed when they can avert debasement and degradation;

Rizal’s response to his mother

Conscience has to decide whether to submit or perish in the society where a person is born.

People have to put their trust in God in the sincerity of their purpose;

The best legacy parents can give their children are upright judgment; generosity in the exercise of rights; and perseverance in adversity;

Rizal’s response to his mother

A son can pay honor to his parents thru honesty and good name;

Religion is the holiest of things but a person can only believe by reasoning; and

Conscience can accept only what is compatible with reason.