Result and Discussions

Total 5 Ayurvedic medicines- Katujarishta, Dasamoolarishta, Tribhuvan kirti ras, Triphala, Drakshasava were taken to study, and they were tested in combination of antibiotics against which test organisms are resistant.

Table-1) Standard Zone Evaluation Table

Diameter of zone of inhibition (mm)

Resistant 10 or Less than 10

Intermediate 11-15Sensitive 16 or more

Bacterial responses to each medicine both alone and in combination with antibiotics were evaluated by using-

Clinical isolates of pathogenic microorganisms- E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeroginosa, S. aureus were tested with ayurvedic medicines both alone and in combination with antibiotics by well diffusion method and results were note down

Activity of Katujarishta with Antibiotics

The results of bacterial response to Katujarishta in presence of antibiotics is given in Table-2

Table-2) Activity of Ayurvedic medicine- Katujarishta in presence of antibiotics against drug resistant bacteria

Bacterial Culture

Zone of inhibition in mmAmpicilli

nCiprofloxa

cinKatujarish

taKatujarisht

a + Ampicillin

Katujarishta +

Ciprofloxacin

E. coli - - 7 26 34P. aerginosa

- - 28 17 34

K. pneumonia

e

- - 19 14 14

S. aureus - - 28 38 43

E. coli, was found to be resistant to Katujarishta, however K. pneumoniae, P. aeroginosa, S. aureus were found to be susceptible against it. When it was combined with antibiotics against which test organisms were resistant, all of them showed different responses.

It was interesting to note that E. coli , in combination of antibotics showed considerable increased in sensitivity, although E. coli was resistant to both antibiotics and Katujarishta.

P. aeroginosa, in combination of both antibiotics was sensitive, however with Ampicillin it’s sensitivity found to be decreased than simply Katujarishta and with Ciprofloxacin, it’s sensitivity was decreased.

K. pneumoniae, although sensitive to Katujarishta, their sensitivity pattern was decreased with both Antibiotcs, and K.

pneumoniae showed intermediate sensitivity to combination of antibiotics.

S. aureus, in combination of antibiotics showed considerable increased sensitivity.

Comparitive results of different combinations against test organisms are graphically explained in fig.1

Ampicillin Ciprofloxacin Katujarishta Katujarishta + Ampicillin

Katujarishta + Ciprofloxacin

0 0

7

26

34

0 0

28

17

34

0 0

19

14 14

0 0

28

38

43

Graph- 1: Activity of Katujarishta with Antibiotics against clinical iso-

lates of drug resistant bacteriaE. coli P.aerginosa K.pneumoniae S. aureus

Activity of Dasamoolarishta with Antibiotics

The results of bacterial response to Dasamoolarishta in presence of antibiotics is given in Table-3

Table-3) Activity of Ayurvedic medicine- Dasamoolarishta in presence of antibiotics against drug resistant bacteria

Bacterial Culture

Zone of inhibition in mmAmpicilli

nCiprofloxa

cinDasamo

ol-arishta

Dasamool-arishta + Ampicillin

Dasamool-arishta +

Ciprofloxacin

E. coli - - 9 24 37P.aerginosa

- - 23 21 31

K.pneumoniae

- - 26 24 28

S. aureus - - 24 14 28

E. coli, was resistant to Dasamoolarishta however K. pneumoniae, P. aeroginosa, and S. aureus were found to be susceptible against it, however when it was combined with antibiotics against which test organisms were resistant, all of

theam showed different responses.

It was interesting to note that- in combination of antibiotics E. coli showed considerably increased sensitivity although E.coli was resistant to both antibiotics and Dasamoolarishta.

P. aeroginosa, in combination of both antibiotics was sensitive, however with Ampicillin it’s sensitivity found to be

decreased than simply Dasamoolarishta and with Ciprofloxacin it’s sensitivity was increased.

K. pneumoniae, as like Dasamoolarishta also sensitive to it’s combination with both antibiotics, however slight changes in it’s pattern of sensitivity was observed.

S. aureus, in combination of Ampicillin it’s sensitivity was found to be decreased, and it was intermediately sensitive to it, however in combination of Ciprofloxacin sensitivity of S. aureus was considerably increased.

Comparitive results of different combinations against test organisms are graphically explained in fig.2

Ampicillin Ciprofloxacin Dasamool-arishta Dasamool-arishta + Ampicillin

Dasamool-arishta + Ciprofloxacin

0 0

9

24

37

0 0

2321

31

0 0

2624

28

0 0

24

14

28

Graph- 2: Activity of Dasamoolarishta with Antibiotics against clinical isolates

of drug resistant bacteriaE. coli P.aerginosa K.pneumoniae S. aureus

Activity of Tribhuvan Kirti Ras with Antibiotics

The results of bacterial response to Tribhuvan kirti ras in presence of antibiotics is given in Table-4

Table-4) Activity of Ayurvedic medicine- Tribhuvan Kirti ras in presence of antibiotics against drug resistant bacteria

Bacterial Culture

Zone of inhibition in mmAmpicilli

nCiprofloxa

cinTribhuvan Kirti ras

Tribhuvan Kirti ras + Ampicillin

Tribhuvan Kirti ras +

Ciprofloxacin

E. coli - - 17 30 40P.aerginosa

- - 26 - 32

K. pneumonia

e

- - 26 28 28

S. aureus - - - - 21

E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeroginosa, were sensitive to Tribhuvan kirti ras however S. aureus was found to be resistant against it, however when it was combined with antibiotics against

which test organisms were resistant, all of theam showed different responses.

E. coli showed considerable increased sensitivity, when Tribhuvan kirti ras is combined when both types of antibiotics.

P. aeroginosa was sensitive to Tribhuvan kirti ras but found to be resistant, when combined with antibiotc Ampicillin. However P. aeroginosa against combination of Tribhuvan kirti ras, combined with Cirofloxacin showed increased sensitivity.

K. pneumoniae showed sensitivity to both Tribbhuvan kirti ras and it’s combination with antibiotics to which bacteria are resistant.

S. aureus was found to be resistant to Tribhuvan kirti ras, and also when it is combined with antibiotics- Ampicillin, however interestingly when tribhuvan kirti ras was combined with antibiotic Ciprofloxacin then S. aureus showed sensitivity against it.

Comparitive results of different combinations against test organisms are graphically explained in fig.3

Ampicillin Ciprofloxacin Tribhuvan Kirti ras Tribhuvan Kirti ras + Ampicillin

Tribhuvan Kirti ras + Ciprofloxacin

0 0

17

30

40

0 0

26

0

32

0 0

2628 28

0 0 0 0

21

Graph- 3: Activity of Tribhuvan kirti ras with Antibiotics against clinical isolates of drug resistant bacteria

E. coli P.aerginosa K.pneumoniae S. aureus

Activity of Triphala with Antibiotics

The results of bacterial response to Triphala in presence of antibiotics is given in Table-5

Table-5) Activity of Ayurvedic medicine- Triphala in presence of antibiotics against drug resistant bacteria

Bacterial Culture

Zone of inhibition in mmAmpicilli

nCiprofloxa

cinTriphala Triphala +

AmpicillinTriphala +

Ciprofloxacin

E. coli - - 21 21 24P. aeroginosa

- - 10 12 26

K. pneumonia

e

- - 8 14 29

S. aureus - - 10 18 29

E. coli was found to be sensitive to Triphala, however P. aeroginosa, K. pneumoniae, and S. aureus were resistant to it.When it was combined with antibiotics against which test organisms were resistant, all of theam showed different responses.

E. coli was also sensitive to Triphala when it was combined with antbiotics against which organism were resistant.

P. aeroginosa, was intermeditely sensitive to Triphala combined with Ampicillin, however it was interesting to note that, P. aeroginosa showed remarkable sensitivity to it, when Triphala was combined with Ciprofloxacin.

K. pneumoniae was intermeditely sensitive to Triphala, when it was combined with Ampicillin, it was interesting to note that, K. pneumoniae showed remarkable sensitivity to it, when Triphala was combined with Ciprofloxacin.

S. aureus was intermeditely sensitive to Triphala combined with Ampicillin, but interestingly when Ciprofloxacin was combined with Triphala, P. aeroginosa shows remarkable sensitivity to it.

Comparitive results of different combinations against test organisms are graphically explained in fig.4

Ampicillin Ciprofloxacin Triphala Triphala + Ampicillin

Triphala + Ciprofloxacin

0 0

21 2124

0 0

1012

26

0 0

8

14

29

0 0

10

18

29

Graph- 4: Activity of Triphala with Antibiotics against clinical isolates

of drug resistant bacteriaE. coli P.aerginosa K.pneumoniae S. aureus

Activity of Drakshasava with Antibiotics

The results of bacterial response to Triphala in presence of antibiotics is given in Table-6

Table-5) Activity of Ayurvedic medicine- Drakshasava in presence of antibiotics against drug resistant bacteria

Bacterial Zone of inhibition in mm

Culture Ampicillin

Ciprofloxacin

Drakshasava

Drakshasava +

Ampicillin

Drakshasava +

Ciprofloxacin

E. coli - - - 29 35P.aeroginosa

- - 9 17 18

K. pneumonia

e

- - - 18 34

S. aureus - - - 11 27

All 4 clinical isolates of test organisms viz. E. coli, P. aeroginosa, K. pneumoniae, and S. aureus were resistant to Drakshsava, however when it was combined with antibiotics against which test organisms were resistant, all of theam showed different responses.

Triphala when combined with antibiotics Ampicillin and Ciprofloxacin. It was interesting to note that all test organisms showed sensitivity to these combinations, except S. aureus showed intermediate senstivity to combination of Drakshasava and Ampicillin.

Comparitive results of different combinations against test organisms are graphically explained in fig.5

Ampicillin Ciprofloxacin Drakshasava Drakshasava + Ampicillin

Drakshasava + Ciprofloxacin

0 0 0

29

35

0 0

9

17 18

0 0 0

18

34

0 0 0

11

27

Graph- 5: Activity of Drakshasava with Antibiotics against clinical iso-

lates of drug resistant bacteriaE. coli P.aerginosa K.pneumoniae S. aureus

Fig. 1) Photos of plate showing Antibiotic resistance of Test organisms to Antibiotics- Ampicillin and Ciprofloxacin

E. coli K. pneumoniae

P. aeroginosa S. aureus

Fig. 2) Photos of plates showing Antimicrobial activity of Katujarishta with Antibiotics, Ampicillin and Ciprofloxacin against Test organisms.

E. coli K. pneumoniae

P. aeroginosa S. aureus

Fig. 3) Photos of plates showing Antimicrobial activity of Dasamoolarishta with Antibiotics, Ampicillin and Ciprofloxacin against Test organisms.

E. coli K. pneumoniae

P. aeroginosa S. aureus

Fig. 4) Photos of plates showing Antimicrobial activity of Tribhuvan Kirti Ras with Antibiotics, Ampicillin and Ciprofloxacin against Test organisms.

E. coli K. pneumoniae

P. aeroginosa S.

aureus

Fig. 5) Photos of plates showing Antimicrobial activity of Triphala with Antibiotics, Ampicillin and Ciprofloxacin against Test organisms.

E. coli K. pneumoniae

P. aeroginosa S.

aureus

Fig. 6) Photos of plates showing Antimicrobial activity of Drakshasava with Antibiotics, Ampicillin and Ciprofloxacin against Test organisms.

E. coli K. pneumoniae

P. aeroginosa S.

aureus